TWI414447B - 電動驅動器 - Google Patents
電動驅動器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI414447B TWI414447B TW095139495A TW95139495A TWI414447B TW I414447 B TWI414447 B TW I414447B TW 095139495 A TW095139495 A TW 095139495A TW 95139495 A TW95139495 A TW 95139495A TW I414447 B TWI414447 B TW I414447B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- stator
- actuator
- disk
- idler
- input
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H61/664—Friction gearings
- F16H61/6649—Friction gearings characterised by the means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
- B60K6/405—Housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Friction Gearing (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Description
發明性實施例之領域大體是關於用於機電或電動驅動器之系統以及方法,且更特定而言,發明性實施例是關於利用整合電力裝置(electrical device)與機械傳動器(mechanical transmission)之方法以及總成的驅動。
為了提供連續可變傳動器(continuously variable transmission),已開發了各種牽引滾筒傳動器(traction roller transmission),其中經由扭力輸入與輸出盤之間的外殼中所支撐之牽引滾筒來傳動功率。在此等傳動器中,牽引滾筒安裝於支撐結構上,此等支撐結構在樞轉時導致牽引滾筒與扭力盤在視所要傳動比(transmission ratio)而定之變化直徑的圓中嚙合。
然而,此等傳統解決方案之成功受到了限制。舉例而言,在一解決方案中,揭露了一種用於具有可變可調整傳動比之機車之驅動輪轂(driving hub)。此方法教示了兩個膜片板(iris plate)之使用,在牽引滾筒之每一側上各有一個,用以傾斜每一滾筒之旋轉軸。然而,由於在傳動器換擋期間需要許多部分來調整膜片板,所以膜片板之使用可能極為複雜。此傳動器之另一困難在於其具有經組態成相對於每一滾筒主要為固定的導環(guide ring)。因為導環為固定的,所以使每一牽引滾筒之旋轉軸換擋為困難的。
一優於此較早設計之改良包括軸,輸入盤以及輸出盤圍繞此軸而旋轉。輸入盤以及輸出盤均安裝於軸上,且接觸圍繞軸而等距離地以及徑向地安置之多個滾珠。滾珠與兩盤均進行摩擦接觸,且將來自輸入盤之功率傳動至輸出盤。同心地位於軸上方以及滾珠之間的惰輪(idler)施加力來保持滾珠分離,以相抵於輸入盤以及輸出盤而進行摩擦接觸。此設計之主要限制為缺少用於產生以及充分地控制軸向力之構件,此軸向力擔當法線接觸力以在傳動器之速度比改變時保持輸入盤以及輸出盤相抵於滾珠而處於充分摩擦接觸。由於滾動牽引連續可變傳動器需要在低速下之更多的軸向力來防止驅動以及從動旋轉部件在速度改變摩擦滾珠上滑動的事實,所以當輸入與輸出速度相等時,以高速且以1:1比率來施加過多力。此過多軸向力降低效率且導致傳動器比針對任一特定齒輪比而施加適當量之力時顯著更快地發生故障。過多力亦使得更難以使傳動器換擋。因此,存在對一種具有改良型軸向負載產生系統之連續可變傳動器的需要,此改良型軸向負載產生系統改變作為傳動比之函數而產生的力。
在某些機車以及工業使用中極需要一種產生可變速度以及恆定功率之電動馬達(electric motor)。在此等恆定功率應用中,扭力與速度相反地變化。舉例而言,扭力隨著速度降低而增加,或扭力隨著速度增加而降低。某些電動馬達可提供高於其額定功率之恆定功率;例如,1750 rpm交流(AC)馬達可在速度增加高於1750 rpm時提供恆定功率,因為扭力可經設計以與速度增加成比例地降低。然而,馬達在低於其額定功率之速度下操作時獨自不能產生恆定功率。經常地,扭力隨著馬達速度降低而保持恆定或甚至降低。可使用控制器以低速來增加至電動馬達中之電流以及扭力,但需要增加繞組之導線直徑來容納額外電流以避免過熱。此是不良的,因為馬達變得比典型操作條件所必需之馬達更大且更昂貴。電子控制器(electronic controller)亦增加花費以及複雜性。用以達成足夠低速扭力之另一方法為使用較大馬達。然而,此增加了成本、尺寸、重量且使馬達更難以與其提供功率之機器封裝。因此,存在對一種用以藉由電動馬達來提供可變速度以及恆定功率之改良型方法的需要。對於某些應用,可將連續可變傳動器與電動馬達進行整合。
本文所說明以及描述之系統以及方法具有若干特徵,其中無單一特徵獨自負責其所需之屬性。在不限制如藉由隨後之描述所表達之範疇的情況下,現將簡短地論述其更多突出特徵。在考慮此論述之後,且特別是在閱讀命名為【實施方式】之部分之後,吾人將瞭解系統以及方法之特徵如何提供優於傳統系統以及方法之若干優點。
在又一態樣中,揭露一種可變速度傳動器,其包括:縱向軸;多個滾珠,其圍繞縱向軸而徑向地分佈,每一滾珠具有其進行旋轉所圍繞之可傾斜軸;可旋轉輸入盤,其鄰近於滾珠且與每一滾珠接觸而定位;固定輸出盤,其鄰近於滾珠並相反於輸入盤且與每一滾珠接觸而定位;可旋轉惰輪,其具有恆定外徑並在每一滾珠內部且與其接觸而徑向地定位;籠罩,其用以維持滾珠之徑向位置以及軸向對準且其可圍繞縱向軸而旋轉;以及惰輪軸,其連接至惰輪,用以收納來自惰輪之扭力輸出,且將扭力輸出傳動出傳動器。
為了用於本文所描述之許多實施例,亦揭露一種軸向力產生器(axial force generator),其用以施加軸向力以增加輸入盤、輸出盤與多個速度調整器之間的接觸力,軸向力產生器更包括:軸承盤,其與縱向軸同軸且可圍繞縱向軸而旋轉,軸承盤具有外徑以及內徑且具有形成於其內徑中之螺紋孔;多個周邊斜坡(perimeter ramp),其接近軸承盤之外徑而附著至軸承盤之第一側;多個軸承,其用以嚙合多個軸承盤斜坡;多個輸入盤周邊斜坡,其安裝於相反於用以嚙合軸承之速度調整器之側上的輸入盤上;整體圓柱形螺桿,其與縱向軸同軸且可圍繞縱向軸而旋轉,並具有沿其外表面而形成之公螺紋(male thread),此等公螺紋用以嚙合軸承盤之螺紋孔;多個中心螺桿斜坡,其附著至螺桿;以及多個中心輸入盤斜坡,其附加至輸入盤且用以嚙合多個中心螺桿斜坡。
在另一態樣中,揭露一種支撐籠罩,其在滾動牽引傳動器中支撐以及定位多個速度調整可傾斜滾珠,此滾動牽引傳動器在多個滾珠之任一側上利用輸入盤以及輸出盤,此籠罩包括:第一以及第二扁平支撐盤,其各為具有自外邊緣向內徑向地延伸之多個狹槽的整體圓形薄片,每一狹槽具有兩個側;以及多個扁平支撐隔片,其在第一與第二支撐盤之間延伸,每一隔片具有正側、背側、第一末端以及第二末端,其中第一以及第二末端各具有安裝表面,其中每一安裝表面具有彎曲表面,且其中隔片在支撐盤中之凹槽之間圍繞支撐盤而有角度地定位,使得彎曲表面與凹槽之側對準。
在另一實施例中,揭露一種用於可變速度滾動牽引傳動器之換擋機構,此可變速度滾動牽引傳動器具有縱向軸且其利用圍繞縱向軸以平面對準而分佈之多個傾斜滾珠,且每一滾珠藉由輸入盤以及輸出盤而在相反側上接觸,以控制傳動器之傳動比,換擋機構包括:管狀傳動輪軸,其沿縱向軸而延伸;多個滾珠輪軸,每一者延伸通過經由多個滾珠中之對應一者而形成的孔且形成彼滾珠進行自旋所圍繞之對應滾珠之可傾斜軸,且每一滾珠輪軸具有兩個各延伸出滾珠之末端;多個支腳(leg),一支腳連接至滾珠輪軸之每一末端,支腳朝向傳動輪軸向內徑向地延伸;惰輪,其具有實質上恆定外徑,惰輪圍繞傳動輪軸而同軸地並在每一滾珠內部且與其接觸而徑向地定位;兩個盤形換擋導引器,在惰輪之每一末端上各有一個,且每一者具有面向惰輪之扁平側以及背離惰輪之凸形彎曲側,其中換擋導引器徑向地延伸以接觸滾珠之對應側上的所有各別支腳;多個滾筒滑輪,每一支腳使用一個,其中每一滾筒滑輪附著至其背離滾珠之各別支腳的側;整體圓柱形滑輪架,其自至少一換擋導引器而軸向地延伸;多個導引滑輪(guide pulley),每一滾筒滑輪使用一個,此等導引滑輪圍繞且附著至滑輪架而徑向地分佈;以及可撓性繫栓,其具有第一以及第二末端,其中第一末端延伸通過輪軸且延伸出狹槽,此狹槽形成於最接近於滑輪架之輪軸中,繫栓之第一末端進一步捲繞每一滾筒滑輪以及每一導引滑輪,其中第二末端延伸出輪軸而延伸至換擋器,其中導引滑輪各安裝於一或多個樞接點上以維持每一導引滑輪與其各別滾筒滑輪之對準,且其中當藉由換擋器來拉動繫栓時,第二末端拉入每一滾筒滑輪以使傳動器換擋。
在另一實施例中,揭露一種用於可變速度傳動器之換擋機構,此可變速度傳動器具有縱向軸且其利用多個傾斜滾珠,每一者具有自各別滾珠中心之滾珠半徑,以控制傳動器之傳動比,此換擋機構包括:多個滾珠輪軸,每一者延伸通過經由對應滾珠而形成之孔且形成對應滾珠之可傾斜軸,且每一滾珠輪軸具有兩個各延伸出滾珠之末端;多個支腳,一支腳連接至滾珠輪軸之每一末端,支腳朝向傳動輪軸而向內徑向地延伸;整體圓柱形惰輪,其具有實質上恆定半徑,整體圓柱形惰輪在每一滾珠內部且與其接觸而同軸地以及徑向地定位;第一以及第二盤形換擋導引器,在惰輪之每一末端上各有一個,且每一者具有面向惰輪之扁平側以及背離惰輪之凸形彎曲側,其中換擋導引器徑向地延伸以接觸滾珠之對應側上的所有各別支腳;以及多個導引輪,其各具有導引輪半徑,每一支腳使用一導引輪,每一導引輪可旋轉地安裝於其各別支腳之徑向向內末端處,其中導引輪接觸其各別換擋導引器之彎曲表面,其中藉由一組二維座標來判定凸曲線之形狀,座標原點集中於縱向軸與經由任何兩個完全相反滾珠之中心而繪製之線的交叉處,其中座標將導引輪表面與換擋導引器表面之間的接觸點之位置表示為惰輪以及換擋導引器之軸向移動的函數,此假定凸曲線在接觸點處與導引輪實質上相切。
在再一實施例中,揭露一種汽車,其包括引擎、動力傳動系統(drivetrain)以及可變速度傳動器,此可變速度傳動器包括:縱向軸;多個滾珠,此等滾珠圍繞縱向軸而徑向地分佈,每一滾珠具有其進行旋轉所圍繞之可傾斜軸;可旋轉輸入盤,其鄰近於滾珠且與每一滾珠接觸而定位;可旋轉輸出盤,其鄰近於滾珠並相反於輸入盤且與每一滾珠接觸而定位;可旋轉惰輪,其與縱向軸同軸,具有實質上恆定外徑,並在每一滾珠內部且與其接觸而徑向地定位;以及行星齒輪組(planetary gear set),其圍繞傳動器之縱向軸而同軸地安裝。
在另一實施例中,揭露一種連續可變傳動器,其與電動馬達進行整合,電動馬達之定子附著至將功率傳送至惰輪之旋轉軸,且電動馬達之轉子附著至輸入盤。電動馬達之定子以及轉子在相反方向中旋轉,從而對輸出盤產生大的速度差分以及減速。
在另一實施例中,揭露一種連續可變傳動器,其與發電機進行整合,轉子之磁鐵附著至旋轉輪轂殼,且電定子附著至傳動器之非旋轉定子。當輪轂殼相對於定子而旋轉時產生電。
在另一實施例中,揭露一種連續可變傳動器,其與電動馬達進行整合,且接受來自外部扭力傳送裝置(諸如內燃機)之輸入。電定子附著至將功率傳送至惰輪之旋轉軸,轉子附著至傳動器之旋轉籠罩,且內燃機可操作地附著至輸入盤。此實施例之連續可變傳動器具有三個至滾珠中之輸入以及一經由輸出盤之輸出。
在另一實施例中,揭露連續可變傳動器,其與電動馬達進行整合,其中滾珠是由磁性材料所構造且擔當電動馬達之轉子。固定繞組圍繞滾珠且產生電,此電是經由傳動器之籠罩而加以導引。
在再一實施例中,揭露電動馬達/發電機之兩個替代設計,其旋轉連續可變傳動器。
在一態樣中,本發明是關於一種電動驅動器,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個速度調整器、與速度調整器接觸之第一盤以及與速度調整器接觸之第二盤,其中第一與第二盤在多個速度調整器之相反側上彼此相對地定位。此驅動器包括與速度調整器接觸之惰輪,惰輪在速度調整器內部徑向地定位。驅動器更包括耦合至電動驅動器之第一組件的多個磁鐵以及耦合至電動驅動器之第二組件的多個電導體,且其中多個磁鐵以及多個電導體經彼此相對地組態以充當電動馬達或充當發電機。驅動器可經進一步組態成使得多個速度調整器、第一以及第二盤、多個磁鐵以及多個導體可操作地耦合,以提供經由電動驅動器之至少一功率路徑(powerpath)。
在一實施例中,本發明關於一種電動裝置,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個滾珠、與滾珠接觸之第一盤以及與滾珠接觸之第二盤,其中第一與第二盤在多個滾珠之相反側上彼此相對地定位。電動裝置亦可包括與滾珠接觸之惰輪,惰輪在滾珠內部徑向地定位。電動裝置可具備經組態以圍繞軸而旋轉之電定子,其中電定子直接耦合至第一盤、第二盤或惰輪中之一者。電動裝置可包括經組態以圍繞軸而旋轉之電轉子,其中電定子直接耦合至第一盤、第二盤或惰輪中之一者。在一應用中,電定子以及電轉子經彼此相對地組態以共同充當電動馬達或充當發電機。
在另一態樣中,本發明是關於一種電動傳動器,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地組態之多個滾珠、與滾珠接觸之第一盤以及附著至第一盤之多個磁鐵。電動傳動器可包括:惰輪,其與滾珠接觸且在滾珠內部徑向地定位;以及惰輪軸,其剛性地耦合至惰輪,其中惰輪軸以及惰輪經組態以相互軸向地旋轉以及平移。某些實施例中之電動傳動器包括經組態為繞組或線圈之多個電導體、以及耦合至電導體且經組態以將扭力傳送至惰輪軸之定子座架(stator mount)。
根據本發明之一態樣,用於電動裝置之惰輪軸以及定子座架總成包括惰輪軸以及定子座架。惰輪軸包括:第一孔,其用以收納至少一電導體;第二孔,其用以容納耦合至電導體之電插座(electrical receptacle);狹槽(與第一孔連通),
其允許電導體至惰輪軸之外側的通路。惰輪軸亦可具有用以收納多個軸承之第一多個軸向凹槽。定子座架可包括具有用以收納多個軸承之多個凹槽的孔,藉以定子座架能夠將扭力傳送至惰輪軸或傳送來自惰輪軸之扭力。定子座架經組態以支撐多個電導體。
在一實施例中,本發明關於一種用於電動傳動器之輪轂殼。輪轂殼可具有內徑、外徑以及環狀地耦合至輪轂殼之內徑的多個磁鐵。本發明之另一態樣是針對一種用於傳動器之換擋器。換擋器包括耦合至傳動器之固定組件的換擋螺桿、換擋螺帽、耦合至換擋螺帽之換擋環、定位於換擋螺帽與換擋環之間的換擋銷座架以及支撐於換擋銷座架中之多個換擋銷。換擋螺桿可包括用於收納換擋銷之至少一狹槽,且換擋螺帽經組態以在換擋螺桿上軸向地平移,且藉此致動換擋銷座架以及換擋銷之軸向換擋。在一實施例中,本發明是關於一種用於具有多個速度調整器之電動裝置之定子板(stator plate)。定子板包括經組態以徑向地以及軸向地支撐多個速度調整器之多個凹形表面、經組態以有角度地支撐多個速度調整器之多個狹槽、以及用以支撐多個磁鐵之突起部。
本發明之另一態樣是關於一種電動裝置,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個功率調整器、用以徑向地以及軸向地支撐功率調整器之籠罩、耦合至籠罩之多個電線圈、可旋轉輪轂殼以及耦合至可旋轉輪轂殼之多個磁鐵。在又一實施例中,本發明是關於一種電動驅動器,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個磁化功率調整器、以及定位於功率調整器之間的多個線圈。在一實施例中,本發明是針對一種電動傳動器,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個整體環形電導體、圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個整體環形磁鐵、耦合至磁鐵之第一盤、圍繞軸且與第一盤接觸而有角度地配置之多個功率調整器、經組態以支撐電導體之定子座架、以及經組態以將扭力傳送至定子座架或傳送來自定子座架之扭力的惰輪軸。
在一實施例中,本發明是關於一種用於電動傳動器之電總成。電總成包括圍繞軸而有角度地配置之第一組整體環形磁鐵、圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個整體環形電導體、以及圍繞軸而有角度地配置之第二組整體環形磁鐵,且其中電導體定位於第一與第二組磁鐵之間。
在某些態樣中,本發明是關於一種機電傳動器,此機電傳動器包括:多個速度調整器,其圍繞軸而有角度地配置;惰輪,其與多個速度調整器接觸且在速度調整器內部徑向地定位;第一盤,其與速度調整器接觸;以及多個磁鐵,其耦合至第一盤。傳動器可包括用於自外部源將扭力傳送至第一盤之構件、經組態以徑向地以及軸向地支撐速度調整器之可旋轉籠罩、以及耦合至可旋轉籠罩之多個電導體。
本發明之一實施例是針對一種在機電裝置中傳動功率之方法。此方法包括在可旋轉軸上安裝電定子、在第一可旋轉盤上安裝電轉子、將惰輪耦合至軸以及將電功率提供至電定子。此方法可更包括傳動藉由定子與轉子之間的交互作用而產生之扭力,其中將扭力自定子傳動至軸,其中將扭力自轉子傳動至第一可旋轉盤。此方法亦可包括經由耦合至第一以及第二盤以及惰輪之多個速度調整器而將扭力傳動至第二可旋轉盤。
在某些實施例中,本發明是關於一種電動驅動器,其具有圍繞軸而有角度地配置之多個速度調整器、與速度調整器接觸之第一盤、以及與速度調整器接觸之第二盤。此驅動可具有與速度調整器接觸且在速度調整器內部徑向地定位之惰輪、以及剛性地耦合至惰輪之惰輪軸。驅動可包括經組態以徑向地以及軸向地支撐速度調整器之可旋轉籠罩、旋轉地耦合至籠罩之多個磁鐵、以及耦合至惰輪軸之多個電導體。
在另一態樣中,本發明是關於一種在機電裝置中傳動功率之方法。此方法包括在可旋轉軸上安裝電定子、在第一可旋轉盤上安裝電轉子、將扭力自軸傳動至定子以及將扭力自第一可旋轉盤傳動至轉子。在又一實施例中,本發明是關於一種傳動機電功率之方法。此方法包括提供可旋轉軸、將可旋轉軸耦合至電定子以及提供可旋轉籠罩,其中籠罩用以徑向地以及軸向地支撐多個速度調整器。此方法更包括將可旋轉籠罩耦合至電轉子。在又一態樣中,本發明是針對一種提供具有電功能性之傳動器之方法。此方法包括:提供多個磁化速度調整器,速度調整器圍繞軸而有角度地定位;以及提供定位於個別速度調整器之間的多個電導體。
在一實施例中,本發明是關於一種機電功率傳動之方法。此方法包括提供圍繞軸而有角度地定位之多個速度調整器、提供用以軸向地以及徑向地支撐速度調整器之籠罩、提供與速度調整器接觸之第一盤、以及提供與速度調整器接觸之第二盤。此方法可更包括提供與速度調整器接觸且在速度調整器內部徑向地定位之惰輪、以及提供耦合至惰輪之惰輪軸。此方法可更包括將多個電導體耦合至籠罩、速度調整器、第一盤、第二盤、惰輪或惰輪軸。此方法可更包括將多個磁鐵耦合至籠罩、速度調整器、第一盤、第二盤、惰輪或惰輪軸。
本發明之又一特徵是關於一種功率傳動之方法。此方法包括提供連續可變傳動器(CVT)、將電定子耦合至CVT之第一可旋轉組件、以及將電轉子耦合至CVT之第二可旋轉組件。本發明之另一態樣是關於一種機電裝置,其具有傳動器、經耦合以與傳動器之第一可旋轉組件旋轉之電轉子、以及經耦合以與傳動器之第二可旋轉組件旋轉之電定子。
當熟習此項技術者閱讀下列詳細描述以及觀看附圖時,此等以及其他改良對於熟習此項技術者而言將變得明顯易懂。
現將參看附圖來描述本發明之實施例,其中在整個圖中,相同數字指代相同元件。本文所呈現之描述中所使用的術語並不意欲僅以任何有限或限制性方式來解釋,因為其是結合本發明之某些特定實施例之詳細描述而加以利用。此外,本發明之實施例可包括若干新穎特徵,其中無單一特徵獨自負責其所需之屬性,或其對實踐本文所描述之本發明必不可少。
本文所描述之傳動器為利用具有傾斜之軸之速度調整器滾珠的類型,如美國專利6,241,636、6,322,475以及6,419,608中所描述,此等專利以引用的方式併入本文中。此等專利中所描述之實施例以及本文所描述之實施例通常具有一般藉由變速器部分而分離之兩個側,輸入側以及輸出側,以下將對此進行描述。為了便利起見,將傳動器之驅動側(亦即,將扭力收納至傳動器中之側)稱作輸入側,且將傳動器之從動側(或將來自傳動器之扭力傳送出傳動器之側)稱作輸出側。
輸入盤以及輸出盤與速度調整器滾珠接觸。當滾珠關於其軸而傾斜時,一盤上之滾動接觸點移向滾珠之極或軸,在此處其以減少直徑之圓而接觸滾珠,且另一盤上之滾動接觸點移向滾珠之赤道,因此以增加直徑之圓而接觸盤。若滾珠之軸在相反方向中傾斜時,則輸入以及輸出盤分別經歷逆關係。以此方式,僅藉由傾斜速度調整器滾珠之軸,可在廣泛範圍內改變輸入盤之旋轉速度與輸出盤之旋轉速度的比率或傳動比。
滾珠之中心界定傳動器之輸入側與輸出側之間的邊界,且本文通常藉由相同參考數字而描述位於滾珠之輸入側以及滾珠之輸出側兩者上的類似組件。位於傳動器之輸入以及輸出側兩者上的類似組件在其位於輸入側上時通常具有附著於參考數字之末端處的字尾“a”,且位於傳動器之輸出側上之組件通常具有附著於其各別參考數字之末端處的字尾“b”。
參看圖1,傳動器100之實施例經說明具有縱向軸11,多個速度調整滾珠1圍繞此縱向軸而徑向地分佈。某些實施例之速度調整滾珠1圍繞縱向軸11而停留在其角位中,而在其他實施例中,滾珠1能夠自由地沿軌道圍繞縱向軸11而運行。滾珠1藉由輸入盤34而在其輸入側上接觸,且藉由輸出盤101而在其輸出側上接觸。輸入盤34以及輸出盤101為環形盤,其自接近滾珠1之其各別輸入以及輸出側上之縱向軸的內孔延伸至徑向點,在此徑向點處,此等環形盤各與滾珠1進行接觸。輸入盤34以及輸出盤101各具有形成每一盤34以及101與滾珠1之間的接觸區域之接觸表面。一般而言,當輸入盤34圍繞縱向軸11而旋轉時,輸入盤34之接觸區域的每一部分會旋轉,且在每一旋轉期間順序地接觸每一滾珠1。此對於輸出盤101同樣類似。
輸入盤34以及輸出盤101可經成形為簡單盤,或可為凹形、凸形、圓柱形或任何其他形狀,此視所要之輸入以及輸出的組態而定。在一實施例中,將輸入以及輸出盤裝上輪輻以使其較輕以用於重量敏感應用。盤之滾動接觸表面(在此處其嚙合速度調整器滾珠)可具有扁平、凹形、凸形或其他成形輪廓,此視應用之扭力以及效率需求而定。凹形輪廓(在此處盤接觸滾珠)減少為防止滑動所需要之軸向力的量,而凸形輪廓增加效率。此外,滾珠1在其各別徑向最內層點上均接觸惰輪18。
惰輪18為整體圓柱形組件,其圍繞縱向軸11而同軸地停置,且輔助維持滾珠1之徑向位置。參看傳動器之許多實施例之縱向軸11,輸入盤34以及輸出盤101之接觸表面可自滾珠1之中心而向外整體徑向地定位,其中惰輪18自滾珠1而向內徑向地定位,使得每一滾珠1與惰輪18、輸入盤34以及輸出盤101進行三點接觸。在許多實施例中,輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18可均圍繞相同縱向軸11而旋轉,且以下更為詳細地對其進行描述。
在某些實施例中,由於本文所描述之傳動器100之實施例為滾動牽引傳動器的事實,所以需要高軸向力來防止輸入盤34以及輸出盤101在滾珠1之觸點處之滑動。當軸向力在高扭力傳送之週期期間增加時,接觸片(在此處輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18接觸滾珠1)之變形變為顯著問題,從而降低此等組件之效率以及使用壽命。可經由此等接觸片而傳送之扭力的量為有限的,且為製造滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18所用之材料之屈服強度(yield strength)的函數。滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18之摩擦係數對為傳送特定量之扭力所需要之軸向力的量具有顯著效應,且因此極大地影響傳動器之效率以及使用壽命。牽引傳動器中之滾動元件之摩擦係數為影響效能之極重要的變數。
可將某些塗層施加至滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18之表面以改良其效能。事實上,此等塗層可有利地用於任何滾動牽引傳動器之滾動接觸元件上,以達成對於本文所描述之傳動器之實施例所達成之相同的額外益處。某些塗層具有增加此等滾動元件之表面之摩擦係數的有益效應。某些塗層具有高摩擦係數且顯示可變摩擦係數,其隨著軸向力增加而增加。高摩擦係數允許對於特定扭力需要較少的軸向力,藉此增加傳動器之效率以及使用壽命。可變摩擦係數藉由減少為傳送此最大扭力所需要之軸向力的量而增加傳動器之最大扭力額定值。
諸如陶瓷以及瓷金之某些塗層擁有極佳的硬度以及耐磨性質,且可極大地延長滾動牽引傳動器中之高負載滾動元件的使用壽命。諸如氮化矽之陶瓷塗層可具有高摩擦係數、隨著軸向力增加而增加之可變摩擦係數,且當以極薄之層而施加至滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18之表面時亦可增加此等組件之使用壽命。塗層厚度視用於塗層之材料而定,且可隨不同應用而變化,但對於陶瓷而言通常是在0.5微米至2微米之範圍內,且對於瓷金而言通常是在0.75微米至4微米之範圍內。
當滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18是由硬化鋼製成時,重要的是考慮用以施加塗層之製程,硬化鋼為本文所描述之傳動器之許多實施例中所使用的材料。用以施加陶瓷以及瓷金之某些製程需要高溫,且將降低滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18之硬度,從而損害效能且導致過早故障。低溫應用製程為所需要的,且若干者為可用的,包括低溫真空電漿(vacuum plasma)、直流(DC)脈衝式反應性磁控濺鍍(magnetron sputtering)、電漿增強型化學氣相沈積(plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition,PE-CVD)、不平衡磁控物理氣相沈積以及電鍍。電鍍製程由於其低成本且因為可產生定製浴來達成所要塗層性質而具吸引力。將滾動元件浸漬於具有共沈積無電極鎳之碳化矽或氮化矽或具有碳化矽或氮化矽之電鍍鎳的浴中為極適於大量生產之低溫解決方案。應注意,除了所提及之材料以外,還可使用其他材料。就此應用製程而言,部分包括於籠罩中、浸漬於浴中,且經搖動以使得溶液接觸所有表面。藉由組件浸漬於浴中之時間長度來控制塗層之厚度。舉例而言,某些實施例將使用具有共沈積無電極鎳之氮化矽而將組件浸泡四(4)個小時以達成適當的塗層厚度,但此僅為實例,且已知許多用以形成塗層以及控制其厚度之方式,且可在考慮到所要性質、所要厚度以及製造組件所用之基材或基底金屬而使用此等方式。
圖1、2以及3說明經護罩於箱體40中之連續可變傳動器100之實施例,此箱體保護傳動器100、包括潤滑劑、對準傳動器100之組件並吸收傳動器100之力。在某些實施例中,箱體蓋罩67可覆蓋箱體40。箱體蓋罩67整體經成形為盤,此盤具有經由其中心之孔,輸入軸通過此孔,且箱體蓋罩在其外徑處具有一組螺紋,此等螺紋旋擰至箱體40之內徑上之一組對應螺紋中。但在其他實施例中,可將箱體蓋罩67緊固至箱體40,或在箱體40中藉由扣環以及對應凹槽而固持於適當位置,且將因此無需旋擰於其外徑處。在利用扣件來附著箱體蓋罩67之實施例中,箱體蓋罩67延伸至箱體40之內徑,使得可使用以將箱體40栓至傳動器100所附著之機械的箱體扣件(未圖示)通過箱體蓋罩67中之對應孔。所說明之實施例的箱體蓋罩67具有圓柱形部分,此部分自接近其外徑之區域朝向傳動器100之輸出側而延伸以用於傳動器100之其他組件的額外支撐。在所說明之傳動器100實施例之中心處為多個滾珠1,其在形狀上通常為球形且圍繞傳動器100之旋轉的中心線或縱向軸11而實質上均勻地或對稱地徑向分佈。在所說明之實施例中,使用八個滾珠1。然而,應注意,視傳動器100之使用而定,可使用更多或更少之滾珠1。舉例而言,傳動器可包括3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或更多滾珠。多於3、4或5個滾珠之提供可更廣泛地分佈施加於個別滾珠1以及其與傳動器100之其他組件之接觸點上的力,且可減少為防止傳動器100在滾珠1接觸片處滑動所必需之力。具有低扭力但高傳動比之應用中的某些實施例使用具有相對較大直徑之很少滾珠1,而具有高扭力以及高傳動比之應用中的某些實施例可使用具有相對較大直徑之較多滾珠1。在具有高扭力以及低傳動比且高效率並不重要之應用中,其他實施例使用具有相對較小直徑之較多滾珠1。最後,在具有低扭力且高效率並不重要之應用中,某些實施例使用具有相對較小直徑之很少滾珠1。
經由穿過每一滾珠1之中心的孔而插入滾珠輪軸3,以界定每一滾珠1之旋轉軸。滾珠輪軸3為整體狹長軸,滾珠1在其上方旋轉;且滾珠輪軸3具有兩個末端,其延伸出經由滾珠1之孔的任一側。某些實施例具有圓柱形滾珠輪軸3,但可使用任何形狀。將滾珠1安裝成圍繞滾珠輪軸3而自由地旋轉。
在某些實施例中,利用軸承(未獨立說明)來減少滾珠輪軸3之外表面與經由對應滾珠1之孔之表面之間的摩擦。此等軸承可為任何類型之軸承,其位於沿滾珠1與其對應滾珠輪軸3之接觸表面的任何地方,且許多實施例將經由動態機械系統之設計中通用之標準機械原理而最大化此等軸承之使用壽命以及效用。在某些此等實施例中,徑向軸承位於經由滾珠1之孔的每一末端處。此等軸承可併入孔之內表面或滾珠輪軸3之外表面作為其座圈(race),或軸承可包括獨立座圈,其配合於每一滾珠1之孔中以及每一滾珠輪軸3上所形成的適當空腔中。在一實施例中,藉由至少在兩個末端處將經由每一滾珠1之孔擴展適當直徑而形成用於軸承之空腔(未圖示),使得可將徑向軸承、滾筒、滾珠或其他類型配合於且固持於因此所形成之空腔內。在另一實施例中,藉由諸如巴比特合金(babbit)、鐵氟龍(Teflon)或其他此材料之摩擦減少材料來塗覆滾珠輪軸3。
許多實施例亦藉由將潤滑油引入於滾珠輪軸3之孔中來最小化滾珠輪軸3與滾珠1之間的摩擦。可藉由壓力源而將潤滑油注入於滾珠輪軸3周圍之孔中,或可藉由形成於滾珠輪軸3自身上之旋條(rifling)或螺旋凹槽而將其拉入孔中。以下提供滾珠輪軸3之潤滑油的進一步論述。
在圖1中,滾珠1之旋轉軸經展示為在使傳動器進入高比率之方向中傾斜,其中輸出速度大於輸入速度。若滾珠輪軸3為水平的,亦即,平行於傳動器100之主軸,則傳動器100處於1:1之輸入旋轉速率與輸出旋轉速率比,其中輸入與輸出旋轉速度相等。在圖2中,滾珠1之旋轉軸經展示為在傳動器100處於低比率之方向中傾斜,此意謂輸出旋轉速度慢於輸入旋轉速度。為了簡單之目的,在圖2中僅給在使傳動器100換擋時改變位置或方位之部分編號。
圖1、2、4以及5說明滾珠1之軸如何可在操作中傾斜以使傳動器100換擋。參看圖5,在大多數實施例中通常為撐桿(strut)之多個支腳2附著至滾珠輪軸3並接近延伸超過經由滾珠1而鑽之孔的末端之滾珠輪軸3之每一末端。每一支腳2朝向傳動器100之軸而自其附著至其各別滾珠輪軸3之附著點向內徑向地延伸。在一實施例中,每一支腳2具有收納一滾珠輪軸3之各別末端的通孔(through bore)。滾珠輪軸3較佳地延伸通過支腳2,使得其具有超過每一支腳2而暴露之末端。在所說明之實施例中,滾珠輪軸3有利地具有同軸地且滑動地定位於滾珠輪軸3之暴露末端上方的滾筒4。滾筒4為配合於支腳2外部以及超過其之滾珠輪軸3上方之整體圓柱形輪,且圍繞滾珠輪軸3而自由地旋轉。滾筒4可經由彈簧夾或其他此機構而附著至滾珠輪軸3,或滾筒可在滾珠輪軸3上方自由地轉動。滾筒4可為(例如)徑向軸承,其中軸承之外座圈形成輪或滾動表面。如圖1以及7中所說明,滾筒4以及滾珠輪軸3之末端配合於由一對定子80a、80b所形成或在其中所形成之凹槽86內部。
圖5以及7中說明一實施例之定子80a、80b。所說明之輸入定子80a以及輸出定子80b通常為平行盤之形式,其在滾珠1之任一側上圍繞傳動器之縱向軸11而環狀地定位。許多實施例之定子80a、80b分別包括輸入定子盤81a以及輸出定子盤81b,其為具有多個縫隙之實質上均一厚度的整體環形盤,以下將對其進一步加以論述。每一輸入定子盤81a以及輸出定子盤81b具有面向滾珠1之第一側以及背離滾珠1之第二側。多個定子曲線82附著至定子盤81a、81b之第一側。定子曲線82為附著或附加至定子盤81a、81b之彎曲表面,其各具有面向滾珠1之凹面90以及背離滾珠1且接觸其各別定子盤81之凸面91。在某些實施例中,定子曲線82與定子盤81a、81b為整體。許多實施例之定子曲線82具有實質上均一厚度,且具有至少一縫隙(未獨立展示),其用以將定子曲線82相互對準以及附著且對準以及附著至定子盤81。許多實施例之定子曲線82或使用整體部分處之定子盤81a、81b包括接受扁平隔片83之狹槽710,其允許定子曲線82與定子盤81a、81b之進一步定位以及對準。扁平隔片83為剛性材料之整體扁平以及整體矩形件,其在輸入定子80a與輸出定子80b之間延伸且互連輸入定子80a與輸出定子80b。扁平隔片83配合於定子曲線82中所形成之狹槽710內。在所說明之實施例中,扁平隔片83未緊固或另外連接至定子曲線82;然而,在某些實施例中,扁平隔片83藉由熔接、黏著劑或緊固而附著至定子曲線82。
圖7中亦說明,至少在每一末端中具有孔之整體圓柱形形狀之多個圓柱形隔片84徑向地定位於扁平隔片83之內部,且亦連接以及定位定子盤81與定子曲線82。圓柱形隔片84之孔在每一末端處接受一隔片扣件85。隔片扣件85經設計以將定子盤81a、81b、定子曲線82、扁平隔片83以及圓柱形隔片84夾緊且固持在一起,其共同形成籠罩89。籠罩89維持滾珠1之徑向位置以及角位,且使滾珠1彼此相對地對準。
藉由自傾斜滾珠輪軸3之傳動器100之軸徑向地移出輸入側或輸出側支腳2來改變滾珠1之旋轉軸。當此發生時,每一滾筒4配合至凹槽86中且沿隨著凹槽86,其略大於滾筒4之直徑且藉由每一對鄰近定子曲線82之間的空間而形成。因此,滾筒4沿定子曲線82之側92、93的表面滾動(用於每一定子曲線82之第一側92以及第二側93),以維持滾珠輪軸3之移動平面與傳動器100之縱向軸11成直線。在許多實施例中,每一滾筒4在傳動器100之輸入側上之定子曲線82的第一側92上以及在對應輸出定子曲線82之對應第一側92上滾動。通常,在此等實施例中,傳動器100之力防止在正常操作中滾筒4接觸定子曲線82的第二側93。滾筒4在直徑上略小於形成於定子曲線82之間的凹槽86之寬度,從而在凹槽86之邊緣與每一對應滾筒之圓周之間形成小間隙。若輸入定子80a以及輸出定子80b上之相反組的定子曲線82處於精確對準,則滾筒4之圓周與凹槽86之間的小間隙將允許滾珠輪軸略微傾斜且變得與傳動器100之縱向軸11失準。此條件產生側滑,此為允許滾珠輪軸3橫向地略微移動之情形,其降低總傳動效率。在某些實施例中,傳動器100之輸入以及輸出側上的定子曲線82可相互間略微偏移,使得滾珠輪軸3保持平行於傳動器100之軸。藉由滾珠輪軸3、滾筒4以及定子曲線82之第一側92、93來吸收滾珠1可施加至滾珠輪軸3之任何切向力,主要為橫軸力(transaxial force)。當藉由改變滾珠1之旋轉軸而將傳動器100換擋至較低或較高傳動比時,位於單一滾珠輪軸3之相反末端上的每一對滾筒4藉由滾上或滾下凹槽86之各別側而沿其各別對應凹槽86在相反方向中移動。
參看圖1以及7,籠罩89可藉由一或多個箱體連接器160而剛性地附著至箱體40。箱體連接器160自扁平隔片83之徑向最外層部分整體垂直地延伸。箱體連接器160可緊固至扁平隔片83,或可與扁平隔片83整體地形成。藉由箱體連接器160之外部而概略地形成之外徑為與箱體40之內徑實質上相同的尺寸,且箱體40以及箱體連接器160兩者中之孔供給標準或專業扣件之使用,此等扣件將箱體連接器160剛性地附著至箱體40,因此撐緊籠罩40並防止籠罩40移動。箱體40具有供給箱體40至框架或其他結構體之附著的安裝孔。在其他實施例中,箱體連接器160可形成為箱體40之部分,且為扁平隔片83或其他籠罩89組件之附著提供位置,以動用籠罩89。
圖1、5以及7說明包括附著至每一支腳2之一對定子輪30的實施例,其沿接近側92、93之邊緣的路徑而在彎曲表面82之凹面90上滾動。定子輪30通常在滾珠輪軸3通過支腳2處之區域中附著至支腳2。定子輪30可藉由通過整體垂直於滾珠輪軸3之經由支腳2的孔之定子輪銷31或藉由任一其他附著方法而附著至支腳2。定子輪30同軸地以及滑動地安裝於定子輪銷31上方,且藉由諸如扣環之標準扣件而加以固定。在某些實施例中,定子輪30為具有安裝至定子輪銷31之內座圈以及形成滾動表面之外座圈的徑向軸承。在某些實施例中,一定子輪30定位於支腳2之每一側上,其中具有離支腳2之足夠間隙以在使傳動器100換擋時,允許定子輪30相對於傳動器100之縱向軸11而沿凹面90徑向地滾動。在某些實施例中,凹面90經成形為使得其圍繞藉由滾珠1之中心所形成之自傳動器100之縱向軸11的半徑為同心的。
仍參看圖1、5以及7,導引輪21經說明可附著至最接近傳動器100之縱向軸11之支腳2的末端。在所說明之實施例中,導引輪21插入於支腳2之末端中所形成的狹槽中。導引輪21藉由導引輪銷22或藉由任一其他附著方法而在支腳2之狹槽中固持於適當位置。導引輪21同軸地以及滑動地安裝於導引輪銷22上方,此等導引輪銷插入於導引輪21之每一側上之支腳2中所形成的孔中,且垂直於狹槽之平面。在某些實施例中,支腳2經設計以略微相對彈性地偏轉,以允許傳動器100之部分的製造公差。滾珠1、支腳2、滾珠輪軸3、滾筒4、定子輪30、定子輪銷31、導引輪21以及導引輪銷22共同形成圖5中所見之滾珠/支腳總成403。
參看圖4、6以及7中所說明之實施例,藉由旋轉定位於箱體40之外部的桿體10來致動換擋。利用桿體10來捲繞以及解開可撓性輸入電纜155a以及可撓性輸出電纜155b,其在相反各別方向中於其各別第一末端處附著至桿體10以及捲繞桿體10。在某些實施例中,當在圖6中說明桿體10時自右至左觀看時,圍繞桿體10而反時針捲繞輸入電纜155a,且圍繞桿體10而順時針捲繞輸出電纜155b。輸入電纜155a以及輸出電纜155b兩者均延伸通過箱體40中之孔且接著通過輸入可撓性電纜外殼151a以及輸出可撓性電纜外殼151b之第一末端。所說明之實施例之輸入可撓性電纜外殼151a以及輸出可撓性電纜外殼151b為可撓性狹長管,其朝向縱向軸11而向內徑向地導引輸入電纜155a以及輸出電纜155b,接著經由定子盤81a、81b中之孔而縱向地導引出,且接著再次向內徑向地導引,其中分別將輸入可撓性電纜外殼151a以及輸出可撓性電纜外殼151b之第二末端插入於以及附著至輸入剛性電纜外殼153a以及輸出剛性電纜外殼153b的第一末端。輸入剛性電纜外殼153a以及輸出剛性電纜外殼153b為電纜155a、155b所通過之不可撓性管,且自可撓性電纜外殼151a、151b之第二末端向內徑向地被導引,且接著經由定子盤81a、81b中之孔以及朝向接近惰輪18之剛性電纜外殼153a、153b的第二末端而縱向地引導電纜155a、155b。在許多實施例中,電纜155a、155b藉由習知電纜扣件或其他適當附著構件而在其第二末端處附著至輸入換擋導引器13a以及輸出換擋導引器13b(以下加以進一步描述)。以下將進一步論述,換擋導引器13a、13b沿縱向軸11而軸向地定位惰輪18且徑向地定位支腳3,藉此改變滾珠1之軸以及傳動器100之比率。
若使用者手動地或藉由電源或由其幫助而如圖6中所說明之自右至左地相對於桿體10之軸反時針旋轉桿體10,則輸入電纜155a自桿體10解開,且輸出電纜155b捲繞至桿體10上。因此,輸出電纜155b之第二末端將張力施加至輸出換擋導引器13b,且輸入電纜155a自桿體10解開相當的量。此朝向傳動器100之輸出側軸向地移動惰輪18,且使傳動器100換擋向低。
仍參看圖4、5以及7,所說明之換擋導引器13a、13b各通常為具有內徑以及外徑之環形環的形式,且經成形為以具有兩個側。第一側為整體筆直表面,其經由兩組惰輪軸承17a、17b而動態地接觸且軸向地支撐惰輪18,此等惰輪軸承各與各別換擋導引器13a、13b相關聯。每一換擋導引器13a、13b之第二側(背離惰輪18之側)為凸輪側,其自朝向換擋導引器13a、13b之內徑的筆直或扁平徑向表面14轉變至朝向換擋導引器13a、13b之外徑的凸曲線97。在換擋導引器13a、13b之內徑處,縱向管狀套筒417a、417b朝向相反換擋導引器13a、13b軸向地延伸,以自彼換擋導引器13a、13b而與管狀套筒417a、417b配合。在某些實施例中,如圖4中所說明,輸入側換擋導引器13a之管狀套筒具有其經鑽出以接受輸出換擋導引器13b之管狀套筒之內徑的部分。對應地,已移除輸出換擋導引器13b之管狀套筒之外徑的部分以允許彼管狀套筒417a、417b之部分可插入於輸入換擋導引器13a之管狀套筒417a、417b中。此對此等實施例之換擋導引器13a、13b提供額外穩定性。
圖4中所說明之換擋導引器13a、13b之截面側視圖展示:在此實施例中,背離之側的扁平表面14輪廓垂直於縱向軸11直至徑向點,在此處若滾珠輪軸3平行於傳動器100之縱向軸11,則導引輪21接觸換擋導引器13a、13b。自朝向換擋導引器13a、13b之周邊移出之此點,換擋導引器13a、13b之輪廓以凸形形狀而彎曲。在某些實施例中,換擋導引器13a、13b之凸曲線97不為半徑,而由多個半徑組成,或經雙曲面地、漸進地或以另外方式成形。當使傳動器100換擋向低時,輸入導引輪21a在換擋導引器13a之扁平14部分上朝向縱向軸11而滾動,且輸出導引輪21b在遠離縱向軸11之換擋導引器13b的凸形彎曲97部分上滾動。可藉由以公螺紋來旋擰輸入換擋導引器13a之管狀套筒且以母螺紋來旋擰輸出套筒13b之管狀套筒或反之亦然、以及將換擋導引器13a、13b旋擰在一起而將換擋導引器13a、13b相互附著。亦可將一換擋導引器13a、13b(輸入或輸出)按壓於另一換擋導引器13a、13b中。亦可藉由諸如膠質物、金屬黏著劑、熔接或任一其他構件之其他方法來附著換擋導引器13a、13b。
兩個換擋導引器13a、13b之凸曲線97擔當凸輪表面,每一者接觸以及推動多個導引輪21。每一換擋導引器13a、13b之扁平表面14以及凸曲線97接觸導引輪21,使得當換擋導引器13a、13b沿縱向軸11軸向地移動時,導引輪21在整體徑向方向中沿換擋導引器13a、13b表面14、97轉動,從而自縱向軸11徑向地推出支腳2,或朝向縱向軸11推進支腳2,藉此改變滾珠輪軸3之角度以及關聯滾珠1之旋轉軸。
參看圖4以及7,某些實施例之惰輪18位於換擋導引器13a、13b之第一側與套筒部分之間所形成的溝槽中,且因此與換擋導引器13a、13b一致地移動。在某些實施例中,惰輪18為整體管狀且具有一外徑,且沿其內徑之中心部分為實質上圓柱形,其中輸入惰輪軸承17a以及輸出惰輪軸承17b在其內徑之每一末端上。在其他實施例中,惰輪18之外徑以及內徑可為非均一的,且可變化或為任何形狀,諸如斜坡式或彎曲形。惰輪18具有兩個側,一側接近輸入定子80a,且另一側接近輸出定子80b。惰輪軸承17a、17b提供惰輪18與換擋導引器13a、13b之間的滾動接觸。惰輪軸承17a、17b圍繞換擋導引器13a、13b之套筒部分而同軸地定位,從而允許惰輪18圍繞傳動器100之軸而自由地旋轉。套筒19配合於傳動器100之縱向軸11周圍,且配合於換擋導引器13a、13b之內徑內部。套筒19為整體管狀組件,其藉由輸入套筒軸承172a以及輸出套筒軸承172b而與換擋導引器13a、13b中之每一者的內軸承座圈表面保持可操作的接觸。套筒軸承172a、172b藉由沿互補於換擋導引器13a、13b之座圈的外軸承座圈滾動而供給套筒19之旋轉。惰輪18、惰輪軸承17a、17b、套筒19、換擋導引器13a、13b以及套筒軸承172a、172b共同形成惰輪總成402(在圖4中可見)。
參看圖4、7以及8,某些實施例之套筒19具有其經車螺紋以接受惰輪桿體171之螺紋插入的內徑。惰輪桿體171為沿傳動器100之縱向軸11而定位的整體圓柱形桿體。在某些實施例中,惰輪桿體171沿其長度而至少部分地加以車螺紋以允許插入於套筒19中。面向傳動器100之輸出側之惰輪桿體171的第一末端較佳地旋擰通過套筒19,且延伸出超過套筒19之輸出側,在此處其插入於輸出盤101之內徑中。
如圖8中所說明,某些實施例中之輸出盤101通常為圓錐形盤,其經裝上輪輻以減少重量,且具有朝向傳動器100之輸出側而自其內徑軸向地延伸的管狀套筒部分。輸出盤101將輸出扭力傳送至驅動軸、輪或其他機械裝置。輸出盤101在滾珠1之輸出側上接觸滾珠1,且在除了1:1之比率下以不同於傳動器之輸入旋轉的速度而旋轉。輸出盤101用以導引以及將惰輪桿體171居中於其第一末端處,使得套筒19、惰輪18以及換擋導引器13a、13b保持與傳動器100之軸同心。或者,環形軸承可定位於惰輪桿體171上方、惰輪桿體171與輸出盤101之內徑之間,以最小化摩擦。惰輪桿體171、套筒19、換擋導引器13a、13b以及惰輪18經可操作地連接,且其在使傳動器100換擋時皆一致地軸向移動。
參看圖2,定位於輸入換擋導引器13a與定子80a之間的圓錐形彈簧133將傳動器100之換擋彈壓向低。參看圖1,接觸接近輸出盤101之周邊之軸承座圈的輸出盤軸承102吸收由傳動器100所產生之軸向力並將其傳送至箱體40。箱體40具有對應軸承座圈以導引輸出盤軸承102。
參看圖4、5以及7,換擋導引器13a、13b之軸向移動的限度界定傳動器100之換擋範圍。軸向移動受到換擋導引器13a、13b所接觸之定子盤81a、81b上的內面88a、88b的限制。在極高傳動比下,換擋導引器13a接觸輸入定子盤81a上之內面88a,且在極低傳動比下,換擋導引器13b接觸輸出定子盤81b上之內面88b。在許多實施例中,換擋導引器13a、13b之凸曲線97的曲率在功能上視自滾珠1之中心至導引輪21之中心的距離、導引輪21之半徑、在兩個導引輪21與滾珠1之中心之間所形成之線之間的角度以及滾珠1軸之傾斜角而定。以下關於圖25、26以及27而描述此關係之實例。
現參看藉由圖1、5以及7所說明之實施例,可藉由經由每一支腳2中之孔而插入之定子輪銷31而將一或多個定子輪30附著至每一支腳2。定子輪銷31具有適當尺寸以及設計以允許定子輪30在每一定子輪銷31上方自由地旋轉。定子輪30沿面向滾珠1之定子曲線82的凹形彎曲表面90滾動。定子輪30提供軸向支撐以防止支腳2軸向地移動並確保當使傳動器100換擋時滾珠輪軸3易於傾斜。
參看圖1以及7,鄰近於定子80a而定位之有輻輸入盤34部分地囊封但通常不接觸定子80a。輸入盤34可具有兩個或兩個以上之輪輻或可為實心盤(solid disc)。輪輻減少重量且幫助傳動器100之裝配。在其他實施例中,可使用實心盤。輸入盤34具有兩個側,與滾珠1接觸之第一側以及相反面向第一側之第二側。輸入盤34通常為環形盤,其在其內徑處同軸地配合於一組母螺紋或螺帽37上方且自一組母螺紋或螺帽37徑向地延伸。若所使用之箱體40為囊封滾珠1以及輸入盤34且安裝至剛性支撐結構116(諸如具有習知螺栓之底盤或框架,此等螺栓是經由箱體40上之凸緣中的螺栓孔而插入)之類型,則輸入盤34之外徑經設計以配合於箱體40內。如以上所提及,輸入盤34沿輸入盤34之第一側(面向滾珠1之側)之唇緣上的圓周斜坡式或軸承接觸表面而與滾珠1旋轉接觸。亦如以上所提及,輸入盤34之某些實施例具有一組插入於其內徑中之母螺紋37或螺帽37,且將螺帽37旋擰於螺桿35上方,藉此將輸入盤34與螺桿35嚙合。
參看圖1以及4,螺桿35附著至驅動軸69且藉由其而旋轉。驅動軸69為整體圓柱形且具有內孔、軸向地面向輸出側之第一末端、軸向地面向輸入側之第二末端以及整體恆定直徑。在第一末端處,驅動軸69剛性地附著至輸入扭力裝置且藉由其而旋轉,此裝置通常為齒輪、鏈輪或來自馬達之曲柄軸。驅動軸69具有自其第二末端延伸之軸向栓槽109,以嚙合以及旋轉形成於螺桿35之內徑上的一組對應栓槽。一組中心驅動軸斜坡99具有與驅動軸69上之栓槽109配合、藉由驅動軸69而旋轉且能夠沿驅動軸69軸向地移動的配合接腳(mating prong),此等中心驅動軸斜坡在第一側上通常為同軸地定位於驅動軸69上方之環形盤上的一組凸起傾斜表面。銷環195接觸中心驅動軸斜坡99之第二側。銷環195為剛性環,其同軸地定位於惰輪桿體171上方、能夠進行軸向移動且具有用以保持惰輪銷196與惰輪桿體171對準之橫向孔。惰輪銷196為狹長剛性桿體,其略長於銷環195之直徑,且經由惰輪桿體171中之狹長狹槽173而插入,且當其插入於銷環195之孔中時,在其第一以及第二末端兩者處延伸略超過銷環195。在使傳動器100自1:1換擋向高時不接觸銷196之情況下,當如圖1中所說明而觀測時,惰輪桿體171中之狹長狹槽173允許惰輪桿體171向右軸向移動。然而,當使傳動器100自1:1換擋向低時,狹長狹槽173之輸入末端上之側接觸銷196,其接著經由銷環195而可操作地接觸中心驅動軸斜坡99。當傳動器在1:1與低之間時,惰輪桿體171因此可操作地連接至中心驅動軸斜坡99,使得當惰輪桿體171軸向地移動時,中心驅動軸斜坡99協同惰輪桿體171而亦軸向地移動。中心驅動軸斜坡99之斜坡表面可為螺旋狀、彎曲、線性或任何其他形狀,且與一組對應中心軸承盤斜坡98進行可操作的接觸。中心軸承盤斜坡98具有互補於以及相反於中心驅動軸斜坡99之斜坡面。在面向傳動器100之輸出側的第一側上,中心軸承盤斜坡98面向中心驅動軸斜坡99,且藉由中心驅動軸斜坡99而加以接觸以及驅動。
中心軸承盤斜坡98剛性地附著至軸承盤60,其為經定位以圍繞傳動器100之縱向軸11而同軸地旋轉的整體環形盤。軸承盤60在其背離滾珠1之接觸軸承盤軸承66之側上具有接近其周邊之軸承座圈。軸承盤軸承66為軸承盤60之周邊處之環形止推軸承(thrust bearing),且定位於軸承盤60與箱體蓋罩67之間。軸承盤軸承66為軸承盤60提供軸向以及徑向支撐,且又藉由箱體蓋罩67上之軸承座圈而得以支撐,此箱體蓋罩與箱體40一起用以部分地囊封傳動器100之內部部分。
參看圖1,箱體蓋罩67通常為自驅動軸69延伸之環形盤,其具有自其周邊處或附近而朝向輸出末端延伸之管狀部分,且亦具有經由其中心之孔。箱體蓋罩67吸收由傳動器100所產生之軸向以及徑向力,且密封傳動器100,藉此防止潤滑劑逸出以及污染物進入。箱體蓋罩67為固定的,且在某些實施例中,藉由習知緊固方法而剛性地附著至箱體40,或可在其外徑上具有公螺紋,此等公螺紋與箱體40之內徑上之對應母螺紋配合。如以上所提及,箱體蓋罩67具有接觸接近軸承盤60之周邊之軸承盤軸承66的軸承座圈,其位於自箱體蓋罩67之管狀延伸部分之輸出末端的內部處。箱體蓋罩67亦具有面向接近其與驅動軸軸承104配合之環形部分之內徑而定位的輸出側之第二軸承座圈。驅動軸軸承104為組合止推以及徑向軸承,其將軸向以及徑向支撐提供至驅動軸69。驅動軸69具有形成於其面向與驅動軸軸承104配合之輸入側之外徑上的軸承座圈,其將由螺桿35所產生之軸向力傳送至箱體蓋罩67。輸入軸承105將支撐添加至驅動軸69。輸入軸承105同軸地定位於驅動軸69上方,且與面向傳動器100之輸入側之箱體蓋罩67之內徑上的第三座圈配合。將錐形螺帽106(具有經設計以為輸入軸承105提供運轉表面之軸承座圈的整體圓柱形螺紋螺帽)旋擰於驅動軸69上方,且支撐輸入軸承105。
參看圖1中所說明之實施例,通常形成圍繞縱向軸11之環的一組多個周邊斜坡61剛性地附著至軸承盤60。周邊斜坡61為多個傾斜表面,其圍繞縱向軸11而徑向地定位,且相抵於軸承盤60而定位或形成於其上,且面向輸出側。傾斜表面可為彎曲、螺旋狀、線性或另一形狀,且每一者形成產生經施加至多個斜坡軸承62中之一者之軸向力的楔狀物。斜坡軸承62為球形,但可為圓柱形、圓錐形或另一幾何形狀,且容納於軸承籠罩63中。所說明之實施例之軸承籠罩63通常為環形,其具有包括個別斜坡軸承62之多個縫隙。一組輸入盤斜坡64剛性地附著至輸入盤34,或形成為輸入盤34之部分。某些實施例中之輸入盤斜坡64互補於周邊斜坡62,其中斜坡面向輸入側。在另一實施例中,輸入盤斜坡64為徑向地對準斜坡軸承62以及使其居中之軸承座圈的形式。斜坡軸承62藉由滾上或滾下周邊斜坡61以及輸入盤斜坡64之傾斜面而回應於扭力之變化。
現參看圖1以及4,軸向力產生器160是由產生軸向力之各種組件組成,此軸向力經產生以及施加至輸入盤34以增加輸入盤34與滾珠1之間的法線接觸力,其為摩擦中輸入盤34用於旋轉滾珠1之組件。傳動器100產生充足軸向力,使得輸入盤34、滾珠1以及輸出盤101在其接觸點處不會滑動或僅滑動可接受之量。當施加至傳動器100之扭力的量值增加時,需要適當量之額外軸向力來防止滑動。此外,在低中比在高中或在1:1速度比下需要更多軸向力來防止滑動。然而,在高中或在1:1下提供太多力將縮短傳動器100之使用壽命、降低效率及/或需要較大組件來吸收增加之軸向力。理想地,當使傳動器100換擋時以及當改變扭力時,軸向力產生器160將改變施加至滾珠1之軸向力。在某些實施例中,傳動器100完成此等兩個目標。螺桿35經設計以及組態以提供與由周邊斜坡61所產生之軸向力分離且不同的軸向力。在某些實施例中,螺桿35產生比周邊斜坡61所產生之軸向力少的軸向力,但在傳動器100之其他版本中,螺桿35經組態以產生比周邊斜坡61所產生之力多的力。一旦扭力增加,螺桿35就略微較遠地旋轉至螺帽37中以將軸向力增加與扭力增加成比例之量。若傳動器100在1:1比率中且使用者或機車換擋至較低速度,則惰輪桿體171連同套筒19、套筒軸承172、換擋導引器13a、13b以及惰輪18朝向輸入側軸向地移動。惰輪桿體171經由銷196以及銷環195而接觸中心驅動軸斜坡99,從而導致中心驅動軸斜坡99朝向輸出側軸向地移動。中心驅動軸斜坡99之斜坡式表面接觸中心軸承盤斜坡98之相反斜坡式表面,從而導致中心軸承盤斜坡98旋轉軸承盤67且將周邊斜坡61與斜坡軸承62以及輸入盤斜坡64嚙合。中心驅動軸斜坡99以及中心軸承盤斜坡98執行扭力分割功能,從而將某些扭力自螺桿35換擋至周邊斜坡61。此增加經由周邊斜坡61而引導之傳動扭力的百分比,且因為周邊斜坡61為如以上所描述之扭力敏感型,所以所產生之軸向力的量增加。
仍參看圖1以及4,當換擋至低時,惰輪18朝向輸出側軸向地移動,且藉由接觸片中之力的反作用而被拉向低。惰輪18向低移動愈遠,則其被拉動得愈強。當換擋至高時,亦發生此“惰輪拉動”,其隨跨越接觸之法線力以及換擋角度之增加而增加。由於接觸片中起作用之橫向力的聚集而發生惰輪拉動,其效應稱作自旋。自旋發生於三個接觸片處,滾珠接觸輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及惰輪18處之接觸點。來自惰輪18與滾珠1之間的接觸處之自旋之合力的量值與滾珠1以及輸入及輸出盤34、101之量值相比為最小的。由於在惰輪18以及滾珠1介面之接觸片處所產生的最小自旋,對於下列解釋將忽略此接觸片。可認為自旋是輸入盤34與滾珠1處以及輸出盤101與滾珠1處之接觸片中的效率損失。自旋產生垂直於滾珠1以及盤34、101之滾動方向的橫向力。在1:1比率下,在輸入以及輸出接觸片處藉由自旋或接觸自旋而產生之橫向力相等且相反,且基本上抵消。在此條件中,於惰輪18上不存在軸向拉動。然而,例如,當使傳動器100換擋向低時,輸入盤34以及滾珠1處之接觸片移動更遠離於滾珠1之軸或極。此降低了自旋以及垂直於滾動方向所產生之橫向力。同時,輸出盤101以及滾珠1接觸片移動更接近於滾珠1之軸或極,此增加了自旋以及合成橫向力。此產生以下情形:其中在傳動器100之輸入以及輸出側上藉由自旋而產生之橫向力不相等,且因為輸出接觸上之橫向力較大,所以輸出盤101與滾珠1之間的接觸片移動更接近於滾珠1之軸。使傳動器100換擋至低愈遠,則接觸中在滾珠1上所施加之橫向力變得愈強。當換擋至高時,在滾珠1上藉由自旋而導致之橫向力在相反方向中施加力。附著至滾珠輪軸3之支腳2將拉力傳送至換擋導引器13a、13b,且因為換擋導引器13a、13b可操作地附著至惰輪18以及套筒19,所以將軸向力傳送至惰輪桿體171。隨著跨越接觸之法線力增加,接觸自旋之影響在所有比率下增加且效率降低。
仍參看圖1以及4,當使傳動器100換擋至低時,如圖1中所觀測,傳送至惰輪桿體171之拉力導致軸向力朝向左,此導致輸入扭力自螺桿35換擋至周邊斜坡61。當使傳動器100換擋至極低時,惰輪桿體171更強地拉動,從而導致中心驅動軸斜坡99與中心軸承盤斜坡98之間的相對移動,且將甚至更多之扭力換擋至周邊斜坡61。此減少經由螺桿35而傳動之扭力且增加經由周邊斜坡61而傳動之扭力,從而導致軸向力之增加。
現參看圖9、10以及11,揭露傳動器600併入電動馬達/發電機601(MG 601)。為了簡單起見,將僅描述傳動器100與傳動器600之間的差異。在一實施例中,MG 601為具有3個定子相位之8極無刷DC馬達。MG 601可包括在相反方向中旋轉之電定子682以及電轉子694。MG 601之速度經界定為電轉子694與電定子682之間的相對速度。在一實施例中,電定子682可操作地附著至惰輪18,其由於滾珠1之行星效應而使輸入盤34之旋轉反向;因此,惰輪18在輸入盤34之相反方向中旋轉。
電轉子694可由與輸入盤34相同之組件製成,或可被獨立地製造且結合至輸入盤34,此電轉子在某些實施例中為旋轉磁性鋼圓筒且剛性地附著至輸入盤34。在某些實施例中,轉子694利用永久磁鐵680,其圍繞轉子694之內徑而環狀地定位且附著至此內徑。在其他實施例中,由轉子694所產生之磁場使用一或多個電磁鐵。
電定子682包括線圈684,其捲繞剛性地附著至定子座架630之多個疊層686。在一實施例中,存在24個相同矽鋼疊層,每一者具有18個齒。定子座架630亦相對於轉子694以及磁鐵680而定位電定子682,且將連接電定子682之多個導線(未圖示)導引至電源。定子座架630藉由多個栓槽軸承636而可操作地附著至惰輪軸602。
惰輪軸602為長圓柱形軸,其定位於傳動器600之中心處、與縱向軸11重合且能夠進行軸向移動,以移動惰輪18且因此使傳動器換擋。電纜676容納MG 601之導線,此等導線是經由定子座架630自電定子682而加以導引,且終止於惰輪軸602內部之插座674處。在一實施例中,圓柱形插座674自電定子682之三個相位接受三條引線,且將三條引線導引至旋轉導體672。旋轉導體672(圓柱形組件)將來自插座674處之旋轉末端的電傳送至導體蓋罩668處之固定末端。在一實施例中,旋轉導體672為使用諸如汞之液態金屬以將來自旋轉末端之電流傳送至固定末端之類型。在另一實施例中,使用滑環(slip ring),但可使用任何其他適當方法。自導體蓋罩668延伸的為附著至馬達控制器(未圖示)之三條引線。馬達控制器附著至電源(未圖示)。
現參看圖9以及10,惰輪18定位於傳動器600之輸入側上。隨著惰輪18自傳動器600之輸入側移動至輸出側,輸出盤101之速度降低。此外,若MG 601以恆定速度而操作,則轉子694之速度增加,因為轉子694結合至輸入盤34且相對於電定子682以及惰輪18而以恆定速度旋轉。淨效應(net effect)為:相對於MG 601之速度,在所有比率中,於輸出盤101處存在顯著減速。
在許多應用(諸如電動機車以及工業驅動)中,需要自電動馬達至輸出裝置之rpm的降低以達成必要速度。與電動馬達601組合之傳動器600的另一益處為扭力之增加,其等於速度降低之反量。此允許顯著較小之MG 601以產生用於特定應用之所需扭力。將傳動器600與MG 601組合之其他益處包括共用軸、箱體以及軸承。再一益處為:在許多高扭力應用中,輸入盤34是由磁性鋼製成,且當將輸入盤34以及轉子694製造為一部分時,圍繞磁鐵680之磁性鋼的額外重量以及成本得以消除。又一益處為使用傳動器600中之相同流體而對電定子682進行液冷之潛能。在電定子682上沈積相同液體提供了經由MG 601而放入顯著更多功率之機會。在某些實施例中,經液冷之MG 601可利用傳動器600中所使用之相同流體、泵、軟管以及密封件。另一益處為:與三個獨立裝置相比,傳動器600、MG 601以及減速器之尺寸以及重量在其被組合為一單元時減少。較小之尺寸以及重量降低了慣性,且允許傳動器600以及MG 601配合於比另外需要之空間更小的空間中。在電動機車中,較小之尺寸以及重量為電池或燃料電池提供更多空間。
再一益處為習知電動力傳動系統中將馬達鏈接至傳動器至減速器之耦合器以及軸的消除。另一益處為自減少所需數目之軸承以及消除馬達、傳動器與減速器之間的軸失準所獲得之增加的效率。又一益處得自不存在至MG 601、傳動器600或減速器中之機械輸入的事實。此為創造性動力傳動系統設計(包括多個輸入以及輸出)提供了機會。
仍參看圖9以及10,轉子694具有在傳動器600之輸入側上附著至其之側蓋罩612,此側蓋罩可使用標準扣件而剛性地固定至轉子694。側蓋罩612為盤形組件,其在一實施例中是由鋼製成,但可使用其他材料。側蓋罩612用以包括潤滑劑、冷卻流體,且保護以及包括傳動器600之組件。在傳動器600之輸出側上,末端蓋罩658附著至轉子694。末端蓋罩658可使用標準扣件而剛性地固定至轉子694,且在一實施例中,其由鋼所構造,但可使用其他材料。
可支撐徑向負載且在某些實施例中可支撐軸向負載之輸出盤軸承605圍繞輸出盤101之外徑且在末端蓋罩658之孔內部而定位,且允許輸出盤101與末端蓋罩658之間的相對移動。圍繞惰輪軸602且在側蓋罩612之孔內部而定位之蓋罩軸承626供給轉子694與惰輪軸602之間的相對移動,且可支撐徑向負載且在某些實施例中可支撐軸向負載。用以防止側蓋罩612之軸向移動的止推軸承624定位於側蓋罩612與蓋罩墊圈628之間。
蓋罩墊圈628剛性地附著至換擋螺桿622(固定件),其可藉由標準扣件而安裝至剛性非移動結構,諸如框架或底盤,此結構能夠抵擋經由傳動器600而傳送之最高扭力。將換擋螺帽621旋擰於換擋螺桿622上方,且換擋螺帽621之旋轉導致惰輪軸602軸向地移動,從而使傳動器600換擋。換擋螺帽621為整體環形組件,其旋擰於其中心中之孔處且不經歷高扭力。在某些實施例中,換擋螺帽621是由鋁所構造,但可使用包括塑膠以及鋼之其他材料。
在所示之實施例中,手動地使傳動器600換擋,但可使用旋轉組件(電動馬達)之離心力或其他適當方法而自動地使傳動器600換擋。一或多個手柄618可附著至換擋螺帽621,使得使用者可更容易旋轉換擋螺帽621。換擋螺帽621藉由標準扣件而附著至在中心具有孔之盤形換擋環620。在一實施例中,換擋環620是由與換擋螺帽621相同之材料所構造,但可使用其他材料。換擋螺帽621以及換擋環620包括兩個換擋軸承652a、652b,其在換擋螺帽621以及換擋環620相對於銷座架650而旋轉時最小化摩擦。
銷座架650為在中心處具有孔之盤形組件,此孔在換擋螺桿622上方提供間隙。銷座架650軸與縱向軸11同心,且藉由換擋螺帽621以及換擋環620中之埋頭孔(counterbore)而對準。銷座架650具有自其中心徑向地延伸的分開180度之兩個螺紋孔,但可使用更少或更多螺紋孔。兩個換擋銷616a、616b為螺紋銷,其經由換擋螺桿622中之狹槽而延伸至銷座架650之孔中,且延伸至換擋螺桿622之孔中,此等換擋銷在一實施例中經旋擰至銷座架650之螺紋孔中,但亦可使用任一其他適當方法來按壓、熔接或插入。換擋銷616a、616b接觸兩個銷軸承654a、654b,其定位於惰輪軸602上方以及換擋螺桿622之孔內部。銷軸承654a、654b提供旋轉惰輪軸602與換擋銷616a、616b之間的相對移動,且吸收自使傳動器600換擋而發生之止推負載。
仍參看圖9以及10,定子軸承614定位於輸入定子80a之孔中以及圍繞惰輪軸602,以允許惰輪軸602與輸入定子80a之間的軸向移動且以抵擋徑向負載。在惰輪軸602之輸出側上,軸軸承610定位於惰輪軸602上方以及定子撐臂608之孔內部。在某些實施例中,軸軸承610為滾針(needle roller)或圓柱形滾筒軸承,其中滾筒接觸惰輪軸602之硬化以及拋光區域。此允許惰輪軸602以最小摩擦相對於軸軸承610而軸向地移動。定子撐臂608為整體圓柱形組件,其在某些實施例中是由硬化鋼製成,但可使用任何適當材料。在第一末端處,定子撐臂608藉由標準扣件而剛性地附著至籠罩89,但可將定子撐臂608熔接、按壓於籠罩89之孔中或與籠罩89整體形成。在第二末端處,定子撐臂608剛性地附著至固定結構,諸如框架或底盤。為了提供定子撐臂608與輸出盤101之間的相對移動,將一或多個撐臂軸承604a、604b定位於定子撐臂608之外徑上方以及輸出盤101之孔內部。撐臂軸承604a、604b亦支撐徑向負載且在某些實施例中支撐軸向負載。
現參看圖11、15、16以及17,其描述惰輪軸602與電定子682之間的扭力傳送方法。惰輪軸602可由經設計以抵擋傳動器600之扭力以及速度之任何適當材料所構造,且在某些實施例中使用硬化鋼,但亦可使用軟鋼、鋁、鈦、碳纖維。惰輪軸602使一或多個軸凹槽634形成至其外徑中,軸凹槽634為平行於惰輪軸602軸且在某些實施例中具有略大於栓槽軸承636之半徑的整體縱向凹槽。在某些實施例中,栓槽軸承636為整體球形滾動元件,其在電定子682與惰輪軸602之間傳送扭力。栓槽軸承636可由硬化鋼或其他適當材料製成。所使用之栓槽軸承636之數目以及尺寸視必須被傳送之扭力的量、軸凹槽634之半徑與長度以及傳動器600之尺寸而定。
形成至定子座架630之內徑中的為一或多個座架凹槽632,其在某些實施例中與軸凹槽634相同,但在其他實施例中可較長或較短,且亦使用不同半徑。在某些實施例中,栓槽軸承636經定位以使得每一栓槽軸承636之中心在軸凹槽634與座架凹槽632兩者之徑向深度之間的中部。栓槽軸承636具有自居中特徵,此在於其正切地滾上軸凹槽634以及座架凹槽632之兩者半徑相等的量。當使用兩個或兩個以上之軸凹槽634以及座架凹槽632時,且當其有角度地等距離定位時,栓槽軸承636將相對於惰輪軸602而使電定子682居中。在某些實施例中,為栓槽軸承636提供少量間隙以允許發生自居中且幫助裝配。若提供少量間隙,則在第一次使傳動器600換擋時,栓槽軸承636將亦將其自身定位於適當位置中。當使傳動器600換擋時,栓槽軸承636在惰輪軸602軸向地移動之一半距離處沿軸凹槽634以及座架凹槽632軸向地滾動。軸凹槽634以及座架凹槽632之長度應至少兩倍於栓槽軸承636之直徑的長度乘以每一軸凹槽634中之栓槽軸承636的數目。在某些實施例中,使用定子軸承614以及蓋罩軸承626來限制栓槽軸承636軸向移動。
現參看圖9、11、15、16以及17,其描述電導線至電定子682之導引。在某些實施例中,將三條電導線導引至惰輪軸602之軸孔638中,其中如先前所描述,旋轉導體672將非旋轉導線轉換成旋轉導線。將容納於電纜676中之導線導引至電纜管639中,電纜管639為惰輪軸602之中心中的空心盲孔,且接著通過軸狹槽635,其為沿形成自惰輪軸602之外徑至電纜管639之通孔之惰輪軸602的部分而軸向地延伸之狹槽。三條電導線(未圖示)接著送出電纜676,且分枝至定子座架630之導線空腔648內部之三個定子相位中的每一者。當惰輪軸602在換擋期間自輸入側軸向地移動至輸出側以及返回時,其交替地延長以及縮短連接至電定子682之導線。導線空腔648在換擋期間為電導線之所需額外長度提供空間。
為了幫助電導線之導引,將一或多個裝配孔646形成於定子座架630之外徑中,裝配孔646對導線空腔648內部之導線提供接取。此外,經由定子座架630之壁而軸向地形成之一或多個導引孔644幫助將三條電導線中之每一者導引至其各別定子相位。可使用裝配孔646或導引孔644來接取來自電定子682之電導線以及引線,使得可將導線以及引線拉動通過裝配孔646或導引孔644、焊接在一起、絕緣且接著再插入至導線空腔648中。在某些實施例中,將一或多個疊層螺紋孔642形成於定子座架630之徑向延伸壁中以將電定子682固定至定子座架630。
現參看圖9、10、11、18以及19,其描述電定子682以及轉子694。在某些實施例中,MG 601為併入鐵心之類型,且圖18中之類型之多個疊層686堆疊在一起,接著,導線線圈684在由狹槽690所提供之空間中捲繞於每一齒692以產生圖19中所見之類型的電定子682。在某些實施例中,使用18個狹槽690以及齒692,但可視應用而使用更少或更多之狹槽以及齒。在某些實施例中,使用每一疊層686中之疊層孔688而將電定子682固定至定子座架630。諸如機器螺桿之標準扣件是經由疊層孔688而插入,且經旋擰於定子座架630之疊層螺紋孔642中。
現參看圖9、10、11、18、19以及20,在某些實施例中,使用八個磁鐵680來產生八極電動馬達601,但可使用更少或更多之磁鐵680。磁鐵680為永久磁鐵類型且可由任何適當材料製成,包括硬肥粒鐵陶瓷、釤鈷以及釹硼鐵。磁鐵680具有在其外徑處匹配轉子694之內徑的半徑、以及在其內徑上之與轉子694以及電定子682同心的半徑。在某些實施例中,磁鐵680與電定子682之間的距離盡可能地小,以最大化磁通量且因此最大化由MG 601所產生之扭力。一半之磁鐵680經磁化成使得極性自南至北徑向地延伸,且剩餘之磁鐵680具有自北至南徑向地延伸之極性。磁鐵680經配置成使得每隔一磁鐵680具有相同極性。為了幫助熱消散,形成於轉子694中之一或多個排氣孔609在不需要液冷之應用中允許空氣循環。在使用液冷或任何液體之應用中,消除排氣孔609。
現參看圖9、10、14以及15,其描述惰輪18以及相關部分。惰輪18儘管極類似於傳動器100之惰輪18,但不同之處在於其傳動功率。惰輪18藉由干涉配合(interference fit)、熔接、標準扣件、鍵(key)或任何其他適當方法而剛性地附著至惰輪軸602。惰輪軸承17a、17b供給惰輪18與非旋轉換擋導引器13a、13b之間的相對移動。換擋導引器13a、13b極類似於傳動器100之換擋導引器13a、13b,除了此等換擋導引器在其內徑與惰輪軸602之間形成有間隙,使得其不會碰撞旋轉惰輪軸602。
現參看圖9、10、21以及22,其描述換擋螺桿622以及相關部分。在某些實施例中,使用換擋螺桿622上之一或多個凸緣孔664而將換擋螺桿622剛性地附著至固定物件,但可使用用以將換擋螺桿622附著至剛性不旋轉物件之其他方法。由換擋螺桿622之內徑所界定的換擋孔660覆蓋且保護導體蓋罩668、旋轉導體672以及其他組件。換擋狹槽662形成於與凸緣孔664相反之末端處,且軸向地延伸以限制以及防止引線670旋轉,且允許引線670在使傳動器600換擋時軸向地移動。換擋螺桿622之換擋螺紋666可具有用以容納手動或自動換擋之間距以及尺寸,此視所需速度以及必須被克服之換擋力而定。在某些實施例中,螺紋之數目具有大於惰輪軸602之軸向移動的軸向長度,以改良裝配之簡易性且供給鬆動公差(loose tolerance)。
在某些實施例中,經由換擋螺桿622而形成兩個銷狹槽678a、678b,但可使用更多或更少之銷狹槽。銷狹槽678a、678b沿換擋螺桿622軸向地延伸,且具有至少與惰輪軸602能夠軸向地移動之距離一樣長的長度。銷狹槽678a、678b之寬度略大於換擋銷616a、616b之直徑以允許移動自由。銷座架650具有略大於換擋螺紋666之直徑的孔以提供間隙以及無限制移動。當使傳動器600換擋時,旋轉換擋螺帽621,此導致銷座架650軸向地移動。兩個螺紋銷孔656a、656b徑向地形成於銷座架650中,且在一實施例中分開180度。視傳動器600之尺寸以及扭力額定值而定,可使用更多或更少之螺紋銷孔656a、656b。將兩個換擋銷616a、616b旋擰於螺紋銷孔656a、656b中,直至其延伸超過銷座架650之孔且延伸至換擋孔660中。換擋銷616a、616b接觸兩個銷軸承654a、654b,其定位於換擋銷616a、616b之每一側上且供給惰輪軸602與換擋銷616a、616b之間的相對移動,以及吸收軸向力。銷軸承654a、654b可藉由標準扣件而固持於適當位置,且在一實施例中,使用保持環(retaining ring)並將其插入於凹槽中,此等凹槽形成於背離換擋銷616a、616b之銷軸承654a、654b之側上之惰輪軸602的表面中。
現參看圖9、10以及12,其描述用於許多應用之功率路徑,此等應用包括諸如機器人、混合機、鑽孔器、碾磨機、輸送機等之工業設備以及電動機車。因為轉子694以及電定子682以實質上恆定之相對速度在相反方向中旋轉,所以電動馬達601之兩組件均將功率輸入至傳動器600。來自轉子694之功率沿隨著傳動器600之周邊處的轉子路徑710,且朝向傳動器之輸出側軸向地行進,通過輸入盤34,且行進至滾珠1中。應注意,儘管在圖12之剖視圖的頂部僅繪製轉子路徑710箭頭,但轉子路徑710沿隨著圖12之剖視圖之底部的對稱且相同之路徑。來自電定子682之功率沿隨著定子路徑712,其始於電定子682,行進至惰輪軸602中,且朝向傳動器602之輸出側軸向地移動,接著經由惰輪18而徑向地移出,且移動至滾珠1中。應注意,儘管在圖12之剖視圖的頂部僅繪製定子路徑712箭頭,但定子路徑712沿隨著圖12之剖視圖之底部的對稱且相同之路徑。在滾珠1處,自轉子路徑710以及定子路徑712兩者所接收之功率合併,且將輸出功率傳送至輸出盤101,且經由減速路徑714而送出傳動器600,其中存在來自一在一方向中旋轉之輸出組件的功率。顯著地,自在相反方向中旋轉之轉子路徑710以及定子路徑712至單一減速路徑714所實現的減速亦產生扭力增加。扭力增加為減速之反量。
現參看圖9、10、12以及13,其描述圖12之反向功率路徑。若使圖12之功率路徑反向,則實現顯著的速度增加以及扭力減少。功率在輸出盤101處進入傳動器,且功率沿隨著增速器路徑724,從而朝向滾珠1自傳動器600之輸出側軸向地移動。功率進入滾珠1且接著分割至兩個組件中,反向轉子路徑720以及反向定子路徑722。沿反向轉子路徑720之功率進入輸入盤34,且接著朝向傳動器600之輸入側軸向地移動至轉子694。沿反向定子路徑722之功率進入惰輪18,且接著經由惰輪軸602而朝向傳動器600之輸入側軸向地移動,且移動至電定子682中。因為電定子682以及轉子694正收納機械功率,所以MG 601變為發電機,從而將機械功率轉換成電。MG 601可有利地用於需要速度增加之某些功率產生應用中,諸如風力機(wind turbine)。
現參看圖23以及24,其展示用於需要多個功率輸入之應用(諸如混合型機車)的功率路徑。為了簡單起見,將僅描述傳動器800與傳動器600之間的差異。在傳動器800中,磁鐵680附著至修改式混合定子802。混合定子802類似於傳動器600之輸入定子80a,但此外包括具有內徑之圓柱形定子突起部808,磁鐵680附著至此內徑。在傳動器800中,混合定子802以及籠罩89旋轉,且功率經由籠罩89而傳送至滾珠1中。在某些實施例中,混合定子802是由磁性鋼製成,而在其他實施例中,定子突起部808是由磁性鋼製成,而混合定子802之剩餘部分是由諸如鋁、鈦、非磁性鋼、塑膠或任何其他適當材料之另一材料製成。磁鐵680以及混合定子802包括混合轉子810。
如在傳動器600中,電定子682經由惰輪軸602而傳送功率且傳送至惰輪18中,且第三電源經由混合箱體804而進入。混合箱體804為類似於傳動器600之轉子694的旋轉整體圓柱形組件,且在某些實施例中,其是由相同材料製成。某些實施例中之混合箱體804使混合滑輪806附著至其。混合滑輪806附著至混合箱體804之輸入側上,且在某些實施例中,形成混合滑輪806以使得其與混合箱體804為一部分。在其他實施例中,混合滑輪806以及混合箱體804為兩個獨立部分,且混合滑輪806藉由干涉配合、熔接、鍵、銷或任何其他適當方法而附著於混合箱體804之圓周上方。在某些實施例中,混合滑輪806藉由鏈輪、齒輪或可將扭力傳送至混合箱體804之任何其他方法來替代。在某些實施例中,混合滑輪806藉由皮帶(未圖示)而連接至內燃機(未圖示)之軸上的滑輪。在其他實施例中,混合滑輪806可操作地附著至蒸汽機或任何其他扭力產生機器。
現參看圖23,其描述經由傳動器800之功率路徑。電定子682將功率輸入至混合定子路徑742,其穿過惰輪軸602,穿過惰輪18,且行進至滾珠1中。混合轉子810將功率輸入至混合轉子路徑744,其旋轉籠罩89且因此旋轉滾珠1,從而將功率輸入至滾珠1中。混合箱體804將功率輸入至箱體路徑740,其穿過輸入盤34且行進至滾珠1中。不同於傳動器100(其中籠罩89經固定且不旋轉),在傳動器800中不存在固定組件。輸出功率送出混合輸出746,其自滾珠1行進,穿過輸出盤101,且行進至外部組件(未圖示),諸如輪、驅動軸等。
仍參看圖23,某些實施例中之傳動器800可經組態為無限可變傳動器(infinitely variable transmission,IVT),其中速度比自前向連續地移動至零且移動至反向。若混合轉子810比輸入盤34旋轉得更快,則籠罩89以及惰輪18在相同方向中旋轉且產生IVT。應注意,輸入盤34、籠罩89以及惰輪18全部在相同方向中旋轉,而滾珠1在反向方向中旋轉。在典型的混合型機車中,內燃機將以顯著低於電動馬達/發電機之速度的速度而旋轉。在某些實施例中,內燃機附著至混合滑輪,其驅動輸入盤34,且混合轉子810附著至混合定子802,其旋轉籠罩89。隨著籠罩89之速度相對於輸入盤34之速度增加,傳動器800中之IVT的比率增加。然而,隨著作為滾珠輪軸3相對於縱向軸11之角度的伽瑪(gamma)改變,惰輪18之速度亦改變。因為MG 601以整體恆定速度而旋轉,所以相對於籠罩89之恆定速度的惰輪18之速度改變導致籠罩89之速度相對於輸入盤34之速度而變化。隨著籠罩89之速度增加或降低,其增加或降低傳動器800在其經組態為IVT時之比率。
在下列圖表中,伽瑪之各種角度展示了在籠罩89之速度經設計為比輸入盤34之速度快三倍時惰輪18之所得比率以及速度。此比率為輸出盤101之速度與輸入盤34之速度的比較。可看出,隨著伽瑪自-20伽瑪移動至20伽瑪,惰輪18之速度增加。此降低了籠罩89與輸入盤34之間的速度差分,從而降低IVT在反向中之比率。可藉由自惰輪18之速度減去籠罩89之速度來獲得因數。當伽瑪等於零時,藉由此因數除以其自身來獲得1之比率因數。此比率因數朝向負伽瑪降低且朝向正伽瑪增加。自-20至20之伽瑪用此比率因數除此比率提供了可被獲得之實際比率。
在下列圖表中可看出,實際比率在超速傳動(overdrive)中增加且在反向中降低。此對於混合型機車在其以公路速度而行車時是特別有利的,因為其增加了傳送裝置800可維持內燃機以及MG 601之最佳速度所達到之最高速度,其將功率分割至傳動器800中(此增加了效率),不存在輸入軸(此幫助封裝且供給可撓性動力系統設計),且最高速度組件(惰輪18)之速度降低(此亦改良效率)。其在反向中亦為有利的,因為在反向中通常不需要高速。此允許傳動器800可在所有伽瑪角度中加以使用,其覆蓋滾珠1以及惰輪18之所有可能表面,從而增加了傳動器800之使用壽命。另外,可單獨對內燃機或單獨對MG 601操作混合型機車,且維持經由傳動器800之可變速度。
現參看圖25-28,其描述傳動器850之發電機851。為了簡單起見,將僅描述傳動器850與傳動器600之間的差異。在傳動器850中,功率自圖25之輸入側(右側)上的鏈輪870進入,但在其他實施例中,可經由齒輪、滑輪或任何其他適當方法來傳送扭力。輸入盤34在圖25之右側上,且功率自輸入盤34行進至滾珠1而到達輸出盤101。在傳動器850中,存在單輸入以及單輸出,籠罩89經固定(不旋轉),且惰輪18不傳送功率但自由地旋轉。發電機851定位於旋轉輪轂殼872與非旋轉開槽定子858之間的傳動器850之輸出側上。
輸出盤101藉由干涉配合、熔接、標準扣件、鍵或任何其他適當方法而附著至輪轂殼872。在某些實施例中,將磁性鋼環856a附著至輪轂殼872以最小化磁場損失。在其他實施例中,輪轂殼872是由磁性鋼或其他磁性材料製成,且消除鋼環856a。在其他實施例中,接觸發電機851之輪轂殼872的部分是由磁性材料製成,而其他部分可由鋁、複合物、鈦或其他適當材料製成。
附著至鋼環856a的為多個磁鐵852。在某些實施例中,磁鐵852為圍繞傳動器850之縱向軸而徑向地定位的薄扁平組件。某些實施例中之磁鐵852為永久磁鐵,其在與縱向軸11同心之其內徑以及其外徑上具有半徑。在某些實施例中,第二鋼環856b附著至開槽定子858。在其他實施例中,開槽定子858是由磁性鋼或其他磁性材料製成且為實心的以最小化磁場損失。
附著至第二鋼環856b的為定子854,其由多個線圈862組成(在圖26中最佳看出)。線圈862圍繞傳動器850之縱向軸11且與其同心而徑向地定位。在某些實施例中,線圈862是由經捲繞以形成實質上梯形形狀之導線製成。在低功率應用中,可諸如在電路板上印刷線圈862。在其他實施例中,線圈862可由銅、銀、鋁或其他導電材料之薄片形成。在一實施例中,發電機851為具有三個定子相位之8極無刷DC發電機,但可藉由此項技術中已知之任何方法來設計發電機851以產生電。
現參看圖27以及28,其描述發電機851導線之導引。在形成於開槽定子858中之導線路線864中徑向地導引附著至線圈862之導線(未圖示)。導線自線圈862沿圓周行進,且在導線路線864中結合,其中向內且經由輪軸導線狹槽868而將導線徑向地引導至空心輪軸860中之孔866中。空心輪軸860、開槽定子858、鋼環856b以及線圈862全部為固定的非旋轉組件,且全部相互附著。導線接著穿過空心輪軸860之孔866,且在傳動器850之輸出側(左側)上送出。
現參看圖29以及30,其揭露傳動器600之替代馬達/發電機900(MG 900),其中滾珠1為永久磁鐵。替代MG 601或除了MG 601以外,還可使用MG 900。在某些實施例中,滾珠1是由諸如鍶肥粒鐵之燒結硬肥粒鐵陶瓷磁性材料製成,此材料針對其機械性質以及磁性質而得以最優化。硬肥粒鐵陶瓷磁鐵可達成接近硬化工具鋼之硬度,且此材料顯著輕於鋼。此外,可在燒結製程期間形成滾珠1中之孔。在其他實施例中,滾珠1可由製造極強永久磁鐵之稀土釹鐵硼製成。釹鐵硼材料針對其機械性質以及其磁性質而得以最優化且將其燒結。可將釹鐵硼磁鐵製造得極硬,具有類似於硬化工具鋼之硬度。由於釹鐵硼之腐蝕性質,所以在某些實施例中,釹鐵硼經受施加抗蝕塗層之最終製程。此塗層亦可為高摩擦塗層,其中使用諸如氮化矽之材料。此外,塗層可產生紋理化服務以增加滾珠1、輸入盤34、輸出盤101以及在某些實施例中與惰輪18之間的接觸片之摩擦。或者,可在釹鐵硼或硬肥粒鐵陶瓷之燒結製程期間形成滾珠1上之紋理化表面。
參看圖30,其描述在製造製程期間滾珠1上之磁北極914以及磁南極916的形成。在某些實施例中,滾珠1經磁化,使得北極914以及南極916之極軸910相對滾珠軸908不為90度,而有角度地偏移以最大化可定位於滾珠1之間的出線(coil out)902以及進線(coil in)904之面積,且以允許在換擋期間極軸906之位置的改變。在某些實施例中,磁軸906自極軸910有角度地偏移30度,但在其他實施例中,極軸906之角度可自極軸910而自5至45度變化。
參看圖29以及30,某些實施例中之北極914以及南極916僅在輸入或輸出側上旋轉。在圖30中,若北極914定位於傳動器600之輸入側上,則只要伽瑪維持於30度或更少,其將始終在輸入側上旋轉。類似地,南極916將始終在輸出側上旋轉。此提供用以最大化滾珠1之間的載流導體(current carrying conductor)之量的空間。兩組鄰近線圈(周邊線圈902a、902b以及內部線圈904a、904b)定位於滾珠1之間。周邊線圈902b以及內部線圈904b定位於傳動器600之輸入側上,使得北極914旋轉越過此等線圈902b、904b。周邊線圈902a以及內部線圈904a定位於傳動器600之輸出側上,使得南極916旋轉越過此等線圈902a、904a。
在某些實施例中,滾珠1以及線圈902a、902b與904a、904b經組態為無刷DC馬達或發電機,且因此電子地切換線圈902a、902b以及904a、904b之極性。若每隔一滾珠1經定位以使得遠離縱向軸11而徑向地定位其北極914,且剩餘滾珠1經定位以使得遠離縱向軸11而徑向地定位其南極916,則可因此控制每一線圈902a、902b以及904a、904b來吸引兩個滾珠1。每一滾珠1自其鄰近兩個滾珠分開180度而定位。每一線圈902a、902b以及904a、904b具有鐵心(未圖示),其類似於MG 601之電定子682中的疊層686。
現參看圖31-35,其展示對傳動器600之替代MG 950。為了簡單起見,將僅描述MG 950與MG 601之間的差異。MG 950之定子988具有整體環形形狀,且是由圍繞縱向軸11而徑向地排列的個別導體954組成。MG 950之環形形狀增加了表面積,同時允許定子988之每一側上之磁鐵970、972具有實質上相等的表面積。某些實施例中之導體954是由扁平銅薄片所構造,但可使用其他導電材料,包括鋁以及銀。薄片金屬之厚度視穿過導體954之電流量而定,但具有足夠厚度以維持其最終形成形狀。導體954可經壓印或另外經形成以產生朝向定子988之外徑而加寬的整體凹形形狀。導體954自接近定子988之內徑的整體軸向方向轉變至定子988之外徑處的徑向方向。
在某些實施例中,導體954之側產生等於360除以導體954之數目的角度。導體954具有縫隙以形成精確形狀且用於緊固之目的。座架孔962是用於將導體954緊固至定子座架968,在某些實施例中,此座架孔在孔中包括理頭孔以允許平頭螺桿之理裝式插入。在某些實施例中,使用銅平頭螺桿(未圖示)以將導體954附著至定子座架968。將銅平頭螺桿旋擰至端子960中,其導引電流以完成電路及/或連接定子相位。在定子988之周邊處,跨接孔(jumper hole)964形成於導體954中以用於跨接器956之附著,跨接器956載運電流且連接不鄰近的兩個導體954。在某些實施例中,跨接孔964經旋擰,且諸如平頭銅螺桿之載流螺桿經由跨接器而插入且經旋擰至跨接孔964中。在某些實施例中,導體突出部(conductor tab)966a、966b形成於在定子988之周邊處之導體954的轉角(corner)中。
現參看圖35,其描述定子988之電流路徑。定子988是由三個定子相位A、B以及C組成,但可使用更少或更多之定子相位。藉由在每一導體954上徑向地指入或指出之箭頭來表示電流方向。若電流朝向定子988之中心流入,則定子相位字母包括負號,例如,A-、B-、C-。在每一定子相位A、B以及C中,電流交替地使方向反向、切斷且接著再次接通。定子相位A中之電流向北流動,接著向南流動,接著切斷,接著向北流動,等等。在圖35中,定子相位A中之電流向北流動,定子相位B中之電流向南流動,且定子相位C為切斷。在相離三個導體954之相同定子相位中,每一跨接器956自導體954至導體954順時針地載運電流。在某些實施例中,使用24個導體954,但可使用更多或更少之導體954。24個導體954中之每一者佔據或佔用360度定子988之15度。在某些實施例中,使用12個跨接器956,但此數目隨定子相位以及導體954之數目而變化。存在附著至定子988之第一可見側之6個跨接器956、以及附著至定子988之第二背側(不可見)之六個跨接器。定子988之周邊外部的字母表示跨接器956在定子988之第二背側上的位置。在某些實施例中,跨接器956是由銅製成且增強了定子988之結構。端子960(圖31中所見)完成每一線圈之電路且連接定子相位。
現參看圖32,兩個夾環958a、958b附著至定子988,在某些實施例中,此等夾環為非導電環,諸如耐綸、另一塑膠或複合物。在某些實施例中,夾環958a、958b藉由諸如螺桿以及螺帽之標準扣件(其經由夾環958a、958b中之環孔986而插入)而相互連接,而在其他實施例中,夾環958a、958b藉由非導電螺桿而附著至定子988之相反側上的跨接器956。在其他實施例中,夾環958a、958b藉由將諸如耐綸螺桿之非導電螺桿旋擰通過夾環958a、958b中之環孔986且旋擰至導體954中之螺紋孔中而附著至導體954。夾環958a、958b將導體954固持於適當位置且增強了定子988之結構。
因為導體954不是導線,且因為定子988為結構型的,所以其不必藉由此項技術中所共用的樹脂或其他類似材料來浸漬。此允許轉子992之磁鐵可更為接近地定位在一起以最大化由MG 950所形成之扭力,且此降低製造定子988之成本。因為導體954通常粗於導線,所以可藉由導體954來載運更多電流,此允許藉由MG 950來產生更多扭力。由於MG 950中之導線的消除,所以消除了捲繞線圈之成本。用以產生繞組之工具加工較為昂貴,且消除了工具加工成本。
參看圖31以及32,其描述MG 950之磁鐵970、972。兩組磁鐵970、972(外部磁鐵970以及內部磁鐵972)定位於定子988之第一以及第二側上。在某些實施例中,內部磁鐵972、定子988以及外部磁鐵970具有截面輪廓,其具有同心半徑。磁鐵970、972圍繞縱向軸11而徑向地排列且形成環形形狀。磁鐵970、972經定位以使得面向定子988之表面自定子988為均一距離。此距離盡可能地近,但供給製造誤差以及公差,以確保磁鐵970、972不接觸定子988。在某些實施例中,存在八個外部磁鐵970以及八個內部磁鐵972,但可使用更多或更少之磁鐵。在某些實施例中,MG 950為八極無刷DC馬達,但可使用具有任何頻率以及任何數目之極的AC或DC馬達。
使用黏著劑或任何其他適當方法而附著至內部磁鐵972的為環形磁性內部鋼。內部鋼974亦可由其他磁性材料製成,且藉由干涉配合、熔接、標準扣件或其他適當方法而剛性地附著至轉子992。某些實施例中之定子座架968以及定子988裝配於傳動器600外部且在裝配期間經插入作為子總成。使用黏著劑或任何其他適當方法而附著至外部磁鐵970的為環形磁性外部鋼976。外部鋼976亦可由其他磁性材料製成,且在已裝配定子988之後插入於轉子992之內徑中。在某些實施例中,外部鋼976藉由經由轉子992中之箱體鋼孔而插入機器螺桿且將其旋擰至形成於外部鋼976之周邊中的螺紋外部孔978而剛性地附著至轉子992。
現參看圖36以及37,其描述對定子988之替代凸形定子994。凸形定子994另外相同於定子988,除了凸形導體996形成為凸形形狀,使得在最接近於凸形定子994之內徑的位置處,凸形導體996向內徑向地彎曲,且在凸形定子994之周邊處,凸形導體996在軸向方向中彎曲。形成磁鐵(未圖示),使得面向凸形定子994之表面自凸形定子994為均一距離。
現參看圖38,其揭露傳動器800之替代實施例。為了簡單起見,將僅揭露傳動器1000與傳動器800之間的差異。在傳動器1000中,磁鐵680附著至混合箱體804之內徑。輸入盤34剛性地附著至旋轉混合箱體804,混合滑輪806亦如此。電定子1022剛性地附著至替代定子1018上之替代突起部1020。替代突起部1020為圍繞且接近替代定子1018之內徑之周邊而定位的圓柱形突起。MG 1001在相同方向中且相對於輸入盤34而旋轉。當藉由諸如內燃機之外部源來旋轉混合箱體804時,籠罩89在相同方向中旋轉。
在某些實施例中,籠罩89以比輸入盤34更快之速度而旋轉,且因此產生IVT。可藉由設計MG 1001之頻率、極之數目以及定子相位來設定輸入盤34與籠罩89之旋轉之間的速度差分,以產生所要之速度差分。在某些實施例中,籠罩89經設計成以三倍於輸入盤34之速度而旋轉。可僅藉由MG 1001、僅藉由內燃機或同時藉由兩者來驅動傳動器1000。對於包括某些電動機車之應用,在起動時僅使用MG 1001。因為輸入盤34未旋轉,所以產生IVT。當僅籠罩89旋轉且輸入盤34固定時,可將傳動器1000無縫地換擋至前向或反向中。在僅藉由籠罩89而驅動之傳動器1000之比率中的某前向速度下,傳動器1000之輸出速度將等於在相同伽瑪下僅藉由輸入盤34來驅動傳動器1000時之輸出速度。在速度比相符之情況下,可關閉MG 1001,且可開啟內燃機。在此功率路徑中,若籠罩89未旋轉且輸入盤34在旋轉,則產生CVT。因為電定子1022固定且磁鐵680旋轉,所以MG 1001變為發電機,且在某些實施例中是用以給電池再充電。
增加經由傳動器1000之功率可藉由同時開啟MG 1001以及內燃機兩者來完成。當僅輸入盤34旋轉且籠罩89未旋轉時,當CVT在超速傳動中時,可在沿CVT之比率的任一點處開啟MG 1001。同時操作內燃機以及MG 1001兩者增加了經由傳動器1000之加速度以及功率。在某些實施例中,第二組磁鐵680(未圖示)附著至惰輪軸602以增加電動馬達1001之功率密度。在某些實施例中,附著至惰輪軸602之第二組磁鐵680具有比附著至混合箱體804之磁鐵680更少的極。在使用兩組磁鐵680之實施例中,將複合電流發送至電定子1022。
仍參看圖38,其將描述經由傳動器1000之功率的路徑。藉由始於電定子1022之內徑且穿過替代定子1018、穿過籠罩89並行進至滾珠1中之箭頭來表示經由籠罩路徑1010的功率。來自磁鐵路徑1012之功率始於磁鐵680,繼續通過混合箱體804,通過輸入盤34,且到達滾珠1中。來自諸如內燃機之外部源的功率始於混合滑輪806路徑1014,繼續通過混合箱體804,通過輸入盤34,且到達滾珠1中。輸出功率自滾珠1流動,通過輸出盤101,且經由功率路徑1016而流至外部驅動組件,諸如驅動軸或輪。
傳動器600在與MG 601組合時允許許多功率路徑設計。下列圖表列出了四百一十個功率路徑。自1至410對路徑進行編號。可傳送功率之傳動器600之組件為籠罩89、輸入盤34、輸出盤101、惰輪18以及滾珠1。籠罩34以及惰輪18可同時既為輸入又為輸出,因為其可經設計以經由輸出側而自傳動器600之輸入側延伸。在籠罩89或惰輪18既為輸入又為輸出之功率路徑中,其是以術語“In/Out”來表示。滾珠1可僅為中間扭力傳送組件或用作輸入,諸如在滾珠1為磁鐵以及為MG900之部分的情況下。若功率傳送組件為輸入(亦即,其接收進入傳動器600之功率),則其是以術語“In”來表示,且若其將功率傳送出傳動器,則其是以術語“Out”來表示。若功率傳送組件不傳送功率且能夠自由地旋轉,則其是以術語“Free”來表示,且若其固定,則其是以術語“Fix”來表示。
以下為籠罩89固定時之功率路徑。
以下為輸入盤34固定時之功率路徑。
以下為輸出盤101固定時之功率路徑。
以下為惰輪18固定時之功率路徑。
以下為無功率傳送組件固定時之功率路徑。
以下為無組件固定之情況下的功率路徑,且輸入是經由滾珠1。
1...滾珠
2...支腳
3...滾珠輪軸
4...滾筒
10...桿體
11...縱向軸
13A...輸入換擋導引器
13B...輸出換擋導引器
14...筆直或扁平徑向表面
17A...惰輪軸承
17B...惰輪軸承
18...惰輪
19...套筒
21...導引輪
22...導引輪銷
30...定子輪
31...定子輪銷
34...有輻輸入盤
35...螺桿
37...母螺紋/螺帽
40...箱體
60...軸承盤
61...周邊斜坡
62...斜坡軸承
63...軸承籠罩
64...輸入盤斜坡
66...軸承盤軸承
67...箱體蓋罩
69...驅動軸
80a...輸入定子
80b...輸出定子
81A...輸入定子盤
81B...輸出定子盤
82...定子曲線
83...扁平隔片
84...圓柱形隔片
85...隔片扣件
86...凹槽
88A...內面
89...籠罩
90...凹面
91...凸面
92...第一側
93...第二側
97...凸曲線
98...中心軸承盤斜坡
99...中心驅動軸斜坡
100...傳動器
101...輸出盤
102...輸出盤軸承
104...驅動軸軸承
105...輸入軸承
106...錐形螺帽
109...軸向栓槽
116...剛性支撐結構
133...圓錐形彈簧
151A...輸入可撓性電纜外殼
151B...輸出可撓性電纜外殼
153A...輸入剛性電纜外殼
153B...輸出剛性電纜外殼
155A...輸入電纜
155B...輸出電纜
160...軸向力產生器
171...惰輪桿體
172A...輸入套筒軸承
172B...輸出套筒軸承
173...狹長狹槽
195...銷環
196...惰輪銷
402...惰輪總成
403...滾珠/支腳總成
417A...縱向管狀套筒
417B...縱向管狀套筒
600...傳動器
601...電動馬達/發電機
602...惰輪軸
604a...撐臂軸承
604b...撐臂軸承
605...輸出盤軸承
608...定子撐臂
609...排氣孔
610...軸軸承
612...側蓋罩
614...定子軸承
616a...換擋銷
616b...換擋銷
618...手柄
620...盤形換擋環
621...換擋螺帽
622...換擋螺桿
624...止推軸承
626...蓋罩軸承
628...蓋罩墊圈
630...定子座架
632...座架凹槽
634...軸凹槽
635...軸狹槽
636...栓槽軸承
638...軸孔
639...電纜管
642...疊層螺紋孔
644...導引孔
646...裝配孔
648...導線空腔
650...銷座架
652a...換擋軸承
652b...換擋軸承
654a...銷軸承
654b...銷軸承
656A...螺紋銷孔
656B...螺紋銷孔
658...末端蓋罩
660...換擋孔
662...換擋狹槽
664...凸緣孔
666...換擋螺紋
668...導體蓋罩
670...引線
672...旋轉導體
674...插座
676...電纜
678A...銷狹槽
678B...銷狹槽
680...磁鐵
682...電定子
684...線圈
686...疊層
688...疊層孔
690...狹槽
692...齒
694...轉子
710...轉子路徑
712...定子路徑
714...減速路徑
720...反向轉子路徑
722...反向定子路徑
724...增速器路徑
740...箱體路徑
742...混合定子路徑
744...混合轉子路徑
746...混合輸出
800...傳動器
802...混合定子
804...混合箱體
806...混合滑輪
808...圓柱形定子突起部
810...混合轉子
850...傳動器
851...發電機
852...磁鐵
854...定子
856a...磁性鋼環
856b...第二鋼環
858...開槽定子
860...空心輪軸
862...線圈
864...導線路線
866...孔
868...輪軸導線狹槽
870...鏈輪
872...旋轉輪轂殼
900...替代馬達/發電機
902a...周邊線圈
902b...周邊線圈
904a...內部線圈
904b...內部線圈
906...極軸
908...滾珠軸
910...極軸
914...北極
916...南極
950...替代馬達/發電機
954...導體
956...跨接器
958a...夾環
958b...夾環
960...端子
962...座架孔
964...跨接孔
966A...導體突出部
966B...導體突出部
968...定子座架
970...外部磁鐵
972...內部磁鐵
974...環形磁性內部鋼
976...環形磁性外部鋼
978...螺紋外部孔
986...環孔
988...定子
992...轉子
994...替代凸形定子
996...凸形導體
1000...傳動器
1001...替代馬達/發電機
1010...籠罩路徑
1012...磁鐵路徑
1014...路徑
1016...功率路徑
1018...替代定子
1020...替代突起部
1022...電定子
圖1為經換擋至高之傳動器之實施例的剖面側視圖。
圖2為圖1之經換擋至低之傳動器的剖面側視圖。
圖3為在圖1之線III-III上所取之傳動器的部分末端截面圖。
圖4為圖1之傳動器之惰輪以及斜坡子總成的示意性剖面側視圖。
圖5為圖1之傳動器之滾珠子總成的示意性透視圖。
圖6為圖1之傳動器之換擋桿體子總成的示意圖。
圖7為圖1之傳動器之籠罩子總成的示意性剖面側視圖。
圖8為圖1之傳動器之輸出盤的剖面側視圖。
圖9為圖1之具有整合電動馬達之傳動器之替代實施例的剖面側視圖。
圖10為圖9之傳動器之部分剖面透視圖。
圖11為圖9之在圖9之線III-III上所取之傳動器的剖面端視圖。
圖12展示圖9之傳動器之電以及機械功率路徑。
圖13展示圖9之傳動器之電以及機械功率路徑的反向。
圖14為圖9之傳動器之惰輪總成的部分剖面側視圖。
圖15為圖9之傳動器之惰輪總成的部分示意性透視圖。
圖16為圖9之傳動器之栓槽總成的部分剖面透視圖。
圖17為圖9之傳動器之定子座架的透視圖。
圖18為圖9之傳動器之疊層的透視圖。
圖19為圖9之傳動器之繞組的透視圖。
圖20為圖9之傳動器之轉子的透視圖。
圖21為圖9之傳動器之換擋螺桿的透視圖。
圖22為圖9之傳動器之部分換擋器總成的透視圖。
圖23為可經由三個路徑而收納輸入功率之傳動器的剖面側視圖。
圖24為圖23之傳動器之轉子的剖面透視圖。
圖25為具有整合發電機之傳動器的剖面側視圖。
圖26為圖25之傳動器之發電機的透視示意圖。
圖27為圖25之傳動器之定子的透視圖。
圖28為圖25之傳動器之輪軸的透視圖。
圖29為圖9之具有整合電動馬達之傳動器的透視示意圖。
圖30為圖29之馬達之滾珠之磁極的草圖。
圖31為圖9之傳動器之替代電動馬達的剖面側視圖。
圖32為圖31之電動馬達之轉子以及定子的透視圖。
圖33為圖31之電動馬達之導體的透視圖。
圖34為圖31之電動馬達之定子的透視圖。
圖35為展示電流路徑之圖31之電動馬達之定子的示意性端視圖。
圖36為圖31之電動馬達之導體的替代實施例。
圖37為圖31之電動馬達之定子的替代實施例。
圖38為圖23之傳動器之替代實施例的剖面側視圖。
1...滾珠
3...滾珠輪軸
18...惰輪
19...套筒
40...箱體
84...圓柱形隔片
100...傳動器
151B...輸出可撓性電纜外殼
155B...輸出電纜
171...惰輪桿體
Claims (18)
- 一種機電傳動器,包括:多個速度調整器,有角度地配置而圍繞軸;惰輪,其與所述多個速度調整器接觸且在所述速度調整器之內部徑向地定位;第一盤,其與所述速度調整器接觸;多個磁鐵,其耦合至所述第一盤;用於自外部源將扭力傳送至所述第一盤之構件;可旋轉籠罩,其經組態以徑向地以及軸向地支撐所述速度調整器;以及多個電導體,其耦合至所述可旋轉籠罩。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述多個速度調整器包括多個球形調整器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述多個磁鐵包括多個電磁鐵。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述多個磁鐵以及所述多個電導體經配置以產生電或機械扭力。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之機電傳動器,更包括剛性地耦合至所述惰輪之惰輪軸。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述惰輪軸經組態以軸向地平移。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述惰輪軸之軸向平移導致所述速度調整器相對於所述軸之 傾斜。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之機電傳動器,更包括與所述速度調整器接觸之第二盤,其中所述第一盤以及所述第二盤在所述速度調整器之相反側上彼此相對地定位。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,其中用於傳送扭力之所述構件包括滑輪、齒輪或鏈輪。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,更包括與所述速度調整器接觸之第二盤,其中所述第一盤以及所述第二盤在所述速度調整器之相反側上彼此相對地定位。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之機電傳動器,其中功率是經由所述速度調整器、所述第一盤以及所述扭力傳送構件而輸送至所述第二盤。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之機電傳動器,其中功率是經由所述速度調整器、所述第一盤以及所述多個磁鐵而輸送至所述第二盤。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之機電傳動器,其中功率是經由所述速度調整器、所述可旋轉籠罩以及所述多個電導體而輸送至所述第二盤。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述多個磁鐵包括電轉子。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述多個電導體包括電定子。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述電轉子經組態以將扭力輸送至所述第一盤,且其中所 述電定子經組態以將扭力輸送至所述籠罩。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之機電傳動器,其中所述電轉子經組態以接收來自所述第一盤之扭力,且其中所述電定子經組態以接收來自所述籠罩之扭力。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之機電傳動器,更包括耦合至所述惰輪軸之多個磁鐵。
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