TW201604179A - B型肝炎抗病毒劑 - Google Patents
B型肝炎抗病毒劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201604179A TW201604179A TW104135143A TW104135143A TW201604179A TW 201604179 A TW201604179 A TW 201604179A TW 104135143 A TW104135143 A TW 104135143A TW 104135143 A TW104135143 A TW 104135143A TW 201604179 A TW201604179 A TW 201604179A
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- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本發明包括一種為有需要之個體抑制、阻抑或預防HBV感染的方法,該方法包括向該個體投與治療有效量之至少一種本發明化合物。
Description
本申請案主張於2011年12月21日提出申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/578,716號及於2012年10月3日提出申請之第61/709,331號的優先權。該等申請案之全部內容之全文皆以引用方式併入本文中。
慢性B型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染係顯著的全球健康問題,其感染超過5%之世界人口(在世界範圍內超過3.5億人及在美國125萬個體)。
儘管預防性HBV疫苗有可用性,但由於次最佳治療選擇及發展中國家之大部分地區中持續的新感染者比率,慢性HBV感染之負擔仍係明顯未滿足之全世界醫療問題。當前治療不可治癒且限於僅兩類試劑(干擾素及核苷類似物/病毒聚合酶之抑制劑);藥物抗性、低功效及耐受性問題限制其影響。HBV之低治癒率至少部分歸因於受感染肝細胞之核中之共價閉合環狀DNA(cccDNA)之存在及持續性。然而,HBV DNA之持續阻抑減緩肝病進展並有助於預防肝細胞癌。HBV感染患者之當前治療目標係旨在將血清HBV DNA減少至低或不可檢測之程度,且最終減少或預防肝硬化及肝細胞癌發生。
業內需要治療、改善或預防HBV感染之新穎治療劑。向HBV感染之患者投與該等治療劑作為單一療法或與其他HBV治療或輔助治療組合可產生顯著改良之預後、減少疾病進展及增強血清轉化率。
本文提供可用於治療人類之HBV感染之化合物。
因此,在一態樣中,本文提供式(I)化合物或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
在一實施例中,式(I)化合物具有式(II):
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一實施例中,式(II)化合物具有式(IIa)、(IIb)及(IIc)。
在另一實施例中,式(I)化合物具有式(III):
在另一態樣中,本文提供具有式IV之化合物:
(IV)
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一實施例中,式IV化合物具有式IVa、IVb及IVc、或彼等化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一態樣中,本文提供式V化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在又一態樣中,本文提供式VI化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一實施例中,式VI化合物具有式VIa或VIb、或彼等化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一態樣中,本文提供式VII化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本文亦提供包含本文提供之化合物(在本文中亦稱作「本發明化合物」)的組合物。在一實施例中,該組合物係醫藥組合物且進一步包含至少一種醫藥上可接受之載劑。
在一態樣中,本文提供治療、根除、減少、減緩或抑制有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在另一態樣中,本文提供減少有需要之個體之與HBV感染相關之病毒負荷的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在又一態樣中,本文提供為有需要之個體減少HBV感染之復發的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在再一態樣中,本文提供為有需要之個體減少HBV感染之不利生理影響的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本文亦提供為有需要之個體誘發緩解因HBV感染之肝損傷的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在另一態樣中,本文提供為有需要之個體減少HBV感染之長期抗病毒療法的生理影響的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之
本發明化合物。
本文亦提供為有需要之個體預防性治療HBV感染的方法,其中該個體患有潛在的HBV感染,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在任一上述方法中,該化合物可與額外治療劑組合投與。在一實施例中,額外治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、文獻闡述之衣殼組裝調節劑、逆轉錄酶抑制劑、TLR-激動劑、及獨特或未知機制之藥劑及其組合。
在另一實施例中,額外治療劑係選自免疫調節劑或免疫刺激劑療法,其包括屬於干擾素類別之生物試劑,例如干擾素α 2a或2b或經改良干擾素(例如聚乙二醇化干擾素α 2a、α 2b、λ);或TLR調節劑(例如TLR-7激動劑或TLR-9激動劑)、或阻斷病毒進入或成熟或靶向HBV聚合酶之抗病毒劑(例如核苷或核苷酸或非核苷(核苷酸)聚合酶抑制劑)及獨特或未知機制之藥劑(包括破壞HBV複製或持續性所需之其他必需病毒蛋白質或宿主蛋白質之功能的藥劑)。
在組合療法之一實施例中,逆轉錄酶抑制劑係以下中之至少一者:齊多夫定(Zidovudine)、去羥肌苷(Didanosine)、紮西他濱(Zalcitabine)、ddA、司他夫定(Stavudine)、拉米夫定(Lamivudine)、阿巴卡韋(Abacavir)、恩曲他濱(Emtricitabine)、恩替卡韋(Entecavir)、阿立他濱(Apricitabine)、阿替韋拉平(Atevirapine)、利巴韋林(ribavirin)、阿昔洛維(acyclovir)、泛昔洛韋(famciclovir)、伐昔洛韋(valacyclovir)、更昔洛韋(ganciclovir)、纈更昔洛韋(valganciclovir)、替諾福韋(Tenofovir)、阿德福韋(Adefovir)、PMPA、西多福韋(cidofovir)、依法韋侖(Efavirenz)、奈韋拉平(Nevirapine)、地拉韋啶(Delavirdine)或依曲韋林(Etravirine)。
在組合療法之另一實施例中,TLR-7激動劑係選自由以下組成之群:SM360320(9-苄基-8-羥基-2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)腺嘌呤)及AZD 8848([3-({[3-(6-胺基-2-丁氧基-8-側氧基-7,8-二氫-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙基][3-(4-嗎啉基)丙基]胺基}甲基)苯基]乙酸甲酯)。
在該等組合療法之一實施例中,共同調配該化合物及額外治療劑。在另一實施例中,共同投與該化合物及額外治療劑。
在組合療法之另一實施例中,與單獨投與至少一種額外治療劑相比,投與本發明化合物允許以比在為有需要之個體預防性治療HBV感染中達成類似結果所需者為低之劑量或頻率投與額外治療劑。
在組合療法之另一實施例中,在投與治療有效量之本發明化合物之前,已知個體對選自由以下組成之群之化合物產生頑抗性:HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、獨特衣殼組裝調節劑、獨特或未知機制之抗病毒化合物及其組合。
在該方法之又一實施例中,與投與選自由HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、獨特衣殼組裝調節劑、獨特或未知機制之抗病毒化合物及其組合組成之群之化合物相比,投與本發明化合物更大程度地減少個體之病毒負荷。
在另一實施例中,與投與選自由HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、獨特衣殼組裝調節劑、獨特或未知機制之抗病毒化合物及其組合組成之群之化合物相比,投與本發明化合物引起較低病毒突變及/或病毒抗性之發生率。
圖1係圖解說明螢光淬滅活體外HBV組裝分析之方案。此分析利用突變C150 HBV衣殼蛋白質,其中所有野生型半胱胺酸突變成丙胺酸,但保存C末端半胱胺酸殘基並用螢光BoDIPY-FL染料標記。HBV C150Bo蛋白質之螢光信號在衣殼組裝製程期間減小,且因此監測反
應之螢光關於衣殼組裝之程度提供良好讀數。
出於闡釋本發明之目的,在圖示中繪示本發明之某些實施例。然而,本發明並不限於圖示中所繪示實施例之精確佈置及工具。
本文提供可用於治療及預防人類之HBV之化合物。在一非限制性態樣中,該等化合物藉由與HBV衣殼相互作用來調節及/或破壞HBV組裝,從而提供毒力大大降低之缺陷性病毒顆粒。本發明化合物具有有效抗病毒活性,呈現有利代謝、組織分佈、安全及醫藥特性,且適用於人類中。
HBV衣殼蛋白質在病毒生命週期期間起基本作用。HBV衣殼/核蛋白質形成在細胞間通過期間保護病毒基因組之亞穩定病毒顆粒或蛋白質殼,且亦在病毒複製製程(包括基因組衣殼化、基因組複製、及病毒粒子形態發生及釋出)中起重要作用。衣殼結構亦對環境提示有反應以允許在病毒進入後無包被。已發現適當衣殼組裝始終對病毒感染性至關重要。
HBV衣殼蛋白質之重要功能對病毒衣殼蛋白質序列施加嚴格演化限制,從而導致觀察之低序列可變性及高保守性。HBV衣殼中破壞其組裝之突變始終係致命的,且干擾衣殼穩定性之突變嚴重減弱病毒複製。藥物靶標愈保守,則患者獲得之可複製抗性突變愈少。實際上,慢性感染患者之HBV衣殼中的天然突變在全長蛋白質中之183個殘基僅累積4個殘基。因此,HBV衣殼組裝抑制劑相對於現存HBV抗病毒劑可引起較低藥物抗性出現率。此外,在與靶向傳統NA酶活性位點之藥物相比,靶向HBV衣殼之藥物療法可較不易於有藥物抗性突變。闡述結合病毒衣殼並抑制HIV、鼻病毒及HBV複製之化合物的報道為作為抗病毒藥物靶標之病毒衣殼蛋白質提供強藥理概念證據。
在一個態樣中,本發明化合物可藉由破壞、加速、減少、延遲及
/或抑制不成熟或成熟顆粒之正常病毒衣殼組裝及/或拆卸、藉此誘導異常衣殼形貌並產生抗病毒效應(例如破壞病毒粒子組裝及/或拆卸、病毒粒子成熟及/或病毒釋出)用於HBV治療。在一個實施例中,衣殼組裝之干擾劑與成熟或不成熟病毒衣殼相互作用以干擾衣殼之穩定性,由此影響組裝及/或拆卸。在另一實施例中,衣殼組裝之干擾劑干擾病毒衣殼之穩定性、功能及/或正常形貌所需之蛋白質摺疊及/或鹽橋,藉此破壞及/或加速衣殼組裝及/或拆卸。在又一實施例中,本發明化合物結合衣殼並改變細胞多蛋白及前體之代謝,從而導致蛋白質單體及/或寡聚物及/或異常顆粒之異常累積,此引起細胞毒性及感染細胞死亡。在另一實施例中,本發明化合物引起最佳穩定性之衣殼的形成失敗,從而影響病毒之有效無包被及/或拆卸(例如在感染期間)。
在一個實施例中,在衣殼蛋白質不成熟時,本發明化合物破壞及/或加速衣殼組裝及/或拆卸。在另一實施例中,在衣殼蛋白質成熟時,本發明化合物破壞及/或加速衣殼組裝及/或拆卸。在又一實施例中,在病毒感染期間,本發明化合物破壞及/或加速衣殼組裝及/或拆卸。在又一實施例中,衣殼組裝及/或拆卸之破壞及/或加速會減弱HBV病毒感染性及/或減少病毒負荷。在又一實施例中,衣殼組裝及/或拆卸之破壞、加速、抑制、延遲及/或減少會自宿主有機體根除病毒。在又一實施例中,自宿主根除HBV會有利地消除慢性長期療法之需要及/或減少長期療法之持續時間。
在一個實施例中,本文所述化合物適於單一療法且有效抵抗天然或自然HBV菌株並抵抗對當前已知之藥物具有抗性之HBV菌株。在另一實施例中,本文所述化合物適用於組合療法中。
在另一實施例中,本發明化合物可用於調節(例如,抑制、破壞或加速)HBV cccDNA之活性之方法中。在又一實施例中,本發明化
合物可用於減少或防止HBV cccDNA形成之方法中。
定義
如本文所用,以下術語中之每一者在此部分中皆具有與其相關之含義。
除非另外定義,否則本文所用之所有技術及科學術語皆具有與熟習本發明所屬技術者通常所瞭解意義相同之意義。本文所用之命名及細胞培養、分子遺傳學、有機化學及肽化學中之實驗室程序通常係彼等業內熟知且常用者。
本文所用冠詞「一」(「a」及「an」)係指一個或一個以上(即指至少一個)的該冠詞之文法受詞。舉例而言,「元件」意指一個元件或一個以上元件。此外,使用術語「包括(including)」以及其他形式(例如「include」、「includes」及「included」)不具有限制意義。
本文所用術語「約」應由彼等熟習此項技術者所瞭解且在其使用上下文中在一定程度上變化。本文所用術語「約」在指可量測值(例如量、暫時持續時間及諸如此類)時意欲涵蓋與指定值變化偏離±20%或±10%、更佳±5%、甚至更佳±1%且仍更佳±0.1%,因此該等變化適於實施所揭示方法。
本文所用術語「衣殼組裝調節劑」係指破壞及/或加速及/或抑制及/或阻礙及/或延遲及或減少及/或改良正常衣殼組裝(例如在成熟期間)及/或正常衣殼拆卸(例如在感染期間)及/或干擾衣殼穩定性、藉此誘導異常衣殼形貌及功能的化合物。在一個實施例中,衣殼組裝調節劑加速衣殼組裝及/或拆卸,藉此誘導異常衣殼形貌。在另一實施例中,衣殼組裝調節劑與主要衣殼組裝蛋白質(CA)相互作用(例如,於活性位點處結合、於變構位點處結合、改良及/或阻礙摺疊及諸如此類),藉此破壞衣殼組裝及/或拆卸。在又一實施例中,衣殼組裝調節劑引起CA之結構及/或功能(例如,CA組裝、拆卸、結合至受質、摺
疊成適宜構形或諸如此類之能力)受干擾,此減弱病毒感染性及/或致死病毒。
本文所用術語「文獻闡述之衣殼組裝調節劑」係指並非本發明化合物之衣殼組裝調節劑。
本文所用術語「治療」(「treatment」或「treating」)定義為出於治癒、癒合、緩和、減少、改變、補救、改善、改良或影響HBV感染、HBV感染之症狀或發生HBV感染之潛能的目的,向患者施加或投與治療劑(即本發明化合物)(單獨或與另一醫藥試劑組合)、或向患者之分離組織或細胞系施加或投與治療劑(例如,用於診斷或離體應用),該患者患有HBV感染、HBV感染之症狀或發生HBV感染之潛能。可基於自藥物基因組學領域獲得之知識特別調整或改良該等治療。
本文所用術語「預防」(「prevent」或「prevention」)意指若尚無病症或疾病發生,則將無病症或疾病發生,或若已發生病症或疾病,則無進一步病症或疾病發生。亦視為具有預防一些或所有與病症或疾病相關之症狀的能力。
本文所用術語「患者」、「個體」(「individual」或「subject」)係指人類或非人類哺乳動物。非人類哺乳動物包括(例如)家畜及寵物,例如綿羊、牛、豬、犬、貓及鼠類哺乳動物。較佳地,患者、個體(subject或individual)係人類。
本文所用術語「有效量」、「醫藥有效量」及「治療有效量」係指無毒性但足以提供期望生物結果之藥劑之量。該結果可為減少及/或緩解疾病之體徵、症狀或病因,或生物系統之任何其他期望變化。可由彼等熟習此項技術者使用常規實驗來確定在任一個體病例中之適當治療量。
本文所用術語「醫藥上可接受」係指材料(例如載劑或稀釋劑)不
會消除化合物之生物活性或性質且相對無毒性,即材料可投與個體而不引起不期望生物效應或以有害方式與組合物中包含之任一組份相互作用。
本文所用語言「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指自醫藥上可接受之無毒性酸(包括無機酸、有機酸、其溶劑合物、水合物或晶籠化合物)製備之所投與化合物之鹽。該等無機酸之實例係氫氯酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、六氟磷酸、檸檬酸、葡萄糖酸、苯甲酸、丙酸、丁酸、磺基水楊酸、馬來酸、月桂酸、蘋果酸、富馬酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、阿桑尼酸(amsonic acid)、巴莫酸(pamoic acid)、對甲苯磺酸及甲磺酸。適當有機酸可選自(例如)脂肪族、芳香族、羧酸及磺酸類別之有機酸,其實例係甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、樟腦磺酸、檸檬酸、富馬酸、葡萄糖酸、羥乙磺酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、黏酸、酒石酸、對甲苯磺酸、乙醇酸、葡糖醛酸、馬來酸、糠酸、麩胺酸、苯甲酸、鄰胺基苯甲酸、水楊酸、苯乙酸、苯乙醇酸、雙羥萘酸(巴莫酸)、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、泛酸、苯磺酸(benzenesulfonic或besylate)、硬脂酸、磺胺酸、海藻酸、半乳糖醛酸及諸如此類。此外,作為非限制性實例,醫藥上可接受之鹽包括鹼土金屬鹽(例如鈣或鎂)、鹼金屬鹽(例如鈉依賴性或鉀)及銨鹽。
本文所用術語「醫藥上可接受之載劑」意指醫藥上可接受之材料、組合物或載劑,例如液體或固體填充劑、穩定劑、分散劑、懸浮劑、稀釋劑、賦形劑、增稠劑、溶劑或囊封材料,涉及在患者內或向患者攜帶或輸送在本發明內可用之化合物以使其可實施其預期功能。該等構築體通常自身體之一個器官或部分攜帶或輸送至身體之另一器官或部分。在可與調配物之其他成份(包括可用於本發明內之化合物)相容且不損害患者之意義上,每種載劑必須係「可接受的」。一些可用作醫藥上可接受之載劑之材料之實例包括:糖類,例如乳糖、葡萄
糖及蔗糖;澱粉,例如玉米澱粉及馬鈴薯澱粉;纖維素及其衍生物,例如羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素及乙酸纖維素;粉狀磺蓍膠;麥芽;明膠;滑石粉;賦形劑,例如可可油及栓劑蠟;油類,例如花生油、棉籽油、紅花油、芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油及豆油;二醇類,例如丙二醇;多元醇類,例如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇及聚乙二醇;酯類,例如油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;瓊脂;緩衝劑,例如氫氧化鎂及氫氧化鋁;表面活性劑;海藻酸;無致熱源的水;等滲鹽水;林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);乙醇;磷酸鹽緩衝溶液;及其他用於醫藥調配物中之無毒相容物質。如本文所用「醫藥上可接受之載劑」亦包括任何及所有塗料、抗細菌及抗真菌劑、及吸收延遲劑及與可用於本發明內之化合物之活性相容且對患者而言生理上可接受之類似物。亦可將輔助活性化合物納入組合物中。「醫藥上可接受之載劑」可進一步包括可用於本發明內之化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。可用於本發明實踐中之醫藥組合物中可包括之其他額外成份為業內所知且闡述於(例如)Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Genaro編輯,Mack Publishing公司,1985,Easton,PA)中,其以引用方式併入本文中。
本文所用術語「組合物」或「醫藥組合物」係指至少一種可用於本發明內之化合物與醫藥上可接受之載劑之混合物。醫藥組合物有利於化合物投與至患者或個體。業內已有多種投與化合物之技術,其包括(但不限於)靜脈內、經口、氣溶膠、非經腸、經眼、經肺及局部投與。
除非另外指明,否則本文所用術語「烷基」自身或作為另一取代基之一部分意指具有指示碳原子數之直鏈或具支鏈烴(即,C1-6意指1至6個碳原子)且包括直鏈、具支鏈或環狀取代基。實例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基及環丙基甲基。最佳者係(C1-C6)烷基,具體而言乙基、甲基、異丙
基、異丁基、正戊基、正己基及環丙基甲基。
本文所用術語「經取代之烷基」意指由1個、2個或3個選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代的如上文所定義之烷基:鹵素、-OH、烷氧基、-NH2、-N(CH3)2、-C(=O)OH、三氟甲基、-C≡N、-C(=O)O(C1-C4)烷基、-C(=O)NH2、-SO2NH2、-C(=NH)NH2及-NO2,較佳含有一或兩個選自鹵素、-OH、烷氧基、-NH2、三氟甲基、-N(CH3)2及-C(=O)OH、更佳選自鹵素、烷氧基及-OH之取代基。經取代之烷基之實例包括(但不限於)2,2-二氟丙基、2-羧基環戊基及3-氯丙基。
除非另外指明,否則本文所用術語「雜烷基」自身或與另一術語組合意指由所述數量之碳原子及一或兩個選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子組成的穩定直鏈或具支鏈烷基,且其中氮及硫原子可視情況經氧化且氮雜原子可視情況經四級銨化。雜原子可置於雜烷基之任何位置處,包括雜烷基之剩餘部分與其附接之片段之間,以及附接至雜烷基中之最遠端碳原子。實例包括:-O-CH2-CH2-CH3、-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3、-CH2-S-CH2-CH3及-CH2CH2-S(=O)-CH3。最多兩個雜原子可連續,例如-CH2-NH-OCH3或-CH2-CH2-S-S-CH3。較佳雜烷基具有1至10個碳。
除非另外指明,否則本文所用術語「烷氧基」單獨或與其他術語組合使用意指具有指示碳原子數且經由氧原子連接至分子之剩餘部分之如上文所定義之烷基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、1-丙氧基、2-丙氧基(異丙氧基)及較高碳數同系物及異構體。較佳者係(C1-C3)烷氧基,具體而言乙氧基及甲氧基。
除非另外指明,否則本文所用術語「鹵基」或「鹵素」單獨或作為另一取代基之一部分意指氟、氯、溴或碘原子,較佳氟、氯或溴,更佳氟或氯。
本文所用術語「環烷基」係指單環或多環狀非芳香族基團,其中
形成環之每一原子(即,骨架原子)係碳原子。在一個實施例中,環烷基係飽和或部分不飽和。在另一實施例中,環烷基與芳香族環稠合。環烷基包括具有3至10個環原子之基團。環烷基之闡釋性實例包括(但不限於)以下部分:
單環狀環烷基包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基及環辛基。二環狀環烷基包括(但不限於)四氫萘基、二氫茚基及四氫并環戊二烯。多環狀環烷基包括金剛烷及降莰烷。術語環烷基包括「不飽和非芳香族碳環基」或「非芳香族不飽和碳環基」,二者均係指如本文定義之非芳香族碳環,其含有至少一個碳碳雙鍵或一個碳碳三鍵。
本文所用術語「雜環烷基」或「雜環基」係指含有1至4個各自選自O、S及N之環雜原子的雜脂環族基團。在一個實施例中,每一雜環烷基在其環系統中具有4至10個原子,前提係該基團之環不含有兩個毗鄰O或S原子。在另一實施例中,雜環烷基與芳香族環稠合。在一個實施例中,氮及硫雜原子可視情況經氧化,且氮原子可視情況經四級銨化。除非另外指明,否則雜環系統可附接於提供穩定結構之任何雜原子或碳原子處。雜環本質上可為芳香族或非芳香族。在一實施例中,雜環係雜芳基。
3員雜環烷基之實例包括且不限於氮丙啶。4員雜環烷基之實例包括(但不限於)氮雜環丁烷及β內醯胺。5員雜環烷基之實例包括(但不限
於)吡咯啶、噁唑啶及噻唑啶二酮。6員雜環烷基之實例包括(但不限於)六氫吡啶、嗎啉及哌嗪。雜環烷基之其他非限制性實例係:
非芳香族雜環之實例包括單環基團,例如氮丙啶、環氧乙烷、硫雜環丙烷、氮雜環丁烷、環氧丙烷、硫雜環丁烷、吡咯啶、吡咯啉、吡唑啶、咪唑啉、二氧雜環戊烷、環丁碸、2,3-二氫呋喃、2,5-二氫呋喃、四氫呋喃、四氫噻吩、六氫吡啶、1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶、1,4-二氫吡啶、哌嗪、嗎啉、硫嗎啉、吡喃、2,3-二氫吡喃、四氫吡喃、1,4-二噁烷、1,3-二噁烷、高哌嗪、高六氫吡啶、1,3-二氧雜環庚烷、4,7-二氫-1,3-二氧呯及環氧己烷。
本文所用術語「芳香族」係指具有一或多個多不飽和環且具有芳香族特性(即具有(4n+2)個離域π(pi)電子,其中n係整數)之碳環或雜環。
除非另外指明,否則本文所用術語「芳基」單獨或與其他術語組合使用意指含有一或多個環(通常1個、2個或3個環)之碳環芳香族系統,其中該等環可以側基方式附接在一起(例如聯苯)或可稠合(例如萘)。芳基之實例包括苯基、蒽基及萘基。較佳實例係苯基及萘基,最佳者係苯基。
本文所用術語「芳基-(C1-C3)烷基」意指其中1至3碳伸烷基鏈附接至芳基之官能基,例如-CH2CH2-苯基。較佳者係芳基-CH2-及芳基-CH(CH3)-。術語「經取代之芳基-(C1-C3)烷基」意指芳基經取代之芳基-(C1-C3)烷基官能基。較佳者係經取代之芳基(CH2)-。類似地,術語「雜芳基-(C1-C3)烷基」意指其中1至3碳伸烷基鏈附接至雜芳基之官能基,例如-CH2CH2-吡啶基。較佳者係雜芳基-(CH2)-。術語「經取代之雜芳基-(C1-C3)烷基」意指雜芳基經取代之雜芳基-(C1-C3)烷基官能基。較佳者係經取代之雜芳基-(CH2)-。
本文所用術語「雜芳基」或「雜芳香族」係指具有芳香族特性之雜環。多環狀雜芳基可包括一或多個部分飽和之環。實例包括以下部分:
雜芳基之實例亦包括吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基(具體而言2-及4-嘧啶基)、噠嗪基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基(具體而言2-吡咯基)、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、吡唑基(具體而言3-及5-吡唑基)、異噻唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,3,4-三唑基、四唑基、1,2,3-噻二唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基及1,3,4-噁二唑基。
多環狀雜環及雜芳基之實例包括吲哚基(具體而言3-、4-、5-、6-及7-吲哚基)、二氫吲哚基、喹啉基、四氫喹啉基、異喹啉基(具體而言1-及5-異喹啉基)、1,2,3,4-四氫異喹啉基、啉基、喹喔啉基(具體而言2-及5-喹喔啉基)、喹唑啉基、酞嗪基、1,8-萘啶基、1,4-苯并二
噁烷基、香豆素、二氫香豆素、1,5-萘啶基、苯并呋喃基(具體而言3-、4-、5-、6-及7-苯并呋喃基)、2,3-二氫苯并呋喃基、1,2-苯并異噁唑基、苯并噻吩基(具體而言3-、4-、5-、6-,及7-苯并噻吩基)、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基(具體而言2-苯并噻唑基及5-苯并噻唑基)、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基(具體而言2-苯并咪唑基)、苯并三唑基、硫代黃嘌呤基、咔唑基、哢啉基、吖啶基、吡咯啶基及喹啶基。
本文所用術語「經取代」意指在取代基附接至另一基團時,原子或原子之群組替代氫。術語「經取代」進一步係指任何程度之取代,即單-、二-、三-、四-或五取代(若允許該取代)。取代基獨立地經選擇且取代可在任何化學上可觸及之位置處。在一個實施例中,取代基之數目在1與4之間變化。在另一實施例中,取代基之數目在1與3之間變化。在又一實施例中,取代基之數目在1與2之間變化。
本文所用術語「視情況經取代」意指所提及基團可經取代或未經取代。在一個實施例中,所提及基團視情況經零個取代基取代,即所提及基團未經取代。在另一實施例中,所提及基團視情況經一或多個個別且獨立地選自本文所述基團之額外基團取代。
在一個實施例中,取代基獨立地選自由以下組成之群:側氧基、鹵素、-CN、-NH2、-OH、-NH(CH3)、-N(CH3)2、烷基(包括直鏈、具支鏈及/或不飽和烷基)、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜環烷基、氟烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、氟烷氧基、-S-烷基、S(=O)2烷基、-C(=O)NH[經取代或未經取代之烷基或經取代或未經取代之苯基]、-C(=O)N[H或烷基]2、-OC(=O)N[經取代或未經取代之烷基]2、-NHC(=O)NH[經取代或未經取代之烷基或經取代或未經取代之苯基]、-NHC(=O)烷基、-N[經取代或未經取代之烷基]C(=O)[經取代或未經取代之烷基]、-NHC(=O)[經取代或未經取代之烷基]、-C(OH)[經取代或未經取代之
烷基]2及-C(NH2)[經取代或未經取代之烷基]2。在另一實施例中,舉例而言,可選取代基係選自側氧基、氟、氯、溴、碘、-CN、-NH2、-OH、-NH(CH3)、-N(CH3)2、-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CF3、-CH2CF3、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH(CH3)2、-OCF3、-OCH2CF3、-S(=O)2-CH3、-C(=O)NH2、-C(=O)-NHCH3、-NHC(=O)NHCH3、-C(=O)CH3及-C(=O)OH。在又一實施例中,取代基獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6烷基、-OH、C1-6烷氧基、鹵基、胺基、乙醯胺基、側氧基及硝基。在又一實施例中,取代基獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、鹵基、乙醯胺基及硝基。如本文所用,若取代基係烷基或烷氧基,則碳鏈可為具支鏈、直鏈或環狀,其中直鏈較佳。
本發明化合物
本發明係關於可用於治療及預防人類之HBV的化合物之發現。在一個態樣中,本發明化合物可藉由破壞、加速、減少、延遲及/或抑制不成熟或成熟顆粒之正常病毒衣殼組裝及/或拆卸、藉此誘導異常衣殼形貌並產生抗病毒效應(例如破壞病毒粒子組裝及/或拆卸、及/或病毒粒子成熟及/或病毒釋出)用於HBV治療。
本文揭示之衣殼組裝干擾劑可用作單一療法及/或在新穎跨類別組合方案中用於治療人類之HBV感染。與呈現不同作用機制(MOA)且在病毒生命週期中之不同階段起作用之藥物之組合療法由於加性或協同抗病毒效應可遞送更大功效。臨床評價之HIV治療方案已顯示組合療法改良病毒負荷減少之功效,且顯著降低抗病毒抗性之發生率。用於治療C型肝炎(HCV)病毒感染之組合療法亦可顯著改良持續抗病毒反應及根除率。因此,使用本發明之HBV衣殼組裝抑制劑與(例如)NA藥物之組合可能比當前護理標準物遞送更顯著抗病毒效應及疾病根除率。
衣殼組裝在HBV基因組複製中起重要作用。HBV聚合酶結合前基因組HBV RNA(pgRNA),且pgRNA衣殼化必須在HBV DNA合成之前進行。此外,已充分確立cccDNA複製中間體(其負責在核苷阻抑療法存在下維持慢性HBV複製)之核累積需要衣殼以將HBV DNA穿梭至核。因此,本發明之HBV衣殼組裝干擾劑在單獨或與現存核苷藥物組合使用時經由病毒基因組複製之協同或加性阻抑而具有增加HBV根除率及進一步減少cccDNA累積的潛能。本發明之衣殼組裝干擾劑亦可改變正常核蛋白質降解,此潛在地導致改變MHC-1抗原呈遞,此又可經由免疫刺激活性增加血清轉化/根除率,從而更有效地清潔受感染細胞。
在一個態樣中,藥物抗性對慢性HBV感染之當前療法具有重大威脅,且跨種類之組合療法係證明用於延遲藥物抗性菌株之發生率的策略。本發明之衣殼組裝干擾劑在單獨或與另一HBV療法組合投與時可提供增強之藥物抗性特性及改良之慢性HBV管控。
可使用有機合成領域中熟知之技術合成可用於本發明內之化合物。合成所需之起始材料及中間體可自商業來源獲得或根據彼等熟習此項技術者已知之方法合成。
在一個態樣中,本發明化合物係式(I)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
其中:環A係單環或二環芳基或單環或二環雜芳基環;環B係單環或二環芳基或單環或二環雜芳基環;
R1係SO2N(R6)R7或C(=O)N(H)R6;R2及R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-(L)m-OR8、-(L)m-SR9、-(L)m-S(=O)R9、-(L)m-S(=O)2R9、-(L)m-NHS(=O)2R9、-(L)m-C(=O)R9、-(L)m-OC(=O)R9、-(L)mCO2R8、-(L)m-OCO2R8、-(L)m-CH(R8)2、-(L)m-N(R8)2、-(L)m-C(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-OC(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-NHC(=O)NH(R8)、-(L)m-NHC(=O)R9、-(L)m-NHC(=O)OR9、-(L)m-C(OH)(R8)2、-(L)mC(NH2)(R8)2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基及-C1-C6雜烷基;R3係C或S(=O);R4係H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、-C1-C3烷基-(C3-C6環烷基)或-(L)m-芳基,且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基或芳基視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R6及R7獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C2-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C2-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代,或附接至同一N原子之R6及R7基團與其附接之N原子一起形成視情況經取代之C2-C10雜環烷基環,其中該環視情況包含選自O、C=O、S(O)m、NR4S(O)m、NR4(C=O)或N-R4之部分,且其中該環烷基或雜環烷基環視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;每一R8在每次出現時皆獨立地係H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C2-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C2-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;或兩個附
接至同一N或C原子之R8基團與其附接之N或C原子一起形成視情況經取代之C2-C10雜環烷基或C3-C10雜環烷基,其中該環視情況包含選自O、C=O、S(O)m、NR4S(O)m、NR4(C=O)或N-R4之部分,且其中該環視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R9係C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C2-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C2-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;x及y在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3及4組成之群;L在每次出現時皆獨立地係選自以下之二價基團:-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-、-(C3-C7伸環烷基)、-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-O-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-或-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-NH-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-;且m在每次出現時皆獨立地係0、1或2。
在一個實施例中,環A係視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代之單環芳基環。在另一實施例中,環A係視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代的單環雜芳基環。在又一實施例中,環A係視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代的二環芳基環。在又一實施例中,環A係視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代的二環雜芳基環。在又一實施例中,環A視情況經零個選自R2之取代基取代。
在一個實施例中,環B係視情況經0至3個選自R5之取代基取代之單環芳基環。在另一實施例中,環B係視情況經0至3個選自R5之取代基取代的單環雜芳基環。在又一實施例中,環B係視情況經0至3個選自R5之取代基取代的二環芳基環。在又一實施例中,環B係視情況經0至3個選自R5之取代基取代的二環雜芳基環。在又一實施例中,環B視情況經零個選自R5之取代基取代。
在一個實施例中,B係苯基;A係芳基或雜芳基;R1係SO2N(R6)R7或C(=O)N(H)R6。
在一個實施例中,A係苯基;B係苯基;R3係C;R1係SO2N(R6)R7或C(=O)N(H)R6。
在一個實施例中,A係苯基;B係苯基;x係零;R3係C;R1係SO2N(R6)R7或C(=O)N(H)R6;其中取代基R1及R3相對於彼此在1,3-位(或間-取代)。
在一個實施例中,A係苯基;B係苯基;x係零;R3係C;R1係SO2N(R6)R7;其中取代基R1及R3相對於彼此在1,3-位(或間-取代)。
在一個實施例中,A係苯基;B係苯基;x係零;R3係C;R1係C(=O)N(H)R6;其中取代基R1及R3相對於彼此在1,3-位(或間-取代)。
在一個實施例中,x為零。在另一實施例中,x為1且R2係鹵基。
在一個實施例中,本發明化合物係式(II)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
其中環B、R5、y、R4、R2、x及R6具有上文針對式I提供之定義。
在一實施例中,式(II)化合物係式(IIa)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
其中R5、y、R2在每次出現時皆個別地且x在每次出現時皆個別地具有上文針對式I提供之定義,且G1係碳或氮。
在另一實施例中,式(II)化合物係式(IIb)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
其中R5、y、R2、x及R6具有上文針對式I提供之定義,且其中(CH2)1-6基團可視情況進一步經OH、C1-6烷基或OC1-6烷基取代。
在又一實施例中,式(II)化合物係式(IIc)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
其中R5、y、R2在每次出現時皆個別地且x在每次出現時皆個別地具有上文針對式I提供之定義,且G1係H、烷基或經取代之烷基。
在一個實施例中,本發明化合物係式(III)化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物:
在一個態樣中,本文提供具有式IV之化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中R4係H或C1-C6烷基;其中每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:CH3、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-(L)m-SR9、-(L)m-S(=O)R9、-(L)m-S(=O)2R9、-(L)m-NHS(=O)2R9、-(L)m-C(=O)R9、-(L)m-OC(=O)R9、-(L)mCO2R8、-(L)m-OCO2R8、-(L)m-N(R8)2、-(L)m-C(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-OC(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-NHC(=O)NH(R8)、-(L)m-NHC(=O)R9、-(L)m-NHC(=O)OR9、-(L)m-C(OH)(R8)2、-(L)mC(NH2)(R8)2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;L在每次出現時皆獨立地係選自以下之二價基團:-(C1-C3伸烷基)-、-(C3-C7伸環烷基)-、-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-O-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-或-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-NH-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-;每一R8在每次出現時皆獨立地係H、C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;
R9係C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經0至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R10係OH、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經1至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:OH、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基;w為0、1或2;x在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3及4組成之群;y在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由1、2及3組成之群;z在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2及3組成之群;m在每次出現時皆獨立地係0、1或2。
在式IV之一個實施例中,R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基;在一個實施例中,式IV化合物具有式IVa:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在式IV或IVa之實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:CH3、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6及三鹵烷基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經1至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式IV或IVa之其他實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:CH3、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、
三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基及三氯甲基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6二氟烷基、C1-C6三氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、及C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式IV及IVa之其他實施例中,R5(即(R5)y)係3-F、3-Cl、3-CH3、3-CH2F、3-CHF2、4-F、3-CH3-4-F、3-Cl-4-F、3-Br-4-F、3,4,5-三氟、3,4,5-三氯或3-氯-4,5-二氟。在另一實施例中,w係1或2。
在式IV及IVa之又一些實施例中,R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基或苯基,其中C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基或苯基視情況經1至5個選自鹵基、-C1-C6烷基及-C1-C6烷氧基之取代基取代;且z為0或1。
在另一實施例中,式IV化合物具有式IVb:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中G1在每次出現時皆獨立地選自CH3、OCH3、鹵基、CF3、CCl3、CH2Cl、CCl2H、CF2H、CH2F及CF3;G2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基;G3係OH、CH2OH或CH2CH2OH;G4係H、OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基或苯基,其中該苯基視情況獨立地經1至5個選自鹵基、-C1-C6烷基及-C1-C6烷氧基之取代基取代;且y係1、2或3。
在式IVb之一實施例中,其中G1在每次出現時皆獨立地選自鹵基、CF3、CCl3、CH2Cl、CCl2H、CF2H、CH2F及CF3;在另一實施例中,式IV化合物具有式IVc:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中X係鹵基;G1係氫或鹵基;G2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基;且G4係H、鹵基、C1-C4烷基或OH。
在式IVc之一個實施例中,G2係C1-C4烷基或鹵基,且其中G2係在苯基環之2、3或4位。
在另一態樣中,本文提供式V化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中R4係H或C1-C6烷基;G1係H或C1-C6烷基;其中每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-C1-C6烷基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-(L)m-OR8、-(L)m-SR9、-(L)m-S(=O)R9、-(L)m-S(=O)2R9、-(L)m-NHS(=O)2R9、-(L)m-C(=O)R9、-(L)m-OC(=O)R9、-(L)mCO2R8、-(L)m-OCO2R8、-(L)m-CH(R8)2、-(L)m-N(R8)2、-(L)m-C(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-OC(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-NHC(=O)NH(R8)、-(L)m-NHC(=O)R9、-(L)m-NHC(=O)OR9、-(L)m-C(OH)(R8)2、-(L)mC(NH2)(R8)2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;L在每次出現時皆獨立地係選自以下之二價基團:-(C1-C3伸烷
基)-、-(C3-C7伸環烷基)-、-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-O-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-或-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-NH-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-;每一R8在每次出現時皆獨立地係H、C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R9係C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-OH、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基;n為1、2、3、4、5或6;x在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3及4組成之群;y在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由1、2及3組成之群;且m在每次出現時皆獨立地係0、1或2。
在式(V)之一個實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:OH、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基及-C1-C6三氟烷基;且R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-OH、-
CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基。
在式(V)之另一實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-OH、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基及三氯甲基;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-OH、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基。
在式(V)之又一實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-OH、C1-C6烷基、鹵基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基及三氯甲基;且每一R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-C1-C6烷基或-C1-C6烷氧基。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供式VI化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中R4係H或C1-C6烷基;
G1係H或C1-C6烷基;其中每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-(L)m-SR9、-(L)m-S(=O)R9、-(L)m-S(=O)2R9、-(L)m-NHS(=O)2R9、-(L)m-C(=O)R9、-(L)m-OC(=O)R9、-(L)mCO2R8、-(L)m-OCO2R8、-(L)m-CH(R8)2、-(L)m-N(R8)2、-(L)m-C(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-OC(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-NHC(=O)NH(R8)、-(L)m-NHC(=O)R9、-(L)m-NHC(=O)OR9、-(L)m-C(OH)(R8)2、-(L)mC(NH2)(R8)2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;L在每次出現時皆獨立地係選自以下之二價基團:-(C1-C3伸烷基)-、-(C3-C7伸環烷基)-、-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-O-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-或-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-NH-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-;每一R8在每次出現時皆獨立地係H、C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R9係C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R10係OH、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-
C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經1至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基;w係0、1或2;x在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3及4組成之群;y在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3及4組成之群;z在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2及3組成之群;m在每次出現時皆獨立地係0、1或2。
在式VI之某些實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經1至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、
C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式VI之另一實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基及三氯甲基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、C1-C6氟烷基、C1-C6二氟烷基、C1-C6三氟烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、及C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式VI之其他實施例中,R5係3-F、3-Cl、3-CH3、3-CH2F、3-CHF2、4-F、3-CH3-4-F、3-Cl-4-F、3-Br-4-F、3,4,5-三氟、3,4,5-三氯或3-氯-4,5-二氟。在另一實施例中,w係1或2。
在式VI之又一實施例中,R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基;R10係OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基或苯基,其中C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基或苯基視情況經1至5個選自鹵基、-C1-C6烷基及-C1-C6烷氧基之取代基取代;且z為0或1。
在一實施例中,式VI化合物具有式VIa:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中G1在每次出現時皆獨立地選自CH3、OCH3、鹵基、CF3、CCl3、CH2Cl、CCl2H、CF2H、CH2F及CF3;G2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基;G3係OH、CH2OH或CH2CH2OH;G4係H、OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基或苯基,其中該苯基視情況獨立地經1至5個選自鹵基、-C1-C6烷基及-C1-C6烷氧基之取代基取代;且y係1、2或3。
在一實施例中,式VI化合物具有式VIaa:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中G1在每次出現時皆獨立地選自C1-C6烷基、OC1-C6烷基、鹵基、CF3、CCl3、CH2Cl、CCl2H、CF2H、CH2F及CF3;G2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基;G3係OH、CH2OH或CH2CH2OH;G4係H、OH、鹵基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基-OH、-C1-C6氯烷基、-C1-C6二氯烷基、-C1-C6三氯烷基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6二氟烷基、-C1-C6三氟烷基或苯基,其中該苯基視情況獨立地經1至5個選自鹵基、-C1-C6烷基及-C1-C6烷氧基之取代基取代;且y係1、2或3。
在另一實施例中,式VI化合物具有式VIb:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中X係鹵基;G1係氫或鹵基;G2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基;且G4係H、鹵基、C1-C4烷基或OH。
在另一態樣中,本文提供式VII化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽;其中R4係H或C1-C6烷基;其中每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-(L)m-SR9、-(L)m-S(=O)R9、-(L)m-S(=O)2R9、-(L)m-NHS(=O)2R9、-(L)m-C(=O)R9、-(L)m-OC(=O)R9、-(L)mCO2R8、-(L)m-OCO2R8、-(L)m-CH(R8)2、-(L)m-N(R8)2、-(L)m-C(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-OC(=O)N(R8)2、-(L)m-NHC(=O)NH(R8)、-(L)m-NHC(=O)R9、-(L)m-NHC(=O)OR9、-(L)m-C(OH)(R8)2、-(L)mC(NH2)(R8)2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;L在每次出現時皆獨立地係選自以下之二價基團:-(C1-C3伸烷基)-、-(C3-C7伸環烷基)-、-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-O-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-或-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-NH-(C1-C3伸烷基)m-;每一R8在每次出現時皆獨立地係H、C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基及雜芳基視情況經1至5
個選自R2之取代基取代;R9係C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基、-C1-C6三鹵烷基、C1-C6雜烷基、C3-C10環烷基、C3-C10雜環烷基、芳基、雜芳基、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(C3-C10雜環烷基)、-C1-C4烷基-(芳基)或-C1-C4烷基-(雜芳基),且其中該烷基、雜烷基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳基或雜芳基環視情況經1至5個選自R2之取代基取代;R10係H、C1-C6烷基、-(L)m-C(=O)C1-C6烷基、-(L)m-C(=O)C3-C10環烷基、-(L)m-C(=O)OC1-C6烷基、-(L)m-C(=O)OC3-C10環烷基,其中烷基或環烷基視情況經鹵基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基或-C1-C6三鹵烷基取代;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷基;x在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由0、1、2、3或4組成之群;y在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由1、2及3組成之群;z為0或1;且m在每次出現時皆獨立地係0、1或2。
在式VII之一個實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基及-C1-C6三鹵烷基;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基,其中該C1-C3伸烷基視情況經0至3個選自R2之取代基取代;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、
C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式VII之一實施例中,每一R5在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、鹵基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基及三氯甲基;R11係鍵或C1-C3伸烷基;R2在每次出現時皆獨立地選自由以下組成之群:鹵基、-CN、-NO2、-C1-C6烷基、-C1-C6烷氧基、-C1-C6氟烷基、-C1-C6雜烷基、及C(O)-C1-C6烷基及C(O)-C1-C6烷氧基。
在式VII之一實施例中,R5係3-F、3-Cl、3-CH3、3-CH2F、3-CHF2、4-F、3-CH3-4-F、3-Cl-4-F、3-Br-4-F、3,4,5-三氟、3,4,5-三氯或3-氯-4,5-二氟。在另一實施例中,R2係H、C1-C4烷基或鹵基。在又一實施例中,R10係C(=O)C3-C10環烷基,其中該環烷基視情況經鹵基、-C1-C6鹵烷基、-C1-C6二鹵烷基或-C1-C6三鹵烷基取代。
應瞭解,本文中本發明之說明應符合化學鍵結之定律及規則加以解釋。在一些情況下,可能需要移除氫原子以在任一給定位置處容納取代基。
注意到針對本文所述一般結構而言,由兩個或更多個變量(R基團、G基團等)取代之環可指示相鄰取代模式(例如化合物960D1及960D2)或成對(例如化合物916)取代模式。
式I-VII(包括其醫藥上可接受之鹽、以及其對映異構體、立體異構體、旋轉異構體、互變異構體、非對映異構體、阻轉異構體或外消旋體)之較佳實施例示於下表1中且亦視為「本發明化合物」。(表1之一些化合物不包括羥基上之氫;應瞭解,「-O」指示該等位置處之羥基取代基)。
合成方法編碼係指實驗部分中提供之合成方法。舉例而言,
「A19B03C15」係指針對區域A使用中間體A19,針對區域B使用中間體B03,且針對區域C使用中間體C15,且「GA」係指一般合成程序G及A。
本發明進一步包括包含式(I)化合物或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物之組合物。在一個實施例中,組合物係醫藥組合物且進一步包含至少一種醫藥上可接受之載劑。
本發明化合物之製備
式(II)化合物可藉由方案1中闡釋之反應順序製備。
可使式(IV)化合物與氯磺酸反應以產生式(V)之磺醯氯。可使式(V)化合物與式HNR6R6之二級或一級胺在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙基醚或其混合物)中、較佳在三級鹼(例如但不限於
三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或吡啶)存在下反應,從而得到式(VI)化合物,其可經由醯胺鍵與胺偶合,從而得到式(II)化合物。醯胺偶合可在如下條件下實施:在偶合劑(例如但不限於DCC(N,N'-二環己基碳化二亞胺)、DIC(N,N'-二異丙基碳化二亞胺)、EDC(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺)、HBTU(六氟磷酸O-苯并三唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-脲鎓鹽)、HATU(六氟磷酸2-(1H-7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓甲銨鹽)、HCTU(六氟磷酸(2-(6-氯-1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基銨鹽)、TBTU(四氟硼酸O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲鎓鹽)或PyBOP(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯啶基-鏻鹽))存在下在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷或其混合物)中、及在三級鹼(例如但不限於三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或吡啶)之可選存在下。或者,可使式(V)之磺醯氯與氯化試劑(例如但不限於亞硫醯氯、光氣、雙光氣或三光氣)反應,從而得到式(VII)之醯氯。隨後可使式(VII)化合物與胺在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醚或其混合物)中在不會促進磺醯氯基團與胺反應之條件下反應,從而得到式(VIII)化合物,隨後可使其與胺HNR6R6在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、甲苯、二氯甲烷、或其混合物)中且在三級鹼(例如但不限於三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或吡啶)存在下反應,從而得到式(II)化合物。
式(III)化合物可藉由方案2中闡釋之反應方案製備。
可使式(IX)化合物與式HNR6R6之二級或一級胺在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醚或其混合物)中、在偶合劑(例如但不限於DCC、EDC、HBTU、HATU、HCTU、TBTU或PyBOP)存在下、在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷或其混合物)中及在三級鹼(例如但不限於三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或吡啶)之可選存在下反應,從而得到式(X)化合物。可用鹼(例如但不限於氫氧化鋰、氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀)處理式(X)化合物,從而得到式(XI)化合物。可使式(XI)化合物與二級或一級胺在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、乙醚或其混合物)中在偶合劑(例如但不限於DCC、EDC、HBTU、HATU、HCTU、TBTU或PyBOP)存在下、在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷或其混合物)中且在三級鹼(例如但不限於三乙胺、二異丙基乙胺或吡啶)之可選存在下反應,從而得到式(III)化合物。
本發明化合物可具有一或多個立體中心,且每一中心可獨立地以R或S構型存在。在一個實施例中,本文所述化合物係以光學活性或外消旋形式存在。應瞭解,本文所述化合物涵蓋具有本文所述治療有用性質之外消旋、光學活性、區域異構體及立體異構體形式或其組合。
光學活性形式係以任何適宜方式製備,其非限制性實例包括採用
再結晶技術解析外消旋形式、從光學活性起始材料合成、對掌性合成法或使用對掌性固定相進行層析分離。在一個實施例中,利用一或多種異構體之混合物作為本文所述之治療性化合物。在另一實施例中,本文所述化合物含有一或多個對掌性中心。該等化合物係藉由任何方式製備,包括立體選擇性合成法、對映選擇性合成法及/或對映異構體及/或非對映異構體混合物之分離法。化合物及其異構體可藉由任何方式解析,其非限制性實例包括化學方法、酶方法、分步結晶、蒸餾及層析法。
本文所述方法及調配物包括使用具有任何本發明化合物結構的化合物的N-氧化物(若適當)、結晶形式(亦稱為多晶型物)、溶劑合物、非晶相及/或醫藥上可接受之鹽,以及具有相同活性類型之該等化合物的代謝產物及活性代謝產物。溶劑合物包括水、醚(例如四氫呋喃、甲基第三丁基醚)或醇(例如乙醇)溶劑合物、乙酸鹽及諸如此類。在一個實施例中,本文所述化合物係呈與醫藥上可接受之溶劑(例如水及乙醇)形成溶劑化形式存在。在另一實施例中,本文所述化合物係呈非溶劑化形式存在。
在一個實施例中,本發明化合物可呈互變異構體形式存在。所有互變異構體皆包括於本文所提供化合物的範疇內。
在一個實施例中,本文所述化合物係製成前藥。「前藥」係指可在活體內轉化成母體藥物的藥劑。在一個實施例中,在活體內投與後,前藥以化學方式轉化成化合物之生物、醫藥或治療活性形式。在另一實施例中,前藥經過一或多個步驟或過程,以酶促方式代謝成化合物之生物、醫藥或治療活性形式。
在一個實施例中,例如,本發明化合物之芳香環部分上的位點易於進行各種代謝反應。在芳香環結構上納入適當取代基可減少、最小化或消除此代謝途徑。在一個實施例中,適於減小或消除芳香環對代
謝反應之易感性之取代基係(僅舉例而言)氘、鹵素或烷基。
本文所述化合物亦包括同位素標記之化合物,其中一或多個原子由具有相同原子數但原子量或質量數與在自然界中通常發現之原子量或質量數不同之原子替代。適於納入本文所述化合物中之同位素之實例包括(但不限於)2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、36Cl、18F、123I、125I、13N、15N、15O、17O、18O、32P及35S。在一個實施例中,同位素標記之化合物可用於藥物及/或受質組織分佈研究中。在另一實施例中,用較重同位素(例如氘)進行取代可提供更大代謝穩定性(例如,增加之活體內半衰期或降低之劑量需求)。在又一實施例中,用正電子發射同位素(例如11C、18F、15O及13N)進行取代可在正電子發射斷層掃描(PET)研究中用於檢測受質受體佔據情況。同位素標記之化合物係藉由任何適宜方法或藉由使用適當同位素標記之試劑代原本使用之未經標記試劑來製備。
在一個實施例中,本文所述化合物係藉由其他方式(包括但不限於使用發色團或螢光部分、生物發光標記或化學發光標記)來標記。
本文所述化合物及具有不同取代基之其他有關化合物係使用本文所述及如下中所述技術及材料合成:例如,Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis,第1-17卷(John Wiley and Sons,1991);Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,第1-5卷及增刊(Elsevier Science Publishers,1989);Organic Reactions,第1-40卷(John Wiley and Sons,1991),Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations(VCH Publishers公司,1989),3月,Advanced Organic Chemistry,第4版(Wiley 1992);Carey及Sundberg,Advanced Organic Chemistry,第4版,第A及B卷(Plenum 2000,2001),及Green及Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版(Wiley 1999)(所有參考文獻之該等揭示內容皆以引用方式併入)。藉由使用適於引
入如本文提供之式中發現之不同部分的試劑及條件來改良如本文所述化合物之一般製備方法。
本文所述化合物係藉由使用任何適宜程序自可自商業來源購得或使用本文所述程序製備之化合物開始來合成。
在一個實施例中,對反應性官能基(例如羥基、胺基、亞胺基、硫基或羧基)進行保護以避免其不期望地參與反應。使用保護基團來阻斷一些或全部反應性部分並阻止該等基團參與化學反應,直至移除保護基團。在另一實施例中,各保護基團可藉由不同方式來移除。在完全不同的反應條件下裂解之保護基團滿足差別移除的要求。
在一個實施例中,藉由酸、鹼、還原條件(例如氫解)及/或氧化條件移除保護基團。諸如三苯甲基、二甲氧基三苯甲基、縮醛及第三丁基二甲基甲矽烷基等基團係酸不穩定性基團,且用於在經Cbz基團(其可藉由氫解來移除)及Fmoc基團(其為鹼不穩定性基團)保護的胺基存在下保護羧基及羥基反應性部分。在經諸如胺基甲酸第三丁基酯等酸不穩定性基團或酸及鹼穩定性但可水解移除的胺基甲酸酯阻斷的胺存在下,用鹼不穩定性基團(例如但不限於甲基、乙基及乙醯基)阻斷羧酸及羥基反應性部分。
在一個實施例中,用可水解移除之保護基團(例如苄基)阻斷羧酸及羥基反應性部分,同時用諸如Fmoc等鹼不穩定性基團阻斷能夠與酸氫鍵結的胺基。羧酸反應性部分係藉由轉化成本文例示之簡單酯化合物(其包括轉化成烷基酯)予以保護,或係用諸如2,4-二甲氧基苄基等可氧化移除之保護基團來阻斷,同時用氟化物不穩定性胺基甲酸甲矽烷基酯阻斷共存在之胺基。
烯丙基阻斷基團在酸及鹼保護基團存在下可用,此乃因前者穩定且可隨後機油哦金屬或π酸觸媒予以移除。舉例而言,在酸不穩定性胺基甲酸第三丁基酯或鹼不穩定性乙酸酯胺保護基團存在下經Pd催化
的反應使經烯丙基阻斷之羧酸去保護。保護基團之又一形式係可附接化合物或中間體的樹脂。只要將殘基附接至樹脂,官能基即被阻斷且不能反應。一旦自樹脂釋放,則官能基不能反應。
阻斷/保護基團通常可選自:
其他保護基團加上適用於產生及移除保護基團之技術的詳細說明闡述於以下中:Greene及Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley & Sons,New York,NY,1999,及Kocienski,Protective Groups,Thieme Verlag,New York,NY,1994,所述揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
分析
HBV衣殼蛋白質組裝測試
根據由Zlotnick及同事(Nature Biotechnology 2006,24:358)闡述之方案研發螢光淬滅活體外組裝HBV分析。該分析係基於以下觀察:HBV核蛋白質之C端在衣殼形成期間簇集在一起。此分析利用突變C150 HBV衣殼蛋白質,其中所有野生型半胱胺酸突變成丙胺酸,但保留C端半胱胺酸殘餘物並用螢光BoDIPY-FL染料標記。HBV C150Bo蛋白質高度發螢光,然在衣殼組裝製程期間螢光顯著降低。
因此,該分析藉由監測經標記衣殼C150Bo蛋白質之螢光來量測測試化合物調節衣殼組裝之能力及效力。
在典型分析中,將突變HBV C150蛋白質(胺基酸1-150、C49A、C61A、C107A、150C)選殖至在大腸桿菌中表現之基於T7 RNA-聚合酶之表現載體中並純化為均質二聚體。使純化HBV核蛋白質去鹽並用BODIPY-FL染料標記。
在一非限制性實施例中,在96孔板格式中實施組裝分析。在50mM Hepes緩衝液(pH 7.5)及150mM NaCl中實施組裝反應。將化合物與HBV CA蛋白質一起預培育15min,且藉由添加NaCl起始組裝反應。使反應於室溫下繼續1小時。
為測定對衣殼組裝之效應,最初以4種不同濃度篩選每一測試化合物:10μM、3μM、1μM及0.3μM,一式兩份。主要目標係於10μM下在組裝分析中顯示活性之化合物且該等活性化合物之代表性群組示於表1中。在如本文別處所述之隨訪研究中確認所識別主要目標。在該等實驗中使用HBV CA組裝之已知調節劑(例如HAP-1及BAY 41-4109)作為對照化合物且其呈現與文獻一致之EC50值。經由劑量-反應曲線之分析測定測試化合物之EC50值。
HBV抗病毒測試
在細胞分析中測試在HBV組裝分析中具有活性之化合物的活性及毒性。在第一抗病毒分析中,使用圓點印記法評價化合物抑制HBV在產生HBV之肝細胞瘤細胞系中複製之能力。
簡言之,用含有不同濃度之測試化合物之完全培養基培育HepG2-2.2.15細胞之融合單層。三天後,將培養基更換為含有適當稀釋之測試化合物之新鮮培養基。最初投與測試化合物六天後,收集細胞培養上清液並實施細胞裂解。將試樣施加於Nylos膜上並藉由UV交聯將DNA固定至膜。預雜交後,添加HBV探針並實施雜交過夜。將膜
暴露於Kodak薄膜;自HBV DNA量(EC50)之減少計算抗病毒活性。自活性化合物之劑量反應曲線計算抗病毒活性之EC50。藉由使用標準陽性對照化合物ETV、BAY 41-4109及HAP-1監測隨時間之分析性能。
在此相同HepG2-2.2.15細胞系中使用如由製造商(Promega)推薦使用之基於CellTiter Blue之細胞毒性分析量測化合物細胞毒性(TC50)。為確認並論述該等結果,使用穩定HBV細胞系HepG2.2.15並藉由實時PCR量測抗HBV效力並藉由CellTiter Blue量測細胞毒性對活性化合物實施第二抗病毒分析。在此分析中,在接種細胞24小時後,將HepG2-2.2.15細胞與含有不同濃度之測試化合物之培養基一起培育,其中使用BAY 41-4109及HAP-1作為陽性對照。三天後,將培養基更換為含有適當稀釋之測試化合物之新鮮培養基。最初投與測試化合物六天後,收集細胞培養物,之後使用QIAamp 96 DNA Blood Kit(Qiagen)進行HBV DNA萃取。稀釋所萃取HBV DNA並藉由實時PCR進行分析。藉由繪製Ct值對HBV質粒標準物之量之曲線生成標準曲線。藉由施用染料攝取方法(CellTiter Blue kit,Promega)類似於上述方法測定細胞毒性。
HBV前基因組RNA(pgRNA)納入之防止
在HBV複製之兩個不同細胞培養物模型中基於本發明化合物阻抑細胞外及細胞內HBV DNA產生之能力評定本發明化合物之抗病毒活性。為評定該等效應是否係由於細胞內衣殼組裝被破壞,實施可對細胞內病毒衣殼、以及衣殼化前基因組RNA及DNA進行定量之顆粒-凝膠分析。該分析依賴於病毒衣殼與無衣殼/核之亞單元及病毒pg-RNA及DNA的瓊脂糖凝膠分離。
治療方法
本發明包括治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明亦包括為有需要之個體減少與HBV感染相關之病毒負荷的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明進一步包括為有需要之個體減少HBV感染復發的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明亦包括為有需要之個體減少HBV感染的生理影響的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明進一步包括減少、減緩或抑制有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明亦亦包括為有需要之個體誘發緩解因HBV感染之肝損傷的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明進一步包括為有需要之個體減少HBV感染的長期抗病毒療法之生理影響的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明亦包括根除有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
本發明進一步包括為有需要之個體預防性治療HBV感染的方法,其中該個體患有潛在的HBV感染,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明化合物。
在一個實施例中,本文所述方法進一步包含投與至少一種選自由以下組成之群之治療劑:核苷酸/核苷類似物、進入抑制劑、融合抑制劑及該等或其他抗病毒機制之任一組合。在另一實施例中,共同調配本發明化合物及至少一種額外治療劑。在又一實施例中,共同投與本發明化合物及至少一種額外治療劑。
在一個實施例中,個體對其他治療類別之藥物(例如HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、文獻闡述之衣殼組裝調節劑、獨特或未知機制之抗病毒化合物及諸如此類或其組
合)產生頑抗性。在另一實施例中,與其他治療類別之HBV藥物減少患有HBV感染之個體之病毒負荷之程度相比,本發明方法更大程度地減少個體的病毒負荷。
在一個實施例中,本發明方法減少患有HBV感染之個體的病毒負荷,由此允許使用較低劑量或組合療法之變化方案。
在一個實施例中,與其他類別之HBV藥物相比,本發明方法引起較低病毒突變及/或病毒抗性之發生率,藉此允許長期療法並使治療方案變化之需要最小化。
在一個實施例中,本發明方法使血清轉化率增加超過當前治療方案之血清轉化率。
在一個實施例中,本發明方法提高及/或正規化及/或恢復正常健康,引起正常健康完全痊癒,恢復預期壽命,及/或使有需要之個體之病毒感染消退。
在一個實施例中,本發明方法自感染HBV之個體根除HBV,藉此消除長期及/或終身治療之需要,或縮短治療之持續時間,及/或允許減少其他抗病毒劑之劑量。
因此,在一個實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式II化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IIa化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IIb化合物或其
醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IIc化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式III化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IV化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IVa化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IVb化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式IVc化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式V化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式VI化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方
法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式VIa化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式VIb化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式VII化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
因此,在一個實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物318。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物890。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物826。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物891。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物903。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物917。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物924。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物922。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物955D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物955D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物129。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物132。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物142。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物278。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物305。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物318。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物404。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物507。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物531。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物597D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物634。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物694。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物754。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物758。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物768。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物803。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物820。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物919。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物824_D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物824_D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物825_D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物825_D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物826。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物843。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物851。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1157。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物867_D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物867_D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物875。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1161。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物901。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物903。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物916。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物960D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物960D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物953。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物922。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物924。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物927。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物931。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物935。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物942。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物946D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物946D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物955D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物955D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物952。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物958。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物964D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物964D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物976D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物988。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1008。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1021。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1022。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1035。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1078D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1086。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1091。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1105。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1114。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1126。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1134CT1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1134CT2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1149。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1281D1。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1281D2。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1116。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1130。
在另一實施例中,本文提供治療有需要之個體之HBV感染的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之化合物1135D1。
組合療法
本發明化合物意欲與一或多種用於治療HBV感染之額外化合物組合使用。該等額外化合物可包含本發明化合物或已知用於治療、預防HBV感染或減少HBV感染之症狀或效應的化合物。該等化合物包括(但不限於)HBV聚合酶抑制劑、干擾素、病毒進入抑制劑、病毒成熟抑制劑、文獻闡述之衣殼組裝調節劑及具有影響HBV生命週期及/或影響HBV感染之結果之獨特或未知機制的其他藥劑。
在非限制性實例中,本發明化合物可與一或多種選自由以下組成之群之藥物(或其鹽、溶劑合物或前藥)組合使用:HBV逆轉錄酶抑制劑、及DNA及RNA聚合酶抑制劑,其包括(但不限於):拉米夫定(3TC、幹安能(Zeffix)、海托韋(Heptovir)、肝安能(Epivir)及肝安能-HBV)、恩替卡韋(博路定(Baraclude)、貝樂克(Entavir))、阿德福韋酯(adefovir dipivoxil)(肝適能(Hepsara)、普旺(Preveon)、雙-POM PMEA)、替諾福韋雙索酯富馬酸鹽(韋瑞德
(Viread)、TDF或PMPA);干擾素,其包括(但不限於)干擾素α(IFN-α)、干擾素λ(IFN-λ)及干擾素γ(IFN-γ);病毒進入抑制劑;病毒成熟抑制劑;文獻闡述之衣殼組裝調節劑,例如但不限於BAY 41-4109;獨特或未知機制之化合物,例如但不限於AT-61((E)-N-(1-氯-3-側氧基-1-苯基-3-(六氫吡啶-1-基)丙-1-烯-2-基)苯甲醯胺)、AT-130((E)-N-(1-溴-1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-3-側氧基-3-(六氫吡啶-1-基)丙-1-烯-2-基)-4-硝基苯甲醯胺)及相似類似物。
在另一實施例中,額外治療劑選自:免疫調節劑或免疫刺激劑療法,其包括屬於干擾素類別之生物試劑,例如干擾素α 2a或2b或經改良干擾素(例如聚乙二醇化干擾素α 2a、α 2b、λ);或TLR調節劑(例如TLR-7激動劑或TLR-9激動劑)、或阻斷病毒進入或成熟或靶向HBV聚合酶之抗病毒劑(例如核苷或核苷酸或非核苷(核苷酸)聚合酶抑制劑)、及獨特或未知機制之藥劑(包括破壞HBV複製或持續性所需之其他必需病毒蛋白質或宿主蛋白質之功能的藥劑)。
在組合療法之一實施例中,逆轉錄酶抑制劑DNA及/或RNA聚合酶抑制劑:齊多夫定、去羥肌苷、紮西他濱、ddA、司他夫定、拉米夫定、阿巴卡韋、恩曲他濱、恩替卡韋、阿立他濱、阿替韋拉平、利巴韋林、阿昔洛維、泛昔洛韋、伐昔洛韋、更昔洛韋、纈更昔洛韋、替諾福韋、阿德福韋、PMPA、西多福韋、依法韋侖、奈韋拉平、地拉韋啶或依曲韋林。
在組合療法之另一實施例中,TLR-7激動劑係選自由以下組成之群:SM360320(9-苄基-8-羥基-2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)腺嘌呤)及AZD 8848([3-({[3-(6-胺基-2-丁氧基-8-側氧基-7,8-二氫-9H-嘌呤-9-基)丙
基][3-(4-嗎啉基)丙基]胺基}甲基)苯基]乙酸甲酯)。
可使用(例如)適宜方法計算協同效應,該等方法係(例如)S形-Emax方程(Holford及Scheiner,19981,Clin.Pharmacokinet.6:429-453)、Loewe加性方程(Loewe及Muischnek,1926,Arch.Exp.Pathol Pharmacol.114:313-326)及中值效應方程(Chou及Talalay,1984,Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55)。可將上文提及之每一方程施加至實驗數據以產生相應圖表以有助於評定藥物組合之效應。與上文提及之方程相關之相應圖表分別係濃度效應曲線、等效線圖曲線及組合指數曲線。
投與/劑量/調配
投與方案可影響有效量之構成。可在HBV感染發作之前或之後向患者投與治療性調配物。此外,若干分開劑量以及錯開劑量可每天或依次投與,或者該劑量可連續輸注,或者可係濃注。此外,治療性調配物之劑量可依照治療或預防情形的緊急程度所示按比例增加或減少。
可使用已知程序、以有效治療患者之HBV感染之劑量及持續時間期實施向患者(較佳哺乳動物,更佳人類)投與本發明組合物。達成治療效應所需之治療性化合物之有效量可根據以下因素變化:例如患者之疾病或病症之狀態;患者之年齡、性別及體重;及治療性化合物治療患者之HBV感染之能力。可對劑量方案進行調整以獲得最佳治療反應。舉例而言,每日可投與若干分開劑量或者該劑量可依照治療情形之緊急程度所示按比例減少。本發明之治療性化合物之有效劑量範圍的非限制性實例係約1mg至5,000mg/kg體重/天。彼等熟習此項技術者應能對有關因素進行研究並作出關於治療性化合物之有效量的決定而無需過多實驗。
本發明醫藥組合物中活性成份之實際劑量量可有所變化,以獲得對於特定患者、組合物及投與模式達到期望治療反應而對患者不具毒
性之有效活性成份量。
具體而言,所選劑量量可端視多種因素而定,該等因素包括所用特定化合物之活性;投與時間;化合物之排泄速度;治療之持續時間;與該化合物組合使用之其他藥物、化合物或材料;所治療患者之年齡、性別、體重、狀況、一般健康狀況及先前用藥史及醫藥技術中熟知之類似因素。
具有一般技術之醫師(例如內科醫師或獸醫)可容易地確定並處方所需醫藥組合物之有效量。舉例而言,為達成期望治療效果,內科醫師或獸醫開始可以低於所需值投與醫藥組合物中所用本發明化合物之劑量,並逐漸增加該劑量直至已達成期望效應。
在特定實施例中,以劑量單位形式來調配組合物尤其有利於方便投與及達成劑量一致性。本文所用劑量單元形式係指適於作為單位劑量供欲接受治療之患者使用的物理分散單元;各單元含有預定量的活性化合物,此預定量經計算可與所需醫藥媒劑一起產生期望治療效應。本發明之劑量單元形式取決於且直接依賴於:(a)治療性化合物之獨特特性及欲達成之特定治療效應,及(b)業內複合/調配此治療化合物以治療患者之HBV感染之固有限制條件。
在一個實施例中,使用一或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑或載劑調配本發明組合物。在一個實施例中,本發明醫藥組合物包含治療有效量之本發明化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
載劑可為溶劑或分散介質,其含有(例如)水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇及液體聚乙二醇及諸如此類)、其適宜混合物及植物油。可藉由(例如)使用諸如卵磷脂等包衣、藉由保持所需粒徑(對於分散劑而言)及藉由使用表面活性劑維持適當流動性。可藉由多種抗菌劑及抗真菌劑(例如,對羥基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、抗壞血酸、硫柳汞及諸如此類)來達成預防微生物作用。在許多情況下,該
組合物中較佳包括等滲劑,例如糖類、氯化鈉或多元醇(例如甘露醇及山梨醇)。可藉由在組合物中包括延遲吸收之試劑(例如單硬脂酸鋁或明膠)達成可注射組合物之延長吸收。在一個實施例中,醫藥上可接受之載劑並非僅係DMSO。
在一個實施例中,以每天1至5次或更多次範圍內之劑量向患者投與本發明組合物。在另一實施例中,以包括(但不限於)每天、每兩天、每三天一次至每週一次及每兩週一次之劑量範圍向患者投與本發明組合物。彼等熟習此項技術者應容易地明瞭,本發明各種組合組合物之投與頻率可端視多種因素因個體而異,該等因素包括(但不限於)年齡、欲治療之疾病或病況、性別、整體健康狀況及其他因素。因此,本發明不應理解為限於任何特定劑量方案及精確劑量且欲投與任何患者之組合物將由主治醫師考慮關於患者之所有其他因素決定。
用於投與之本發明化合物可在以下範圍內:約1μg至約10,000mg、約20μg至約9,500mg、約40μg至約9,000mg、約75μg至約8,500mg、約150μg至約7,500mg、約200μg至約7,000mg、約3050μg至約6,000mg、約500μg至約5,000mg、約750μg至約4,000mg、約1mg至約3,000mg、約10mg至約2,500mg、約20mg至約2,000mg、約25mg至約1,500mg、約30mg至約1,000mg、約40mg至約900mg、約50mg至約800mg、約60mg至約750mg、約70mg至約600mg、約80mg至約500mg、及其之間之任何及所有整個或部分增量。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物之劑量係約1mg及約2,500mg。在一些實施例中,本文所述組合物中所用之本發明化合物之劑量係小於約10,000mg、或小於約8,000mg、或小於約6,000mg、或小於約5,000mg、或小於約3,000mg、或小於約2,000mg、或小於約1,000mg、或小於約500mg、或小於約200mg、或小於約50mg。類似地,在一些實施例中,如本文所述第二化合物(即,用於治療帕金森氏病
(Parkinson's Disease)之藥物)之劑量係小於約1,000mg、或小於約800mg、或小於約600mg、或小於約500mg、或小於約400mg、或小於約300mg、或小於約200mg、或小於約100mg、或小於約50mg、或小於約40mg、或小於約30mg、或小於約25mg、或小於約20mg、或小於約15mg、或小於約10mg、或小於約5mg、或小於約2mg、或小於約1mg、或小於約0.5mg及其任何及所有整個或部分增量。
在一個實施例中,本發明係關於包含以下之封裝醫藥組合物:容納單獨治療有效量之本發明化合物或與第二醫藥試劑之組合之容器;及使用該化合物治療、預防患者之HBV感染或減少該感染之一或多種症狀的說明書。
調配物可與適於經口、非經腸、經鼻、靜脈內、皮下、經腸或業內已知之任一其他適宜投與模式的習用賦形劑(即,醫藥上可接受之有機或無機載劑物質)混合使用。醫藥製劑可經滅菌且(若需要)與輔助試劑(例如,潤滑劑、防腐劑、穩定劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑、影響滲透壓緩衝液之鹽、著色、矯味及/或芳香族物質及諸如此類)混合。若需要,其亦可與其他活性劑(例如其他止痛劑)組合。
任何本發明組合物之投與途徑包括經口、經鼻、經直腸、陰道內、非經腸、經頰、舌下或局部。用於本發明中之化合物可經調配以藉由任何適宜途徑投與,例如經口或非經腸,例如皮下、經黏膜(例如,經舌下、經舌、(穿)頰、(穿)尿道、陰道(例如,穿陰道及經陰道周圍)、經鼻(內)及(穿)直腸)、膀胱內、肺內、十二指腸內、胃內、鞘內、皮下、肌內、皮內、動脈內、靜脈內、枝氣管內、吸入及局部投與。
適宜組合物及劑型包括(例如)錠劑、膠囊、膜衣錠、丸劑、凝膠蓋、口含錠、分散液、懸浮液、溶液、糖漿、顆粒劑、珠粒、經皮貼劑、凝膠、粉劑、小丸、乳漿劑、菱形錠劑、乳霜、膏糊、石膏、洗
液、盤、栓劑、經鼻或經口投與之液體噴霧、吸入之乾粉或氣溶膠化調配物、膀胱內投與之組合物及調配物及諸如此類。應瞭解,可用於本發明中之調配物及組合物並不限於本文所述之特定調配物及組合物。
經口投與
對於經口施加而言,尤其適宜者係錠劑、糖衣丸、液體、滴劑、栓劑、或膠囊、膜衣錠及凝膠蓋。意欲經口使用之組合物可根據業內已知之任一方法製備且該等組合物可含有一或多種選自由適於製造錠劑之惰性、無毒性醫藥賦形劑組成之群之試劑。該等賦形劑包括(例如)惰性稀釋劑,例如乳糖;製粒劑及崩解劑,例如玉米澱粉;結合劑,例如澱粉;及潤滑劑,例如硬脂酸鎂。錠劑可無包衣或其可藉由已知技術包被以美化或延遲活性成份之釋放。經口施用之調配物亦可以硬明膠膠囊形式提供,其中混合活性成份與惰性稀釋劑。
對於經口投與而言,本發明化合物可呈藉由習用方式利用醫藥上可接受之賦形劑製備之錠劑或膠囊形式,該等賦形劑係(例如)結合劑(例如,聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、羥丙基纖維素或羥丙基甲基纖維素);填充劑(例如,玉米澱粉、乳糖、微晶纖維素或磷酸鈣);潤滑劑(例如,硬脂酸鎂、滑石粉或二氧化矽);崩解劑(例如,澱粉乙醇酸鈉);或潤濕劑(例如,月桂基硫酸鈉)。若需要,可使用適宜方法及包被材料(例如,可自Colorcon,West Point,Pa.購得之OPADRYTM膜包被系統(例如,OPADRYTM OY類型、OYC類型、Organic Enteric OY-P類型、Aqueous Enteric OY-A類型、OY-PM類型及OPADRYTM White、32K18400))包被錠劑。經口投與之液體製劑可呈溶液、糖漿或懸浮液形式。該等液體製劑可藉由習用方式利用醫藥上可接受之添加劑來製備,該等添加劑係(例如)懸浮劑(例如,山梨醇糖漿、甲基纖維素或氫化食用脂肪);乳化劑(例如,卵磷脂或阿拉伯樹膠);非水性媒劑(例
如,杏仁油、油性酯或乙醇);及防腐劑(例如,對羥基苯甲酸甲酯或對羥基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸)。
製粒技術已為醫藥領域所熟知用於改良起始粉末或活性成份之其他微粒材料。通常將粉末與黏合劑材料混合成較大的永久自由流動之聚集物或顆粒劑,稱作「製粒」。舉例而言,使用溶劑之「濕」製粒製程的特徵通常在於在可形成隨後必須蒸發溶劑之濕製粒物質之條件下合併粉末與黏合劑材料並用水或有機溶劑潤濕。
熔融製粒通常在於基本上在不存在添加水或其他液體溶劑下使用於室溫下係固體或半固體(即具有相對較低軟化或熔點範圍)之材料以促進粉末化或其他材料之製粒。低熔點固體在加熱至熔點範圍內之溫度時液化以起黏合劑或製粒介質作用。液化固體自身在與其接觸之粉末化材料表面上鋪開,且在冷卻時形成與初始材料結合在一起之固體製粒物質。隨後可將所得熔融製粒提供至錠劑壓機或經囊封以製備經口劑型。熔融製粒藉由形成固體分散液或固體溶液改良活性物質(即藥物)之溶解速率及生物利用度。
美國專利第5,169,645號揭示具有改良流動性質之可直接壓縮之含蠟顆粒劑。在蠟以熔融形式與某些改良流動之添加劑混合、之後冷卻混合物並對其進行製粒時獲得顆粒劑。在某些實施例中,在蠟及添加劑之熔融組合中,僅蠟本身熔融,且在其他情形下,蠟及添加劑二者均熔融。
本發明亦包括多層錠劑,其包含可使一或多種本發明化合物延遲釋放之層及可使用於治療帕金森氏病之醫藥即刻釋放的又一層。使用蠟/pH敏感性聚合物混合物,可獲得胃不溶性組合物,其中包埋活性成份,從而確保其延遲釋放。
非經腸投與
對於非經腸投與而言,本發明化合物可調配用於注射或輸注(例
如靜脈內、肌內或皮下注射或輸注),或用於以濃注及/或連續輸注形式投與。可使用視情況含有其他調配劑(例如懸浮劑、穩定劑及/或分散劑)之存於油性或水性媒劑中之懸浮液、溶液或乳液。
其他投與形式
本發明之其他劑型包括如美國專利第6,340,475號、第6,488,962號、第6,451,808號、第5,972,389號、第5,582,837號及第5,007,790號中所述之劑型。本發明之其他劑型亦包括如美國專利申請案第20030147952號、第20030104062號、第20030104053號、第20030044466號、第20030039688號及第20020051820號中所述之劑型。本發明之其他劑型亦包括如PCT申請案第WO 03/35041號、第WO 03/35040號、第WO 03/35029號、第WO 03/35177號、第WO 03/35039號、第WO 02/96404號、第WO 02/32416號、第WO 01/97783號、第WO 01/56544號、第WO 01/32217號、第WO 98/55107號、第WO 98/11879號、第WO 97/47285號、第WO 93/18755號及第WO 90/11757號中所述之劑型。
受控釋放調配物及藥物遞送系統
在一個實施例中,本發明調配物可為(但不限於)短期、快速消除以及受控(例如持續釋放、延遲釋放及脈衝釋放)調配物。
術語持續釋放係以其習用含義使用,係指藥物調配物,其在延長時間期內達成藥物之逐漸釋放,且可(儘管未必一定)在延長時間期內導致基本上恆定之血液藥物含量。時間期可長達1個月或更長且應為釋放長於以濃注形式投與之相同量之藥劑。
對於持續釋放而言,化合物可與為化合物提供持續釋放性質之適宜聚合物或疏水材料調配在一起。因此,使用本發明方法之化合物可以微粒形式藉由(例如)注射或以薄片或盤形式藉由植入投與。
在本發明之一個實施例中,將本發明化合物單獨或與另一醫藥試
劑組合使用持續釋放調配物投與患者。
術語延遲釋放係以其習用含義用於本文中,係指如下藥物調配物:在藥物投與後一定延遲後達成藥物之初始釋放,且可(儘管未必一定)包括延遲約10分鐘至約12小時。
術語脈衝釋放係以其習用含義用於本文中,係指如下藥物調配物:以在藥物投與後產生藥物之脈衝血漿性質的方式達成藥物之釋放。
術語即刻釋放係以其習用含義使用,係指如下藥物調配物:在藥物投與後即刻達成藥物之釋放。
如本文所用短期係指在藥物投與後最長且包括以下之任一時間期:約8小時、約7小時、約6小時、約5小時、約4小時、約3小時、約2小時、約1小時、約40分鐘、約20分鐘、或約10分鐘及其任何或所有整個或部分增量。
如本文所用快速消除係指在藥物投與後最多且包括以下之任一時間期:約8小時、約7小時、約6小時、約5小時、約4小時、約3小時、約2小時、約1小時、約40分鐘、約20分鐘、或約10分鐘及其任何及所有整個或部分增量。
投藥劑量
本發明化合物之治療有效量或劑量將端視患者之年齡、性別及體重、患者之當前醫學狀況及所治療患者之HBV感染的進展而定。熟習此項技術者端視該等及其他因素能夠確定適當劑量。
本發明化合物之適宜劑量可在如下範圍內:約0.01mg至約5,000mg/天,例如約0.1mg至約1,000mg、例如約1mg至約500mg、例如約5mg至約250mg/天。該劑量可以單次劑量或以多次劑量(例如每天1至4次或更多次)投與。在使用多次劑量時,每一劑量之量可相同或不同。舉例而言,1mg/天之劑量可分成兩個0.5mg劑量投與,其中
在劑量之間間隔約12小時。
應瞭解,在非限制性實例中,可每天、每隔一天、每2天、每3天、每4天或每5天投與化合物之日劑量。舉例而言,在每隔一天投與之情況下,可在星期一開始投與5mg之日劑量,在星期三第一次接續投與5mg之日劑量,在星期五第二次接續投與5mg之日劑量,依此類推。
在患者狀況確實改善之情形下,遵醫囑,視情況連續投與本發明之抑制劑;或者,暫時降低或暫時中止所投與藥物劑量一段時間(即,「休藥期」)。休藥期的長度視情況介於2天至1年之間,包括(僅舉例而言)2天、3天、4天、5天、6天、7天、10天、12天、15天、20天、28天、35天、50天、70天、100天、120天、150天、180天、200天、250天、280天、300天、320天、350天或365天。休藥期期間的劑量降低包括10%至100%,包括(僅舉例而言)10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或100%。
在患者病況得以改良後,視需要投與維持劑量。隨後,將隨病毒負荷變化之投與劑量或投與頻率或二者降低到保持疾病改良的程度。在一個實施例中,在任一症狀及/或感染復發時,患者需要長期間歇治療。
用於本發明方法中之化合物可調配於單位劑型中。術語「單位劑型」係指適於作為單位劑量用於經歷治療之患者的物理離散單位,其中每一單位含有經計算可視情況與一種或多種適宜醫藥載劑結合產生期望治療效應的預定量的活性材料。單位劑型可針對單一日劑量或多個日劑量中之一者(例如,約1至4次或更多次/天)。在使用多個日劑量時,針對每一劑量之單位劑型可相同或不同。
視情況在細胞培養物或實驗動物中測定該等治療方案之毒性及治
療功效,包括但不限於測定LD50(導致50%群體死亡之劑量)及ED50(在50%群體中治療有效之劑量)。毒性與治療效應間之劑量比係治療指數,將其表示為LD50與ED50之比率。呈現高治療指數之衣殼組裝抑制劑較佳。自細胞培養分析及動物研究獲得之數據視情況用於調配用於人類多種劑量。該等衣殼組裝抑制劑之劑量較佳在具有最小毒性之循環濃度範圍內(包括ED50)。端視所用劑型及所用投與途徑而定,劑量視情況在此範圍內變化。
彼等熟習此項技術者使用常規實驗即可識別或或能夠確定本文所述具體程序、實施例、申請專利範圍及實例之諸多等效形式。該等等效形式視為在本發明之範疇內且由隨附申請專利範圍涵蓋。舉例而言,應瞭解,利用業內公認之替代物並使用常規實驗即可進行之反應條件(包括(但不限於)反應時間、反應大小/體積、及實驗試劑(例如溶劑)、觸媒、壓力、大氣條件(例如氮氣氛)、及還原劑/氧化劑)之改良形式在本申請案之範疇內。
應瞭解,只要本文提供值及範圍,所有值及範圍皆欲涵蓋在本發明之範疇內。此外,本發明亦涵蓋屬於該等範圍內之所有值以及值之範圍之上限或下限。
以下實例進一步闡釋本發明之態樣。然而,其絕不限制本文所述本發明之教示或揭示內容。
實例
現參照以下實例對本發明進行闡述。該等實例僅出於闡釋目的提供,且本發明並不限於該等實例,而是涵蓋由於本文提供之教示明顯之所有變化形式。
材料:
除非另有說明,否則所有起始材料及樹脂均自商業供應商獲得且無需純化即使用。
文庫一般設計
區域A(胺及胺基醇):
區域B(核變化):
區域C(苯胺、胺及芳基羧酸):
部分I 中間體合成(區域A、B及C)
1 區域A中間體之製備
1.1 A46/47/48之製備
1.1.1 製劑2之合成程序
於rt下向化合物1(5g,21.8mmol)及N,O_二甲基羥基胺(1.6g,26.2mmol)存於DCM(50mL)中之溶液中添加HATU(9.9g,26.2mmol)及Et3N(2.65g,26.2mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用水洗滌,並藉由管柱層析純化,從而產生期望產物(3g,51%)。
1.1.2 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向化合物2(500mg,1.84mmol)存於無水THF(5mL)中之溶液中添加CH3MgBr(0.8mL,2.4mmol)。將所形成混合物升溫至室溫。用NH4Cl水溶液淬滅反應。將有機層分離並用EtOAc(10mL×2)萃取。濃縮合併之有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(300mg,72%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.04(br,2H),2.73(t,2H),2.43(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),1.82(m,2H),1.53(m,2H),1.45(s,9H)。
1.2.3 A46之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(350mg,1.54mmol)存於無水DCM(5mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(2mL)中之HCl。將所形成混合物攪拌2h。濃縮所形成混合物以產生用於下一步驟中之期望產物(260mg,100%)。
根據與 A46 類似之程序製備 A47/48 。
1.2 A73-80之製備
2.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃至4℃下向存於THF中之RMgBr(0.5M,20mmol)中添加化合物1(2.0g,10.56mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌3h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。
2.2 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向化合物2(10mmol)存於DMF(40mL)中之溶液中添加NaH(10mmol)。在攪拌30min後,逐滴添加MeI(10mmol)存於DMF(5mL)中之溶液,並於rt下攪拌4h。將混合物倒入水中並用EA萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
2.3 A73-80之製備
向化合物2或3存於MeOH中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(100mg),並在H2及50psi下將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。過濾Pd並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物。
1.3 A81/82之製備
1.3.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向化合物1(1.9g,10mmol)存於DMSO(30mL)中之溶液中添加Me3SOI(3.3g,15mmol)、之後添加NaH(0.6g,16mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物倒入水中並用EA萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。(0.46g,23%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ:7.34(m,4H),7.30(m,1H),3.55(s,2H),2.62(s,2H),2.55(m,4H),1.83(m,2H),1.52(m,2H)。
1.3.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (3.0g,14.76mmol)存於H2SO4(60mL,0.2M)中之混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用NaOH溶液中和至pH8。用EtOAc萃取所形成混合物。濃縮合併之有機層,從而產生期望產物(1.5g,46%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:7.32(m,4H),7.27(m,1H),3.52(s,2H),3.44(s,2H),2.64(m,2H),2.36(m,2H),2.03(m,2H),1.59(m,4H)。
1.3.3 A81之製備
向化合物3(500mg,2mmol)存於CH3OH(5mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(50mg)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(200mg,68%)。
1.3.4 化合物4之製備
於rt下向A12(100mg,0.762mmol)及Et3N(116mg,1.14mmol)存於MeOH(3mL)中之溶液中添加Boc2O(200mg,0.915mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。濃縮混合物並用DCM(20ml)稀釋。將所得混合物用水洗滌。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,其用於下一步驟(180mg,68%)。
1.3.5 化合物5之製備
於rt下向NaH(125mg,3.11mmol)存於THF(3mL)中之懸浮液中添加 化合物4 之溶液(240mg,1.04mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3I(736mg,5.19mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,且濃縮所形成混合物以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(200mg,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:3.72(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),3.29(s,2H),3.24(s,3H),3.06(m,2H),1.74(m,2H),1.47(m,1H),1.46(s,9H),1.42(m,1H)。
1.3.6 A82之製備
將化合物5 (200mg,0.77mmol)用存於甲醇(10mL)中之4N HCl處理,於rt下攪拌20min。在真空中濃縮混合物,從而產生HCl鹽(150
mg,99%)。
1.4 A67-72之製備
1.4.1 化合物2之製備
於-30℃下向無水THF溶液(20mL)中減緩添加LDA(4mmol)。將溶液冷凍至-75℃且隨後逐滴添加存於THF(10mL)中之化合物1(1.00g,3.89mmol)。在添加後,將反應混合物於-30℃下攪拌1h。逐滴添加存於THF(10mL)中之RX(5mmol)。將所得混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。添加NH4Cl水溶液(30mL)並用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取水層。乾燥並濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由矽膠上管柱對其進行純化,從而產生產物。
1.4.2 化合物3之製備
將化合物2(4.87mmol)溶解於HCl/二噁烷(20mL)中。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。移除溶劑以產生產物。
1.4.3 A67/68/69之製備
於0℃下將LiAlH4(367.80mg,9.93mmol)懸浮於無水THF(30mL)中。減緩添加存於無水THF(10mL)中之化合物3(4.96mmol)。將反應混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物用水(0.37mL)及10% NaOH(0.37mL)淬滅,隨後添加水(1.11mL)。將混合物於RT下攪拌30min並過濾。濃縮濾液以產生產物。
1.4.4 化合物4之製備
向TEA(6mmol)及Boc2O(5mmol)存於DCM(40mL)中之混合物中添加 A14/15/16 (4.2mmol),並於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用1N HCl、NaHCO3及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
1.4.5 化合物5之製備
將NaH(13mmol)懸浮於無水THF(10mL)中並冷卻至0℃。減緩添加化合物4(6.55mmol)存於無水THF(10mL)中之溶液。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌20min且隨後逐滴添加MeI(1.4g,9.8mmol)。將所
得混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物用水洗滌並濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
1.4.6 A70/71/72之製備
將化合物5(3.4mmol)溶解於HCl/二噁烷(20mL)中。將混合物於RT下攪拌2h。移除溶劑以產生產物。
1.5 A84-89之製備
1.5.1 化合物2之製備
於rt下向化合物1(2.0g,7.37mmol)及K2CO3(3.06g,22.11mmol)存於丙酮(80mL)中之溶液中減緩添加RX(2.30g,14.74mmol)。將反應混合物在回流下攪拌過夜。過濾並濃縮反應混合物。將殘餘物溶解於水(50mL)中並用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生產物。
1.5.2 化合物3之製備
將化合物2(13.36mmol)溶解於20% HCl(50mL)中。將反應混合物於回流下攪拌2天。移除溶劑並將粗產物溶解於THF(100mL)及H2O(20mL)中。添加Boc2O(5.83g,26.73mmol)及Na2CO3(4.25g,40.10mmol).將反應混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。藉由管柱純化粗產物,從而產生產物。
1.5.3 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(11.00mmol)存於乙醇(50mL)中之溶液中減緩添加KBH4(0.712g,13.20mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌0.5h並於RT下攪拌2h。將反應混合物倒入水(50mL)中並用DCM(50mL×3)萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生產物。
1.5.4 A84/85/86之製備
將化合物4(4.36mmol)溶解於HCl/二噁烷(20mL)中。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。移除溶劑以產生產物。
1.5.5 化合物5之製備
於0℃下向化合物4(17mmol)存於無水THF(10mL)中之溶液中減
緩添加NaH(20mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下減緩攪拌,隨後逐滴添加MeI(20mmol)。將所得混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物用水洗滌並濃縮。藉由層析純化,從而產生產物。
1.5.4 A87/88/89之製備
將化合物5(5.5mmol)溶解於HCl/二噁烷(25mL)中。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。移除溶劑以產生產物。
1.6 A103/104之製備
1.6.1 化合物2之製備
向化合物1之溶液(1.9mmol)中添加存於MeOH(20ml)中之NaOH(1.9mmol),並於rt下攪拌30min。逐份添加NaBH4(14.4mmol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。減緩添加水,並於rt下攪拌30min。將混合物用EA萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
1.6.2 A104之製備
向化合物2(450mg,2mmol)存於MeOH(50mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(100mg),並在H2及50psi下將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(230mg,88%)。
遵循與A104相同之程序製備A103。
1.7 A90/91/92之製備
1.7.1 化合物2之製備
於-78℃下向二異丙基醯胺鋰溶液(13mL,2.0M,存於THF中,26mmol)中添加乙酸乙酯(2.11g,24mmol)存於THF(30mL)中之溶
液。在相同溫度下攪拌30min後,添加化合物1(3.8g,20mmol)存於THF(30mL)中之溶液並將混合物於-40℃下攪拌15h。將反應溶液用飽和NH4Cl(100mL)淬滅並用乙酸乙酯(250mL×2)萃取。將合併之有機層乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空中濃縮。使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2:1)作為洗脫劑對殘餘物進行管柱層析,從而產生白色固體狀化合物2。(4.2g,產率:80%)。
1.7.2 化合物3之製備
將化合物2(2.63g,10mmol)溶解於THF(40mL)中,隨後添加LiAlH4(380mg,10mmol),將混合物於rt下攪拌1h。添加水(0.4g),隨後添加NaOH(0.4mL,10%),將混合物攪拌30min,添加水(1.2mL),過濾固體,濃縮濾液並用EtOAc(100mL)萃取,濃縮有機層,從而產生期望化合物3(2.1g,產率:90%)。
1.7.3 A90之製備
向 化合物3 (460mg,2mmol)存於CH3OH(5mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(50mg)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物A90(190mg,68%)。
1.7.4 化合物4之製備
將A90(1.45g,10mmol)溶解於MeOH(20mL)中,隨後添加Boc2O(2.16g,10mmol)及TEA(1.5g,15mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌3h。濃縮溶液並用EA溶解,用1N HCl及NaHCO3洗滌,在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望化合物2(2.3g,產率:100%)。
1.7.5 化合物5之製備
於rt下向NaH(240mg,6mmol)存於THF(10mL)中之懸浮液中添加化合物4之溶液(490mg,2mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3I(852mg,6mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,且濃縮所形成混合物,從而產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(437mg,80%)。
1.7.6 A92之製備
將化合物5(2.73g,10mmol)溶解於DCM(20mL)中,隨後添加CF3COOH(20mL),將混合物於室溫下攪拌2小時。濃縮溶液,從而產生期望A92(1.6g,91%)。
1.7.7 化合物2之製備:
於rt下向化合物6(2.4g,10mmol)存於DMF(30mL)中之溶液中添加TEA(2.02g,20mmol)及TBSCl(1.5g,10mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌12小時。藉由水(100mL)淬滅反應,並藉由EtOAc(100mL)萃取。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(2.0g,80%)。
1.7.8 化合物8之製備
向化合物7(700mg,2mmol)存於CH3OH(5mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(250mg)及Boc2O(512mg,2mmol)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物4(575mg,81%)。
1.7.9 化合物9之製備
於rt下向NaH(240mg,6mmol)存於THF(10mL)中之懸浮液中添加 化合物8 之溶液(720mg,2mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3I(852mg,6mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。
藉由水淬滅反應,且濃縮所形成混合物,從而產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物9(520mg,69%)。
1.7.10 A91之製備
將化合物9(373mg,1mmol)溶解於DCM(5mL)中,隨後添加CF3COOH(5mL),將混合物於室溫下攪拌2小時。濃縮溶液,從而產生期望化合物A91(273mg,100%)。
1.8 A93/94之製備
1.8.1 化合物2之製備:
於0℃下向(二乙氧基-磷醯基)-乙酸乙基酯(4.5g,20mmol)存於THF(50mL)中之溶液中添加NaH(960mg,24mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加化合物1(4.1g,20mmol)。
將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(200mL)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=5:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物2(3.36g,71%)。
1.8.2 化合物3之製備
將化合物2(2.59g,10mmol)溶解於THF(40mL)中,隨後添加LiAlH4(380mg,10mmol),將混合物於室溫下攪拌1小時。添加水(0.4g),隨後添加NaOH(0.4mL,10%),將混合物攪拌30min,添加水(1.2mL),過濾固體,濃縮濾液並用EtOAc(100mL)萃取,濃縮有機層,從而產生期望化合物5(2.07g,產率:90%)。
1.8.3 A93之製備
向化合物3(2.31g,10mmol)存於CH3OH(30mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C(1.0g)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物A93(1.28g,90%)。
1.8.4 化合物4之製備
將A93(1.43g,10mmol)溶解於MeOH(20mL)中,隨後添加Boc2O(2.16g,10mmol)及TEA(1.5g,15mmol)。將混合物在室溫下
攪拌3小時。在真空中濃縮溶液。將殘餘物用EA溶解,用1N HCl及飽和NaHCO3洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望化合物4(2.43g,產率:100%)。
1.8.5 化合物5之製備
於rt下向NaH(1.2g,30mmol)存於THF(50mL)中懸浮液中添加化合物4溶液(2.43g,10mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3I(4.2g,30mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,且濃縮所形成混合物,從而產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(2.05g,80%)。
1.8.6 A94之製備
將化合物5(2.57g,10mmol)溶解於DCM(20mL)中,隨後添加CF3COOH(20mL),將混合物於室溫下攪拌2小時。在真空中濃縮溶液,從而產生期望A94(1.57g,100%)。
1.9 A95/96之製備
1.9.1 化合物2之製備:
於0℃下向 化合物1 (10.9g,100mmol)存於THF(100mL)中之溶液中添加CbzCl(17.6g,100mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3MgBr(100mL,100mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(200mL)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=4:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物2(14.7mg,58%)。
1.9.2 化合物3之製備
於rt下向Zn(6.5g,100mmol)存於AcOH(50mL)中之懸浮液中添加 化合物2 之溶液(4.9g,20mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。過濾並濃縮反應物以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=5:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物3(2.9g,62%)。
1.9.3 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向(二乙氧基-磷醯基)-乙酸乙基酯(4.5g,20mmol)存於
THF(50mL)中之溶液中添加NaH(960mg,24mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加化合物3(4.94g,20mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(200mL)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=5:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物4(3.94g,62%)。
1.9.4 化合物5之製備
將化合物4(3.17g,10mmol)溶解於THF(40mL)中,隨後添加LiAlH4(380mg,10mmol),將混合物於室溫下攪拌1小時。添加水(0.4g),隨後添加NaOH(0.4mL,10%),將混合物攪拌30min,添加水(1.2mL),過濾固體,濃縮濾液並用EtOAc(100mL)萃取,濃縮有機層,從而產生期望化合物5(2.47g,產率:90%)。
1.9.5 A95之製備
向化合物5(2.75g,10mmol)存於CH3OH(30mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C(1.0g)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物A33(1.28g,90%)。
1.9.6 化合物6之製備
向化合物5(2.31g,10mmol)存於CH3OH(30mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C(1.0g)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(1.28g,90%)。
1.9.7 化合物7之製備
將化合物6(1.43g,10mmol)溶解於MeOH(20mL)中,隨後添加Boc2O(2.16g,10mmol)及TEA(1.5g,15mmol)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。在真空中濃縮溶液,用EA溶解,用1N HCl及NaHCO3洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望化合物7(2.43g,產率:100%)。
1.9.8 化合物8之製備
於rt下向NaH(1.2g,30mmol)存於THF(50mL)中懸浮液中添加化合物7之溶液(2.43g,10mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌10分鐘。隨後向上述混合物中添加CH3I(4.2g,30mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜。藉由水淬滅反應,且濃縮所形成混合物,從而產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析(PE:EtOAc=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(2.05g,80%)。
1.9.9 A96之製備
將化合物8(2.57g,10mmol)溶解於DCM(20mL)中,隨後添加CF3COOH(20mL),將混合物於室溫下攪拌2小時。濃縮溶液,從而產生期望化合物H(1.57g,100%)。
1.10 A53/58之製備
在密封管中將化合物1(1.2g,20mmol)及MeNH2存於THF中之混合物加熱至70℃過夜。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物重新溶解於甲苯中,並在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望產物A53(1.8g,98%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:3.79-3.84(m,1H),2.42-2.46(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),1.16(d,2H)。
遵循與A53相同之程序製備A58。
1.11 A98之製備
1.11.1 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向化合物2(10mL,1M,10mmol)存於THF中之溶液中添加化合物1(0.95g,5mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌3h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(1.1g,78%)。LCMS:286.3[M+1]。
1.11.2 A98之製備
向化合物3(1.1g,3.8mmol)存於MeOH中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(100mg),並在H2氣球下將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。過濾Pd並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(680mg,90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:7.24-7.38(m,3H),6.95-7.00(m,1H),3.10-3.17(m,2H),2.98-3.01(m,2 H),1.99-2.06(m,2H),1.72-1.79(m,2H)。
1.12 A97/99/101之製備
1.12.1 化合物2之製備
於-78℃及N2下向1-溴-4-氟苯(1.75g,10mmol)存於THF中之溶液中添加n-BuLi(4mL,10mmmol,2.5M)。攪拌15min後,於-78℃下逐滴添加化合物1(0.95g,5mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌3h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(0.9g,64%)。LCMS:286.3[M+1]。
1.12.2 A97之製備
向化合物2(0.9g,3.1mmol)存於MeOH中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(100mg),並在H2氣球下將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。過濾Pd並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(0.5g,82%)。LCMS:196.2[M+1]。
遵循與A97相同之程序製備A99/101。
1.13 A100/102之製備
1.12.1 化合物2之製備
於rt及N2下向4-溴-1,2-二氟苯(3.86g,20mmol)存於THF(50mL)中之溶液中添加I2(64mg,0.25mmol),之後添加Mg(0.48g,20mmol)。攪拌1h後,Mg消失,於0℃下逐滴添加化合物1(1.9g,10mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌3h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(500mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(2.8g,93%)。LCMS:304.1[M+1]。
1.12.2 A100之製備
向化合物2(2.8g,9.3mmol)存於MeOH(200mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(0.5g),並在H2氣球下將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。過濾Pd並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(1.6g,80%)。LCMS:214.1[M+1]。
遵循與A100相同之程序製備A102。
1.14 A114之製備
1.
1.14.1 化合物2之製備
向化合物1(6.5g,79mmol)及化合物2(10.2g,69mmol)存於MeOH(100mL)中之漿液中添加Na2CO3水溶液(6mL,2N,12mmol),並於rt下攪拌24h。藉由過濾收集固體,用MeoH洗滌並在真空中乾燥,其用於下一步驟(14g,粗製)。LCMS:230.2[M+1]。
1.14.1 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(14g,61mmol)存於MeOH/THF(300mL/50mL)中之混合物中添加NaBH4(3.4g,90mmol),並於rt下攪拌過夜。向淬滅反應物中減緩添加1N HCl。在真空中濃縮混合物,並用EtOAc(500mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生化合物4(8.0g,57%)。LCMS:236.1[M+1]。
1.14.3 A114之製備
向濃HCl(10mL)中添加化合物4(8.0g,34mmol)存於MeOH(100
mL)中之混合物,並加熱回流2h。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用水溶解並用EA洗滌。在真空中濃縮水相,從而產生呈HCl鹽形式之期望產物(2.8g,82%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.33(bs,1H),3.66(bs,1H),2.08-2.16(m,2H),1.74-1.90(m,4 H)。
1.15 A113之製備
在密封管中將化合物1(4.2g,50mmol)及氨(25%,20mL)存於MeOH(100mL)中之混合物加熱至60℃過夜。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用0.5N HCl(20mL)溶解並用EA洗滌。在真空中濃縮水相,從而產生期望產物A44,其直接用於下一步驟(3.0g,59%)。
1.16 A121之製備
1.16.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃至4℃下向存於THF中之MeMgBr(3mL,12mmol)中逐滴添加化合物1(1.0g,4.7mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌3h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應,並用EtOAc(20mL×3)萃取混合物。濃縮有機層,從而產生期望產物2,其未經進一步純化即直接用於下一步驟(0.97g,94%)。
1.16.2 A121之製備
向化合物2(970mg,4.43mmol)存於DCM(10mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(5mL)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。濃縮反應混合物,從而產生產物A121(1.3g),其直接用於下一步驟。
1.17 A125之製備
1.17.1 化合物2之製備:
於rt下向化合物1(8.2g,0.1mol)及NBS(21.4g,0.12mol)存於CCl4(100mL)中之溶液中添加AIBN(3.3g,20mmol),並加熱回流3h。將混合物用Na2SO3、飽和NaHCO3及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而獲得期望產物2(8.5g,53%),其直接用於下一步驟。
1.17.2 化合物3之製備
向化合物2(4.0g,24.8mmol)及苯基甲胺(3.2g,29.8mmol)存於無水THF(60mL)中之溶液中添加K2CO3(5.1g,37.2mmol),並加熱至60℃達5h。冷卻至rt後,將混合物用EA及H2O(80mL)稀釋。用EA(100mL×3)萃取水相。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,濃縮,從而獲得粗產物,藉由矽膠管柱層析(存於PE中之20-50% EtOAc)對其進行純化,從而獲得3(3.1g,68%產率)。LCMS:187[M+1]。
1.17.3 化合物4之製備
將化合物3(1.0g,5.3mmol)溶解於DCM(20mL)中,添加CF3COOH(3.0g,26.7mmol)並於rt下攪拌30分鐘。添加m-CPBA(1.5g,8.6mmol)並將混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。向反應混合物中添加NaHCO3水溶液並分離各相並用DCM(3 50mL)萃取。將合併之有機萃取物乾燥,過濾並在真空中濃縮,從而得到粗製胺基二醇。藉由SiO2(EA)上層析進行純化,從而產生無色油狀物4(600mg,51%)。LCMS:222[M+1]。
1.17.4 A125之製備
向 化合物5 (600mg,2.7mmol)存於CH3OH(8mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2/C(60mg)。將所形成混合物在H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(340mg,95%)。
1.18 A127之製備
1.18.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向 化合物1 (7.0g,25.8mmol)存於EtOH(100mL)中之溶液中逐份添加NaBH4(9.8g,258mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌0.5h且隨後於rt下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物倒入水(100mL)中並用DCM(100mL×3)萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生產物2(4.5g,75%)。
1.18.3 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向化合物2(2.5g,10.8mmol)及咪唑(0.9g,12mmol)存於無水DCM(30mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TBSCl(1.7g,11.4mmol)。在完全添加後,將溶液升溫至rt,並攪拌2h。將反應混合物用DCM溶解,用1N HCl、飽和NaHCO3及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而獲得期望產物3(3.3g,89%)。LCMS:345[M+1]。
1.18.4 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(3.3g,9.6mmol)及TEA(1.16g,11.5mmol)存於無水THF(30mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加AcCl(0.83g,11.6mmol)。在完全添加後,將溶液升溫至rt,並攪拌2h。將反應混合物用DCM溶解,用1N HCl、飽和Na2CO3及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而獲得期望產物4(3.5g,95%)。LCMS:388[M+1]
1.18.5 化合物5之製備
向 化合物4 (3.5g,9.0mmol)存於THF(40mL)中之溶液中添加TBAF(2.75g,10mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物倒入水中並用EA萃取。將合併之有機相用1N HCl、飽和NaHCO3及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。經由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物5(2.4g,96%)。
1.18.6 化合物6之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物5(1.0g,3.7mmol)存於無水DCM(15mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(1.19g,7.4mmol,2.0當量)。在添加後,將溶液逐漸升溫至rt並攪拌2h。將反應物用飽和NaHCO3(30mL)淬滅,用DCM(30mL×3)萃取,合併有機層,用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而獲得期望產物6(870mg,87%)。
1.18.7 化合物7之製備
向化合物6(870mg,3.2mmol)存於MeOH/H2O(10mL,v:v=4:1)中之溶液中添加NaOH(256mg,6.4mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物用1N HCl溶液中和並濃縮,從而產生粗產物(720mg,96%)。
1.18.7 A127之製備
向化合物7(720mg,3.1mmol)存於DCM(6mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(5mL)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。濃縮反應混合物,從而產生粗產物(800mg,粗製),其直接用於下一步驟。
1.19 A119之製備
1.19.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向化合物1(4.0g,21.6mmol)存於乙醇(40mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加NaBH4(1.64g,43.2mmol)。將反應混合物於rt下攪拌5h。將反應混合物用NH4Cl(50mL)淬滅並用乙酸乙酯(50mL3)萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生產物。
1.19.2 A119之製備
將化合物2(4g 21.6mmol)溶解於HCl/EA(25mL)中。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。移除溶劑以產生產物。
1.20 A110之製備
1.20.1 化合物2之製備
於室溫下向 化合物1 (4.0g,0.024mmol)存於CH2Cl2(40mL)中之溶液中添加m-CPBA(0.3mol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌12小時。將混合物用Na2SO3淬滅,用NaHCO3洗滌並濃縮,從而產生 化合物2 (4.4g,100%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:3.73(m,2H),3.60(m,2H),3.23(m,2H),1.37(s,9H)。
1.20.2 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向 化合物2 (2.0g,0.01mmol)存於Et3N(20mL)中之溶液中添加吡啶HF(3mL),並將混合物加熱至80℃達12小時。隨後在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用AcOEt稀釋,用NH4Cl水溶液及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由管柱層析(PE:EA=4:1)純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
1.20.3 A110之製備
於0℃下向 化合物3 (0.5g,0.002mol)存於無水DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(2mL)。將所形成混合物攪拌2h並濃縮,從而產生用於下一步驟之期望產物(500mg,100%)。
1.21 A111之製備
1.21.1 化合物2之製備
於室溫下向 化合物1 (4g,0.02mol)存於DCM(40mL)中溶液中添加TMSOTf(6,6g,0.03mol)、Et3N(6.0g,0.06mol)。將反應混合物攪拌1小時。隨後濃縮反應混合物,藉由管柱層析(PE:AcOEt=10:1)對其進行純化,從而產生 化合物2 (4.3g,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.79(s,1H),3.87(m,2H),3.52(m,2H),2.11(s,1H),1.43(s,9H),0.16(s,9H)。
1.21.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (250mg,0.92mmol)、精選F(360mg,0.92mmol)存於MeCN(20mL)中之混合物攪拌4小時。濃縮混合物並藉由管柱層析(PE:AcOEt=4:1)純化,從而產生 化合物3 (180mg,90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.10~4.84(m,1H),3.63~3.66(m,1H),3.14~3.21(m,1H),2.48~2.52(m,1H),2.35~2.39(m,2H),1.42(s,9H)。
1.21.3 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(1g,4.6mmol)存於乙醇(10mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加NaBH4(0.3g,7.8mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌0.5h並於室溫下攪拌4小時。將反應混合物用NH4Cl水溶液淬滅並用AcOEt萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生期望產物。
1.21.4 化合物A111之製備
於0℃下向 化合物4 (0.6g,2.7mmol)存於無水DCM(4mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(4mL)。將所形成混合物攪拌2h並濃縮,從而產生用於下一步驟之期望產物(600mg,100%)。
2 區域B中間體之製備
2.1 B02、03、06、07、08、09、17、18之製備
向冷卻至0℃之氯磺酸(23.8mL,350mmol)中逐份添加2-氟苯甲酸(5g,35mmol)。在完全添加後,將黃色溶液升溫至室溫,隨後加熱至75℃過夜。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且隨後逐滴添加至冰水(150mL)中。過濾白色沈澱,用水洗滌,並在真空中乾燥,從而獲得白色固體狀期望產物B02(3.37g,40.4%)。
遵循與B02相同之程序製備 B03、06、07、08、09、17、18 。
在遠更高之溫度(例如140℃至150℃)及更長反應時間(例如6-12h)下產生B06/07/08/09。
2.2 B11之製備
於-50℃及N2下向化合物1(5.0g,34mmol)存於DCM(30mL)中之溶液中添加氯磺酸(8.5mL,130mmol)並於rt下攪拌過夜。隨後將反應混合物倒入冰水中,用DCM萃取,將有機相經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物之混合物(1.6g,含有3位異構體副產物,其未經分離即用於下一步驟)。
3 區域C中間體之製備
3.1 C59之製備
3.1.1 化合物2之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物1(5.0g,32.7mmol)存於無水DCM(50
mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(5.5g,34.3mmol)。在添加後,將反應混合物升溫回rt並倒入含有30g冰之燒杯中,分解任何未反應DAST。分離有機層,並將水層用45mL之DCM部分萃取兩次。將合併之有機層用50mL水洗滌且經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。在減壓下蒸發至乾燥,從而產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析(用PE:EA=100:1洗脫)對其進行純化,從而獲得 化合物2 。(3.5g,產率:70%)
3.1.2 C59之製備
將化合物2(3.5g,22.6mmol)、Fe粉(6.3g,0.11mol,5當量)及NH4Cl(5.9g,0.11mol)存於MeOH(40mL)及水(10mL)中之溶液加熱回流3h。過濾混合物。在真空中濃縮濾液並用DCM萃取。在真空中濃縮有機相並經由管柱層析純化。
3.2 C60之製備
3.2.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向NaBH4中逐份添加 化合物1 (9.6g,56.8mmol)存於MeOH(100mL)中之混合物。在添加後,將反應混合物於rt下攪拌1h。
將反應混合物用1N HCl淬滅並在真空中濃縮。用EtOAc(100mL3)萃取殘餘物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。(9.8g,粗製)
3.2.2 化合物3之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物2(6.2g,36.3mmol)存於無水DCM(80mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(11.7g,34.3mmol)。將反應混合物於rt下攪拌2h,並倒入含有30g冰之燒杯中,分解任何未反應DAST。將混合物用45mL DCM之部分萃取兩次。將合併之有機層用50mL水洗滌且經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。在減壓下蒸發至乾燥,從而產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析(用PE:EA=100:1至50:1洗脫)對其進行純化,從而獲得 化合物3 。(4.5g,產率:71%)
3.2.3 C60之製備
將化合物2(4.2g,24.3mmol)、Fe粉(7.0g,0.12mol,5當量)及NH4Cl(6.8g,0.12mol)存於MeOH(40mL)及水(10mL)中之溶液加熱回流3h。過濾,在真空中濃縮濾液,從而產生固體,其直接用於下一步驟。
3.3 C61之製備
3.3.1 化合物2之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物1(0.5g,3.3mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(1.3g,7.95mmol)。將反應混合物於rt
下攪拌2h,並倒入含有5g冰之燒杯中,分解任何未反應DAST。用DCM(45mL)萃取混合物。將合併之有機層用50mL水洗滌且經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。在減壓下蒸發至乾燥,從而產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析(用PE:EA=100:1洗脫)對其進行純化,從而獲得 化合物2 。(0.45g,產率:79%)
3.3.2 C61之製備
將 化合物2 (0.45g,2.9mmol)及Pd/C(50mg)存於EtOH(5mL)中之溶液於rt及H2氣氛下攪拌過夜。藉由過濾移除Pd/C。在真空中濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
3.4 C62之製備
3.4.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃及N2下向化合物1(3.0g,17.8mmol)存於無水DCM(50ml)中之溶液中添加DAST(6.3g,39.0mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌2h,藉由飽和NaHCO3溶液淬滅,並用EA(100mL)稀釋。分離有機層,經Na2SO4乾燥並在減壓下濃縮。藉由矽膠上急驟管柱層析(PE:EA 5:1至3:1)純化殘餘物,從而產生化合物2(3.2g,94.1%)。
3.4.2 C62之製備
於50℃下將化合物2(3.2g,16.8mmol)、Zn((10.9g,168mmol)及NH4Cl(9.0g,168mmol)之溶液於水(20mL)及甲醇(50mL)中攪拌4h。過濾混合物,並在真空下濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物(2.6g,96.3%)。LCMS:162[M+1]。
3.5 C58之製備
將化合物1(5.0g,25.83mmol)、Fe粉(14.47g,258.3mmol,10當量)及NH4Cl(13.95g,258.3mmol)存於EtOH(80mL)及水(10mL)中之溶液加熱回流3h。過濾並濃縮反應混合物。將殘餘物溶解於水(50mL)中並用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生直接用於下一步驟之產物。LCMS:164[M+1]。
3.6 C64/65之製備
3.6.1 化合物2之製備
將化合物1(5.0g,3.5mmol)溶解於濃H2SO4(16mL)中並加熱至60℃。經30min之時段以三份添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺(7.5,4.2mmol)。在N2下加熱3h後,將反應混合物倒入冰水中。將產物用EtOAc萃取,用水及鹽水洗滌,並經Na2SO4乾燥。藉由矽膠管柱層析(存於PE中之0-10% EtOAc)純化,從而以45%之產率得到橙色液體作為產物2。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 10.31(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.80-7.99(m,1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H)。
3.6.2 化合物3之製備
將化合物2(1.0g,4.5mmol)、NH2Boc(660mg,5.7mmol)、Cs2CO3(2.05g,6.3mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(124mg,0.135mmol)及X-Phos(193mg,0.405mmol)存於30mL二噁烷中之混合物加熱至100℃過夜。在冷卻至rt後,將水性層用EA萃取三次。將有機層用水及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並蒸發,從而產生粗產物,藉由矽膠管柱層析(存於PE中之0-10% EtOAc)純化,從而產生3(300mg,13%)。LCMS:258[M+1]。
3.6.3 化合物4之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物3(500mg,1.95mmol)存於無水DCM(10
mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(1.25g,7.78mmol,4.0當量)。在添加後,將溶液逐漸升溫至rt並攪拌2h。將混合物用飽和NaHCO3(30mL)淬滅,用DCM(10mL×3)萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而獲得期望產物4(380mg,70%)。LCMS:280.1[M+1]。
3.6.4 C64之製備
向化合物4(280mg,1.0mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(5ml)。將所形成混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。濃縮反應混合物,從而產生粗產物G(145mg,81%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.94-6.67(t,1H),5.58-6.54(m,2H),3.75(br,2H)LCMS:180.1[M+1]。
3.6.5 化合物5之製備
於0℃下向化合物2(1.0g,3.5mmol)存於MeOH(20mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加NaBH4(200mg,5.0mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌0.5h且隨後於RT下攪拌2h。將反應混合物用1N HCl(20mL)淬滅並在真空中濃縮。用DCM(30mL×3)萃取殘餘物。乾燥並濃縮有機層,從而產生產物5(1.05g,粗製)。
3.6.6 化合物6之製備
於0℃下向化合物5(2.0g,9.0mmol)及TEA(1.36g,13.5mmol)存於無水THF(20mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加AcCl(0.85g,10.8mmol)。在添加後,將溶液升溫至rt,並攪拌2h。將反應物用EtOAc(100mL)溶解,用1N HCl、5% NaOH及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而獲得期望產物6(2.3g,96%)。LCMS:265/267[M+1]。
3.3.7 化合物7之製備
將化合物6(6.0g,22.3mmol)、NH2Boc(3.3g,27.9mmol,1.2當量)、Cs2CO3(10.2g,31.2mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(613mg,0.7mmol,3%)及Xant-Phos(955mg,2.01mmol,9%)存於200mL二噁烷中之混合物加熱至100℃過夜。在冷卻至rt後,過濾混合物,並在真空中濃縮濾液。藉由矽膠管柱層析(存於PE中之0-10% EtOAc)純化殘餘物,從而獲得7(4.5g,66%產率)。LCMS:302[M+1]。
3.3.8 化合物8之製備
向化合物7(490mg,1.63mmol)存於THF(50mL)中之溶液中添加NaOH水溶液(80mg,2.0mmol,10%),並於rt下攪拌過夜。藉由1N HCl溶液酸化反應混合物並在真空中濃縮。用EA萃取殘餘物。將有機層用水及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而獲得期望產物8(380mg,90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.38-7.33(m,1H),7.07-7.05(m,1H),4.75(s,2H),1.51(s,9H)。LCMS:260[M+1]。
3.3.9 化合物9之製備
於-78℃及N2下向化合物8(380mg,1.47mmol)存於無水DCM(5mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加DAST(473mg,2.94mmol,2.0當量)。在添加後,將溶液逐漸升溫至rt並攪拌2h。於0℃下將反應混合物倒入飽和NaHCO3(20mL)中,用DCM(10mL×3)萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而獲得期望產物9(370mg,96%)。LCMS:262[M+1]。
3.3.10 C65之製備
向化合物9(370mg,1.7mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(5mL)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物在真空中濃縮,從而產生粗產物C65(130mg,58%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.42-6.38(m,2H),5.38(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),5.26(d,2 H,J=1.2Hz)LCMS:162[M+1]。
部分II 靶標之一般程序
一般程序A
1.1 化合物2之一般製備程序
將 化合物1 (4.53mmol)存於SOCl2(10mL)中之混合物加熱回流過夜。濃縮混合物以產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.2. 化合物3之一般製備程序
向 化合物2 (1.08g,4.52mmol)存於甲苯(10mL)中之沸騰溶液中添加苯胺(4.52mmol),並回流2h。在真空中濃縮混合物,從而產生固體,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 iii之一般製備程序
於rt下向 化合物3 (0.3mmol)存於CH2Cl2(3mL)中之溶液中添加胺(0.3mmol)及Et3N(30mg,0.33mmol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。將混合物用CH2Cl2(20mL)稀釋並用水洗滌。在真空中濃縮有機相以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。
一般程序B
1.1 化合物2之一般製備程序
向化合物1(10mmol)存於CH2Cl2(50mL)中之溶液中添加胺(10mmol)及TEA(11mmol),並於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用1N HCl及飽和NaHCO3洗滌,並在真空中濃縮。藉由層析純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物。
1.2 化合物3之一般製備程序
向化合物2(5mmol)存於MeOH(40mL)中之溶液中添加NaOH水溶液(7mmol,1N),並於rt下攪拌過夜。藉由1N HCl溶液將反應混合物酸化至pH 6並用DCM萃取。將合併之有機相在真空中濃縮,從而產生產物。
1.3 iii之一般製備程序
向化合物3(1mmol)及苯胺(1mmol)存於DCM(10mL)中之溶液中添加HATU(1.1mmol),之後添加DIPEA(1.5mmol)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用CH2Cl2(20mL)稀釋並用水洗滌。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。
一般程序C
1.1 化合物2之一般製備程序
於rt下向化合物1(1.80g,10mmol)及六氫吡啶(2.1g,25mmol)存於DCM(50mL)中之溶液中添加HATU(3.8g,10mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。將混合物用1N HCl、NaOH(5%)及鹽水洗滌,且在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望產物(2.1g,85%)。LCMS:248[M+1]。
1.2 化合物3之一般製備程序
向甲基化合物2(2.1g,8.5mmol)存於CH3OH(40mL)及H2O(10mL)中之溶液中添加LiOH H2O(0.6g,15mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。將所得混合物藉由1N HCl酸化並在真空中濃縮。用DCM萃取殘餘物。在真空中濃縮合併之有機相,從而產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟(1.7g,86%)。LCMS:234[M+1]。
1.3 iii之一般製備程序
向 化合物3 (0.3mmol)、胺(0.3mmol)及Et3N(30mg,0.33mmol)存於CH2Cl2(3mL)中之溶液中添加HATU(0.33mmol),並將化合物於rt下攪拌2h。將混合物用CH2Cl2(20mL)稀釋並用水洗滌。在真空中濃縮有機相以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。
一般程序D
1.1 化合物2之一般製備程序
向4-甲醯基苯甲酸甲酯(150mg,0.914mmol)、氮雜環丁-3-醇鹽酸鹽(120mg,1.10mmol)及Et3N(111mg,1.10mmol)存於CH2Cl2(3mL)中之溶液中添加NaBH(OAc)3(580mg,2.74mmpl)。將所形成混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。藉由NaHCO3溶液淬滅反應物,並用CH2Cl2(10mL×3)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由製備型TLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(150mg,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:7.97(d,2H),7.34(d,2H),3.89(s,3H),3.68(s,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.04(m,2H)。
1.2 化合物3之一般製備程序
向4-((3-羥基氮雜環丁-1-基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯(150mg,0.68mmol)存於CH3OH(3mL)及H2O(1mL)中之溶液中添加LiOH H2O(57mg,1.36mmpl)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。將所得混合物藉由1N HCl酸化並在真空中濃縮。用DCM萃取殘餘物。在真空中濃縮合併之有機相,從而產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟(150mg,粗製)。
1.3 iii之一般製備程序
於rt下向((3-羥基氮雜環丁-1-基)甲基)苯甲酸(150mg,0.723mmol)及3-溴胺(187mg,1.09mmol)存於DMF(3mL)中之溶液中添加
HATU(413mg,1.09mmol)及DIEA(187mg,1.45mmol)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。將混合物用CH2Cl2(20mL)稀釋並用水(5mL×2)洗滌。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(15mg,6%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:11.03(br,1H),10.49(s,1H),8.11(s,1H),7.98(d,2H),7.75(m,1H),7.67(d,2H),7.29(m,2H),4.45(m,3H),4.16(m,2H),3.87(m,2H)。LCMS:361/363[M+1/M+1+2]。
一般程序E
1.1 化合物2之一般製備程序
將化合物1(1.0g,3.54mmol)溶解於10g(65.22mmol)POCl3中,隨後將混合物升溫至100℃並攪拌過夜。在真空中蒸發溶劑且殘餘物準備用於下一步驟。
1.2 化合物3之一般製備程序
向化合物2(138mg,050mmol)存於5mL DCM中之溶液中添加苯胺(0.55mmol)及Et3N(51mg,050mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。向混合物中添加水並用DCM萃取,將有機層用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾並在真空中蒸發溶劑。殘餘物準備用於下一步驟。
1.3 iii之一般製備程序
於rt下向 化合物3 (0.3mmol)存於CH2Cl2(3mL)中之溶液中添加胺(0.3mmol)及Et3N(30mg,0.33mmol),且將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。將混合物用CH2Cl2(20mL)稀釋並用水洗滌。在真空中濃縮有機相以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。
一般程序F
1.1 化合物2之製備
向冷卻至0℃之氯磺酸(65g,0.56mol)中逐份添加化合物1(10.2g,73mmol)。在完全添加後,將黃色溶液升溫至室溫,隨後加熱至70℃過夜。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且逐滴添加至冰(0.5L)中。過濾白色沈澱,用水洗滌並在真空中乾燥,從而獲得白色固體狀期望產物(13.7g,80%)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (13.7g,57.6mmol)存於SOCl2(60mL)中之混合物加熱
回流過夜。濃縮混合物以產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 化合物4之製備
向 化合物3 (5.5g,21mmol)存於無水甲苯(50mL)中之沸騰溶液中添加苯胺之溶液(2.0mg,21mmol)。將所形成混合物再攪拌30分鐘。將混合物冷卻至室溫並用EtOAc(50mL)稀釋。用冰水(20mL)洗滌混合物。濃縮有機層以產生期望產物,其直接用於下一步驟(7.0g,67%)。
1.4 化合物5之製備
於rt下向 化合物4 (7.0g,22mmol)存於無水CH2Cl2(80mL)中之溶液中添加六氫吡啶-4-醇(2.2g,22mmol)及Et3N(3mL)。將所形成混合物攪拌過夜。將混合物用CH2Cl2(100mL)稀釋並用水(50mL 2)洗滌。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(4.5g,53%)。
1.5 化合物6之製備
於0℃下向 化合物5 (4.5g,12.1mmol)存於CH2Cl2(50mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(2.5mL),之後添加CH3COCl(1.2g,12.1mmol)。將所形成混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。用Na2CO3水溶液洗滌混合物,並藉由1N HCl酸化水層。用CH2Cl2(100mL×3)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮合併之有機層以產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(3.0g,60%)。
1.6 化合物7之製備
將 化合物6 (310mg,0.73mmol)存於POCl3(3.5mL)中之溶液加熱至80℃達3小時。濃縮有機層以產生期望產物,其直接用於下一步驟(340mg,粗製)。
1.7 化合物8之製備
於0℃下向 化合物7 (340mg,0.73mmol)存於無水THF(5mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加O-(三甲基甲矽烷基)羥基胺(94mg,0.9mmol)。將所形成混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。用1N HCl溶液洗滌混合物,並藉由Na2CO3水溶液酸化水層。用CH2Cl2(10mL×3)萃取所形成混合物。濃縮合併之有機層,從而產生粗產物。(360mg,粗製)
1.8 化合物9之製備
於rt下向 化合物8 (360mg)存於NMP(3mL)中之溶液中添加t-BuOK(80mg,0.71mmol),並將混合物加熱至80℃達3h。將混合物用EtOAc(20mL)稀釋並用水洗滌。在真空中濃縮有機相以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物。(50mg,產率:20%)
1.9 738之製備
將 化合物9 (50mg,0.12mmol)、NaOH(10mg,0.24mml)存於1mL MeOH及1ml水中之溶液於室溫下攪拌16小時。移除溶劑並藉由製備型HPLC純化,從而獲得20mg 738(20mg,40%)。LCMS:374[M+1]。
遵循與738類似之程序製備737。
一般程序G
1.1 化合物2之製備
向冷卻至0℃之氯磺酸(82.4g,0.71mol)中逐份添加化合物1(5.0g,25mmol)。在完全添加後,將黃色溶液升溫至室溫,隨後加熱至150℃達5h。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且隨後逐滴添加至冰(60g)中。過濾白色沈澱,用水洗滌並在真空中乾燥,從而獲得黃色固體狀期望產物(6.0g,80%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:8.89(d,J=2.0Hz 1H),8.25(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,1H)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (6.0g,20.1mmol)存於SOCl2(60mL)中之混合物加熱回流3h。濃縮混合物以產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。向 化合物3 (6.4g,20.1mmol)存於無水甲苯(60mL)中之沸騰溶液中添加3,4,5-三氟苯胺(2.9g,20.1mmol)。將所形成混合物加熱至100℃達6h。將混合物冷卻至室溫,且隨後濃縮,從而產生期望產物,其直接用於下一步驟(7.5g,87%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ ppm:10.78(s,1H),8.45(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.75(m,4H)。
1.3 化合物6之製備
於rt下向 化合物4 (2.0g,4.7mmol)存於MeCN(20mL)中之溶液中添加六氫吡啶-4-醇(0.47g,4.7mmol)及Et3N(1.4mL)。將所形成混合物攪拌2h。將混合物用EA(150mL)稀釋並用水(50mL×2)洗滌。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由矽膠層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(1.7g,74%)。
1.4 927之製備
在N2下向 化合物6 (200mg,0.41mmol)存於MeOH(10mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(165mg,1.62mmol)及Pd(dppf)Cl2(33mg,0.04mmol)。將所形成混合物於80℃及50Psi壓力之CO下攪拌12h。將混合物冷卻至室溫並過濾。濃縮濾液並藉由矽膠層析純化,從而產生期望產物(150mg,79%)。LCMS:473.1[M+1]。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ ppm:10.86(s,1H),8.31(s,1H),8.29(s,1H),7.85(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),4.73(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.61(m,1H),3.35(m,2H),2.95(m,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.38(m,2H)。
1.5 1420之製備
於N2及0℃下向 化合物927 (200mg,0.42mmol)存於THF(10mL)中之溶液中添加LiBH4(38mg,1.72mmol),將所形成混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物用EA(100mL)稀釋並用鹽水(50mL×2)洗滌。將有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,濃縮並藉由矽膠層析純化,從而產生期望產物(45mg,24%)。LCMS:445.1[M+1]。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ ppm:8.42(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),
8.21(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.63(m,2H),5.06(s,2H),3.76(m,1H),3.53(m,2H),3.05(m,2H),1.90(m,2H)1.59(m,2H)。
777之製備之具體實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向氯磺酸(23.8mL,350mmol)中逐份添加2-氟苯甲酸(5g,35mmol)。在添加後,將黃色溶液升溫至室溫,且隨後於75℃下加熱12h。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫且隨後倒入冰水(150mL)上。過濾白色沈澱,用水洗滌,並在真空中乾燥,從而獲得期望產物(3.37g,40.4%)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (238mg,1mmol)存於SOCl2(10mL)中之混合物加熱回流12h。濃縮混合物以產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 化合物5之製備
向 化合物3 (260mg,1mmol)存於回流甲苯(10mL)中之溶液中添加 化合物4 (147mg,1mmol)。將所得溶液於回流溫度下加熱2h且隨後在真空中濃縮,從而產生固體,其未經純化即直接用於下一步驟。
1.4 777之製備
於室溫下向粗製 化合物5 (370mg,1mmol)及 化合物6 (101mg,1mmol)存於MeCN(15mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(150mg,1.5mmol)。在添加後,將所得混合物攪拌2h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。蒸發溶液並藉由製備型HPLC純化殘餘物,從而產生期望產物 777 (251mg,61%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ 8.11-8.14(m,1H),8.00-8.03(m,1H),7.51-7.59(m,3H),3.66-3.71(m,1H),3.36-3.42(m,2H),2.85-2.91(m,2H),1.89-1.94(m,2H),1.15-1.64(m,2H)。LCMS:433[M+1]。
化合物890之製備之具體實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備程序
將 化合物1 (10.0g,42.0mmol)存於SOCl2(60mL)中之混合物加熱
回流過夜。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用甲苯(30mL)溶解,並在真空中濃縮,從而產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.2 化合物3之製備程序
向粗製 化合物2 (42mmol)存於甲苯(100mL)中之沸騰溶液中添加苯胺(6.17g,42mmol)存於甲苯(40mL)中之懸浮液,並回流2h。在真空中濃縮混合物,從而產生固體,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 890之製備程序
於rt下向 化合物3 (42mmol)存於MeCN(250mL)中之溶液中添加胺4(4.3g,42mmol)及Et3N(6.18g,61.2mmol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌3h。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(15.7g,86.5%)。
H-NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.41-8.39(dd,J=6.5,2.4Hz,1H),
8,26-8.23(m,1H),7.61-7.50(m,3H),3.74-3.72(m,1H),3.56-3.52(m,2H),3.06-3.01(m,2H),1.91-1.87(m,2H),1.59-1.56(m,2H)。
LCMS:433.0[M+1]。
894之製備之具體實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備程序
將 化合物1 (3.0g,12.6mmol)存於SOCl2(80mL)中之混合物加熱回流過夜。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用甲苯(30mL)重新溶解,並在真空中濃縮,從而產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.2 化合物3之製備程序
向 化合物2 (12.6mmol)存於回流甲苯(10mL)中之溶液中添加3,4-二氟苯胺(1.6g,12.6mmol)。將所得溶液於回流溫度下加熱2h且隨後在真空中濃縮,從而產生固體,其未經純化即直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 894之製備程序
於室溫下向粗製 化合物3 (600mg,2.0mmol)及 化合物4 (203mg,2.0mmol)存於MeCN(10mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(303mg,3.0mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌3h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由製備型HPLC純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(430mg,60.3%)。
H-NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.40-8.42(m,1H),8.23-8.25(m,1H),7.75-7.82(m,1H),7.42-7.52(m,2H),7.25-7.28(m,1H),3.74-3.74(m,1H),3.52-3.56(m,2H),3.01-3.07(m,2H),1.1.87-1.91(m,2H),1.56-1.59(m,2H)。LCMS:415.0[M+1]。
化合物891之製備之實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備程序
將 化合物1 (20.0g,84.0mmol)存於SOCl2(120mL)中之混合物於回流溫度下加熱3h。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用甲苯(60mL)溶解,並在真空中濃縮,從而產生粗產物,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.2 化合物3之製備程序
向粗製 化合物2 (84mmol)存於回流甲苯(200mL)中之溶液中添加3-氯-4-氟苯胺(12.3g,42mmol)。將所得混合物回流5h。在真空中濃縮混合物,從而產生固體,其直接用於下一步驟。
1.3 化合物891之製備程序
於rt下向粗製 化合物3 (2.0g,5.5mmol)及 化合物4 (0.55g,5.5mmol)存於MeCN(30mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(0.83g,8.2mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(1.41g,60.3%)。
H-NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz):10.66(s,1H),8.37-8.33(m,2H),8.04-8.02(m,1H),7.72-7.62(m,2H),7.47-7.38(m,1H),4.75-4.74(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.65-3.55(m,1H),3.37-3.27(m,2H),2.98-2.88(m,2H),1.75-1.65(m,2H),1.45-1.35(m,2H)。LCMS:431.0[M+1]。
化合物903之製備之具體實驗程序
於rt下向 化合物1 (4.5g,12.2mmol)及 化合物2 (1.5g,12.2mmol)存於MeCN(70mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(3.1g,30.7mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(2.69g,52.7%)。
H-NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.59-8.33(m,1H),8.13-8.10(m,1H),7.51-7.42(m,2H),7.41-7.35(m,1H),4.27-4.24(m,1H),3.42-3.37(m,3H),3.25-3.20(m,1H),1.90-1.86(m,1H),1.82-1.78(m,1H)。
LCMS:419.0[M+1]。
化合物953之製備之實驗程序
於rt下向 化合物1 (5.5g,15.1mmol)及 化合物2 (1.6g,14.7mmol)存於MeCN(80mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(3.8g,37.7mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌2h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀純產物(1.1g,18.3%)及不純產物(約1.0g)。
H-NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.46-8.41(m,1H),8.35-8.25(m,1H),7.99-7.92(m,1H),7.68-7.52(m,2H),7.29-7.24(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.55-
4.45(m,1H),4.16-4.12(m,2H),3.76-3.71(m,2H)。LCMS:403.0[M+1]。
化合物960_D1及化合物960_D2之製備之實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備
於室溫下向 化合物1 (40g,188mol)存於DCM(400mL)中溶液中添加TMSOTf(44g,198mol),之後添加Et3N(38.0g,0.377mol)。將反應混合物攪拌1小時。隨後濃縮反應物,從而產生粗產物 化合物2 (48.0g,88.8%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.79(s,1H),3.87(m,2H),3.52(m,2H),2.11(s,1H),1.43(s,9H),0.16(s,9H)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (48g,167mmol)及精選F(69g,184mmol)存於MeCN(500mL)中之混合物攪拌4小時。濃縮混合物並藉由管柱層析(PE:AcOEt=5:1)對其進行純化,從而產生 化合物3 (14g,36%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.10-4.84(m,1H),3.63-3.66(m,1H),3.14-3.21(m,1H),2.48-2.52(m,1H),2.35-2.39(m,2H),1.42(s,9H)。
1.3 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(8.6g,36.1mmol)存於乙醇(90mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加NaBH4(2.13g,56.7mmol)。將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌4小時。將反應混合物用NH4Cl水溶液淬滅並用AcOEt萃取。乾燥有機層並在真空中濃縮。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,從而產生呈順式異構體及反式異構體之混合物形式之期望產物(8.3g,97.6%)。
1.4 化合物5之製備
向 化合物4 (650mg,2.73mmol)存於無水DCM(6mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(4mL)。將混合物攪拌2h並濃縮,從而產生用於下一步驟之期望產物(300mg,80%)。
1.5 960_D1之製備
於rt下向 化合物6 (1.54g,4.2mmol)及 化合物5 (500mg,4.2mmol)存於MeCN(25mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(848mg,8.4mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌3h,此時LCMS指示反應完全。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由製備型HPLC純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(580mg,
42.3%)。HPLC中之第一峰命名為 960_D1 ,同時第二峰係 960_D2 (12.83mg,21.2%)。
960_D1: H-NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz):10.79(s,1H),8.37-8.29(m,2H),7.72-7.68(m,3H),5.17-5.16(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),4.71-4.58(m,1H),3.69-3.53(m,3H),3.200-3.10(m,1H),2.95-2.93(m,1H),1.71-1.66(m,2H)。
LCMS:451.1[M+1]。
960_D2: H-NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz):10.82(s,1H),8.38-8.32(m,2H),7.75-7.69(m,3H),5.39-5.38(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),4.48-4.67(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.71(s,1H),3.35(s,2H),3.23-3.20(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),1.88-1.85(m,1H),1.56-1.52(m,1H)。
LCMS:451.1[M+1]。
化合物1161/911之製備之具體實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃至4℃下向存於THF(50mL)中之CH3MgBr(3M,60mmol)中減緩添加 化合物1 (10.0g,53mmol)存於THF(50mL)中之溶液。將所得混合物於rt下攪拌1h。藉由NH4Cl溶液淬滅反應混合物,並用EtOAc(100mL×3)萃取。濃縮有機層以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(2.24g,產率:20.7%)。LCMS:206.0[M+1]。
1.2 化合物3之製備
向化合物2(2.26g,11mmol)存於MeOH(40mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2(350mg),並在H2及50psi下攪拌72h。過濾混合物並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(1.26g,產率:100%)。
H-NMR(CDCl3 400MHz):2.85-2.91(m,2H),2.70-2.76(m,2H),2.47-2.51(m,4H),1.18(s,3H)。
1.3 化合物1161之製備程序
於rt下向 化合物3 (350mg,3mmol)及 化合物4 (1.28g,3.5mmol)存於MeCN(15mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(2mL)。將混合物於rt下攪拌1h。將反應混合物用EA(150mL)溶解並用鹽水(70mL * 2)洗滌。將有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,在真空中濃縮並藉由矽膠層析純化,從而產生期望產物(652mg,48.7%)。
1H NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.43-8.41(dd,J=6.5,2.4Hz,1H),8.27-8.25(m,1H),7.65-7.60(m,2H),7.55-7.50(dd,J=9.8,8.8Hz,1H),3.60-3.57(m,2H),3.04-2.97(m,2H),1.68-1.63(m,4H),1.22(s,3H)。
LCMS:447.0[M+1]。
1.4 911之製備程序
於rt下向 化合物3 (335mg,2.9mmol)存於MeCN(14mL)中之溶液中添加 化合物5 (1.22g,3.4mmol)及Et3N(2mL),且將混合物於rt下攪拌1h。將反應混合物用EA(150mL)稀釋並用鹽水(70mL * 2)洗滌。將有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,濃縮並藉由矽膠層析純化,從而產生期望產物(686mg,54.9%)。
H-NMR(甲醇-d4 400MHz):8.44-8.41(dd,J=6.5,2.1Hz,1H),8.28-8.25(m,1H),7.99-7.97(dd,J=6.8,2.5Hz,1H),7.65-7.62(m,1H),7.54-7.50(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.29-7.24(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.60-3.57(m,2H),3.04-2.98(m,2H),1.72-1.65(m,4H),1.22(s,3H)。LCMS:445.0[M+1]/447.0[M+3]。
化合物916之製備之實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備
於0℃下向Me3SOI(87.5g,396mmol)存於DMSO(400mL)中之溶液中添加NaH(17g,706mmol),並於室溫下攪拌1h。隨後向溶液中添加Bu4NBr(8.05g,26mmol),之後添加 化合物1 (50.0g,265mmol)存於DMSO(200mL)中之溶液,且將混合物於室溫下攪拌1.5h。將混合物減緩倒入水中並用EA萃取。將合併之有機相用鹽水洗滌,經
Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮,從而產生期望產物(50.5g,93%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ:7.28-7.17(m,5H),2.57-2.45(m,6H),1.77-1.74(m,2H),1.50-1.46(m,2H),1.20-1.17(m,2H)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
將 化合物2 (30.5g,150mmol)存於H2SO4(37.5g,380mmol,0.2M)中之混合物於rt下攪拌過夜。將混合物用Na2CO3中和至pH10並用EtOAc萃取。將合併之有機層用鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並濃縮,從而產生期望產物(20.0g,58%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ ppm:7.29-7.22(m,5H),3.50(s,2H),3.44(s,2H),3.31-3.27(m,2H),2.61-2.58(m,2H),2.41-2.36(m,2H),1.69-1.64(m,2H),1.51-1.49(m,2H)。
1.3 化合物4之製備
向化合物3(20g,90mmol)存於CH3OH(800mL)中之溶液中添加無水Pd(OH)2(2g)。將所形成混合物在15Psi壓力之H2氣氛下氫化過夜。過濾觸媒並濃縮濾液,從而產生期望產物(12g,98%)。
1.4 化合物916之製備
於rt下向 化合物5 (7.8g,21.2mmol)存於MeCN(100mL)中之溶液中添加胺4(2.8g,21.2mmol)及Et3N(4.3g,42.4mmol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌3h。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析用PE:EA=3:1至1:2洗脫純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀期望產物(6.2g),藉由自EA(30mL)再結晶對其進行純化,從而獲得白色固體狀純產物(4.1g,產率:41%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4):8.48-8.39(m,1H),8.33-8.21(m,1H),7.63-7.59(m,2H),7.59-7.52(m,1H),3.72-3.69(m,2H),3.35(s,2H),3.03-2.94(m,2H),1.78-1.67(m,2H),1.63-1.60(m,2H)
LCMS:463.1[M+1]。
化合物826/922之製備之具體實驗程序
實驗數據:
1.1 化合物2之製備
於室溫下向 化合物1 (10g,0.06mmol)存於CH2Cl2(40mL)中之溶液中添加m-CPBA(9.0g,0.66mol),並將混合物於rt下攪拌12小時。將混合物用Na2SO3淬滅,用NaHCO3洗滌並濃縮,從而產生 化合物2 (10g,90%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:3.73-3.75(m,2H),3.59-3.
60(m,2H),3.20-3.25(m,2H),1.37(s,9H)。
1.2 化合物3之製備
於0℃下向 化合物2 (10.0g,0.054mol)存於Et3N(60mL)中之溶液中添加Py HF(20mL),並將混合物加熱至80℃達12小時。隨後在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用AcOEt稀釋,用NH4Cl水溶液及鹽水洗滌,經Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由管柱層析(PE:EA=4:1)純化殘餘物,從而產生化合物3(4g,36%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.79-4.90(m,1H),4.31-4.34(m,1H),3.46-3.56(m,4H),2.25(s,1H),1.40(s,9H)。
1.3 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向 化合物3 (2g,0.01mol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(10mL)。將所形成混合物攪拌2h並濃縮,從而產生用於下一步驟之TFA鹽形式之期望產物(2.4g)。
1.4 826之製備
於室溫下向 化合物5 (900mg,2.3mmol)及 化合物4 (580mg)存於MeCN(50mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(690mg,6.9mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌3小時。在真空中濃縮溶液。藉由矽膠層析(PE:EA=3:1)純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀826(0.6g,60%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4):δ ppm:8.40(s,1H),8.21-8.23(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.06-8.13(m,2H),7.69-8.06(m,2H),4.77-4.88(m,1H),4.23-4.25(m,1H),3.43-3.66(m,3H),3.32-3.33(m,1H)。
1.5 922之製備
於室溫下向 化合物6 (900mg,2.47mmol)及 化合物4 (620mg)存於MeCN(50mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(750mg,7.41mmol)。將混合物於rt下攪拌3小時。將溶液用AcOEt稀釋,用水洗滌,用無水Na2SO4乾燥並在真空中濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(PE:EA=3:1)純化殘餘物,從而產生白色固體狀922(0.6g,50%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ ppm:8.40(s,1H),10.68(s,1H),8.39-8.42(m,2H),8.03-8.05(m,1H),7.68-7.70(m,1H),7.43-7.48(m,
1H),5.61-5.62(d,J=3.6Hz1H),4.87-5.01(m,1H),4.20-4.22(m,1H),3.57-3.65(m,2H),3.48-3.49(m,1H),3.45-3.47(m,1H)。LCMS:435.0[M+1]。
化合物958之具體實驗程序
1.1 化合物2之製備
向化合物1(6.5g,79mmol)及化合物2(10.2g,69mmol)存於MeOH(100mL)中之漿液中添加Na2CO3水溶液(6mL,2N,12mmol),並於rt下攪拌24h。藉由過濾收集固體,用MeOH洗滌並在真空中乾燥,其用於下一步驟(14g,粗製)。
LCMS:230.2[M+1]。
1.2 化合物4之製備
於0℃下向化合物3(14g,61mmol)存於MeOH/THF(300mL/50mL)中之混合物中添加NaBH4(3.4g,90mmol)並於rt下攪拌過夜。減緩添加1N HCl以淬滅反應。在真空中濃縮所得混合物。用水及EtOAc溶解殘餘物。用EtOAc(500mL×2)萃取水相。濃縮合併之有機相以產生粗產物,藉由管柱層析對其進行純化,從而產生化合物4(8.0g,57%)。LCMS:236.1[M+1]。
1.3 化合物5之製備
向濃HCl(10mL)中添加化合物4(8.0g,34mmol)存於MeOH(100mL)中之混合物,並加熱回流2h。在真空中濃縮混合物。將殘餘物用水溶解並用EA洗滌。在真空中濃縮水相,從而產生呈HCl鹽形式之期望產物(2.8g,82%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ ppm:4.33(bs,1H),3.66(bs,1H),2.08-2.16(m,2H),1.74-1.90(m,4 H)。
1.4 958之製備
於rt下向 化合物6 (626mg,1.72mmol)及化合物5(174mg,1.72mmol)存於MeCN(7mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(260mg,2.58mmol),將混合物於rt下攪拌2h。在真空中濃縮溶液。在真空中濃縮有機相以產生粗產物,藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,從而產生期望產物(355mg,48%)。
H NMR(MeOD-d4 400MHz):8.47-8.45(m,1H),8.230-8.22(m,1H),7.98-7.96(m,1H),7.62-7.61(m,1H),7.50-7.48(m,1H),7.46-7.26(m,1H),4.13-4.10(m,1H),3.72-3.68(m,1H),2.10-2.08(m,1H),1.08-1.64(m,4H).1.64-1.43(m,1H)。
LCMS:431.0[M+1]。
實例:
HBV組裝分析
在如本文別處闡述之HBV組裝分析中分析所選之本發明化合物。在96孔板格式中實施組裝分析。在50mM Hepes緩衝液(pH 7.5)及150mM NaCl中實施組裝反應。將化合物與HBV CA蛋白質一起預培育15min,且藉由添加NaCl起始組裝反應。使反應於室溫下繼續1小時。96孔板組裝分析之Z'因子始終大於0.7且穩健且在每板之間及在每天之間均可重現。
為測定對衣殼組裝之效應,最初以4種不同濃度篩選每一測試化合物:10μM、3μM、1μM及0.3μM,一式兩份。主要目標係於10μM下在組裝分析中顯示>50%活性之化合物且該等活性化合物之代表性群組闡釋於表2中。
實例:
斑點印跡分析
在細胞分析中測試顯示在HBV組裝分析中具有活性之所選化合物的活性及毒性。在第一抗病毒分析中,使用斑點印跡法評價化合物抑制HBV在產生HBV之肝細胞瘤細胞系中複製之能力。
用含有不同濃度之測試化合物之完全培養基培育HepG2-2.2.15細胞之融合單層。三天後,將培養基更換為含有適當稀釋之測試化合物之新鮮培養基。最初投與測試化合物六天後,收集細胞培養上清液並實施細胞裂解。將試樣施加於Nylos膜上並藉由UV交聯將DNA固定至膜。預雜交後,添加HBV探針並實施雜交過夜。將膜暴露於Kodak薄膜;自HBV DNA量之減少計算抗病毒活性(EC50)。自活性化合物之劑量反應曲線計算抗病毒活性之EC50。藉由使用標準陽性對照化合物ETV、BAY 41-4109及HAP-1監測隨時間之分析性能。結果闡釋於表3中。
在此相同HepG2-2.2.15細胞系中使用如由製造商(Promega)推薦使用之基於CellTiter Blue之細胞毒性分析量測細胞毒性(CC50)。表3中之所有化合物皆證實於5μM下毒性較低。
表3
實例:
HBV前基因組RNA(pgRNA)納入之防止
在HBV複製之兩種不同細胞培養物模型中評定本發明化合物阻抑細胞外及細胞內HBV DNA產生之能力。實施可使細胞內病毒衣殼、以及衣殼化前基因組RNA及DNA定量之顆粒-凝膠分析。該分析依賴於病毒衣殼與無衣殼/核之亞單元及病毒pg-RNA及DNA的瓊脂糖凝膠分離。
此分析揭示,本發明化合物防止前基因組RNA包裝至病毒衣殼中,而對細胞內核顆粒含量無顯著效應。此效應與本發明化合物之生物化學活性一致,該等化合物用作錯誤導向活體外組裝從而導致形成異常、無功能顆粒的變構效應劑。有效抗病毒效應係由於病毒DNA合成需要pg-RNA衣殼化。
本文中引用之每一及每個專利、專利申請案及公開案之揭示內容的全文皆以引用方式併入本文中。
儘管已參照具體實施例揭示了本發明,但應明瞭,彼等熟習此項技術者可構想出本發明之其他實施例及變化形式,此並不背離本發明之真實精神及範疇。隨附申請專利範圍意欲理解為包括所有該等實施例及等效變化形式。
Claims (10)
- 一種式IV化合物,
- 一種式V之化合物,
- 一種式Ⅵ之化合物,
- 一種式VII化合物,
- 一種組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物、或其鹽、溶劑合物或N-氧化物。
- 一種為有需要之個體治療、根除、減少、減緩或抑制HBV感染的方法,該方法包括向該個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物。
- 一種為有需要之個體減少與HBV感染相關之病毒負荷的方法,該方法包括向該個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物。
- 一種有需要之個體減少HBV感染之復發的方法,該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物。
- 一種為有需要之個體誘發緩解因HBV感染之肝損傷的方法,該方法包括向該個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物。
- 一種為有需要之個體預防性治療HBV感染的方法,其中該個體患有潛在的HBV感染,該方法包括向該個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物。
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