TW201528645A - 用於電力管理之方法、裝置及非暫態電腦可讀媒體 - Google Patents

用於電力管理之方法、裝置及非暫態電腦可讀媒體 Download PDF

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TW201528645A
TW201528645A TW104111837A TW104111837A TW201528645A TW 201528645 A TW201528645 A TW 201528645A TW 104111837 A TW104111837 A TW 104111837A TW 104111837 A TW104111837 A TW 104111837A TW 201528645 A TW201528645 A TW 201528645A
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charging
wireless
power
control system
electronic device
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TWI552479B (zh
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Khaled Helmi El-Maleh
Yair Karmi
Sandip S Minhas
Srinivas Raghavan
Peng Li
David Maldonado
Marybeth Selby
Saumitra Mohan Das
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G06Q30/0241—Advertisements
    • G06Q30/0251—Targeted advertisements
    • G06Q30/0267—Wireless devices
    • H02J7/025—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00045—Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H04B5/79—

Abstract

例示性實施例係針對無線電力管理。一種方法可包括在一或多個受監視之能量儲存裝置中之一能量儲存裝置下降至低於一臨限值時，偵測一或多個無線充電器以用於對該能量儲存裝置充電。此外，該方法可包括選擇用於一與該能量儲存裝置相關聯之電子裝置的一充電方案。

Description

用於電力管理之方法、裝置及非暫態電腦可讀媒體
本發明大體而言係關於無線電力，且更具體言之，係關於電力管理、無線充電器之定位，及自動化無線充電。
本申請案依據35 U.S.C.§119(e)主張以下申請案的優先權：2009年11月17日申請的題為「無線電力(WIRELESS POWER)」之美國臨時專利申請案第61/262,119號，該案之揭示內容藉此以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
通常，每一電池供電裝置需要其自身的充電器及電源，該電源通常為一交流(AC)電源插座。在許多裝置需要充電時，此舉變得難以使用。
正開發在傳輸器與待充電之裝置之間使用空中電力傳輸的做法。此等做法大體上屬於兩種類別。一種類別係基於傳輸天線與待充電之裝置上的接收天線之間的平面波輻射(亦稱為遠場輻射)的耦合，該待充電之裝置收集所輻射之電力且對其整流以用於對電池充電。天線大體上為諧振長度以便改良耦合效率。此做法的缺點為電力耦合隨著天線之間的距離增加而迅速衰退。因此，超過合理距離(例如，>1-2公尺)充電變得困難。另外，因為系統輻射平面波，所以若未經由濾波來進行適當控制，則無意之輻射可干擾其他系統。
其他做法係基於嵌入於(例如)「充電」墊或表面中的傳輸天線與嵌入於待充電之主機裝置中的接收天線加整流電路之間的電感耦合。此做法具有以下缺點：傳輸天線與接收天線之間的間隔必須非常接近(例如，幾毫米)。雖然此做法確實具有對同一區域中之多個裝置同時充電的能力，但此區域通常較小，因此使用者必須將該等裝置定位至一特定區域。
需要用於管理與電子裝置相關聯之電力、定位無線電力充電器及自動化無線充電的系統、裝置及方法。
本案之一實施例係關於一種方法，其包含：在一或多個受監視之能量儲存裝置中之一能量儲存裝置的一充電位準下降至低於一臨限值時，偵測一或多個無線充電器以用於對該能量儲存裝置充電；及選擇用於一與該能量儲存裝置相關聯之電子裝置的一充電方案。
本案之另一實施例係關於一種裝置，其包含：一控制系統，其經組態以進行以下操作：在一或多個受監視之能量裝置中之一能量儲存裝置的一電荷位準下降至低於一臨限位準時，偵測一或多個無線充電器；及在偵測到一或多個無線充電器後便選擇用於一與能量裝置相關聯之電子裝置的一充電方案。
本案之另一實施例係關於一種裝置，其包含：用於在一或多個受監視之能量儲存裝置中之一能量儲存裝置的一充電位準下降至低於一臨限值時偵測一或多個無線充電器以用於對該能量儲存裝置充電的構件；及用於選擇用於一與該能量儲存裝置相關聯之電子裝置的一充電方案的構件。
本案之另一實施例係關於一種方法，其包含：在位於一無線充電器之一充電區內之至少一電子裝置處接收與該無線充電器相關聯之一充電標記；及將一整合有該充電標記之信標信號傳輸至至少一其他 電子裝置，以使該至少一其他電子裝置能夠利用該至少一電子裝置作為一存取點。
100‧‧‧無線傳輸或充電系統
102‧‧‧輸入電力
104‧‧‧傳輸器
106‧‧‧輻射場
108‧‧‧接收器
110‧‧‧輸出電力
112‧‧‧距離
114‧‧‧傳輸天線
118‧‧‧接收天線
119‧‧‧通信頻道
122‧‧‧振盪器
123‧‧‧調整信號
124‧‧‧功率放大器
125‧‧‧控制信號
126‧‧‧濾波器及匹配電路
132‧‧‧匹配電路
134‧‧‧整流器及切換電路
136‧‧‧電池
150‧‧‧「迴圈」天線
152‧‧‧電容器
154‧‧‧電容器
156‧‧‧諧振信號
200‧‧‧傳輸器
202‧‧‧傳輸電路
204‧‧‧傳輸天線
206‧‧‧固定阻抗匹配電路
208‧‧‧低通濾波器(LPF)
210‧‧‧功率放大器
212‧‧‧振盪器
214‧‧‧控制器
216‧‧‧負載感測電路
220‧‧‧載波信號
224‧‧‧傳輸調變信號
226‧‧‧電力輸入信號
228‧‧‧電力供應
230‧‧‧差動放大器
235‧‧‧接收信號
270‧‧‧記憶體
280‧‧‧存在偵測器
290‧‧‧封入式偵測器
300‧‧‧接收器
302‧‧‧接收電路
304‧‧‧接收天線
306‧‧‧電力轉換電路
308‧‧‧射頻(RF)至直流(DC)轉換器
310‧‧‧直流(DC)至直流(DC)轉換器
312‧‧‧切換電路
314‧‧‧發信號偵測器及信標電路
316‧‧‧處理器
350‧‧‧裝置
700‧‧‧電子裝置
702‧‧‧接收天線
704‧‧‧控制系統
706‧‧‧能量儲存裝置
750‧‧‧系統
800‧‧‧系統
802‧‧‧無線充電器
852‧‧‧電子裝置
854‧‧‧基於伺服器之裝置
900‧‧‧定位系統
902‧‧‧位置偵測組件
906‧‧‧資料庫
980‧‧‧根據一或多個例示性實施例之方法
1000‧‧‧系統
1002‧‧‧無線充電器
1004A‧‧‧電子裝置
1004B‧‧‧電子裝置
1004C‧‧‧電子裝置
1006‧‧‧資料庫
1008‧‧‧介面
1010‧‧‧根據一或多個例示性實施例之方法
圖1展示無線電力轉移系統之簡化方塊圖；圖2展示無線電力轉移系統之簡化示意圖；圖3說明用於本發明之例示性實施例中之迴圈天線的示意圖；圖4為根據本發明之例示性實施例之傳輸器的簡化方塊圖；圖5為根據本發明之例示性實施例之接收器的簡化方塊圖；圖6展示用於執行傳輸器與接收器之間的訊息傳遞的傳輸電路之一部分的簡化示意圖；圖7說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之包括一控制系統的電子裝置；圖8說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之包含複數個電子裝置的系統；圖9說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之包括一電子裝置及複數個無線充電器的系統；圖10說明根據本發明之例示性實施例的包括一基於伺服器之裝置的系統，該基於伺服器之裝置包括一控制系統；圖11描繪根據本發明之例示性實施例的位置偵測系統；圖12為說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之方法的流程圖；圖13說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之包括一無線充電器的系統；及圖14為說明根據本發明之例示性實施例之另一方法的流程圖。
下文中結合隨附圖式所闡述之[實施方式]意欲作為對本發明之例示性實施例的描述且不意欲表示可實踐本發明的僅有實施例。遍及此 描述所使用之術語「例示性」意謂「充當實例、例子或說明」，且未必應被解釋為相比其他例示性實施例較佳或有利。該[實施方式]包括特定細節以便達成提供對本發明之例示性實施例之澈底理解的目的。熟習此項技術者將顯而易見的是，可在無此等特定細節之情況下實踐本發明之例示性實施例。在一些例子中，以方塊圖形式展示熟知結構及裝置以便避免混淆本文中所呈現之例示性實施例的新穎性。
詞「無線電力」在本文中用以意謂在不使用實體電磁導體之情況下自傳輸器傳輸至接收器的與電場、磁場、電磁場或其他者相關聯的任何形式之能量。應注意，本發明可適用於任何合適之無線電力情況，諸如近場、遠場、諧振及電感耦合。
圖1說明根據本發明之各種例示性實施例的無線傳輸或充電系統100。將輸入電力102提供至傳輸器104以供產生用於提供能量轉移之輻射場106。接收器108耦合至輻射場106且產生輸出電力110以供耦合至輸出電力110之裝置(未圖示)儲存或消耗。傳輸器104與接收器108兩者分開達距離112。在一例示性實施例中，根據相互諧振關係來組態傳輸器104及接收器108，且在接收器108之諧振頻率與傳輸器104之諧振頻率非常接近時，當接收器108位於輻射場106之「近場」中時，傳輸器104與接收器108之間的傳輸損失最小。
傳輸器104進一步包括用於提供用於能量傳輸之構件的傳輸天線114，且接收器108進一步包括用於提供用於能量接收之構件的接收天線118。根據應用及待與之相關聯之裝置來對傳輸天線及接收天線設定大小。如所陳述，藉由將傳輸天線之近場中之大部分能量耦合至接收天線而非以電磁波形式將多數能量傳播至遠場來發生有效率能量轉移。當在此近場中時，可在傳輸天線114與接收天線118之間形成耦合模式。可發生此近場耦合的在天線114及118周圍的區域在本文中稱作耦合模式區。
圖2展示無線電力轉移系統之簡化示意圖。傳輸器104包括振盪器122、功率放大器124，及濾波器及匹配電路126。該振盪器經組態以在所要頻率下產生信號，該所要頻率可回應於調整信號123來加以調整。可由功率放大器124以回應於控制信號125的放大量來放大振盪器信號。可包括濾波器及匹配電路126以濾出諧波或其他不想要之頻率且使傳輸器104之阻抗與傳輸天線114匹配。
接收器108可包括匹配電路132及整流器及切換電路134，以產生一直流(DC)電力輸出以對電池136(如圖2中所展示)充電或對耦接至接收器之裝置(未圖示)供電。可包括匹配電路132以使接收器108之阻抗與接收天線118匹配。接收器108與傳輸器104可在一單獨通信頻道119(例如，藍芽、紫蜂(zigbee)、蜂巢式等)上通信。
如圖3中所說明，例示性實施例中所使用之天線可組態為「迴圈」天線150，其在本文中亦可稱作「磁性」天線。迴圈天線可經組態以包括一空心或實體心(諸如，鐵氧體心)。空心迴圈天線可較能容忍置放於該心附近之外來實體裝置。此外，空心迴圈天線允許其他組件置放於心區域內。另外，空心迴圈可更易於使得能夠將接收天線118(圖2)置放於傳輸天線114(圖2)之平面內，在該平面內，傳輸天線114(圖2)之耦合模式區可更強大。
如所陳述，在傳輸器104與接收器108之間的匹配或近似匹配諧振期間，發生傳輸器104與接收器108之間的有效率能量轉移。然而，甚至當傳輸器104與接收器108之間的諧振不匹配時，仍可以較低效率轉移能量。藉由將來自傳輸天線之近場的能量耦合至駐留於建立此近場之鄰域中的接收天線而非將能量自傳輸天線傳播至自由空間中來發生能量轉移。
迴圈天線或磁性天線之諧振頻率係基於電感及電容。迴圈天線中之電感大體上僅為由該迴圈天線建立之電感，而電容大體上添加至 迴圈天線之電感以在所要諧振頻率下建立一諧振結構。作為一非限制性實例，可將電容器152及電容器154添加至該天線以建立一產生諧振信號156之諧振電路。因此，對於較大直徑之迴圈天線而言，誘發諧振所需之電容的大小隨著迴圈天線之直徑或電感增加而減小。此外，隨著迴圈天線或磁性天線之直徑增加，近場之有效能量轉移區域增大。當然，其他諧振電路為可能的。作為另一非限制性實例，電容器可並聯地置放於迴圈天線之兩個端子之間。另外，一般熟習此項技術者將認識到，對於傳輸天線，諧振信號156可為至迴圈天線150之輸入。
圖4為根據本發明之例示性實施例之傳輸器200的簡化方塊圖。傳輸器200包括傳輸電路202及傳輸天線204。大體而言，傳輸電路202藉由提供一致使在傳輸天線204周圍產生近場能量的振盪信號來將射頻(RF)電力提供至傳輸天線204。僅舉例而言，傳輸器200可在13.56MHz ISM頻帶下操作。
例示性傳輸電路202包括固定阻抗匹配電路206，其用於使傳輸電路202之阻抗(例如，50歐姆)與傳輸天線204匹配；及低通濾波器(LPF)208，其經組態以將諧波發射減少至防止耦接至接收器108(圖1)之裝置的自干擾的位準。其他例示性實施例可包括不同濾波器拓撲(包括(但不限於)使特定頻率衰減同時使其他頻率通過的陷波濾波器)，且可包括適應性阻抗匹配，該適應性阻抗匹配可基於可量測傳輸量度(諸如，至天線之輸出功率或由功率放大器汲取之DC電流)而變化。傳輸電路202進一步包括經組態以驅動如由振盪器212判定之RF信號的功率放大器210。傳輸電路可由離散裝置或電路組成，或替代地可由整合式總成組成。來自傳輸天線204之例示性RF功率輸出可為約2.5瓦特。
傳輸電路202進一步包括控制器214，其用於在特定接收器之傳 輸階段(或作用時間循環)期間啟用振盪器212、用於調整該振盪器之頻率，及用於調整用於實施通信協定(用於經由相鄰裝置所附接之接收器與相鄰裝置互動)的輸出功率位準。
傳輸電路202可進一步包括負載感測電路216，其用於偵測在由傳輸天線204產生之近場附近的作用中接收器之存在或不存在。舉例而言，負載感測電路216監視流動至功率放大器210之電流，其受在由傳輸天線204產生之近場附近的作用中接收器之存在或不存在影響。對功率放大器210上之負載之改變的偵測係由控制器214監視，以用於判定是否啟用振盪器212以傳輸能量以與作用中接收器通信。
傳輸天線204可實施為天線條帶，其具有經選擇以使電阻損失保持較低的厚度、寬度及金屬類型。在習知實施方案中，傳輸天線204可大體上經組態以與較大結構(諸如，桌子、墊、燈或其他不便攜帶之組態)相關聯。因此，傳輸天線204大體上將不需要「匝」以便為實際尺寸。傳輸天線204之例示性實施方案可為「電學上較小」(亦即，波長之分率)且經調諧以藉由使用電容器來界定諧振頻率而在較低可用頻率下諧振。在傳輸天線204之直徑或邊長(若為正方形迴圈)相對於接收天線而言可較大(例如，0.50公尺)的例示性應用中，傳輸天線204將未必需要較大數目之匝來獲得合理電容。
傳輸器200可搜集並追蹤關於可能與傳輸器200相關聯之接收器裝置之行蹤及狀態的資訊。因此，傳輸器電路202可包括連接至控制器214(在本文中亦稱作處理器)之存在偵測器280、封入式偵測器290，或其組合。控制器214可回應於來自存在偵測器280及封入式偵測器290之存在信號而調整由放大器210遞送之電力之量。傳輸器可經由若干電源(諸如，用以轉換存在於建築物中之習知AC電力的AC至DC轉換器(未圖示)、用以將習知DC電源轉換成適合於傳輸器200之電壓的DC至DC轉換器(未圖示))接收電力，或可直接自習知DC電源(未 圖示)接收電力。
作為一非限制性實例，存在偵測器280可為一運動偵測器，其用以感測插入於傳輸器之覆蓋區域中的待充電裝置的初始存在。在偵測之後，可開啟傳輸器且可使用由裝置接收之RF電力來以預定方式撥轉Rx裝置上之一開關，此情形繼而導致傳輸器之驅動點阻抗之改變。
作為另一非限制性實例，存在偵測器280可為能夠(例如)藉由紅外線偵測、運動偵測或其他合適方式偵測人類的偵測器。在一些例示性實施例中，可能存在限制傳輸天線可在一特定頻率下傳輸之功率之量的規則。在一些狀況下，此等規則意欲保護人類免受電磁輻射。然而，可能存在傳輸天線置放於人類未佔據或人類很少佔據之區域(諸如，車庫、廠區、店鋪，及其類似者)中的環境。若此等環境無人類，則可能可准許將傳輸天線之功率輸出增加至高於正常功率限制規則。換言之，控制器214可回應於人類存在而將傳輸天線204之功率輸出調整至一管制位準或較低位準，且當人類處於距傳輸天線204之電磁場一管制距離之外時，將傳輸天線204之功率輸出調整至一高於該管制位準之位準。
作為一非限制性實例，封入式偵測器290(在本文中亦可稱作封入式隔間偵測器或封入式空間偵測器)可為諸如感測開關之裝置，其用於判定封入件何時處於封閉或開放狀態。當傳輸器處於呈封入狀態之封入件中時，可增加傳輸器之功率位準。
在例示性實施例中，可使用傳輸器200藉以不會無限地保持開啟之方法。在此狀況下，傳輸器200可經程式化以在使用者確定之時間量之後切斷。此特徵防止傳輸器200(尤其是功率放大器210)在其周邊之無線裝置完全充電之後長時間運轉。此事件可歸因於用以偵測自中繼器或接收線圈發送之信號的電路之故障，該信號指示裝置完全充 電。為了防止傳輸器200在另一裝置置放於其周邊時自動地切斷，可僅在偵測到傳輸器200之周邊缺乏運動之設定時段之後啟動傳輸器200自動切斷特徵。使用者可能能夠判定停止使用(inactivity)時間間隔，且在需要時改變該停止使用時間間隔。作為一非限制性實例，該時間間隔可比在假定特定類型之無線裝置最初完全放電之情況下對該裝置完全充電所需的時間間隔長。
圖5為根據本發明之例示性實施例之接收器300的簡化方塊圖。接收器300包括接收電路302及接收天線304。接收器300進一步耦接至裝置350以向其提供所接收之電力。應注意，將接收器300說明為在裝置350外部，但可將接收器300整合至裝置350中。大體而言，能量係無線地傳播至接收天線304且接著經由接收電路302而耦合至裝置350。
接收天線304經調諧以在與傳輸天線204(圖4)相同之頻率下或幾乎相同之頻率下諧振。接收天線304可與傳輸天線204類似地來設定尺寸，或可基於相關聯裝置350之尺寸來不同地設定大小。舉例而言，裝置350可為具有小於傳輸天線204之直徑或長度的直徑或長度尺寸的攜帶型電子裝置。在此實例中，接收天線304可實施為多匝天線以便減小調諧電容器(未圖示)之電容值且增加接收天線之阻抗。舉例而言，接收天線304可置放於裝置350之實質周長周圍，以便使天線直徑最大化且減小接收天線之迴圈匝(亦即，繞組)之數目及繞組間電容。
接收電路302提供與接收天線304的阻抗匹配。接收電路302包括電力轉換電路306，其用於將所接收之RF能源轉換成供裝置350使用之充電電力。電力轉換電路306包括RF至DC轉換器308且亦可包括DC至DC轉換器310。RF至DC轉換器308將接收天線304處所接收之RF能量信號整流成非交流電力，而DC至DC轉換器310將經整流之RF能量信號轉換成可與裝置350相容的勢能(例如，電壓)。預期各種RF至DC 轉換器，包括部分及全整流器、調節器、橋接器、倍加器以及線性及切換轉換器。
接收電路302可進一步包括切換電路312，其用於將接收天線304連接至電力轉換電路306或替代地用於斷開電力轉換電路306。將接收天線304與電力轉換電路306斷開不僅暫時中止對裝置350充電，而且改變如傳輸器200(圖2)所「見到」之「負載」。
如上文所揭示，傳輸器200包括負載感測電路216，其偵測提供至傳輸器功率放大器210之偏壓電流的波動。因此，傳輸器200具有用於判定接收器何時存在於傳輸器之近場中的機構。
當多個接收器300存在於傳輸器之近場中時，可能需要對一或多個接收器之加載及卸載進行時間多工以使其他接收器能夠更有效率地耦合至傳輸器。亦可隱匿一接收器以便消除至其他附近接收器之耦合或減少附近傳輸器上之負載。接收器之此「卸載」在本文中亦稱為「隱匿」。此外，如下文更完全地解釋，由接收器300控制且由傳輸器200偵測的卸載與加載之間的此切換提供自接收器300至傳輸器200的通信機制。另外，一協定可與該切換相關聯，該協定使得能夠將訊息自接收器300發送至傳輸器200。舉例而言，切換速度可為約100微秒。
在一例示性實施例中，傳輸器與接收器之間的通信指代裝置感測及充電控制機制而非習知雙向通信。換言之，傳輸器使用所傳輸之信號之開/關鍵控，以調整能量在近場中是否可用。接收器將此等能量改變解譯為來自傳輸器之訊息。自接收器側而言，接收器使用接收天線之調諧與解除調諧來調整正自近場接受之電力的量。傳輸器可偵測來自近場之所使用之電力的此差異，且將此等改變解譯為來自接收器之訊息。
接收電路302可進一步包括用以識別所接收之能量波動的發信號 偵測器及信標電路314，該等能量波動可對應於自傳輸器至接收器之資訊性發信號。此外，發信號及信標電路314亦可用以偵測減少之RF信號能量(亦即，信標信號)的傳輸且將該減少之RF信號能量整流成標稱電力以用於喚醒接收電路302內的未供電或電力耗盡之電路，以便組態接收電路302以用於進行無線充電。
接收電路302進一步包括處理器316，其用於協調本文中所描述之接收器300之處理程序(包括對本文中所描述之切換電路312的控制)。亦可在發生其他事件(包括偵測到向裝置350提供充電電力之外部有線充電源(例如，壁式/USB電源))後發生接收器300之隱匿。除控制接收器之隱匿之外，處理器316亦可監視信標電路314以判定一信標狀態且擷取自傳輸器發送之訊息。處理器316亦可調整DC至DC轉換器310以獲得改良之效能。
圖6展示用於執行傳輸器與接收器之間的訊息傳遞的傳輸電路之一部分的簡化示意圖。在本發明之一些例示性實施例中，可在傳輸器與接收器之間啟用用於通信之構件。在圖6中，功率放大器210驅動傳輸天線204以產生輻射場。該功率放大器藉由載波信號220來驅動，該載波信號220在傳輸天線204之所要頻率下振盪。使用傳輸調變信號224來控制功率放大器210之輸出。
傳輸電路可藉由對功率放大器210使用開/關鍵控處理程序來將信號發送至接收器。換言之，當確證傳輸調變信號224時，功率放大器210將在傳輸天線204上向外驅動載波信號220之頻率。當否定傳輸調變信號224時，功率放大器將不在傳輸天線204上向外驅動任何頻率。
圖6之傳輸電路亦包括負載感測電路216，其將電力供應至功率放大器210且產生一接收信號235輸出。在負載感測電路216中，電阻器Rs上之電壓降形成於電力輸入信號226與至功率放大器210之電力供應228之間。由功率放大器210消耗之電力的任何改變將引起將由差動 放大器230放大之電壓降的改變。當傳輸天線與接收器(圖6中未展示)中之接收天線處於耦合模式中時，由功率放大器210汲取之電流之量將改變。換言之，若傳輸天線204不存在耦合模式諧振，則驅動輻射場所需之電力將為第一量。若存在耦合模式諧振，則由功率放大器210消耗之電力之量將上升，此係因為大量電力耦合至接收天線中。因此，接收信號235可指示耦合至傳輸天線204之接收天線的存在且亦可偵測自接收天線發送之信號。另外，接收器電流汲取之改變可在傳輸器之功率放大器電流汲取中觀測到，且此改變可用以偵測來自接收天線之信號。
本發明之各種例示性實施例係關於一或多個電子裝置之電力管理，無線充電器之定位，及自動化無線充電。圖7說明電子裝置700，其具有一接收器(圖7中未展示；參見(例如)圖5之接收器300)及至少一相關聯之接收天線702。電子裝置700可進一步包括控制系統704及能量儲存裝置706。僅舉例而言，能量儲存裝置706可包含電池。如本文中所描述，控制系統704可經組態以用於裝置700之電力管理以及無線充電。
應注意，雖然將控制系統704說明為與單一電子裝置(亦即，裝置700)相關聯，但本發明不受如此限制。實情為，根據一例示性實施例，控制系統704可分散於若干相關聯之電子裝置中。舉例而言，使用者可具有複數個裝置(例如，行動電話、個人媒體播放器，及藍芽耳機)，其中控制系統704干擾於每一裝置中且經組態以管理該複數個裝置中之每一者的電力消耗及無線充電。
圖8說明包含複數個裝置700之系統750，其中每一裝置包含控制系統704。作為一更特定實例，參看圖8，一裝置700可包含使用者之行動電話且另一裝置700可包含使用者之攜帶型媒體播放器。根據下文參看圖10更完全描述之另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可駐留於 基於伺服器之裝置上且可經組態以用於管理複數個相關聯的可以無線方式充電之電子裝置的電力消耗及無線充電。
再次參看圖7，根據一例示性實施例，可監視儲存於能量儲存裝置706內之電荷之位準。僅舉例而言，控制系統704可經組態以判定並監視儲存於能量儲存裝置706內之電荷之位準。此外，控制系統704可經組態以搜尋位於可偵測區內且經組態以用於傳輸無線電力的一或多個合適之無線充電器並可能地定位該一或多個合適之無線充電器。更具體言之，例如，在能量儲存裝置706之充電位準下降至低於一臨限量後，控制系統704便可經組態以試圖定位一或多個合適之無線充電器。
圖9說明系統800，其包括電子裝置700及複數個無線充電器802，複數個無線充電器802位於裝置700之可偵測區內。因此，如上文所提及，電子裝置700(且，更具體言之，控制系統704)可經組態以搜尋並識別無線充電器802。應注意，一或多個無線充電器802可包含可充電裝置，諸如攜帶型媒體播放器。因此，裝置700(其在一實例中包含行動電話)可自另一裝置(亦即，攜帶型媒體播放器)接收(「提取」)電力。
如上文所註釋，控制系統704可經組態以偵測位於可偵測區內之一或多個無線充電器。僅舉例而言，控制系統704可包含或可耦接至經組態以用於偵測無線充電器之一或多個近接感測器。根據另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可包含或可操作地耦接至全球定位系統(GPS)，全球定位系統(GPS)可輔助裝置700搜尋一或多個合適之無線充電器並定位該一或多個合適之無線充電器。下文將更完全地描述控制系統704包含或操作地耦接至用於輔助定位一或多個無線充電器之GPS的實施例。
此外，在偵測到至少一無線充電器802後，控制系統704便可經 進一步組態以實施用於相關聯之裝置700的合適之充電方案。更具體言之，控制系統704可使用充電分析以基於一或多個因素而判定是否自可用無線充電器接收電荷。充電分析可包括分析一或多個因素，如下文更完全描述。舉例而言，充電分析可包含(僅舉例而言)成本效益分析，在成本效益分析中，權衡充電成本與充電效益之得失。此外，在控制系統704偵測到複數個無線充電器的情況下，控制系統704可經組態以基於一或多因素而判定自該複數個所識別之無線充電器中之哪個無線充電器接收電荷，以使裝置700之充電情況能夠最佳化。又更具體言之，控制系統704可考慮與裝置700、與裝置700之使用者、一或多個可用無線充電器或其組合相關聯的各種因素，且可回應於該等各種因素而判定是否接收電荷，且在判定接收電荷時，判定自哪個無線充電器接收電荷以使裝置700之充電情況能夠最佳化。應注意，在選擇一或多個無線充電器用於一充電方案後，裝置700及該一或多個選定之無線充電器可使用一或多個已知的且合適之協定(例如，交握協定)進行任何合適之鑑認程序。
僅舉例而言，在充電分析中可考慮之因素可包括以下各者：裝置700之電荷位準、裝置700所需之電荷量、裝置700之操作狀態、對裝置700充電之成本、對裝置700充電之效益、與對裝置700充電相關聯之延遲、與一或多個可用無線充電器相關聯之可靠性問題、對裝置700充電的預期時間長度、在進行裝置700之後續充電之前的預期時間、裝置700之電力需求量，及裝置700所使用之應用程式。
應注意，術語「充電方案」可包含「不充電方案」。換言之，控制系統704可藉由決定不對相關聯之裝置充電而實施用於該裝置的合適之充電方案。此外，控制系統704可藉由決定對相關聯之裝置充電(且此外，決定利用哪個無線充電器用於該充電)而實施用於該裝置的合適之充電方案。
如上文所提及，在控制系統704識別至少一可用無線充電器後，控制系統704便可在以下操作中考慮一或多個因素：判定是否接收無線充電，且在判定接收無線充電時，判定自哪個無線充電器接收無線充電。如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，各種無線充電器(例如，公共無線電力熱點)可能需要使用者在自其接收電荷之前支付附加費(亦即，基於訂用之充電)或購買產品(例如，一杯咖啡)。若附近的免費充電亦可用，則此等費用可能為使用者所不希望有的。類似於基於訂用之充電，基於廣告之充電可允許使用者在檢視至少一廣告之後免費充電。此外，若使用者可在其他地方充電而無需檢視廣告，則此情形可能為使用者所不希望有的。
在挑選無線充電器中，充電速度亦可為重要的。若干因素可影響傳輸速度，諸如，同時充電之裝置的數目。若傳輸速度相對較慢，則使用者可能優選較快來源，即使需要費用亦如此。另外，存在可影響使用者希望在特定時間充電之若干因素，包括使用者處於靜止抑或運動中，及裝置之剩餘電池壽命。在移動的同時對裝置充電可為較困難的且，因此，使用者可能優選在到達目的地之後對裝置充電。此外，若電池之剩餘壽命接近滿格(full)且所有周圍無線電力充電器由於某種原因而令人不滿意(例如，均收取費用)，則使用者可能優選等待對裝置充電。因此，控制系統704可經組態以考慮與所識別之充電器相關聯的一或多個因素(亦即，充電器是否為基於費用之充電器，充電器是否為基於廣告之充電器，及充電器之充電速度)，以便判定選擇哪個無線充電器用於充電。
根據一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以在完成充電分析後，便自動地實施用於裝置700之充電方案。根據另一例示性實施例，在完成充電分析後，控制系統704便可經組態以為裝置700之使用者提供所建議的充電方案，使用者可接受或拒絕所建議的充電方案。 應注意，裝置700可為裝置使用者提供所偵測到的無線充電器之清單。此外，裝置700可為使用者提供關於所偵測到的無線充電器之資訊，包括位置、成本及傳輸速度。基於所提供之資訊，使用者可選擇充電方案(例如，是否對裝置700充電，且在選擇對裝置700充電時，利用哪個無線電力充電器)。應注意，根據一例示性實施例，裝置700可經組態以在裝置使用者選擇所要的無線充電器之前延遲充電。
在另一例示性實施例中，控制系統704可經組態以使用一或多個充電模式。該等充電模式可定義一充電方案，諸如，「無線充電模式」、「非無線充電模式」、「基於訂用之充電模式」或「基於廣告之充電模式」。控制系統704可經組態以基於若干參數(諸如，時間、位置、暫時優選項等)而實施一特定充電模式。此外，裝置使用者可進一步定義與特定充電模式相關聯之一或多個參數。此外，在充電模式之間切換可為自動的、半自動的(亦即，向使用者提議以得到核准並於不存在使用者覆寫時切換)或手動的(亦即，使用者起始)。根據此例示性實施例，例如，裝置使用者可決定在校內時(亦即，基於自動定位)使用基於訂用之模式，且在特定時段期間(亦即，基於時間)(例如，在5PM與7AM之間)使用基於廣告之模式。作為另一實例，使用者可決定僅使用基於訂用之模式以便避免廣告。
根據另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以使本發明之例示性特徵自動化。舉例而言，控制系統704可經組態以使用基於機率及/或統計之分析來基於使用者之先前決策而自動地選擇無線電源或充電模式。舉例而言，雖然一使用者可能不介意檢視廣告以便接收無線充電，但另一使用者可能優選為無線充電支付費用以便避免廣告。作為另一實例，使用者可優選特定熱點位置或熱點公司。因此，控制系統704可經組態以基於使用者之先前優選項而自動地選擇一充電方案。
另外，控制系統704可經組態以在發生一事件後便調適裝置700之操作狀態。舉例而言，控制系統704可經組態以在相關聯之能量儲存裝置之充電位準下降至低於一臨限值時，減小裝置700之電力消耗。作為另一實例，控制系統704可經組態以減小相關聯之接收器的敏感度或減小裝置700之操作循環。控制系統704亦可經組態以關閉或停用一或多個應用程式(諸如，GPS)。
如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，諸如行動電話之電子裝置可包含時間管理應用程式(亦即，行事曆應用程式)。行事曆應用程式之實例可包括Microsoft Outlook、Google Calendars、iCal，及其類似者。根據本發明之一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以與一與裝置700相關聯之電子行事曆同步且，因此，控制系統704可基於一或多個電子行事曆項而預測電力需求量。作為一實例，若裝置700之使用者具有一排程於相關聯之電子行事曆上之會議呼叫，則控制系統704可經組態以基於電子行事曆項而判定該會議呼叫可能需要多少電池電力，且在何時間需要電池電力。此外，若控制系統704判定裝置700之當前充電位準不足以用於該會議呼叫，則控制系統704可搜尋一或多個合適之無線充電器並可能地定位該一或多個合適之無線充電器。因而，可在該會議呼叫之前對能量儲存裝置706充電。
此外，控制系統704可經組態以顯示一訊息，以警告裝置700之相關聯之使用者需要額外電力及需要電力之前的持續時間。控制系統704可藉由有線方式或無線方式警告使用者需要電力。
此外，根據另一例示性實施例，系統704可經組態以在預期到相關聯之電子行事曆之一或多個項時修改(例如，減小)電力消耗。舉例而言，在基於電子行事曆項(亦即，會議呼叫)而判定會議呼叫可能需要多少電池電力之後，系統704可經組態以減小在會議呼叫之前的裝置700之電力消耗，以節省電力。應注意，此例示性實施例可適用於 其他情況，諸如(僅舉例而言)在休假之前對電子牙刷或剃刀充電，在教育課程之前對膝上型電腦充電，在日常慢跑之前對個人媒體播放器充電，或在喜愛的電視節目之前對遠端控制器充電。
在一例示性實施例中，控制系統704可包含預定義之操作參數。在另一例示性實施例中，使用者可定製控制系統704之一或多個參數。舉例而言，控制系統704可使一使用者能夠基於充電成本、充電臨限值或其組合而修改用於充電之準則。此外，控制系統704可使該使用者能夠(僅舉例而言)在發生一或多個事件後、在一或多個特定時間或其任何組合時組態控制系統704之操作。在另一實例中，控制系統704可使一使用者能夠定義何時啟用或停用控制系統704。舉例而言，為了促進顧慮到隱私，使用者可使控制系統704在相關聯之裝置處於特定位置時停用以使得其他裝置無法偵測到裝置700。作為另一實例，裝置使用者可程式化裝置以使其充當無線充電器且可進一步識別將電力傳送至哪一或多個裝置。舉例而言，使用者可僅允許自其行動電話對其藍芽耳機充電。換言之，藍芽耳機可自行動電話提取電力。類似地，使用者可允許媒體播放器將電力傳送至使用者所擁有的每個其他裝置。作為另一實例，使用者可定製控制系統704以便抑制蜂巢式電話將電力提供至另一裝置。
圖10說明根據本發明之例示性實施例的包括一基於伺服器之裝置的系統，該基於伺服器之裝置包括一控制系統。參看圖10，根據如上文所提及之一例示性實施例，控制系統704可駐留於基於伺服器之裝置854上，且可經組態以用於管理複數個相關聯的可以無線方式充電之電子裝置852的電力消耗及無線充電。更具體言之，控制系統704可經組態以監視儲存於一或多個能量儲存裝置706內之電荷之位準，其中每一能量儲存裝置與一可充電之電子裝置852相關聯。此外，控制系統704可經組態以搜尋一或多個合適之無線充電器並可能地定位 該一或多個合適之無線充電器。更具體言之，例如，在能量儲存裝置706之充電位準下降至低於一臨限量後，控制系統704便可經組態以試圖定位用於相關聯之裝置852的一或多個合適之無線充電器。
根據一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以偵測可用於對特定電子裝置852充電之一或多個無線充電器。此外，在偵測到至少一無線充電器(例如，無線充電器802；參見圖9)後，控制系統704便可經進一步組態以實施用於特定電子裝置852的合適之充電方案。更具體言之，控制系統704可使用充電分析以基於一或多個因素而判定電子裝置852是否應自可用無線充電器接收電荷。如上文所註釋，充電分析可包含(僅舉例而言)成本效益分析，在成本效益分析中，權衡充電成本與充電效益之得失。此外，在控制系統704偵測到複數個無線充電器的情況下，控制系統704可經組態以基於一或多因素而判定該複數個所識別之無線充電器中之哪個無線充電器應將電力傳送至電子裝置852，以使裝置852之充電情況能夠最佳化。又更具體言之，控制系統704可考慮與電子裝置852、與電子裝置852之使用者、一或多個可用無線充電器或其組合相關聯的各種因素，且可回應於該等各種因素而判定電子裝置852是否應接收電荷，且在判定電子裝置852應接收電荷時，判定應利用哪個無線充電器來使電子裝置852之充電情況能夠最佳化。
根據一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以在完成充電分析後，便自動地實施用於電子裝置852之充電方案。根據另一例示性實施例，在完成充電分析後，控制系統704便可經組態以為裝置852之使用者提供所建議的充電方案，使用者可接受或拒絕所建議的充電方案。應注意，控制系統704可為裝置使用者提供所偵測到的無線充電器之清單。此外，控制系統704可為使用者提供關於所偵測到的無線充電器之資訊，包括位置、成本及傳輸速度。基於所提供之資訊，使 用者可選擇所要之無線充電器用於充電。應注意，根據一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以在電子裝置使用者選擇所要的無線充電器之前延遲充電。
此外，控制系統704可經組態以使用一或多個充電模式。如上文所提及，充電模式可定義一充電方案，諸如，「無線充電模式」、「非無線充電模式」、「基於訂用之充電模式」或「基於廣告之充電模式」。控制系統704可經組態以基於若干參數(諸如，時間、位置、暫時優選項等)而實施一特定充電模式。根據另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以使本發明之例示性特徵自動化。舉例而言，控制系統704可經組態以使用基於機率及/或統計之分析來基於使用者之先前決策而自動地選擇無線充電器或充電模式。另外，控制系統704可經組態以調適電子裝置852之一操作狀態，以(例如)減小電子裝置852之電力消耗。
此外，根據本發明之一例示性實施例，系統704可經組態以與一與裝置852相關聯之電子行事曆同步且，因此，控制系統704可基於一或多個電子行事曆項而預測電力需求量。此外，根據另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以在預期到相關聯之電子行事曆之一或多個項時修改(例如，減小)裝置852之電力消耗。
如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，無線電力可具有有限範圍，且對於行動應用，不存在將始終存在可用於充電之無線充電器的保證。此外，因為無線電力場超過一定距離可迅速地減弱，所以電子裝置(例如，裝置700)可能並不始終有可能偵測到無線充電器之位置。圖11說明定位系統900，其包括控制系統704、資料庫906及位置偵測組件902。舉例而言，位置偵測組件902可包含GPS、A-GPS、一或多個慣性感測器、WiFi系統、藍芽系統，或其任何組合。參看圖11，根據本發明之一或多個例示性實施例，控制系統704可包含或可存取資料 庫906，資料庫906可包括與無線充電器有關之資訊(例如，基於位置之資訊)。另外，控制系統704可包含或可耦接至位置偵測組件902，位置偵測組件902可判定裝置700之絕對位置。應注意，雖然將資料庫906說明為位於遠離裝置700處，但本發明不受如此限制。實情為，裝置700可包括資料庫906。類似地，雖然將位置偵測組件902說明為位於遠離裝置700處，但本發明不受如此限制。實情為，裝置700可包括位置偵測組件902。
使用具有與一或多個無線充電器有關之資料的資料庫906，控制系統704可為裝置使用者提供一或多個無線充電器之位置及可能的至該一或多個無線充電器之方向。此外，如上文所提及，控制系統704可經組態以定位新的及/或未記錄之無線充電器(例如，經由一或多個近接感測器)且，因此，控制系統704可將所定位之無線充電器之位置在資料庫906中標以書籤以供未來參考。類似地，控制系統704可經組態以搜集關於位置及時間的統計，且獲悉用以接收電荷之較佳時間。舉例而言，若裝置700以規則型樣移動，則控制系統704可經組態以獲悉裝置700位於每一無線充電器之充電區中多久以及裝置下一步將在哪裡移動。作為另一實例，若裝置700位於一無線充電器(其在資料庫中指示為基於費用之充電器)之充電區內，則控制系統704可使裝置能夠僅在裝置700缺乏使得其移動至下一個免費無線充電器之足夠的電力之量時充電。關於位置及花費於無線充電器定位上之時間的統計亦可由第三方來使用。此外，第三方可基於該等統計而向使用者提供有目的的廣告。資料庫906亦可藉由自風行的加地理標記應用程式及其他web服務接收資訊來更新。
根據另一例示性實施例，控制系統704可經組態以使用航位推算法(如一般熟習此項技術者將理解)，以判定其相對於一或多個無線充電器之位置。如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，使用航位推算法之控制 系統704仍可使用資料庫906來尋找無線充電器以及記錄新的無線充電器之發現。此外，根據另一例示性實施例，在判定裝置700之位置後，控制系統704便可請求至無線充電器之方向。此外，在控制系統704遠離裝置700之例示性實施例中，裝置700可向控制系統704發送(例如)與位置有關的一或多個圖片(諸如，商店標誌)之形式的資訊。基於此所接收之資訊及視情況之其他資訊(例如，小區ID)以及使用者正移動的方向，控制系統704可經組態以識別附近的無線充電器之位置。
此外，在裝置700包含位置偵測組件902且裝置700藉由一無線充電器充電之例示性實施例中，裝置700可判定無線充電器之位置且，此後，將無線充電器之位置記錄於資料庫906中。應注意，對於此例示性實施例，假定：裝置700與無線充電器(裝置700正自其接收無線電力)具有相同位置。另外，因為每一裝置700(正自一特定無線充電器接收無線電力)可向資料庫906發送資訊(例如，裝置700當前正利用哪個無線充電器)，所以資料庫906可包含識別在任一時間多少個裝置正自該特定無線充電器接收電力的資訊。因此，此可用於以下情況中：判定是否自該特定無線充電器接收無線電力或是否定位另一、較不忙碌之無線充電器。此外，應注意，無線充電器可經組態以向資料庫906發送資訊，其中該資訊可(僅舉例而言)與無線充電器之利用有關。
圖12為說明根據一或多個例示性實施例之方法980的流程圖。方法980可包括在一或多個受監視之能量儲存裝置中之一能量儲存裝置的電荷位準下降至低於一臨限值時，偵測一或多個無線充電器以用於對該能量儲存裝置充電(藉由數字982描繪)。此外，方法980可包括選擇用於與該能量儲存裝置相關聯之電子裝置之一充電方案(藉由數字984描繪)。
如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，使用WiFi之室內定位通常可能需要暫存來自存取點之信標的所接收信號強度指示(RSSI)且接著查找一RSSI至距離模型，或主動地向存取點發送封包並使用到達時間資訊來尋找範圍。為了實現定位，連同瞭解存取點位置一起應用此等測距技術，以執行多點定位法，且判定最終位置。室內定位之一個重要挑戰係缺乏足夠的存取點。通常需要三個非共線的存取點(AP)處於台(STA)之範圍內以允許精確定位。然而，在許多部署中，可能較不密集地部署存取點或可能並不知曉其位置。
如一般熟習此項技術者將理解，無線充電器可位於室內或室外位置，諸如(僅舉例而言)位於機場、位於桌上(例如，位於商業街之飲食區)、位於咖啡店、等候室等，以為該等場所之消費者服務。根據本發明之各種例示性實施例，藉由無線充電器充電之裝置可用以增加可用於在室外或室內環境中測距之信標信號的數目。因此，可改良位置準確度。
圖13說明系統1000，其包括一無線充電器1002及複數個電子裝置1004A、1004B及1004C。如圖13中所說明，電子裝置1004A及1004B位於無線充電器1002之充電區內。系統進一步包括資料庫1006，如下文更完全描述。根據一例示性實施例，位於無線充電器1002附近之電子裝置1004C需要進行無線充電。
現在將描述系統1000之預期操作。無線充電器1002可經組態以經由其與位於相關聯之充電區內的電子裝置之間已建立的通信鏈路將一充電標記傳輸至該電子裝置。更具體言之，無線充電器1002可經組態以將一充電標記傳輸至電子裝置1004A、電子裝置1004B或電子裝置1004A與電子裝置1004B兩者。根據一例示性實施例，充電標記可包含用於無線充電器1002之唯一識別符。舉例而言，該唯一識別符可類似於識別一無線裝置之MAC位址。在此例示性實施例中，可將充 電標記硬編碼至無線充電器之記憶體中。根據另一例示性實施例，充電標記可包含識別無線充電器1002之位置的本地座標或全球座標。在此例示性實施例中，可經由介面1008將充電標記程式化至無線充電器1002中。
在接收到充電標記後，電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A、電子裝置1004B，或電子裝置1004A與電子裝置1004B兩者)可藉由將充電標記整合於信標信號(諸如，WiFi信標)中而充當存取點。如一般熟習此項技術者將瞭解，WiFi信標可含有額外資訊(例如，充電標記)(藉由將充電標記編碼至SSID、BSSID或信標資訊元素中)。
此外，電子裝置1004C可接收由電子裝置1004A、電子裝置1004B或電子裝置1004A與電子裝置1004B兩者傳輸之信標信號。特定參考充電標誌包含一唯一識別符之例示性實施例，在接收到信標信號後，電子裝置1004C可在資料庫1006中查找相關聯之充電標記，資料庫1006可包含唯一識別符至座標(例如，本地座標或全球座標)之映射。此後，電子裝置1004C可藉由其接收信標信號所自之電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A或電子裝置1004B)測距，以判定其相對位置。應注意，假定：無線充電器1002與電子裝置1004A及1004B之位置相同。此外，特定參考充電標誌包含本地座標或全球座標之例示性實施例，在接收到信標信號後，電子裝置1004C可使用所接收之信標信號中所包括的位置資訊藉由其接收信標信號所自之電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A或電子裝置1004B)測距，以判定其相對位置。
根據充電標記包含一唯一識別符之另一例示性實施例，在自無線充電器1002接收到充電標記之後，位於無線充電器1002之充電區內的電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A或1004B)可在資料庫1006中查找相關聯之充電標記，如上文所提及，資料庫1006可包含唯一識別符至座標(例如，本地座標或全球座標)之映射。因此，假定：電子裝置(例 如，電子裝置1004A)具有與無線充電器1002相同之位置，電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A)可判定其自身的位置。此後，電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004A)可將其位置用信標發送至需要定位之任何其他電子裝置(例如，電子裝置1004C)。因此，在此例示性實施例中，電子裝置1004A可能不需要存取資料庫1006。在自電子裝置1004A接收到信標信號後，電子裝置1004C可判定其相對位置。
圖14為說明根據一或多個例示性實施例之方法1010的流程圖。方法1010可包括在位於一無線充電器之充電區內之至少一電子裝置處接收與該無線充電器相關聯之充電標記(藉由數字1012描繪)。方法1010可進一步包括將整合有充電標記之信標信號傳輸至至少一其他電子裝置，以使該至少一其他電子裝置能夠利用該至少一電子裝置作為存取點(藉由數字1014描繪)。
上文參看圖13及圖14所描述之例示性實施例可利用充電裝置來動態地增加一環境中之信標信號或測距裝置的數目。因此，定位準確度可得以增強，此係因為一電子裝置可藉由一或多個其他電子裝置來測距以增強位置估計。
熟習此項技術者將理解，可使用各種不同技術及技藝中的任一者來表示資訊及信號。舉例而言，可藉由電壓、電流、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子或其任何組合來表示可能遍及以上描述而引用之資料、指令、命令、資訊、信號、位元、符號及碼片。
熟習此項技術者將進一步瞭解，結合本文中所揭示之例示性實施例所描述之各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算步驟可實施為電子硬體、電腦軟體或兩者之組合。為了清楚地說明硬體與軟體之此可互換性，上文已大體上在功能性方面描述各種說明性組件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此功能性實施為硬體抑或軟體取決於特定應用及強加於整個系統之設計約束。熟習此項技術者可針對每一特定應用以 變化方式來實施所描述之功能性，但此等實施決策不應被解譯為會造成偏離本發明之例示性實施例的範疇。
可藉由以下各者來實施或執行結合本文中所揭示之例示性實施例所描述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組及電路：通用處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)或其他可程式化邏輯裝置、離散閘或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件，或其經設計以執行本文中所描述之功能的任何組合。通用處理器可為微處理器，但或者，處理器可為任何習知之處理器、控制器、微控制器或狀態機。處理器亦可實施為計算裝置之組合，例如，一DSP與一微處理器之組合、複數個微處理器、結合一DSP核心之一或多個微處理器，或任何其他此組態。
結合本文中所揭示之例示性實施例所描述之方法或演算法的步驟可直接體現於硬體中、由一處理器執行之軟體模組中，或兩者之組合中。軟體模組可駐留於隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、快閃記憶體、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、電可程式化ROM(EPROM)、電可抹除可程式化ROM(EEPROM)、暫存器、硬碟、可卸除式磁碟、CD-ROM或此項技術中已知之任何其他形式的儲存媒體中。一例示性儲存媒體耦接至處理器以使得該處理器可自該儲存媒體讀取資訊及將資訊寫入至該儲存媒體。或者，儲存媒體可整合至處理器。處理器及儲存媒體可駐留於ASIC中。ASIC可駐留於使用者終端機中。或者，處理器及儲存媒體可作為離散組件而駐留於使用者終端機中。
在一或多個例示性實施例中，可以硬體、軟體、韌體或其任何組合實施所描述之功能。若以軟體實施，則該等功能可作為一或多個指令或程式碼儲存於一電腦可讀媒體上或經由一電腦可讀媒體來傳輸。電腦可讀媒體包括電腦儲存媒體與通信媒體兩者，通信媒體包括促進電腦程式自一處至另一處之傳送的任何媒體。儲存媒體可為可由 電腦存取之任何可用媒體。舉例而言且並非限制，此等電腦可讀媒體可包含RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光碟儲存器、磁碟儲存器或其他磁性儲存裝置，或可用以載運或儲存呈指令或資料結構形式之所要程式碼並可由電腦存取的任何其他媒體。且，將任何連接適當地稱為電腦可讀媒體。舉例而言，若使用同軸電纜、光纖纜線、雙絞線、數位用戶線(DSL)或諸如紅外線、無線電及微波之無線技術自一網站、伺服器或其他遠端源傳輸軟體，則同軸電纜、光纖纜線、雙絞線、DSL或諸如紅外線、無線電及微波之無線技術包括於媒體之定義中。如本文中所使用，磁碟及光碟包括緊密光碟(CD)、雷射光碟、光學光碟、數位影音光碟(DVD)、軟性磁碟及藍光光碟，其中磁碟通常以磁性方式再現資料，而光碟藉由雷射以光學方式再現資料。上述各者之組合亦應包括在電腦可讀媒體之範疇內。
提供對所揭示之例示性實施例之先前描述以使任何熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易於顯而易見對此等例示性實施例之各種修改，且在不偏離本發明之精神或範疇的情況下，可將本文中所界定之一般原理應用於其他實施例。因此，本發明不欲限於本文中所展示之例示性實施例，而應符合與本文中所揭示之原理及新穎特徵相一致的最廣泛範疇。
700‧‧‧電子裝置
704‧‧‧控制系統
706‧‧‧能量儲存裝置
800‧‧‧系統
802‧‧‧無線充電器

Claims (1)

  1. 一種用於電力管理之方法，其包含：在一可偵測區域內偵測一或多個無線充電器；基於一或多個與該一或多個偵測到之無線充電器相關聯之因素執行一充電分析；及基於該充電分析自動地選擇用於一電子裝置的一充電方案，其中自動地選擇包含判定是否接收無線電力，及在偵測出複數個該一或多個偵測到之無線充電器之後，判定從該複數個偵測到之無線充電器中之何者接收該無線電力。
TW104111837A 2009-11-17 2010-11-17 用於電力管理之方法、裝置及非暫態電腦可讀媒體 TWI552479B (zh)

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