CN102687369B - 基于授权的无线电力的接收 - Google Patents

基于授权的无线电力的接收 Download PDF

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CN102687369B
CN102687369B CN201080051776.6A CN201080051776A CN102687369B CN 102687369 B CN102687369 B CN 102687369B CN 201080051776 A CN201080051776 A CN 201080051776A CN 102687369 B CN102687369 B CN 102687369B
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electronic installation
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wireless
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弗朗切斯科·格里利
罗杰·韦恩·马丁
玛丽贝思·塞尔比
戴维·马尔多纳多
施泰因·阿尔内·伦比
李鹏
桑迪普·S·米尼哈斯
哈立德·希勒米·埃尔-马勒
亚伊尔·卡尔米
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Abstract

示范性实施例涉及用于基于费用的无线电力的方法及装置。一种方法可包括订购无线电力计划和根据无线电力订购在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力。

Description

基于授权的无线电力的接收
基于35U.S.C.§119的优先权主张
本申请案依据35U.S.C.§119(e)主张以下申请案的优先权：
2009年11月17日申请的题为“无线电力(WIRELESSPOWER)”的第61/262,119号美国临时专利申请案，该案的揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及无线电力，且更具体来说，涉及与基于授权的无线电力的接收有关的方法及系统。
背景技术
通常，通过可充电电池来供电的每一装置可能需要其自身的充电器及电源，电源通常为交流(AC)电源插座。在许多装置需要充电时，此举变得难以使用。
正开发在发射器与待充电的装置之间使用空中电力传输(即，在充电器与正被充电的装置之间不需要线连接的能量转移)的做法。举例来说，可借助于发射天线与待充电的装置上的接收天线之间的平面波辐射(也称为远场辐射)的耦合来转移能量，所述待充电的装置收集所辐射的电力且对其整流以用于对电池充电。天线通常为谐振长度以便提高耦合效率。这一做法的缺点为电力耦合随着天线之间的距离增加而迅速衰退。因此，通常，在合理距离上(例如，＞1-2米)应用这种充电解决方案变得困难。另外，因为系统辐射平面波，所以如果未通过滤波来进行适当控制，那么无意的辐射可干扰其它系统。
其它做法是基于嵌入于(例如)“充电”垫或表面中的发射天线与嵌入于待充电的主机装置中的接收天线加整流电路之间的电感耦合。这一做法具有以下缺点：发射天线与接收天线之间的间隔必须非常接近(例如，几毫米)。虽然这一做法确实具有对同一区域中的多个装置同时充电的能力，但这一区域通常较小，因此用户必须将所述装置定位至特定区域。
需要增强的系统及方法，所述增强的系统及方法用于将无线电力转移至经授权的用户以及防止电力转移至未经授权的用户。
发明内容
在一个创新方面，提供电子装置。所述电子装置包括：处理器，其被配置成依据无线电力计划操作。所述电子装置进一步包括：用于接收无线电力的至少一个接收天线，所述至少一个接收天线被配置成根据基于订购的无线电力计划从无线充电器接收无线电力和根据所述基于订购的无线电力计划分配所述接收到的无线电力。
在另一创新方面，提供另一电子装置。所述电子装置包括：接收器，其被配置成接收与第二电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划信息。所述电子装置进一步包括：无线电力发射器，其被配置成基于所述基于订购的无线电力计划向所述第二电子装置发射无线电力。
在另一创新方面，提供无线地转移电力的方法。所述方法包括：授权与一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或一个以上电子装置接收无线电力。所述方法进一步包括：根据所述一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或一个以上电子装置。
在另一创新方面，提供无线地转移电力的方法。所述方法包括：依据无线电力计划操作。所述方法进一步包括：根据无线电力订购从无线充电器接收无线电力和在一个或一个以上电子装置处分配所述无线电力。
在另一创新方面，提供另一电子装置。所述电子装置包括：用于依据无线电力计划操作的装置。所述电子装置也包括：用于根据基于订购的无线电力计划从无线充电器接收无线电力和在一个或一个以上电子装置处分配所述无线电力的装置。
在另一创新方面，提供另一电子装置。所述电子装置包括：用于接收的装置，其被配置成接收与第二电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划信息。所述电子装置也包括：用于无线地发射电力的装置，其被配置成基于所述基于订购的无线电力计划向所述第二电子装置发射无线电力。
在另一创新方面，提供一种计算机可读存储媒体，其包括可由设备的处理器执行的指令。所述指令使所述设备授权与一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或一个以上电子装置接收无线电力。所述指令使所述设备根据所述一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或一个以上电子装置。
在一个创新方面，提供另一计算机可读存储媒体，其包括可由设备的处理器执行的指令。所述指令使所述设备依据无线电力计划操作。所述指令进一步使所述设备根据无线电力订购从无线充电器接收无线电力和在一个或一个以上电子装置处分配所述无线电力。
附图说明
图1展示无线电力转移系统的简化框图。
图2展示无线电力转移系统的简化示意图。
图3说明用于本发明的示范性实施例中的环形天线的示意图。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器的简化框图。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器的简化框图。
图6展示用于执行发射器与接收器之间的消息传递的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。
图7A说明电子装置的框图。
图7B为图7A的电子装置的另一描绘。
图8描绘包括实体及多个电子装置的无线系统。
图9说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的无线充电器及电子装置。
图10说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的无线充电器、路由器及电子装置。
图11为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的方法的流程图。
图12为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一方法的流程图。
图13为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的又一方法的流程图。
图14为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一方法的流程图。
图15为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的又一方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下文中结合附图所阐述的[具体实施方式]意欲作为对本发明的示范性实施例的描述且不意欲表示可实践本发明的仅有实施例。遍及此描述所使用的术语“示范性”意谓“充当实例、例子或说明”，且未必应被解释为相比其它示范性实施例优选或有利。所述[具体实施方式]包括特定细节以便达到提供对本发明的示范性实施例的彻底理解的目的。所属领域的技术人员将显而易见的是，可在无这些特定细节的情况下实践本发明的示范性实施例。在一些例子中，以框图形式展示熟知结构及装置以便避免混淆本文中所呈现的示范性实施例的新颖性。
词“无线电力”在本文中用以意谓在不使用物理电磁导体的情况下自发射器发射到接收器的与电场、磁场、电磁场或其它者相关联的任何形式的能量。应注意，本发明可适用于任何合适的无线电力技术，例如近场、远场、谐振及电感。
图1说明根据本发明的各种示范性实施例的无线传输或充电系统100。将输入电力102提供至发射器104以供产生用于提供能量转移的辐射场106。接收器108耦合至辐射场106且产生输出电力110以供耦合至输出电力110的装置(未图示)存储或消耗。发射器104与接收器108分开达距离112。在一个示范性实施例中，根据相互谐振关系来配置发射器104及接收器108，且在接收器108的谐振频率与发射器104的谐振频率非常接近时，当接收器108位于辐射场106的“近场”中时，发射器104与接收器108之间的传输损失最小。
发射器104进一步包括用于提供用于能量传输的装置的发射天线114，且接收器108进一步包括用于提供用于能量接收的装置的接收天线118。根据应用及待与之相关联的装置来对发射天线及接收天线设定大小。如所陈述，通过将发射天线的近场中的大部分能量耦合至接收天线而非以电磁波形式将多数能量传播至远场来发生有效率能量转移。当在这种近场中时，可在发射天线114与接收天线118之间形成耦合模式。可发生这种近场耦合的在天线114及118周围的区域在本文中称作耦合模式区。
图2展示无线电力转移系统的简化示范性示意图。发射器104包括振荡器122、功率放大器124，及滤波器及匹配电路126。所述振荡器被配置以在所要频率下产生信号，所述所要频率可回应于调整信号123来加以调整。可由功率放大器124以回应于控制信号125的放大量来放大振荡器信号。可包括滤波器及匹配电路126以滤出谐波或其它不想要的频率且使发射器104的阻抗与发射天线114匹配。
接收器108可包括匹配电路132和整流器及切换电路134，以产生直流(DC)电力输出以对电池136(如图2中所展示)充电或对耦合至接收器的装置(未图示)供电。可包括匹配电路132以使接收器108的阻抗与接收天线118匹配。接收器108与发射器104可在单独通信信道119(例如，蓝牙、紫蜂(zigbee)、蜂窝式等)上通信。
如图3中所说明，示范性实施例中所使用的天线可配置为“环形”天线150，其在本文中也可称作“磁性”天线。环形天线可被配置以包括空心或实体心(例如，铁氧体心)。空心环形天线可较能容忍置于所述心附近的外来物理装置。此外，空心环形天线允许其它组件置于心区域内。另外，空心环形可更易于使得能够将接收天线118(图2)置于发射天线114(图2)的平面内，在所述平面内，发射天线114(图2)的耦合模式区可更强大。
如所陈述，在发射器104与接收器108之间的匹配或近似匹配谐振期间，发生发射器104与接收器108之间的有效率能量转移。然而，甚至当发射器104与接收器108之间的谐振不匹配时，仍可以较低效率转移能量。通过将来自发射天线的近场的能量耦合至驻留于建立了此近场的邻域中的接收天线而非将能量自发射天线传播至自由空间中来发生能量转移。
环形天线或磁性天线的谐振频率是基于电感和电容。环形天线中的电感通常仅为由所述环形天线建立的电感，而电容通常被加至环形天线的电感以在所要谐振频率下建立谐振结构。作为非限制性实例，可将电容器152及电容器154添加至所述天线以建立产生谐振信号156的谐振电路。因此，对于较大直径的环形天线来说，诱发谐振所需的电容的大小随着环形天线的直径或电感增加而减小。此外，随着环形天线或磁性天线的直径增加，近场的有效能量转移区域增大。当然，其它谐振电路为可能的。作为另一非限制性实例，电容器可并联地置于环形天线的两个端子之间。另外，所属领域的一般技术人员将认识到，对于发射天线，谐振信号156可为至环形天线150的输入。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器200的简化框图。发射器200包括发射电路202和发射天线204。一般地，发射电路202通过提供致使在发射天线204周围产生近场能量的振荡信号来将射频(RF)电力提供至发射天线204。举例来说，发射器200可在13.56MHzISM频带下操作。
示范性发射电路202包括固定阻抗匹配电路206，其用于使发射电路202的阻抗(例如，50欧姆)与发射天线204匹配；及低通滤波器(LPF)208，其被配置以将谐波发射减少至防止耦合至接收器108(图1)的装置的自干扰的水平。其它示范性实施例可包括不同滤波器拓扑(包括(但不限于)使特定频率衰减同时使其它频率通过的陷波滤波器)，且可包括自适应性阻抗匹配，所述自适应性阻抗匹配可基于可量测发射量度(例如，至天线的输出功率或由功率放大器汲取的DC电流)而变化。发射电路202进一步包括被配置以驱动如由振荡器212确定的RF信号的功率放大器210。发射电路可由离散装置或电路组成，或替代地可由集成式总成组成。来自发射天线204的示范性RF功率输出可为约2.5瓦特。
发射电路202进一步包括控制器214，其用于在对特定接收器的发射阶段(或工作循环)期间启用振荡器212、用于调整所述振荡器的频率，及用于调整用于实施通信协议(用于通过相邻装置所附接的接收器与相邻装置相互作用)的输出功率水平。
发射电路202可进一步包括负载感测电路216，其用于检测在由发射天线204产生的近场附近是否存在作用中接收器。举例来说，负载感测电路216监视流动至功率放大器210的电流，所述电流受在发射天线204产生的近场附近是否存在作用中接收器影响。对功率放大器210上的负载的改变的检测是由控制器214监视，以用于确定是否启用振荡器212以传输能量以便与作用中接收器通信。
发射天线204可实施为天线条带，其厚度、宽度及金属类型经选择以使电阻损失保持较低。在常规实施方案中，发射天线204可通常被配置用于与较大结构(例如，桌子、垫、灯或其它不便携带的配置)相关联。因此，发射天线204通常将不需要“匝”以便为实际尺寸。发射天线204的示范性实施方案可为“电学上较小”(即，波长的分率)且经调谐以通过使用电容器来界定谐振频率而在较低可用频率下谐振。在其中发射天线204的直径或边长(如果为正方形环形)相对于接收天线来说可能较大(例如，0.50米)的示范性应用中，发射天线204将未必需要较大数目的匝来获得合理电容。
发射器200可搜集并追踪关于可能与发射器200相关联的接收器装置的行踪及状态的信息。因此，发射器电路202可包括连接至控制器214(在本文中也称作处理器)的存在检测器280、封入式检测器290，或其组合。控制器214可回应于来自存在检测器280及封入式检测器290的存在信号而调整由放大器210递送的电力的量。发射器可通过若干电源(例如，用以转换存在于建筑物中的常规AC电力的AC转DC转换器(未图示)、用以将常规DC电源转换成适合于发射器200的电压的DC转DC转换器(未图示))接收电力，或可直接从常规DC电源(未图示)接收电力。
作为非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为运动检测器，其用以感测插入于发射器的涵盖区域中的待充电装置的初始存在。在检测之后，可开启发射器且可使用由装置接收的RF电力来以预定方式拨动Rx装置上的开关，这一情形继而导致发射器的驱动点阻抗的改变。
作为另一非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为能够(例如)通过红外线检测、运动检测或其它合适方式检测人类的检测器。在一些示范性实施例中，可能存在限制发射天线可在特定频率下发射的功率量的法规。在一些状况下，这些法规意欲保护人类免受电磁辐射。然而，可能存在发射天线被置于人类未占据的或人类很少占据的区域(例如，车库、厂区、店铺，及其类似者)中的环境。如果这些环境无人类，则可能可准许将发射天线的功率输出增加至高于正常功率限制法规。换句话说，控制器214可回应于人类存在而将发射天线204的功率输出调整至管制水平或更低水平，且当人类处于距发射天线204的电磁场某管制距离之外时，将发射天线204的功率输出调整至高于所述管制水平的水平。
作为非限制性实例，封入式检测器290(在本文中也可称作封入式隔间检测器或封入式空间检测器)可为例如感测开关的装置，其用于确定外壳何时处于封闭或开放状态。当发射器处于呈封入状态的外壳中时，可增加发射器的功率水平。
在示范性实施例中，可使用发射器200藉以不会无限期地保持开启的方法。在这种状况下，发射器200可经编程以在用户确定的时间量之后切断。这种特征防止发射器200(尤其是功率放大器210)在发射器200周边的无线装置完全充电之后长时间运行。这种事件可归因于用以检测自中继器或接收线圈发送的信号的电路的故障，所述信号指示装置完全充电。为了防止发射器200在另一装置置于发射器200周边时自动地切断，可仅在在设定时段中在发射器200的周边内未检测到运动之后启动发射器200自动切断特征。用户可能能够确定停止使用(inactivity)时间间隔，且在需要时改变所述停止使用时间间隔。作为非限制性实例，所述时间间隔可比在假定特定类型的无线装置最初完全放电的情况下对所述装置完全充电所需的时间间隔长。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器300的简化框图。接收器300包括接收电路302和接收天线304。接收器300进一步耦合至装置350以向其提供所接收的电力。应注意，将接收器300说明为在装置350外部，但可将接收器300集成至装置350中。一般地，能量被无线地传播至接收天线304且接着通过接收电路302耦合至装置350。
接收天线304经调谐以在与发射天线204(图4)相同的频率下或几乎相同的频率下谐振。接收天线304可与发射天线204类似地设定尺寸，或可基于相关联装置350的尺寸来不同地设定大小。举例来说，装置350可为具有小于发射天线204的长度的直径的直径或长度尺寸的便携式电子装置。在此实例中，接收天线304可实施为多匝天线以便减小调谐电容器(未图示)的电容值且增加接收天线的阻抗。举例来说，接收天线304可置于装置350的实质周长周围，以便使天线直径最大化且减小接收天线的环形匝(即，绕组)的数目及绕组间电容。
接收电路302提供与接收天线304的阻抗匹配。接收电路302包括电力转换电路306，其用于将所接收的RF能源转换成供装置350使用的充电电力。电力转换电路306包括RF转DC转换器308且也可包括DC转DC转换器310。RF转DC转换器308将接收天线304处所接收的RF能量信号整流成非交流电力，而DC转DC转换器310将经整流的RF能量信号转换成与装置350兼容的势能(energypotentia1)(例如，电压)。预期各种RF转DC转换器，包括部分及全整流器、调节器、桥接器、倍加器以及线性及切换转换器。
接收电路302可进一步包括切换电路312，其用于将接收天线304连接至电力转换电路306或替代地用于使电力转换电路306断开连接。将接收天线304与电力转换电路306断开连接不仅中止对装置350充电，而且改变如由发射器200(图2)所“见到”的“负载”。
如上文所揭示，发射器200包括负载感测电路216，其检测提供至发射器功率放大器210的偏置电流的波动。因此，发射器200具有用于确定接收器何时存在于发射器的近场中的机构。
当多个接收器300存在于发射器的近场中时，可能需要对一个或一个以上接收器的加载及卸载进行时间多路复用以使其它接收器能够更有效率地耦合至发射器。也可隐匿接收器以便消除与其它附近接收器的耦合或减少附近发射器上的负载。接收器的此“卸载”在本文中也称为“隐匿”。此外，如下文更完全地解释，由接收器300控制且由发射器200检测的卸载与加载之间的此切换提供了自接收器300至发射器200的通信机制。另外，协议可与所述切换相关联，所述协议使得能够将消息自接收器300发送至发射器200。举例来说，切换速度可为约100微秒。
在示范性实施例中，发射器与接收器之间的通信指代装置感测及充电控制机制而非常规双向通信。换句话说，发射器使用所传输的信号的开/关键控，以调整能量在近场中是否可用。接收器将这些能量改变解释为来自发射器的消息。自接收器侧来说，接收器使用接收天线的调谐与解谐来调整正自近场接受的电力的量。发射器可检测来自近场的所使用的电力的此差异，且将这些改变解释为来自接收器的消息。
接收电路302可进一步包括用以识别所接收的能量波动的发信号检测器及信标电路314，所述能量波动可对应于自发射器至接收器的信息性发信号。此外，发信号及信标电路314也可用以检测减少的RF信号能量(即，信标信号)的传输且将所述减少的RF信号能量整流成标称功率以用于唤醒接收电路302内的未供电或电力耗尽的电路，以便配置接收电路302以用于进行无线充电。
接收电路302进一步包括处理器316，其用于协调本文中所描述的接收器300的处理过程(包括对本文中所描述的切换电路312的控制)。也可在发生其它事件(包括检测到向装置350提供充电电力的外部有线充电源(例如，壁式/USB电源))后发生接收器300的隐匿。除控制接收器的隐匿之外，处理器316也可监视信标电路314以确定信标状态且提取自发射器发送的消息。处理器316也可调整DC转DC转换器310以获得提高的性能。
图6展示用于执行发射器与接收器之间的消息传递的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。在本发明的一些示范性实施例中，可在发射器与接收器之间启用用于通信的装置。在图6中，功率放大器210驱动发射天线204以产生辐射场。所述功率放大器由载波信号220驱动，所述载波信号220在发射天线204的所要频率下振荡。使用发射调制信号224来控制功率放大器210的输出。
发射电路可通过对功率放大器210使用开/关键控处理过程来将信号发送至接收器。换句话说，当断言发射调制信号224时，功率放大器210将在发射天线204上向外驱动载波信号220的频率。当否定发射调制信号224时，功率放大器将不在发射天线204上向外驱动任何频率。
图6的发射电路也包括负载感测电路216，其将电力供应至功率放大器210且产生接收信号235输出。在负载感测电路216中，电阻器Rs上的电压降形成于电力输入信号226与至功率放大器210的电力供应228之间。由功率放大器210消耗的电力的任何改变将引起将由差动放大器230放大的电压降的改变。当发射天线与接收器(图6中未展示)中的接收天线处于耦合模式中时，由功率放大器210汲取的电流量将改变。换句话说，如果发射天线204不存在耦合模式谐振，那么驱动辐射场所需的电力将为第一量。如果存在耦合模式谐振，那么由功率放大器210消耗的电力量将上升，这是因为大量电力耦合至接收天线中。因此，接收信号235可指示耦合至发射天线235的接收天线的存在且也可检测自接收天线发送的信号。另外，接收器电流汲取的改变可在发射器的功率放大器电流汲取中观测到，且此改变可用以检测来自接收天线的信号。
如本文中所使用，术语“实体”可指代在提供无线电力中所涉及的任何实体。举例来说，“实体”可包括商业实体、无线电力服务提供商、与商业机构或服务提供商达成协议的第三方，或其任何组合。此外，如本文中所使用，术语“数据挖掘”可指代用于对电子装置执行操作以收集与所述电子装置有关的数据(例如，装置的位置或装置的类型)或与所述电子装置的用户有关的数据(例如，用户的兴趣、行为及偏好、用户的年龄等)的多种技术。此外，如本文中所使用，“广告”可指代包括(但不限于)以下各者的信息：促销信息、基于新闻的信息、帐户信息、条款或条件信息，所述各者中的任一者可包括文字、音频、图像、视频或其任何组合。
如所属领域的一般技术人员将理解，商业机构(例如，咖啡店)可向访问所述机构的顾客提供无线电力。更具体来说，作为实例，可由以下各者来提供无线电力接入：商业机构、服务提供商、与商业机构或服务提供商达成协议的第三方，或其任何组合。此外，应注意，除位于商业机构内之外，无线充电器也可位于(仅举例来说)以下各者内：图书馆、教育设施、无线供电站或公共运输车辆(例如，公共汽车或列车)。因此，实体可(例如)在商铺内、在公共设施内或在独立的无线供电站(类似于沿着公路的旧式电话亭或休息站)处设立无线电力服务。
如本文中所描述，本发明的各种示范性实施例涉及将电力转移至一个或一个以上电子装置的方法。更具体来说，一种方法可包括将无线电力转移至一个或一个以上电子装置，其中所述一个或一个以上电子装置的用户已向实体提供某种形式的支付。举例来说，用户已为无线电力订购支付费用，或已自商业机构购买产品(例如，一杯咖啡)或服务。此外，与未向实体提供某形式的支付的用户相关联的电子装置不能利用来自所述实体的大量无线电力。
本发明的其它各种示范性实施例涉及根据基于费用的无线电力计划在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力的方法。更具体来说，一种方法可包括在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力，其中所述一个或一个以上电子装置的用户已向实体提供某种形式的支付。作为实例，一种方法可包括在订购无线电力之后在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力。作为另一实例，一种方法可包括购买产品、服务或产品与服务两者，且，此后，在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力。
图7A说明电子装置700的框图，电子装置700可包含被配置以用于接收无线电力的任何已知的电子装置。仅举例来说，电子装置700可包含移动电话、个人计算机、媒体播放机、游戏装置，或其任何组合。仅举例来说，电子装置700可包含接收器(图7A中未展示；参见(例如)图5的接收器300)及至少一个相关联的接收天线702。电子装置700可进一步包括能量存储装置706，能量存储装置706可包含(例如)电池。根据下文更完全描述的一个示范性实施例，电子装置700可包含或可操作地耦合至位置检测组件709(例如，依赖于WiFi的定位器或全球定位系统(GPS)接收器)。电子装置700可进一步包括存储器703及一个或一个以上处理器701，所述一个或一个以上处理器701用于执行如本文中所描述的本发明的各种示范性实施例。
图7B为电子装置700的另一说明。如图7B中所说明，电子装置700可包括具有输出装置708及输入装置710的用户接口704。如所属领域的一般技术人员将了解，输出装置708可包含被配置以显示音频、视频、文字、图形及其类似者的显示装置。
图8说明无线电力系统750，其包括一个或一个以上电子装置700及实体752，实体752可包含(仅举例来说)服务提供商(即，提供无线电力的实体)、商业机构(例如，咖啡店)、与服务提供商或商业机构达成协议的第三方，或其组合。应注意，以类似于提供WiFi接入的方式，实体(例如，商铺或机场)或另一实体可负责验证已支付费用，且负责一个或一个以上相关联的无线充电器的操作。实体752可包含一个或一个以上无线充电器756，可与一个或一个以上无线充电器756相关联，或其任何组合。每一无线充电器756可包含发射器(图8中未展示；参见(例如)图4的发射器200)及至少一个相关联的发射天线754。无线充电器756可被配置以在相关联的充电区内以无线方式发射电力。此外，由无线充电器756发射的电力可由位于无线充电器752的充电区内的一个或一个以上电子装置接收。
根据本发明的其它各种示范性实施例，顾客可从一个或一个以上无线充电器接收无线电力(以费用来换取)。举例来说，根据一个示范性实施例，用户可进行订购以接收无线电力。根据另一实例，用户可在购买产品或服务之后接收无线电力。
为了减少与将无线电力转移至顾客相关联的成本，实体(例如，商业机构或服务提供商)可与第三方相关联且向顾客递送一个或一个以上广告。另外，在将无线电力转移至顾客的电子装置之前，实体可能需要顾客同意允许所述实体对顾客的可以无线方式充电的装置执行一个或一个以上数据挖掘操作。此外，根据其它各种示范性实施例，除支付费用之外，用户可同意由实体752确定的至少一个条件。换句话说，在使得能够将无线电力发射到至少一个电子装置700之前，实体752可能需要所述至少一个电子装置700的用户同意对所述至少一个电子装置700执行一个或一个以上操作。此外，在将无线电力转移至所述至少一个电子装置700之前或同时，实体752可使得对电子装置700执行一个或一个以上操作。
作为一个实例，在将无线电力转移至至少一个电子装置700之前或同时，实体752可向所述至少一个电子装置发射一个或一个以上广告。此外，在于所述至少一个电子装置700处接收到所述一个或一个以上广告后，实体752便可使得由电子装置700传送(例如，显示)所述一个或一个以上广告。作为另一实例，在将无线电力转移至至少一个电子装置700之前或同时，实体752可经配置以对电子装置700执行一个或一个以上数据挖掘操作以搜集各种形式的信息。
如上文所提及，根据本发明的各种示范性实施例，用户可接收无线电力(以费用来换取)。举例来说，根据一个示范性实施例，用户可进行订购以接收无线电力。对照与基于广告的充电方法或基于数据挖掘的充电方法有关的示范性实施例，基于订购的充电可使得用户能够进行无线电力订购，此情形可增强无线电力情况。举例来说，根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例，基于订购的充电可给予用户(即，顾客)接入无线电力的优先权，消除或减少广告，消除或减少数据挖掘监视，或其任何组合。
根据一个示范性实施例，无线电力订购计划可包括具有不同成本及不同类型与服务等级的各种服务。举例来说，用户可购买「银」计划、「金」计划或「铂」计划，其中「铂」计划为最高订购价格的最高服务等级，且「银」计划为最低订购价格的最低服务等级。在多个用户试图自单一无线电源接收无线电力的一个实例中，具有铂计划的用户可比具有金计划或银计划的用户优先。换句话说，已订购铂计划的用户可在已订购金计划或银计划的用户之前接收无线电力。类似地，具有金计划的用户可比具有银计划的用户优先。另外，优先权可基于电子装置内的可用电力的量。更具体来说，例如，具有少量存储电荷或无存储电荷的电子装置可比充满电的电子装置优先。此外，应注意，与实体相关联的无线电力操作者可控制可用于用户的电力量。
根据本发明的各种示范性实施例，无线电力订购可至少部分基于(例如，限于)一个或一个以上参数(例如，能量、时间或位置)。更具体来说，作为实例，一个或一个以上无线充电器可根据基于位置的订购、基于能量的订购、基于时间的订购或其任何组合将无线电力传送至一个或一个以上电子装置。举例来说，订购可使得订购者能够在地理区域内(例如，在城市界限内)或在特定实体内(例如，仅在指定商店内)接收无线电力。此外，订购可经受在每一时段(例如，每日)所接收的总能量或一天中可接收电力的时间方面的限制。应注意，对于在指定位置之外接收电力的情况，无线电力的价格可能增加。此外，对于在不包括在订购中的时段接收的电力或对于超过总能量限制的能量等级，无线电力的价格可能增加。另外，订购可以针对每一次充电、每一份所接收的能量、每一份所发射的能量或其类似者的费用为依据。根据其它示范性实施例，订购可提供全球接入，且可能在时间及所接收的能量方面不受限制。
另外，无线电力订购可使得用户能够配置相关联的电子装置以在存储于电子装置中的电荷下降至低于阈值量后便接收无线。作为另一实例，可接收电力的时间及可接收的电力量可基于预期的电力需求或根据存储于电子装置中的电荷的剩余量。根据一个示范性实施例，无线电力订购可能仅出于应急电源目的(例如，当相关联的装置中可用的电力低于阈值时)。
此外，对广告、数据挖掘监视或广告与数据挖掘监视两者的接受量可根据订购等级而变化。举例来说，随着服务等级增加且因此订购的成本增加，用户接收的广告的数目可减少，用户接受的数据挖掘操作的数目或类型可减少，或两种情况均存在。作为更具体实例，已购买铂订购计划的用户可接收无线电力而不必接收或观看任何广告或免于进行任何数据挖掘操作。此外，在这一实例中，已购买金订购计划的用户可在接收无线电力之前、同时或之后接收有限数目个广告。继续这一实例，已购买银订购计划的用户可接收数目比金订购用户所接收的广告数目多的广告。
作为另一实例，基于订购的计划可提供数据挖掘监视且无广告。因此，在订购计划中，顾客可在相关联的电子装置处接收无线电力(用费用来替换)且，此外，可使得实体752能够对所述电子装置执行一个或一个以上数据挖掘操作。如所属领域的一般技术人员将了解，通过一个或一个以上数据挖掘操作而收集的数据可用于各种目的。举例来说，实体752可自电子装置700收集关于相关联的顾客的电力使用习惯的信息且，此后，实体752可在考虑到受监视的使用习惯的情况下为顾客提供替代订购计划，所述替代订购计划可使成本及服务质量最优化。根据另一示范性实施例，实体752可调节并监视所提供的无线电力服务。举例来说，实体752可根据在给定时间点利用系统的装置的数目及类型而控制所提供的无线电力系统的谐振发射源的频率设定。
应注意，用户(即，顾客)可配置相关联的电子装置(例如，电子装置700)以在请求后或在满足一个或一个以上标准后便接收无线电力。举例来说，在相关联的能量存储装置706的充电量下降至低于阈值后，电子装置700便可被配置以根据基于订购的计划接收无线电力。作为另一实例，电子装置700可被配置以在预期到未来的电力使用时接收无线电力。更具体来说，例如，通过接入相关联的电子日历，电子装置700可预测未来使用所需的电力量且，因此，可请求无线电力并根据基于订购的计划接收无线电力。应进一步注意，无线电力订购可包含任何合适的时段，例如一年、逐月等。因此，这一类型的订购可能需要支付追加费用。另外，用户可购买信用状(credit)，所述信用状可随后用于换取无线电力。此外，费用可严格基于所接收的能量的量。换句话说，不是按月或按年订购来支付费用，而是，用户可为每次使用且仅为实际所接收的无线电力而支付费用。
一个示范性实施例可包含无费用或具有少量基本费用(且其中，用户先前已同意为无线电力支付费用)的订购。用户可在相关联的电子装置需要无线电力时且在处于合适的充电站的范围内时自动地接受无线电力，或电子装置可自动地从与订购相关联的且位于范围内的优选无线充电器(例如，最低成本的无线充电器)接收无线电力。或者，电子装置可向用户显示可用无线充电器的列表且，回应于这一显示，用户可不选择充电器或选择一个或一个以上无线充电器以自所述一个或一个以上无线充电器接收无线电力。另外，应注意，订购可为预先授权的，所以可能不需要用户每次在接收无线电力之前提供授权。
根据另一示范性实施例，用户可在自实体752购买产品、服务或产品与服务两者之后接收无线电力。作为一个实例，在购买产品、服务或产品与服务两者之后，用户可接收接入密钥，所述接入密钥可使得用户能够接收无线电力。此外，根据示范性实施例，在购买产品、服务或产品与服务两者之后，用户可接收优待券，所述优待券可使得用户能够在未来接收无线电力。在另一示范性实施例中，在购买产品或服务之后，可将充电代码加载至用户的电子装置。举例来说，可通过将电子装置置于衬垫上且通过短程通信(例如，蓝牙或Zigee)或通过经由网络(例如，LAN或WAN)与邻近或实体连接相关而接收所述代码来加载所述代码。
如上文所提及，基于订购的充电可实施于商业机构内。此外，基于订购的充电可实施于办公室或教育设施中。举例来说，大学或公司可进行无线电力订购，类似于商业或大学购买无线互联网服务的方式。所进行的订购可提供基于限制的接入，以使得仅经授权使用所述服务的那些学生或雇员可接收无线电力。
参看图9及图10，现在将描述限制对无线电力的接入的各种方法。特定参看图9，根据一个示范性实施例，与电子装置900相关联的且已被提供接入码的订购者(即，顾客)可利用所述接入码来接入从实体904的无线充电器902发射的无线电力。根据图10中所说明的另一示范性实施例，可结合路由器906来提供接入，路由器906可充当实体904的相关联的无线电力系统的看门人。更具体来说，可将接入码从与电子装置900相关联的订购者提供至路由器906。在自订购者接收到适当接入码之后，路由器906可使得能够将无线电力自无线充电器902发射到电子装置902。因此，可向经授权的订购者提供对无线电力的接入，同时可拒绝未经授权的订购者的接入。应注意，路由器906可进一步结合无线互联网路由器而使用以提供对无线互联网、无线电力或无线互联网与无线电力两者的接入。
图11为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的方法980的流程图。方法980可包括授权与一个或一个以上基于费用的无线电力计划相关联的一个或一个以上电子装置接收无线电力(由数字982描绘)。方法980也可包括根据一个或一个以上基于费用的无线电力计划将无线电力转移至一个或一个以上电子装置(由数字983描绘)。
图12为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的另一方法984的流程图。方法984可包括使得与至少一个基于订购的无线计划相关联的一个或一个以上电子装置能够接入无线电力(由数字986描绘)。方法984可进一步包括根据相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划将无线电力转移至所述一个或一个以上电子装置中的至少一个装置(由数字987描绘)。
图13为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的又一方法988的另一流程图。方法988可包括提供一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划(由数字990描绘)。方法988也可包括将无线电力转移至与一个或一个以上基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或一个以上电子装置(由数字992描绘)。
参看图14中的流程图，说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的另一方法994。方法994可包括订购无线电力计划(由数字995描绘)。方法994也可包括根据无线电力订购在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力(由数字996描绘)。
图15为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的又一方法997的流程图。方法997可包括接收授权以根据一个或一个以上基于费用的无线电力计划在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力(由数字998描绘)。方法997可进一步包括根据所述一个或一个以上基于费用的无线电力计划在一个或一个以上电子装置处接收无线电力(由数字999描绘)。
所属领域的技术人员将理解，可使用各种不同技术和技艺中的任一者来表示信息及信号。举例来说，可通过电压、电流、电磁波、磁场或磁粒子、光场或光粒子或其任何组合来表示可能遍及以上描述而引用的数据、指令、命令、信息、信号、位、符号及小片。
所属领域的技术人员将进一步了解，结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的各种说明性逻辑区块、模块、电路及算法步骤可实施为电子硬件、计算机软件或两者的组合。为了清楚地说明硬件与软件的此可互换性，上文已通常在功能性方面描述各种说明性组件、区块、模块、电路及步骤。此种功能性实施为硬件抑或软件取决于特定应用及强加于整个系统的设计约束。所属领域的技术人员可针对每一特定应用以不同方式来实施所描述的功能性，但这些实施决策不应被解释为会造成偏离本发明的示范性实施例的范畴。
可使用以下各者来实施或执行结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的各种说明性逻辑区块、模块及电路：通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件，或其经设计以执行本文中所描述的功能的任何组合。通用处理器可为微处理器，但或者，处理器可为任何常规处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可实施为计算装置的组合，例如，DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、结合DSP核心的一个或一个以上微处理器，或任何其它此类配置。
结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的方法或算法的步骤可直接体现于硬件中、由处理器执行的软件模块中，或两者的组合中。软件模块可常驻于随机存取存储器(RAM)、快闪存储器、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、寄存器、硬盘、活动磁盘、CD-ROM或此项技术中已知的任何其它形式的存储媒体中。示范性存储媒体耦合至处理器以使得处理器可自所述存储媒体读取信息及将信息写入至所述存储媒体。或者，存储媒体可集成至处理器。处理器及存储媒体可常驻于ASIC中。ASIC可常驻于用户终端中。或者，处理器及存储媒体可作为离散组件而常驻于用户终端中。
在一个或一个以上示范性实施例中，可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合实施所描述的功能。如果以软件实施，则所述功能可作为一个或一个以上指令或代码存储于计算机可读媒体上或经由计算机可读媒体来传输。计算机可读媒体包括计算机存储媒体与通信媒体两者，通信媒体包括促进计算机程序自一处至另一处的传送的任何媒体。存储媒体可为可由计算机存取的任何可用媒体。举例来说且并非限制，这些计算机可读媒体可包含RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储器、磁盘存储器或其它磁性存储装置，或可用以载运或存储呈指令或数据结构形式的所要程式代码并可由计算机存取的任何其它媒体。且，将任何连接适当地称为计算机可读媒体。举例来说，如果使用同轴电缆、光纤缆线、双绞线、数字用户线路(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电及微波的无线技术自网站、服务器或其它远端源传输软件，那么同轴电缆、光纤缆线、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电及微波的无线技术包括于媒体的定义中。如本文中所使用，磁盘及光盘包括光盘(CD)、激光唱片、光学光盘、数字多功能光盘(DVD)、软磁盘及蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再生数据，而光盘使用激光以光学方式再生数据。上述各者的组合也应包括在计算机可读媒体的范畴内。
提供对所揭示的示范性实施例的先前描述以使所属领域的任何技术人员能够制造或使用本发明。所属领域的技术人员将易于显而易见对这些示范性实施例的各种修改，且在不偏离本发明的精神或范畴的情况下，可将本文中所界定的一般原理应用于其它实施例。因此，本发明不欲限于本文中所展示的示范性实施例，而应符合与本文中所揭示的原理及新颖特征相一致的最广泛范畴。

Claims (36)

1.一种电子装置，其包含：
处理器，其被配置成依据基于订购的无线电力计划操作；以及
用于接收无线电力的至少一个接收天线，所述至少一个接收天线被配置成根据基于订购的无线电力计划从无线充电器接收无线电力，其中所述基于订购的无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中所述至少一个接收天线进一步经配置以根据优先权来接收无线电力，所述优先权基于所述基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述电子装置充电量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述处理器被配置用于接收接入密钥，且所述电子装置包含被配置成发射所述接入密钥以使所述电子装置接收无线电力的发射器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述处理器被配置成在发生一个或多个事件或预期一个或多个事件时从基于订购的无线电源接收无线电力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述处理器被配置成当所述电子装置的充电量降到低于阈值时从基于订购的无线电源接收无线电力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其中所述处理器被配置成基于预期的电力要求而向基于订购的无线电源请求无线电力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子装置，其包含被配置成呈现为可用的无线充电器的列表的显示器。
7.一种电子设备，其包含：
接收器，其被配置成接收与电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划信息；以及
无线电力发射器，其被配置成基于所述基于订购的无线电力计划向所述电子装置发射无线电力，其中所述基于订购的无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中所述无线电力发射器进一步经配置以基于与一个或多个电子装置中的每一经授权电子装置相关联的一个或多个无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述一个或多个电子装置中的每一经授权电子装置的充电量而排定向所述一个或多个电子装置发射电力的优先次序。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中所述接收器进一步被配置成接收所述电子装置的位置信息、所述电子装置的充能信息或时间信息中的至少一者，所述无线电力发射器被配置成至少部分基于所接收到的信息向所述电子装置发射无线电力。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中所述基于订购的无线电力计划信息包含关于购买服务或产品中的至少一者的信息。
10.一种无线地转移电力的方法，其包含：
授权与一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或多个电子装置接收无线电力；以及
根据所述一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或多个电子装置，其中所述一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中从无线充电器向与一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或多个电子装置转移电力包含：基于与所述一个或多个电子装置中的每一电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述一个或多个电子装置中的每一电子装置的相关联充电量而排定向所述一个或多个电子装置转移无线电力的优先次序。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中根据一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或多个电子装置包含：根据以下各者中的至少一者无线地将电力从所述无线充电器转移至一个或多个经授权的电子装置以对所述一个或多个经授权的电子装置充电：基于位置的订购、基于能量的订购，以及基于时间的订购。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或多个电子装置包含：无线地将电力从所述无线充电器转移至与第一基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的第一电子装置，及与第二基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的第二电子装置。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述第一基于订购的无线电力计划所关联于的成本大于所述基于订购的无线电力计划所关联于的成本。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中无线地将电力从无线充电器转移至一个或多个电子装置包含基于购买服务或产品中的至少一者而无线地将电力从所述无线充电器转移至所述一个或多个电子装置中的第一电子装置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其进一步包含提供接入密钥以使得所述第一电子装置能够基于所述购买服务或产品中的至少一者而接收无线电力。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其进一步包含向所述一个或多个电子装置发射一个或多个广告。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中发射一个或多个广告包含向所述一个或多个电子装置发射某数目个广告，所述数目至少部分基于所述相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其进一步包含获取关于所述一个或多个电子装置和所述一个或多个电子装置的用户中的至少一者的数据。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中获取数据包含至少部分基于所述相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级而获取数据。
20.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其包含向所述一个或多个电子装置提供一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划。
21.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其进一步包含向与所述一个或多个电子装置相关联的一个或多个订购者提供接入密钥，所述接入密钥识别所述一个或多个电子装置以接收无线电力。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其进一步包含控制转移到所识别的电子装置的电力量。
23.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中从无线充电器向与一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或多个电子装置转移无线电力包含：向与一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或多个预先授权的电子装置自动转移电力。
24.一种无线地转移电力的方法，其包含：
依据基于订购的无线电力计划操作；以及
根据无线电力订购在一个或多个电子装置处从无线充电器接收无线电力，其中所述基于订购的无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中接收无线电力包含：根据优先权无线地接收电力，所述优先权基于所述无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述一个或多个电子装置的充电量。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含在所述一个或多个电子装置处接收一个或多个广告。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中接收一个或多个广告包含接收某数目个广告，所述数目至少部分基于所述无线电力订购的订购等级。
27.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含提供关于所述一个或多个电子装置和所述一个或多个电子装置的用户中的至少一者的数据。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中提供数据包含至少部分基于所述无线电力订购计划的订购等级而提供数据。
29.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其包含接收授权以根据所述无线电力订购计划而在一个或多个电子装置处接收无线电力。
30.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中接收无线电力包含：至少部分基于购买服务和产品中的至少一者而在一个或多个电子装置处从所述无线充电器接收无线电力。
31.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中接收无线电力包含：在发生一个或多个事件时在一个或多个电子装置处从所述无线充电器自动接收无线电力。
32.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含：在所述一个或多个电子装置处接收无线电力之前，向无线电力实体发射接入密钥。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法，其中发射接入密钥包含向与所述无线电力实体相关联的路由器发射所述接入密钥。
34.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含：为根据所述基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级在所述一个或多个电子装置处接收无线电力支付费用，其中支付包含以下各者中的至少一者：支付追加费用、为无线电力预先支付费用、为所接收到的每次充电支付费用，以及为所接收的实际电力支付费用。
35.一种电子装置，其包含：
用于依据基于订购的无线电力计划操作的装置；以及
用于根据基于订购的无线电力计划在一个或多个电子装置处从无线充电器接收无线电力的装置，其中所述无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中用于无线地接收电力的装置包含用于根据优先权无线地接收电力的装置，所述优先权基于所述无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述一个或多个电子装置的充电量。
36.一种电子设备，其包含：
用于接收与电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划信息的装置；以及
用于基于所述基于订购的无线电力计划向所述电子装置无线地发射电力的装置，其中所述无线电力计划包括具有不同服务等级的各种服务，其中用于从无线充电器向与一个或多个基于订购的无线电力计划相关联的一个或多个电子装置无线地发射电力的装置包含基于与所述一个或多个电子装置中的每一电子装置相关联的基于订购的无线电力计划的订购等级中的至少一者以及所述一个或多个电子装置中的每一电子装置的相关联充电量而排定所述向所述一个或多个电子装置转移无线电力的优先次序。
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