CN102612796A - 选择性无线电力转移 - Google Patents

选择性无线电力转移 Download PDF

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CN102612796A
CN102612796A CN2010800520222A CN201080052022A CN102612796A CN 102612796 A CN102612796 A CN 102612796A CN 2010800520222 A CN2010800520222 A CN 2010800520222A CN 201080052022 A CN201080052022 A CN 201080052022A CN 102612796 A CN102612796 A CN 102612796A
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wireless power
parameter
receiver
wireless
transfer case
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杰里米·D·邓恩沃思
罗杰·韦恩·马丁
玛丽贝思·塞尔比
戴维·马尔多纳多
哈立德·希勒米·埃尔-马勒
亚伊尔·卡尔米
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

示范性实施例是针对选择性无线电力转移。一种方法可包括在使无线电力转移的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化的同时将无线电力转移到至少一个电子装置。

Description

选择性无线电力转移
基于35U.S.C.§119的优先权主张
本申请案依据35U.S.C.§119(e)主张以下申请案的优先权：
2009年11月17日申请的题为“无线电力(WIRELESS POWER)”的第61/262,119号美国临时专利申请案，所述案的揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及无线电力，且更具体来说，涉及无线电力的选择性转移。
背景技术
通常，每一电池供电装置需要其自身的充电器及电源，所述电源通常为交流(AC)电源插座。在许多装置需要充电时，此举变得难以使用。
正在开发在发射器与待充电的装置之间使用空中电力传输的做法。这些做法通常属于两种类别。一种类别是基于发射天线与待充电的装置上的接收天线之间的平面波辐射(也称为远场辐射)的耦合，所述待充电的装置收集所辐射的电力且对其整流以用于对电池充电。天线通常为谐振长度以便提高耦合效率。这一做法的缺点为电力耦合随着天线之间的距离增加而迅速衰退。因此，在合理距离(例如，＞1-2公尺)上的充电变得困难。另外，因为系统辐射平面波，所以如果未通过滤波来进行适当控制，则无意中的辐射可干扰其他系统。
其他做法是基于嵌入于(例如)“充电”垫或表面中的发射天线与嵌入于待充电的主机装置中的接收天线加整流电路之间的电感耦合。这一做法具有以下缺点：发射天线与接收天线之间的间隔必须非常接近(例如，几毫米)。虽然这一做法确实具有对同一区域中的多个装置同时充电的能力，但这一区域通常较小，因此用户必须将所述装置定位至特定区域。
如所属领域的一般技术人员将了解，可通过未调制的信号来实现无线充电，所述未调制的信号允许将发射器和接收器窄调谐为相同频率。然而，此窄频带信号的发射可允许在发射器附近的任何接收器(包括未获授权的接收器)调谐为所述相同频率，从而接受电荷且干扰对获授权的接收器进行充电。
需要将无线电力提供至获授权的用户同时限制未获授权的用户的接入。
发明内容
附图说明
图1展示无线电力转移系统的简化框图。
图2展示无线电力转移系统的简化示意图。
图3说明用于本发明的示范性实施例中的环形天线的示意图。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器的简化框图。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器的简化框图。
图6展示用于执行发射器与接收器之间的消息传递的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。
图7说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包括无线电力装置及电子装置的系统。
图8说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包括无线电力装置及多个电子装置的系统。
图9说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包括无线电力装置及多个电子装置的另一系统。
图10为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的方法的流程图。
图11为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下文中结合附图所阐述的[具体实施方式]意欲作为对本发明的示范性实施例的描述且不意欲表示可实践本发明的仅有实施例。遍及此描述所使用的术语“示范性”意谓“充当实例、例子或说明”，且未必应被解释为相比其他示范性实施例优选或有利。所述[具体实施方式]包括特定细节以便达到提供对本发明的示范性实施例的彻底理解的目的。所属领域的技术人员将显而易见的是，可在没有这些特定细节的情况下实践本发明的示范性实施例。在一些例子中，以框图形式展示熟知结构及装置以便避免混淆本文中所呈现的示范性实施例的新颖性。
词“无线电力”在本文中用以意谓在不使用物理电导体的情况下在发射器与接收器之间发射的与电场、磁场、电磁场或其他者相关联的任何形式的能量。
图1说明根据本发明的各种示范性实施例的无线传输或充电系统100。将输入电力102提供至发射器104以供产生用于提供能量转移的辐射场106。接收器108耦合到辐射场106且产生输出电力110以供耦合到输出电力110的装置(未图示)存储或消耗。发射器104与接收器108分开达距离112。在一个示范性实施例中，根据相互谐振关系来配置发射器104及接收器108，且在接收器108的谐振频率与发射器104的谐振频率非常接近时，当接收器108位于辐射场106的“近场”中时，发射器104与接收器108之间的传输损失最小。
发射器104进一步包括用于提供用于能量发射的装置的发射天线114，且接收器108进一步包括用于提供用于能量接收的装置的接收天线118。根据应用及待与之相关联的装置来对发射天线及接收天线设定大小。如所陈述，通过将发射天线的近场中的大部分能量耦合到接收天线而非以电磁波形式将多数能量传播至远场来发生有效率能量转移。当在这种近场中时，可在发射天线114与接收天线118之间形成耦合模式。可发生这种近场耦合的在天线114及118周围的区域在本文中称作耦合模式区。
图2展示无线电力转移系统的简化示意图。发射器104包括振荡器122、功率放大器124，及滤波器及匹配电路126。所述振荡器被配置以在所需频率下产生信号，所述所需频率可响应于调整信号123来加以调整。可由功率放大器124以响应于控制信号125的放大量来放大振荡器信号。可包括滤波器及匹配电路126以滤出谐波或其他不想要的频率且使发射器104的阻抗与发射天线114匹配。
接收器108可包括匹配电路132和整流器及切换电路134，以产生直流(DC)电力输出以对电池136(如图2中所展示)充电或对耦合到接收器的装置(未图示)供电。可包括匹配电路132以使接收器108的阻抗与接收天线118匹配。接收器108与发射器104可在单独通信信道119(例如，蓝牙、紫蜂(zigbee)、蜂窝式等)上通信。
如图3中所说明，示范性实施例中所使用的天线可配置为“环形”天线150，其在本文中也可称作“磁性”天线。环形天线可被配置以包括空心或实体心(例如，铁氧体心)。空心环形天线可较能容忍置于所述心附近的外来物理装置。此外，空心环形天线允许其他组件置于心区域内。另外，空心环形可更易于使得能够将接收天线118(图2)置于发射天线114(图2)的平面内，在所述平面内，发射天线114(图2)的耦合模式区可更强大。
如所陈述，在发射器104与接收器108之间的匹配或近似匹配谐振期间，发生发射器104与接收器108之间的有效率能量转移。然而，甚至当发射器104与接收器108之间的谐振不匹配时，虽然效率可能受影响，但仍可转移能量。通过将来自发射天线的近场的能量耦合到驻留于建立了此近场的邻域中的接收天线而非将能量自发射天线传播至自由空间中来发生能量转移。
环形天线或磁性天线的谐振频率是基于电感和电容。环形天线中的电感通常仅为由所述环形天线建立的电感，而电容通常被加至环形天线的电感以在所需谐振频率下建立谐振结构。作为非限制性实例，可将电容器152及电容器154添加至所述天线以建立产生谐振信号156的谐振电路。因此，对于较大直径的环形天线来说，诱发谐振所需的电容的大小随着环形天线的直径或电感增加而减小。此外，随着环形天线或磁性天线的直径增加，近场的有效能量转移区域增大。当然，其他谐振电路为可能的。作为另一非限制性实例，电容器可并联地置于环形天线的两个端子之间。另外，所属领域的一般技术人员将认识到，对于发射天线，谐振信号156可为至环形天线150的输入。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器200的简化框图。发射器200包括发射电路202及发射天线204。通常，发射电路202通过提供致使在发射天线204周围产生近场能量的振荡信号来将射频(RF)电力提供至发射天线204。应注意，发射器200可在任何合适的频率下操作。举例来说，发射器200可在13.56MHz ISM频带下操作。
示范性发射电路202包括固定阻抗匹配电路206，其用于使发射电路202的阻抗(例如，50欧姆)与发射天线204匹配；以及低通滤波器(LPF)208，其被配置以将谐波发射减少至防止耦合到接收器108(图1)的装置的自干扰的程度。其他示范性实施例可包括不同滤波器拓扑(包括(但不限于)使特定频率衰减同时使其他频率通过的陷波滤波器)，且可包括自适应阻抗匹配，所述自适应阻抗匹配可基于可量测发射量度(例如，至天线的输出功率或由功率放大器汲取的DC电流)而变化。发射电路202进一步包括被配置以驱动如由振荡器212确定的RF信号的功率放大器210。发射电路可由离散装置或电路组成，或替代地可由集成式总成组成。来自发射天线204的示范性RF功率输出可为约2.5瓦特。
发射电路202进一步包括控制器214，其用于在特定接收器的发射阶段(或工作循环)期间启用振荡器212、用于调整所述振荡器的频率或相位，及用于调整用于实施通信协议(用于通过相邻装置所附接的接收器与相邻装置相互作用)的输出功率水平。如此项技术中熟知的，振荡器相位及发射路径中的相关电路的调整允许减少频带外发射(尤其在自一个频率转变至另一频率时)。
发射电路202可进一步包括负载感测电路216，其用于检测在由发射天线204产生的近场附近是否存在作用中接收器。举例来说，负载感测电路216监视流动至功率放大器210的电流，此电流受在由发射天线204产生的近场附近是否存在作用中接收器影响。对功率放大器210上的负载改变的检测是由控制器214监视，以用于确定是否启用振荡器212以发射能量和是否与作用中接收器通信。
发射天线204可用利兹线(Litz wire)来实施或实施为天线条带，其具有经选择以使电阻损失保持较低的厚度、宽度及金属类型。在常规实施方案中，发射天线204可通常经配置以与较大结构(例如，桌子、垫、灯或其他不便携带的配置)相关联。因此，发射天线204通常将不需要“匝”以便具有实际尺寸。发射天线204的示范性实施方案可为“电学上较小”(即，波长的分率)且经调谐以通过使用电容器来界定谐振频率而在较低可用频率下谐振。在其中发射天线204的直径或边长(如果为正方形环形)相对于接收天线来说可能较大(例如，0.50公尺)的示范性应用中，发射天线204将未必需要较大数目的匝来获得合理电容。
发射器200可搜集并追踪关于可能与发射器200相关联的接收器装置的行踪及状态的信息。因此，发射器电路202可包括连接至控制器214(在本文中也称作处理器)的存在检测器280、封入式检测器290，或其组合。控制器214可响应于来自存在检测器280及封入式检测器290的存在信号而调整由放大器210递送的电力量。发射器可通过若干电源(例如，用以转换存在于建筑物中的常规AC电力的AC转DC转换器(未图示)、用以将常规DC电源转换成适合于发射器200的电压的DC转DC转换器(未图示))接收电力，或可直接从常规DC电源(未图示)接收电力。
作为非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为运动检测器，其用以感测插入于发射器的涵盖区域中的待充电装置的初始存在。在检测之后，可开启发射器且可使用由装置接收的RF电力来以预定方式拨动Rx装置上的开关，这一情形继而导致发射器的驱动点阻抗改变。
作为另一非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为能够(例如)通过红外线检测、运动检测或其他合适方式检测人类的检测器。在一些示范性实施例中，可能存在限制发射天线可在特定频率下发射的功率量的法规。在一些状况下，这些法规意欲保护人类免受电磁辐射。然而，可能存在发射天线被置于人类未占据的或人类很少占据的区域(例如，车库、厂区、店铺，及其类似者)中的环境。如果这些环境无人类，则可能可准许将发射天线的功率输出增加至高于正常功率限制法规。换句话说，控制器214可响应于人类存在而将发射天线204的功率输出调整至管制水平或更低水平，且当人类处于距发射天线204的电磁场某管制距离之外时，将发射天线204的功率输出调整至高于所述管制水平的水平。
作为非限制性实例，封入式检测器290(在本文中也可称作封入式隔间检测器或封入式空间检测器)可为例如感测开关的装置，其用于确定外壳何时处于封闭或开放状态。当发射器处于呈封入状态的外壳中时，可增加发射器的功率水平。
在示范性实施例中，可使用发射器200藉以不会无限期地保持开启的方法。在这种状况下，发射器200可经编程以在用户确定的时间量之后切断。这种特征防止发射器200(尤其是功率放大器210)在发射器200周边的无线装置完全充电之后长时间运行。这种事件可归因于用以检测自中继器或接收线圈发送的信号的电路的故障，所述信号指示装置完全充电。为了防止发射器200在另一装置置于发射器200周边时自动地切断，可仅在在设定时段中在发射器200的周边内未检测到运动之后启动发射器200自动切断特征。用户可能能够确定停止使用(inactivity)时间间隔，且在需要时改变所述停止使用时间间隔。作为非限制性实例，所述时间间隔可比在假定特定类型的无线装置最初完全放电的情况下对所述装置完全充电所需的时间间隔长。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器300的简化框图。接收器300包括接收电路302和接收天线304。接收器300进一步耦合到装置350以向其提供所接收的电力。应注意，将接收器300说明为在装置350外部，但可将接收器300集成至装置350中。通常，能量被无线地传播至接收天线304且接着通过接收电路302耦合到装置350。
接收天线304经调谐以在与发射天线204(图4)相同的频率下或在指定频率范围内谐振。接收天线304可与发射天线204类似地来设定尺寸，或可基于相关联装置350的尺寸来不同地设定大小。举例来说，装置350可为具有小于发射天线204的长度或直径的直径或长度尺寸的便携式电子装置。在此实例中，接收天线304可实施为多匝天线以便减小调谐电容器(未图示)的电容值且增加接收天线的阻抗。举例来说，接收天线304可置于装置350的实质周长周围，以便使天线直径最大化且减小接收天线的环形匝(即，绕组)的数目及绕组间电容。
接收电路302提供与接收天线304的阻抗匹配。接收电路302包括电力转换电路306，其用于将所接收的RF能源转换成供装置350使用的充电电力。电力转换电路306包括RF转DC转换器308且也可包括DC转DC转换器310。RF转DC转换器308将接收天线304处所接收的RF能量信号整流成非交流电力，而DC转DC转换器310将经整流的RF能量信号转换成与装置350兼容的势能(energy potential)(例如，电压)。预期各种RF转DC转换器，包括部分及全整流器、调节器、桥接器、倍加器以及线性及切换转换器。
接收电路302可进一步包括切换电路312，其用于将接收天线304连接至电力转换电路306或替代地用于使电力转换电路306断开连接。将接收天线304与电力转换电路306断开连接不仅中止对装置350充电，而且改变如由发射器200(图2)所“见到”的“负载”。
如上文所揭示，发射器200包括负载感测电路216，其检测提供至发射器功率放大器210的偏置电流的波动。因此，发射器200具有用于确定接收器何时存在于发射器的近场中的机构。
当多个接收器300存在于发射器的近场中时，可能需要对一个或一个以上接收器的加载及卸载进行时间多路复用以使其他接收器能够更有效率地耦合到发射器。也可隐匿接收器以便消除与其他附近接收器的耦合或减少附近发射器上的负载。接收器的此“卸载”在本文中也称为“隐匿”。此外，如下文更完全地解释，由接收器300控制且由发射器200检测的卸载与加载之间的此切换提供了自接收器300至发射器200的通信机制。另外，协议可与所述切换相关联，所述协议使得能够将消息自接收器300发送至发射器200。举例来说，切换速度可为约100微秒。
在示范性实施例中，发射器与接收器之间的通信指代装置感测及充电控制机制而非常规双向通信。换句话说，发射器可使用所发射的信号的开/关键控，以调整能量在近场中是否可用。接收器将这些能量改变解释为来自发射器的消息。自接收器侧来说，接收器可使用接收天线的调谐与解谐来调整正自近场接受的电力的量。发射器可检测来自近场的所使用的电力的此差异，且将这些改变解释为来自接收器的消息。应注意，可利用发射功率及负载行为(load behavior)的其他形式的调制。
接收电路302可进一步包括用以识别所接收的能量波动的信令检测器及信标电路314，所述能量波动可对应于自发射器至接收器的信息性信令。此外，信令及信标电路314也可用以检测减少的RF信号能量(即，信标信号)的传输且将所述减少的RF信号能量整流成标称功率以用于唤醒接收电路302内的未供电或电力耗尽的电路，以便配置接收电路302以用于进行无线充电。
接收电路302进一步包括处理器316，其用于协调本文中所描述的接收器300的处理过程(包括对本文中所描述的切换电路312的控制)。也可在发生其他事件(包括检测到向装置350提供充电电力的外部有线充电源(例如，壁式/USB电源))后发生接收器300的隐匿。除控制接收器的隐匿之外，处理器316也可监视信标电路314以确定信标状态且提取自发射器发送的消息。处理器316也可调整DC转DC转换器310以获得提高的性能。
图6展示用于执行发射器与接收器之间的消息传递的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。在本发明的一些示范性实施例中，可在发射器与接收器之间启用用于通信的装置。在图6中，功率放大器210驱动发射天线204以产生辐射场。所述功率放大器通过载波信号220来驱动，所述载波信号220在发射天线204的所需频率下振荡。使用发射调制信号224来控制功率放大器210的输出。
发射电路可通过对功率放大器210使用开/关键控处理过程来将信号发送至接收器。换句话说，当断言发射调制信号224时，功率放大器210将在发射天线204上向外驱动载波信号220的频率。当否定发射调制信号224时，功率放大器将不在发射天线204上向外驱动任何频率。应注意，其他类型的调制可在本发明的范畴内。
图6的发射电路也包括负载感测电路216，其将电力供应至功率放大器210且产生接收信号235输出。在负载感测电路216中，电阻器Rs上的电压降形成于电力输入信号226与至功率放大器210的电力供应228之间。由功率放大器210消耗的电流的任何改变将引起将由差动放大器230放大的电压降的改变。当发射天线与接收器(图6中未展示)中的接收天线处于耦合模式中时，由功率放大器210汲取的电流量将改变。换句话说，如果发射天线204不存在耦合模式谐振，那么驱动辐射场所需的电力将为第一量。如果存在耦合模式谐振，那么由功率放大器210消耗的电力量将上升，这是因为大量电力耦合到接收天线中。因此，接收信号235可指示耦合到发射天线235的接收天线的存在且也可检测自接收天线发送的信号。另外，接收器电流汲取的改变可在发射器的功率放大器电流汲取中观测到，且此改变可用以检测来自接收天线的信号。应注意，可实施其他电路以检测由接收天线及相关联电路的行为呈现的负载变化。
如本文中所描述的本发明的各种示范性实施例涉及用于将无线电力转移到获授权的装置同时防止未获授权的装置接收无线电力的系统、装置及方法。更具体来说，本文中所描述的各种示范性实施例包括用于转移无线电力并向获授权以接收无线电力的一个或一个以上电子装置提供对所转移的无线电力的接入的方法、系统及装置。本文中所描述的其他各种示范性实施例包括用于在获授权的电子装置处接收无线电力的方法、系统及装置。
更具体来说，根据本发明的一个示范性实施例，无线电力装置可发射无线电力，其中与无线电力的发射相关联的至少一个参数可根据预定义的无线电力转移情况变化。更具体来说，例如，无线电力装置可发射无线电力，其中与无线电力的发射相关联的至少一个参数可根据伪随机序列而变化。应注意，术语“无线电力转移情况”可包括无线电力传输的至少一个参数(例如，无线电力发射器的频率)根据至少一个伪随机序列而变化的情况。换句话说，“无线电力转移情况”可包括无线电力传输的至少一个参数根据与时间有关的预定义型式而变化的情况。
此外，为了使得获授权的电子装置能够接收无线电力，与所述电子装置相关联的接收器可根据无线电力转移情况操作。更具体来说，例如，获授权以接收无线电力的电子装置可使与无线电力的接收相关联的至少一个参数(例如，无线电力接收器的频率)根据伪随机序列而变化。更具体来说，例如，获授权以接收无线电力的电子装置可使相关联的无线电力接收器的频率根据所述伪随机序列而变化，以使得所述接收器的谐振频率能够匹配无线电力装置的发射器的谐振频率。
此外，根据本发明的一个或一个以上其他示范性实施例，无线电力装置可发射(例如，通过通信装置)码，识别向获授权以自无线电力装置接收无线电力的电子装置的无线电力转移情况。在接收到所述码后，所述电子装置便可被配置以使相关联的接收器的至少一个参数根据伪随机序列而变化，且，因此，可使得能够进行无线电力接收。
图7说明包括无线电力装置702的系统700，无线电力装置702具有发射器703及至少一个相关联的发射天线705，发射天线705经配置以在相关联的充电区内发射无线电力。系统700进一步包括具有接收器707的电子装置704，接收器707经配置以从无线电力装置(例如，无线电力装置702)接收无线电力。作为一个实例，无线电力装置702可将码发射至电子装置704，其中所述码识别一与时间有关的型式，相关联的发射器的至少一个参数将依据所述型式而变化。此后，无线电力装置702可发射无线电力，其中相关联的发射器的至少一个参数根据所述预定义型式而变化。换句话说，无线电力装置702可根据电子装置704已知的唯一递送型式来发射电力，电子装置704获授权以接收自无线电力装置702发射的无线电力。
使发射器的参数依据伪随机序列而变化可使得拥有识别所述伪随机序列的码的一个或一个以上接收器能够追踪无线电力装置702。因此，与所述可追踪无线电力装置的发射器的至少一个参数的一个或一个以上接收器相关联的一个或一个以上装置可从无线电力装置702接收无线电力，同时其他非追踪装置无法接收无线电力。
作为一个实例，发射器的频率可根据型式(例如，预定的或借助于此项技术中熟知的秘密算法动态地控制的秘密型式)而变化，且仅知晓所述型式并根据所述型式操作的装置能够控制其相关联的接收器追踪所发射的信号且有效地从无线电力装置702汲取电力。通过使用频率范围且恒定地改变发射器的谐振频率，有可能确保仅具有在与发射器实质上类似的频率下谐振的接收器的电子装置能够以无线方式汲取电力。应注意，频率的变化也可包括相位的变化。如在此项技术中熟知的，信号输出可对应于更通用化的转移函数，在所述函数中(例如)使频率变化的方法可能必须要对相位进行控制。在支持本发明的实施例将电力转移到所允许的装置的同时，转移函数的这种控制可提供减少频带外发射的额外好处。
此外，应注意，因为可将数据加密，所以在(例如)用户已订购无线电力服务或为无线电力服务支付费用之后，可使用传统无线通信手段来发射识别预定型式的码。码的交换或加载可通过此项技术中熟知的方法来进行，所述方法例如预先加载、挑战响应或在本地自所存储的密钥产生(通常结合可从常见来源供应的额外信息(例如，时间、位置等))。
根据一个示范性实施例，无线电力装置702可在调谐至特定频率(例如，在充电型式中识别的第一频率)时发射电力。根据另一示范性实施例，无线电力装置702可使用转变函数逐渐地增加(“倾斜上升”)电力传输，所述转变函数可减少获授权的电子装置可能不能够接收的频带外电力发射。此外，转移函数可减少获授权的电子装置可能不能够接收(由于同步准确度)的电力传输。更具体来说，无线电力装置702(且，更具体来说，与无线电力装置702相关联的发射器703)可发射低功率前同步码(其可能为CW或调制的信号)，从而允许获授权的电子装置704的接收器707同步且将自身调谐，此情形可使得电子装置704能够在无线电力装置702发射时接收最大电力。
图8说明另一系统800，其包括无线电力装置702及多个电子装置704及706，其中每一电子装置704及706被配置以自无线电力装置(例如，无线电力装置702)接收无线电力。然而，应注意，在图8中所说明的实例中，电子装置704获授权以自无线电力装置702接收无线电力，而包括接收器709的电子装置706未获授权。作为一个实例，无线电力装置702可将码发射至电子装置704，其中所述码识别与时间有关的型式，发射器703的频率将依据所述型式而变化。此后，无线电力装置702可发射无线电力，其中发射器的频率根据所述预定义型式而变化。此外，只要电子装置704使相关联的接收器707的频率根据所述码中识别的预定义型式而变化，电子装置704便可接收自无线电力装置702无线发射的电力。此外，应注意，因为电子装置706没有关于与时间有关的型式的信息，所以与电子装置706相关联的接收器无法使其频率相应地变化，且因此，无法接收自无线电力装置702无线发射的电力的任何显著部分。
在另一实施例中，发射器703的阻抗可根据与时间有关的伪随机序列而变化。此外，知晓与时间有关的伪随机序列的获授权的电子装置的接收器(例如，接收器707)可使其阻抗相应地变化，以保持与发射器703耦合，且因此，可自发射器703接收无线电力。阻抗匹配可导致高效率耦合且可有效地替换具有较低效率的其他接收器线圈。阻抗可以与上文关于频率变化所描述的示范性实施例几乎相同的方式变化。应注意，根据一个示范性实施例，通过将接收器(即，获授权的装置的接收器)的阻抗设定至预期最优值，仅拥有当前最优阻抗的接收器(即，获授权的装置的接收器)将合理地与无线电力的发射器耦合。在另一实施例中，可将并不拥有最优值的一个或一个以上接收器(即，未获授权的装置的接收器)设定至高阻抗，以便不干扰对其他用户的服务。
本发明的各种示范性实施例可使得能够根据无线电力转移情况将无线电力转移到多个获授权的装置。图9说明系统840，其包括无线电力装置702及多个电子装置850、852及854，其中每一电子装置获授权以从无线电力装置702接收无线电力。作为实例，参看图9及表1，说明了无线电力转移情况，其中无线电力装置702在多个时段内跨越不同频率而转移无线电力。更具体来说，无线电力装置702在第一时段期间在频率F1下转移电力，在第二时段期间在频率F2下转移电力，在第三时段期间在频率F3下转移电力，在第四时段期间在频率F4下转移电力，等等。此外，如表1中所说明，电子装置850的相关联接收器851在第一时段期间在频率F1下谐振，在第三时段期间在频率F3下谐振，在第五时段期间在频率F5下谐振，在第七时段期间在频率F7下谐振，在第九时段期间在频率F9下谐振，在第十一时段期间在频率F11下谐振，在第十三时段期间在频率F13下谐振，且在第十五时段期间在频率F15下谐振。因此，电子装置850的接收器851可在以下时段期间在与发射器703相同的频率下谐振：第一时段、第三时段、第五时段、第七时段、第九时段、第十一时段、第十三时段以及第十五时段。
此外，电子装置852的相关联接收器853在第二时段期间在频率F2下谐振，在第四时段期间在频率F4下谐振，在第八时段期间在频率F8下谐振，在第十时段期间在频率F10下谐振，且在第十四时段期间在频率F14下谐振。因此，电子装置852的接收器853可在以下时段期间在与发射器703相同的频率下谐振：第二时段、第四时段、第八时段、第十时段及第十四时段。另外，电子装置854的相关联接收器855在第六时段期间在频率F6下谐振且在第十二时段期间在频率F12下谐振。因此，电子装置854的接收器855可在第六时段及第十二时段期间在与发射器703相同的频率下谐振。
表1
Figure BDA00001650045500111
结果，由无线电力装置702递送的电力在约二分之一的时间内由电子装置850接收(例如，每六个循环中有三次)，在约三分之一的时间内由电子装置852接收(每六个循环中有两次)，且在约六分之一的时间内由电子装置854接收(每六个循环中有一次)。
作为另一实例，参看图9及表2，说明了无线电力装置702在多个时段内跨越不同阻抗而转移无线电力的无线电力转移情况。更具体来说，无线电力装置702在第一时段期间可在阻抗Z1下操作，在第二时段期间可在阻抗Z2下操作，在第三时段期间可在阻抗Z3下操作，在第四时段期间可在阻抗Z4下操作，等等。此外，如表2中所说明，电子装置850的相关联接收器851在第一时段期间在阻抗Z1下谐振，在第三时段期间在阻抗Z3下谐振，在第五时段期间在阻抗Z5下谐振，在第七时段期间在阻抗Z7下谐振，在第九时段期间在阻抗Z9下谐振，在第十一时段期间在阻抗Z11下谐振，在第十三时段期间在阻抗Z13下谐振，且在第十五时段期间在阻抗Z15下谐振。因此，电子装置850的接收器851可在以下时段期间以与发射器703相同的阻抗操作：第一时段、第三时段、第五时段、第七时段、第九时段、第十一时段、第十三时段及第十五时段。
另外，电子装置854的相关联接收器855在第六时段期间以阻抗Z6操作且在第十二时段期间以阻抗Z12操作。因此，电子装置854的接收器855可在第六时段及第十二时段期间以与发射器703相同的阻抗操作。此外，电子装置852的相关联接收器853在第二时段期间以阻抗Z2操作，在第四时段期间以阻抗Z4操作，在第八时段期间以阻抗Z8操作，在第十时段期间以阻抗Z10操作，且在第十四时段期间以阻抗Z14操作。因此，电子装置852的接收器853可在以下时段期间以与发射器703相同的阻抗操作：第二时段、第四时段、第八时段、第十时段及第十四时段。
表2
Figure BDA00001650045500121
结果，由无线电力装置702递送的电力在约二分之一的时间内由电子装置850接收(例如，每六个循环中有三次)，在约六分之一的时间内由电子装置852接收(每六个循环中有一次)，且在约三分之一的时间内由电子装置854接收(每六个循环中有两次)。
参看图8及表3，说明了另一无线电力转移情况，其中无线电力装置702在多个时段内跨越不同频率(即，频率F1-频率F4)而转移无线电力。此外，接收器707的谐振频率追踪无线电力装置702的谐振频率。因此，接收器707可在每一时段内接收电力。另外，与未获授权的装置相关联的接收器709在每一时段内在频率F2下谐振。因此，接收器709可在无线电力装置702于频率F2下谐振的时段期间接收无线电力。
表3
Figure BDA00001650045500131
如上文所提及，与未获授权的装置相关联的接收器709在频率F2下谐振，且因此，可在无线电力装置702于频率F2下谐振的时段期间接收无线电力。因此，意欲用于接收器707的无线电力可能由接收器709接收，且因此，由接收器707接收的电力量可能减少。可通过各种手段来减少向此种未获授权装置的能量损失。在一个示范性实施例中，由未获授权的装置产生的干扰(即，负载)可通过检测负载且修改频率序列以避开发生负载的频率来避免。举例来说，参看表4，无线电力装置702可避免在频率F2下发射电力且，因此，未获授权的且在频率F2下谐振的接收器709无法自无线电力装置702接收无线电力。
表4
Figure BDA00001650045500132
在另一示范性实施例中，在开始任何频率上的无线电力传输之前，或在可能等距或不等距地隔开的一个或一个以上时间间隔之后，测试在当前频率下的负载，且如果发现未获授权的负载的指示，那么减少所发射的电力，或将发射切换至另一频率。这一示范性实施例可能要求发射器与获授权装置的接收器均切换至共同已知的频率，所述共同已知的频率可为原始频率的备用频率。
应注意，可识别特定无线电力转移情况的码或另一码可用于电子装置的鉴别及授权。举例来说，在无线电力装置附近的电子装置可识别其自身或被无线电力装置识别。此外，无线电力装置可被配置以接入中央服务器或网络以请求对电子装置的充电授权。在接收到授权后，便可为电子装置提供关于无线电力转移情况的信息。
根据另一示范性实施例，可将无线通信与无线电力同时广播，且耦合到接收器的控制器在接收到所述通信后，可确定接收器是否获授权以接收无线电力。如果接收器未获授权以接收无线电力，则控制器可被配置以防止所述接收器在正确频率下谐振以接收电力。
图10为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的方法980的流程图。方法980可包括在使无线电力转移的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化的同时将无线电力转移到至少一个电子装置(通过数字982描绘)。
图11为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的另一方法990的流程图。方法990可包括通过使电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化而在电子装置处接收无线电力(通过数字992描绘)。
所属领域的技术人员将理解，可使用各种不同技术及技艺中的任一者来表示信息及信号。举例来说，可通过电压、电流、电磁波、磁场或磁粒子、光场或光粒子或其任何组合来表示可能遍及以上描述而引用的数据、指令、命令、信息、信号、位、符号及小片。
所属领域的技术人员将进一步了解，结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的各种说明性逻辑区块、模块、电路及算法步骤可实施为电子硬件、计算机软件或两者的组合。为了清楚地说明硬件与软件的此可互换性，上文已通常在功能性方面描述各种说明性组件、区块、模块、电路及步骤。此种功能性实施为硬件抑或软件取决于特定应用及强加于整个系统的设计约束。所属领域的技术人员可针对每一特定应用以不同方式来实施所描述的功能性，但这些实施决策不应被解释为会造成偏离本发明的示范性实施例的范畴。
可使用以下各者来实施或执行结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的各种说明性逻辑区块、模块及电路：通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其他可编程逻辑装置、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件，或其经设计以执行本文中所描述的功能的任何组合。通用处理器可为微处理器，但或者，处理器可为任何常规的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可实施为计算装置的组合，例如，DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、结合DSP核心的一个或一个以上微处理器，或任何其他此类配置。
结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例所描述的方法或算法的步骤可直接体现于硬件中、由处理器执行的软件模块中，或两者的组合中。软件模块可常驻于随机存取存储器(RAM)、快闪存储器、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、寄存器、硬盘、活动磁盘、CD-ROM或此项技术中已知的任何其他形式的存储媒体中。示范性存储媒体耦合到处理器以使得处理器可自所述存储媒体读取信息及将信息写入至所述存储媒体。或者，存储媒体可集成至处理器。处理器及存储媒体可常驻于ASIC中。ASIC可常驻于用户终端中。或者，处理器及存储媒体可作为离散组件而常驻于用户终端中。
在一个或一个以上示范性实施例中，可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合实施所描述的功能。如果以软件实施，则所述功能可作为一个或一个以上指令或代码存储于计算机可读媒体上或通过计算机可读媒体来传输。计算机可读媒体包括计算机存储媒体与通信媒体两者，通信媒体包括促进计算机程序自一处至另一处的传送的任何媒体。存储媒体可为可由计算机存取的任何可用媒体。举例来说且并非限制，这些计算机可读媒体可包含RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储器、磁盘存储器或其他磁性存储装置，或可用以载运或存储呈指令或数据结构形式的所需程序代码并可由计算机存取的任何其他媒体。且，将任何连接适当地称为计算机可读媒体。举例来说，如果使用同轴电缆、光纤缆线、双绞线、数字用户线路(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电及微波的无线技术自网站、服务器或其他远程源发射软件，那么同轴电缆、光纤缆线、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电及微波的无线技术包括于媒体的定义中。如本文中所使用，磁盘及光盘包括光盘(CD)、激光唱片、光学光盘、数字多功能光盘(DVD)、软磁盘及蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再生数据，而光盘使用激光以光学方式再生数据。上述各者的组合也应包括在计算机可读媒体的范畴内。
提供对所揭示的示范性实施例的先前描述以使所属领域的任何技术人员能够制造或使用本发明。所属领域的技术人员将易于显而易见对这些示范性实施例的各种修改，且在不偏离本发明的精神或范畴的情况下，可将本文中所界定的一般原理应用于其他实施例。因此，本发明不欲限于本文中所展示的示范性实施例，而应符合与本文中所揭示的原理及新颖特征相一致的最广泛范畴。

Claims (23)

1.一种方法，其包含：
在使无线电力转移的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化的同时将无线电力转移到至少一个电子装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使所述无线电力转移的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化包含：使所述无线电力转移的所述至少一个参数根据伪随机序列变化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使所述无线电力转移的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化包含：使所述无线电力转移的所述至少一个参数根据与时间有关的型式变化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含将码发射至一个或一个以上电子装置，所述码识别将根据所述无线电力转移情况变化的无线电力传输的所述至少一个参数。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中发射码包含发射加密码，所述加密码识别将根据所述无线电力转移情况变化的无线电力传输的所述至少一个参数。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使所述无线电力转移的至少一个参数变化包含：使无线电力传输的频率及阻抗中的至少一者变化。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中转移无线电力包含：利用转移函数来减少频带外电力发射。
8.一种装置，其包含：
无线电力发射器，其经配置以在使无线电力传输的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化的同时发射无线电力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述无线电力转移情况包含与时间有关的型式。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述无线电力发射器经配置以使所述无线电力传输的频率及阻抗中的至少一者变化。
11.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其经进一步配置以将码发射至一个或一个以上电子装置，所述码识别将根据所述无线电力转移情况变化的无线电力传输的所述至少一个参数。
12.一种方法，其包含通过使电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化而在所述电子装置处接收无线电力。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中使所述电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化包含：使所述电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据伪随机序列变化。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中使所述电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据无线电力转移情况变化包含：使所述电子装置的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据与时间有关的型式变化。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包含接收码，所述码识别所述至少一个参数及所述至少一个参数变化所依据的伪随机序列。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中接收码包含接收加密码，所述加密码识别所述至少一个参数及所述至少一个参数变化所依据的所述伪随机序列。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中使至少一个参数变化包含：使所述无线接收器的谐振频率及所述无线接收器的阻抗中的至少一者变化。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中使至少一个参数变化包含：使无线接收器的至少一个参数变化以匹配无线电力发射器的相关联的至少一个参数。
19.一种装置，其包含：
无线电力接收器，其经配置以通过使其至少一个参数根据伪随机序列变化来接收无线电力。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置，其中所述装置经配置以接收码，所述码识别所述至少一个参数及所述至少一个参数变化所依据的所述伪随机序列。
21.根据权利要求19所述的装置，其中所述装置经配置以使所述无线电力接收器谐振的频率及所述无线电力接收器的阻抗中的至少一者变化。
22.一种装置，其包含：
用于发射识别无线电力转移情况的码的装置；以及
用于通过使相关联的无线发射器的至少一个参数根据所述无线电力转移情况变化而发射无线电力的装置。
23.一种装置，其包含：
用于接收识别无线电力转移情况的码的装置；以及
用于通过使相关联的无线接收器的至少一个参数根据所述无线电力转移情况变化而接收无线电力的装置。
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