JP6518316B2 - 無線電力伝送システムにおける共振器の均衡化 - Google Patents
無線電力伝送システムにおける共振器の均衡化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1Aは、無線電源101およびデバイス107を含む無線電力伝送システム100の実施形態の概略図を示す。無線電源101は、ソース電子機器104に結合されたソース共振器102を含み、ソース電子機器104は、電源106に結合される。ソース電子機器104は、AC-DCコンバータ、増幅器、およびインピーダンス整合ネットワークを含む様々な構成要素を含むことができる。電源106は、AC主電源、太陽電池パネル、および1つ以上のバッテリのうちの1つまたは複数を含むことができる。無線電源101の構成要素の全てが動作のために必要であるわけではなく、いくつかの実施形態では、図1Aに示す特定の構成要素を統合することができる(例えば、ソース電子機器104と電源106を単一の構成要素として統合することができる)。
無線電力伝送システムにおける2つの共振器間のカップリングの程度および無線電力伝送の効率は、共振器の様々な異なる構造的特徴に依存する。そのため、異なる共振器構成は、異なる電力伝送効率および速度を達成するため、異なるタイプの動力伝達用途には異なる構成が適している。以下のセクションでは、いくつかの異なる共振器構成を示し、無線電力伝送性能に対する異なる構造的特徴の効果について論じる。
様々なインピーダンス整合ネットワークおよび構成を、本明細書に開示された無線電力伝送システムに使用することにより、ソース共振器と受信共振器との間における電力の効率的な伝達を確実にすることができる。インピーダンス整合ネットワークの様々な特徴および態様は、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2012/0242225号に記載されており、その全内容を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
様々な異なる共振器の構成を無線電力伝送システムに使用することができる。本セクションでは、このような構成の例とその特定のパフォーマンス特性について説明する。
上述したインピーダンス整合ネットワークに加えて、付加的インピーダンス整合ネットワークトポロジを、本明細書に開示される無線電力システムに使用することもできる。図35Aおよび図35Bは、デバイス電子機器110で使用される整合ネットワークの概略図である。図35Aはデルタコンデンサ整合ネットワーク3502を示し、図35Bは、ワイコンデンサ整合ネットワーク3504を示す。2つのコンデンサネットワークは、「デルタ−ワイ」変換を介して互いに等価である。デバイスをバッテリ電圧および変化する出力電力として比較的平坦に持続する有効インピーダンスに整合させるデルタネットワークおよびワイネットワークが望ましい場合がある。したがって、無線電力伝送システムは、いずれかのトポロジの整合ネットワークを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、「デルタ−ワイ」整合ネットワークのいずれかを実装することは、所与の電圧定格の最小コンデンサを使用するネットワークによって導かれ、そのネットワークの実装を他方の実装よりも安価にする。
図42は、磁性材料(例えば、フェライト)のタイル4202のアレイから形成された磁性部材の実施形態を示す概略図である。いくつかの実施形態では、フェライトタイル4202は、約150mm×100mmの寸法と、約5mmまたは8mm以上の厚みを有することができる。特定の実施形態において、フェライトタイル4202は、隣接するタイルの間に約0.4mmの等間隔が存在するように配置することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、磁性部材の最大寸法は、約500mm×500mmとすることができる。
図49は、磁性部材の上方にコイル状に巻回され電気的に並列接続された3つの並列巻線4904、4906、および4908を含むソース共振器4902の実施形態を示す画像である。実施形態において、巻線は、コイルの全体に発生する可能性がある全体的な電圧を低減するために、直列の代わりに電気的に並列接続されてもよい。図49には3つの巻線が示されているが、より一般的には、任意の数の巻線を並列に巻いてコイルを形成し、電気的に並列接続することができる。巻線は、同一または異なるワイヤ直径を有することができ、並列巻線によって形成されるコイルの全体的な形状は、本明細書に開示される異なる形状のいずれであってもよい。本開示の目的のために、コイルの巻線にそれぞれ対応する二組のループは、一組のループが相補的かつ対応する形状を有する場合は物理的に「平行」であり、一組のループを形成する導電性材料と他の一組のループを形成する導電性材料との間の距離は、導電性材料の長さの80%以上に沿って一組のループの対応する部分の間で同じである。2つの巻線のループ間の磁気結合が90%より大きい場合、2つの巻線は物理的に平行であるとみなすことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、ループを形成する導体の対応する部分が互いに平行になるように、一組の並列ループが交互に配置される場合が多い。
最も外側の巻線:8.4 ARMS (30.2%)
中間の巻線:9.9 ARMS(35.7%)
最も外側の巻線:9.5 ARMS (34.1%)
この電流再区分は、低電力測定に基づいて予想される電流再分割に近い。
図75は、本明細書で説明するシステムおよび方法で使用することができる電子制御部7503の例を示す。前述したように、電子制御部7503(より具体的には、電子処理装置105および/または電子処理装置111などの電子処理装置)を使用して、例えば、電源の出力電力を変更すること、動作周波数および/または共振周波数を調整すること、そしてインピーダンス整合ネットワークを調整することによって、無線電力伝送システムの電力伝送を制御することを含む、本明細書で開示する制御および/または計算機能のいずれも実行することができる。電子制御部7503は、他のコイルと比較して異なるコイルの電流方向、大きさ、および位相を制御するために使用することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、電子制御部7503は、システムの様々な要素と直接接続すること、または無線で通信することができる。
本開示は多くの具体的な実施の詳細を含むが、これらは開示の範囲を限定するものではなく、むしろ実施形態に関連する特徴の説明として解釈されるべきである。別の実施形態の文脈で説明される特徴は、概して、単一の実施形態において組み合わせて実施されてもよい。逆に、単一の実施形態の文脈に記載された様々な特徴は、複数の実施形態で別々にまたは任意の適切なサブコンビネーションで実施することもできる。さらに、特徴は、上記にて特定の組み合わせで作用するものとして説明されており、初めにそのように主張されているが、主張された組み合わせからの1つ以上の特徴を一般的にその組み合わせから切り出すことができ、主張された組み合わせは、サブコンビネーションまたはサブコンビネーションの変形に向けられることができる。
Claims (10)
- 少なくとも2つの巻線を有するコイルを含む共振器であり、前記少なくとも2つの巻線は導電性材料で形成されて平面に延在する複数のループを備え、前記少なくとも2つの巻線の各々の対応する部分は平行に配向され、前記巻線のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記巻線の他の1つの巻線の長さとは異なる長さを有し、前記少なくとも2つの巻線は電気的に並列接続されている、前記共振器、および
調整可能なインダクタンス値を有する少なくとも1つのインダクタであり、前記少なくとも1つのインダクタは前記巻線の少なくとも1つに直列接続され、前記インダクタンス値は、コイルが電流を通電する時に、前記少なくとも1つのインダクタが、前記少なくとも2つの巻線に流れる電流の分配を、前記少なくとも2つの巻線の各々に対して実際に流れる電流の、巻線の目標電流との差異が10%以下になるように維持するように、無線電力伝送システム処理中に電子処理装置により調整可能である、前記少なくとも1つのインダクタ
を備えることを特徴とする無線電力伝送用のシステム。 - 前記少なくとも2つの巻線の各々の対応する部分が、前記少なくとも1つの巻線の長さの少なくとも80%に沿って平行に配向されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 各巻線のループが交互に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 各巻線のループが同心であって螺旋を形成する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも2つの巻線に結合されて、前記巻線におけるそれぞれの電流を前記少なくとも2つの巻線に対する前記目標電流に基づいて制御するように構成された電子処理装置をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電子処理装置は、
前記目標電流に関連する性能指数に基づいて、前記少なくとも1つのインダクタの目標インダクタンス値を決定すること、および
前記少なくとも1つのインダクタの前記インダクタンス値を、前記目標インダクタンス値と一致するように調整すること、
によって、前記巻線の各々における電流を制御するように構成される、請求項5に記載のシステム。 - 前記電子処理装置は、
(1)各巻線に対して、
前記1つの巻線が他のすべての巻線から電気的に切断された時の前記1つの巻線のインダクタンスの測定値に基づいて、前記1つの巻線の自己インダクタンス値を決定すること、および
前記1つの巻線の複数の相互インダクタンス値を決定することであって、前記相互インダクタンス値はそれぞれ、前記1つの巻線が他の1つの巻線から電気的に切断された時の前記1つの巻線のインダクタンスの測定値に基づく、
(2)自己インダクタンス値および相互インダクタンス値に基づいて、各巻線の目標電流を決定すること、および
(3)各巻線の目標電流に基づいて、目標インダクタンス値を決定すること、
によって前記目標インダクタンス値を決定するように構成される、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記電子処理装置は、
各巻線の自己インダクタンス値と相互インダクタンス値に基づいてインダクタンスマトリクスを構成すること、
前記少なくとも1つのインダクタによる前記各巻線のインダクタンスの変化に対応する要素を備えるインダクタンス修正マトリクスを前記インダクタンスマトリクスに加えることによって、調整済インダクタンスマトリクスを計算すること、
前記調整済インダクタンスマトリクスの逆マトリクスを計算すること、および
前記逆マトリクスに基づいて前記目標電流を決定すること、
によって前記目標電流を決定するように構成される、請求項7に記載のシステム。 - 前記インダクタンス修正マトリクスは対角マトリクスであり、前記インダクタンス修正マトリクスの対角要素は、前記巻線に接続された前記少なくとも1つのインダクタの各要素のインダクタンス値である、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記電流の分配は、前記巻線間の電流の均等な分割に対応しない、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載のシステム。
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US9376026B2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2016-06-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | System and method for inductance compensation in wireless power transfer |
CN103208866B (zh) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-09-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | 一种无线电力传输装置的设计方法 |
KR101987315B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-24 | 2019-09-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 무선 전력 전송 장치 및 에너지 충전 장치 |
JP6588190B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2019-10-09 | 株式会社デンソー | 無線給電装置 |
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US9842688B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
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