CN101842963B - 使用磁机械系统的无线功率转移 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种使用磁机械系统的无线功率转移。本申请公开了一种无线功率转移系统,其包含:磁机械振荡器阵列,每一振荡器包含磁对称部分和啮合到所述磁对称部分的扭悬;以及感应线圈,其形成于所述阵列周围,且电磁地耦合到所述振荡器以产生由与所述振荡器的电磁耦合造成的电流。
Description
背景技术
本申请案主张2007年10月11日申请的第60/979,381号临时申请案的优先权,所述临时申请案的全部揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
我们的先前申请案已描述了磁机械系统。奈杰尔功率有限责任公司(Nigel PowerLLC)的先前申请案已描述了一种无线供电和/或充电系统,其使用以大致未调制载波发送磁信号的发射器。接收器从发射器的辐射场提取能量。所提取的能量可经整流并用以对负载供电或对电池充电。
我们的先前申请案描述了使用耦合磁谐振的非辐射性电能量转移。非辐射性意味着接收天线和发射天线两者均与波长相比为“小”的,且因此相对于赫兹波具有低辐射效率。可在发射天线与位于发射天线的近场内的接收天线之间获得高效率。
发明内容
本申请案描述用于基于磁发射俘获无线功率的技术。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1展示发射与接收回路之间的感应的框图;
图2展示基本扭摆
图3展示发电机接收器;
图4A和4B展示球体内的通量和场强度;
图5展示集成实施例;
图6展示圆盘形阵列;
图7说明线圈可如何缠绕在圆盘形阵列周围。
具体实施方式
非辐射性能量转移的经典原理是基于法拉第感应定律。发射器形成初级线圈,且接收器形成次级线圈,其分离一发射距离。初级线圈代表产生交变磁场的发射天线。次级线圈代表使用法拉第感应定律从交变磁场提取电功率的接收天线。
然而,本发明人认识到存在于初级线圈与次级线圈之间的弱耦合可视为杂散电感。此杂散电感又增加了电抗,所述电抗本身可妨碍初级线圈与次级线圈之间的能量转移。
这种种类的弱耦合系统的转移效率可通过使用调谐到操作频率的电抗的精确对立物的电容器来改进。当以此方式调谐系统时,其变成在其操作频率下谐振的补偿变压器。功率转移效率于是仅受初级线圈和次级线圈中的损耗所限制。这些损耗本身由其质量或Q因子界定。
对杂散电感的补偿还可视为源和负载阻抗匹配的一部分以便最大化功率转移。以此方式的阻抗匹配可因此增加功率转移的量。
图1说明非辐射性系统的发射部分与接收部分之间的阻抗匹配。
随着发射器100与接收器150之间的距离D增加,发射效率可能减小。在距离增加的情况下,可使用较大回路和/或较大Q因子来改进效率。然而,当这些装置并入到便携式装置中时,回路的尺寸可能受便携式装置的参数所限制。
可通过减小天线损耗来改进效率。在例如小于1MHz等低频率下,损耗可归因于传导不良的材料和回路附近的涡电流。
例如铁氧体材料等通量放大材料可用以人为地增加天线的尺寸。通过集中磁场来固有地减小涡电流损耗。
特殊种类的电线也可用以降低电阻,例如在低频率下使用多股或绞合电线以减轻集肤效应。
非辐射性转移的替代方案使用如我们在2008年9月14日申请的共同待决的第12/210,200号申请案中所描述的磁机械系统。这从磁场中拾取能量,将其转换为机械能量,且接着使用法拉第感应定律重新转换为电能量。
根据实施例,磁机械系统可为从交变磁场接收能量的能量接收系统的一部分。
根据实施例,磁机械系统由磁体(例如,永久磁体)形成,所述磁体以允许其在外部交变磁场的力下振荡的方式安装。这将来自磁场的能量变换为机械能量。
假定带电粒子以速度v和磁场H移动。
F=qμ0(v×H)
在实施例中,此振荡使用围绕垂直于磁偶极矩m的向量的轴的转矩,且还定位于磁体的重心中。这实现平衡且因此最小化重力的影响。施加于此系统的磁场产生扭矩
T=μ0(m×H)
此扭矩沿着场向量的方向对准单元磁体的磁偶极矩。扭矩使移动磁体加速,进而将振荡磁能量变换为机械能量。
图2展示基础系统。通过扭转弹簧210将磁体200固持在恰当位置。当不施加来自磁场的扭矩时,此扭转弹簧将磁体固持在展示为201的位置中。此无扭矩位置201被视为θ=0。
磁扭矩致使磁体200逆着弹簧的力移动,其中逆着具有弹簧常数KR的弹簧的力移动到位置202。所述移动形成惯性矩I,其形成在与KR与I的比率的均方根成比例的频率下展现谐振的扭摆。
振荡磁偶极矩造成摩擦损耗和电磁辐射。
如果此系统在系统谐振下受到交变场HAC,那么扭摆将以取决于所施加磁场的强度的角位移数据来振荡。
根据另一实施例,一些或所有扭转弹簧由额外静态磁场HDC替代。此静态磁场经定向以提供扭矩
T=μ0(m×HDC)
另一实施例可使用弹簧和静态磁场两者来固持装置。
使用普通的法拉第感应(例如,发电机原理)将机械能量重新转换为电能量。这可使用(例如)缠绕在磁电系统200周围的感应线圈305,如图3中所示。例如310等负载可连接在线圈305的两端。此负载作为机械电阻出现。所述负载使系统衰减且降低机械振荡器的Q因子。另外,当线圈在其两端具有负载时,磁体中的涡电流可能增加。这些涡电流也将作用于系统损耗。
在实施例中,涡电流由线圈电流引起的交变磁场产生。磁系统中的较小磁体可减小涡电流。根据实施例,使用较小磁体的阵列以便最小化此涡电流效应。
磁机械系统将在磁体的角位移达到峰值的情况下展现饱和。此峰值可根据外部H场的方向或通过存在例如315等移位止动器来保护扭转弹簧以免受塑料变形来确定。这还可受封装(例如用于磁体元件的有限可用空间)所限制。
根据一个实施例,当加载Q变为未加载Q的一半时获得最佳匹配。根据实施例,感应线圈经设计以满足所述条件以最大化输出功率的量。
当使用此类移动磁体的阵列时,在形成所述阵列的磁体之间可能存在相互耦合。此相互耦合可造成内部力和去磁。根据实施例,所述阵列可为径向对称的,例如球状的,规则的或扁长的,如图4A和4B中所示。图4A展示磁化球体的平行通量线。这展示磁通量密度B。图4B展示磁化球体中的磁场强度。从这些图式中可看到,在球状体形三维阵列中的磁体之间实际上存在零位移。
因此,磁体优选地与展示为400的球状体的轴成一直线。这致使内部力对于磁体的角位移而消失。这致使谐振频率单独由机械系统参数界定。球体具有这些有利因素,但也可能具有低至1/3的去磁因子,其中最佳去磁因子为1。假定所有方向上的轴具有相等定向,那么也可使用圆盘形阵列。圆盘具有非常高的磁化因子,例如较接近1。
圆盘的磁化因子将取决于宽度与直径比。成形的元件还具有较适合于集成到装置中的形状因子,因为球状体具有可在不增加结构厚度的情况下较容易使用的平坦部分。
下文是磁机械系统与经典亚铁磁性材料(铁氧体)的比较。亚铁磁性材料或铁氧体可被模拟为磁机械系统,或相反地,磁机械系统可被视为具有经典铁氧体材料可能无法实现的特殊性质的铁氧体。这将在下文中展示:
在亚铁磁性物质中,邻近原子的磁矩如在反铁磁性材料中相对对准,但所述矩不完全补偿,以使得存在净磁矩。然而,这比在可用于永久磁体的铁磁性材料中少。
即使存在较弱的磁效应,这些亚铁磁性材料中的一些材料(称为铁氧体)也具有低导电性。这使得这些材料可用于AC电感器和变压器的芯中,因为所感应的涡电流较低。
还可在由大量小的单元磁体构成的磁机械系统中找到低导电性,所述单元磁体相互电隔离以使得涡电流得以衰减。
结晶铁磁性和亚铁磁性材料通常在还称为韦斯畴的磁畴中构造。畴中的原子经对准以使得产生净磁矩。这些畴可视为磁机械系统的磁体。
在许多磁性材料中,在不同程度上,畴磁化往往沿主要结晶方向中的一者将其自身对准。此方向称为容易磁化方向且代表最小能量状态。在铁氧体材料中,结晶畴的方向可视为随机定向,以使得如果不施加外部磁场,则存在完全消除且宏观级上的所得净磁矩为零。这与其中“单元”磁体同等地定向的磁机械系统相反。
为了在另一(非容易)方向上旋转结晶畴的磁矩,依据旋转角度而需要某种力和功。在亚铁磁性材料受到外部磁场的情况下执行所述功。潜在的物理现象是施加到磁矩的洛伦兹力,如上文描述。
磁机械系统的扭转弹簧(机械的或磁性的)将畴的磁定向设置回到其最小能量状态。在移除外部场的情况下,其可视为磁机械系统的扭转弹簧。由于铁氧体中的结晶畴具有不同形状和大小,因此其呈现不同的弹簧常数。另一实施例使用全部具有相等弹簧常数的基本振荡器。
较强外部场致使较多畴对准或较好对准到外部磁场所给定的方向。此效应称为磁极化。这可算术地表达为
B=μ0H+J=μ0(H+M)=μ0μrH
其中J是磁极化强度,M是磁化强度,且μr是相对导磁率。
磁化效应可视为使用可旋转磁矩将接收位置处的磁通量密度放大因子μr。此磁通量密度局部放大的原理是上文描述的磁机械系统所固有的。因此,相对导磁率可归因于磁机械系统。在谐振系统中,此相对导磁率将为频率的函数且达到接近谐振频率的最大值。
可在铁氧体材料中发生的用于改变畴磁化的另一机制是磁化方向保持相同,但个别畴所占据的体积可改变。此过程称为畴壁运动,磁化方向最接近场方向的畴长大,而较不适宜地定向的畴在尺寸上缩小。
这种种类的磁化过程不同于如上文所述的磁机械系统的磁化过程。如果外部磁场持续增加,那么铁氧体材料将逐渐地被磁化,直到达到饱和点为止。饱和是畴的净磁矩最大程度地对准到外部磁场的状态。
如上文描述的磁机械系统在单元磁体的角位移达到最大峰值角位移时饱和。动态行为在施加交变外部磁场时是不同的。出于此目的,可考虑块铁氧体材料的磁化过程。在考虑铁氧体的典型磁化曲线(M为外部场H的函数)的情况下,可识别三个主要区,其中铁氧体展示不同动态行为。
在低磁化强度下,畴壁移动和旋转为大体可逆的。可逆意味着当外部场增加且接着再次减小到其原始场强度时可返回原始磁化条件,而非滞后效应。
磁化曲线的第二区是其中磁化斜坡(M对H)较大且其中发生不可逆的畴壁运动的区。
曲线的第三区段是不可逆畴旋转的区段。此处,斜坡非常平坦,从而指示旋转与外部磁场成一直线的剩余畴磁化所需要的高场强度。
不可逆畴壁运动或畴旋转解释磁化曲线中由所有铁氧体以较明显或较不明显的方式呈现的众所周知的滞后现象。滞后现象意味着磁化或电感B相对于外部磁场落后。因而,给定场H处的电感B无法在不知道铁氧体样本的先前磁历史的情况下指定。因此,滞后现象可视为材料所固有的记忆力。
滞后回路中所包括的区域是循环磁化过程中引发的磁损耗的指标,例如由交变外部磁场引起。
相对于无线能量转移的应用,将要求把铁氧体至少驱动到第二磁化区中,其中滞后损耗通常变得显著。例如对于通信接收器天线来说,此要求是不同的。然而,此处不再进一步展示此要求。
在较高频率下,可在铁氧体材料中识别两个主要损耗因素:
-归因于不可逆畴改变的滞后损耗;以及
-归因于铁氧体中的残余传导性的涡电流损耗。滞后损耗与频率成比例地增加,因为用以围绕滞后回路循环一次的能量与速度无关。涡电流损耗具有加宽滞后回路的效应。
如上文所述的使用扭转弹簧的磁机械系统在很大程度上是无滞后现象的,其中关注不可逆效应。在较高频率下,还必须预期涡电流损耗。在较低频率(<<1MHz)下,磁机械系统具有在接近饱和的级别下提供高Q因子的潜力。
对于交变场,铁氧体芯材料可由其复导磁率表征
μ=μ′+jμ″
实数和虚数部分代表分别与外部场同相和正交的磁化的导磁率。
在针对铁氧体材料的数据表中通常可发现标绘有所述两个导磁率的曲线。通常,实数分量随着频率相当恒定,在较高频率下稍微上升,接着快速下降。另一方面,在实数分量急剧下降的情况下,虚数分量首先缓慢上升且接着非常突然地增加。
在切断之前不久发生的μ最大值是亚铁磁性谐振。亚铁磁性谐振是铁氧体材料的固有性质,且可视为可使用所述材料的上部频率。还观测到,材料的导磁率μ越高,亚铁磁性谐振的频率就越低。此谐振现象指示畴旋转、反扭矩(弹簧)和某种惯性矩。可展示,谐振频率取决于所谓的旋磁比。
铁氧体展示类似于磁机械系统的谐振,然而具有太低的Q因子以使得此效应无法在技术上利用以获得在指定频率下具有高导磁率μ的材料。
在某些铁氧体材料(例如,钇铁石榴石)受到强静态磁场的情况下,可在在微波频率(>1GHz)下在所述材料中观测到具有高Q因子(高达10,000)的旋磁谐振。基于电子自旋进动的此效应可用以构建例如循环器、绝缘体、高Q滤波器和振荡器等微波组件。然而,使用微波范围中的耦合磁谐振的非辐射性能量转移将被限于极其短的射程。
旋磁谐振可在原子级别处视为磁机械系统。然而,差异是磁矩正围绕静态磁场的场线进动而非轴向振荡。然而,在两种情况下,存在移动磁矩和角位移。
因此,可看到,磁机械系统可使用亚铁磁性和旋磁性作为其能量转移的部分。
磁机械系统可由单个永久磁体形成或由大量(阵列)单元磁体形成。理论分析展示:
·磁矩与惯性矩的比随着单元磁体的数目而增加。此比率类似于从铁磁性得知的旋磁比。
·磁机械系统的性能随此矩的比率而增加,这是磁机械系统的性能的优值
其中Pav表示在最佳匹配的条件下可用的功率,HAC是外部交变磁场强度,且Vs是磁机械系统所需要的体积。此优值(称为比功率转换因子)指示在悬摆垂直于激励磁场的方向定向的情况下可从交变磁场HAC′提取每单位系统体积多少功率。
使用具有长度lem的棒形磁体的假设的理论分析展示对于给定系统Q因子和操作频率,比功率转换因子与lem 2成反比例地增加;且因此,与Ne 2/3成反比例地增加,其中Ne为装配到单位系统体积中的基本振荡器的数目。此等式不适用于饱和状态中的项,这意味着扭摆的角位移不受止动器限制。这是非常有意思的结果,指示单元磁体阵列优于单个振荡磁体的优点。
比较高的比功率转换因子在系统饱和的情况下具有较低的场强度。
由于饱和的缘故,在给定频率下,存在每单位系统体积可用功率的上限,这取决于
·最大峰值角位移θpeak
·外部交变磁场的强度HAC。
理论展示此上限随着HAC′而线性增加。此上限是磁机械系统的重要设计参数。还展示存在设计磁机械系统的某种自由度,只要比率
保持恒定,其中QUL是磁机械系统的未加载Q因子。
以上分析展示使用微磁机械振荡器阵列使得能够设计具有比可在实践中用单个宏振荡器获得的任何性能好的性能的系统。宏观大小的振荡器将需要无法在机械系统中实现的极其高的Q因子。
另一实施例使用微机电系统(MEMS)来创建磁机械系统。图5展示使用MEMS技术形成磁机械振荡器阵列的一个实施例。
阵列500可由例如502等许多磁体元件形成。每一磁体元件502由两个U形狭槽512、514形成,所述狭槽被微机械加工到硅衬底中。具有类似尺寸的永久棒形磁体504、506形成在所述狭槽中。磁体可为10μm或更小。在微米级处,结晶材料可以与较大尺寸不同的方式来起作用。因此,此系统可提供相当大的角位移,例如高达10°。这可提供增加此类系统的Q因子的能力。
磁体本身可大约为10μm或更小。这些装置可以例如硅等单个块材料形成。磁体504、506可具有例如高于1特斯拉的高磁化强度。
磁体本身由两个半片构成,一片附接到上侧且另一片附接到下侧。优选地,这些装置经安装以使得重心与旋转轴重合。
所述装置可用低摩擦材料覆盖,或可具有位于舌状物与块材料之间的区域中的真空,以便降低摩擦力。
图6展示三维磁体阵列的切开区域。在一个实施例中,阵列本身形成为径向对称形状,例如圆盘形。图6的圆盘形阵列600可在几乎所有位移角处提供几乎恒定的去磁因子。在此实施例中,感应线圈可缠绕在圆盘周围以拾取MEMS磁机械系统所产生的振荡感应场的动态分量。所述系统的所得动态分量可表达为
mx(t)=|m|·sinθ(t)·ex
图7说明感应线圈可如何缠绕在圆盘周围。
用于每单位系统体积的可通过磁机械系统转移的功率的算术等式可根据以下各项导出
·系统参数,例如几何形状(例如,基本振荡器的尺寸或数目)
·材料性质
·频率
·外部交变磁场强度
用于最大可用功率的等式是根据磁机械振荡器的有限角位移和Q因子的约束来确定。
这些等式分析磁机械系统的潜力且找到最佳设计参数。
主要系统参数是与所述集合的任何其它参数无关且因此无法表达为另一参数的函数的参数。
为了分析所述系统,已选择了以下集合的主要参数:
Vs:磁机械系统的体积[m3]。
lem:单元棒形磁体的长度[m]
ρem:单元磁体的长度与半径比
υem:单元磁体的以[m3/kg]为单位的比体积
Hem:Hem:单元磁体的内部磁场强度[A/m]
α:填充因数(总磁体积与系统体积的比)
QUL:机械谐振器的未加载Q因子。其包括归因于机械摩擦力、辐射和归因于从机械向电能量的转换的损耗。
θpeak:机械谐振器所支持的磁棒的最大峰值位移角度[rad]fo:谐振频率[Hz]
HAC:外部施加的交变磁场[A/m]
Pav_mech:可用的机械功率。(进入负载的最大功率)
次要系统参数和物理量包括:
Γs:动态旋转摩擦力(角速度与扭矩成比例),其表示所有系统损耗[kg m2s-1]。其为QUL、和I的函数,且包括归因于机械摩擦力、辐射和归因于从机械向电能量的转换的损耗。
Γt:负载等效动态旋转摩擦力[kgm2s-1]。
θ:位移角度[rad]
在由电感、电容和电阻构成的线性电系统与由扭转弹簧、惯性矩和动态摩擦力(角速度与扭矩成比例)形成的旋转机械系统之间存在类似。表1中展示此类似。
表1
下文展示等式的推导。根据谐振条件,可获得扭转弹簧常数:
Kr=(2πf0)2I
假设最佳匹配条件
ΓL=Γs
可用此磁电换能器(感应线圈加负载)实现。根据Q因子等式(见表1),动态摩擦力变成:
使用以上界定的参数,单元磁体的磁矩可表达为:
m=Vem·Hem
且惯性矩:
基于以上众所周知的扭矩等式,驱动扭矩的RMS值变成:
应用基尔霍夫节点定律提供电路中的扭矩之间的以下关系。
在谐振频率下,根据定义得到:
因此
且根据匹配条件:
每基本系统的可用机械功率现可简单地表达为:
使用以上等式,可获得可从整个磁机械系统获得的总功率的以下关系
此等式指示,对于给定QUL和频率,可用功率与单元棒形磁体的长度成反比例地增加(忽略所得角位移)。对于基本振荡器的峰值角位移,得到:
指示在给定Q因子和频率下的峰值角位移与单元棒形磁体的长度成反比例地增加,因此对外部磁场强度HAC且因此还对可从外部磁场提取的功率设置一些约束。引入最大角位移约束导致频率-磁体长度乘积的关系:
使用对峰值角位移的约束(饱和),可获得最大可用功率的有意思的等式:
此等式还可根据磁机械系统的总磁矩mtot和外部磁感应BAC来表达,如下:
此等式不再取决于棒形磁体的Q因子及长度,其指示磁机械系统的设计中的某种自由度。然而,这些参数对于峰值角位移θpeak为隐藏的或隐含的。
最大可用功率随着频率线性地增加。此行为也可在直接基于法拉第感应定律的系统中找到。
用以量化磁机械系统的性能的有用定义是已经描述的比功率转换因子。
以及饱和场强度:
系统可经设计以获得高kc,其以较低饱和级别折衷。
相反,系统可经设计以获得较高饱和级别,其以较低kc折衷。
数值实例
对于数值实例,假定以下参数:
Vs=4·10-6m3(=4cm3等效于直径为4cm且厚度为3.1mm的圆盘)
υem=131.6·10-6m3/kg
Hem=1T/μ0A/m
α=0.25
QUL=1000
θpeak=0.175rad(=10°)
主要关注的频率为f=135kHz,
主要关注的场强度为HAC=5A/m
功率在理论上随着频率而线性地增加。然而,必须注意,在较高频率下,功率可额外受例如系统中的最大储存振荡能量、机械应力等其它因数限制。这在此分析中不考虑。
针对不同长度的单元磁体计算作为外部交变磁场强度的函数的可用功率。
使用具有20μm长度的棒形磁体的系统在近似2.5W下饱和,而使用10μm棒长度的系统在约600mW的较低值下饱和。然而,10μm系统比使用20μm棒的系统敏感(较高的比功率转换因子)。这可在5A/m的场强度下核查。
基于此实例,可看到具有4cm直径和3mm厚度的圆盘形系统可在135kHz下从5安/米的磁场中提取高达260mW。
虽然上文已经详细揭示了仅几个实施例,但其它实施例也是可能的,且发明人希望这些实施例涵盖在本说明书内。说明书描述用以实现可以另一方式实现的较一般目标的具体实例。本揭示内容既定为示范性的,且权利要求书既定涵盖所属领域的技术人员可能可预测到的任何修改或替代。举例来说,可使用其它尺寸、材料和连接。可使用其它结构来接收磁场。一般来说,可使用电场来代替磁场作为主要耦合机制。可使用其它种类的磁体和其它形状的阵列。
而且,发明人希望仅使用词“用于...的装置”的那些权利要求既定根据35USC112第六节来解释。此外,不希望来自说明书的任何限制对任何权利要求添加另外的意义,除非这些限制明确地包含于权利要求中。
在本文提到特定数字值的情况下,应考虑,所述值可增加或减少20%,同时仍保留在本申请案的教示内,除非具体提到某种不同的范围。在使用指定的逻辑意义的情况下,还既定涵盖相反的逻辑意义。
Claims (31)
1.一种无线功率转移系统,其包含:
磁机械振荡器阵列,每一振荡器包含磁对称部分和啮合到所述磁对称部分的扭悬;以及
感应线圈,其形成于所述阵列周围,且电磁地耦合到所述振荡器以产生由与所述振荡器的电磁耦合造成的电流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述磁机械振荡器中的每一者为MEMS装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述扭悬响应于磁场。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述扭悬包括磁场且还包括机械弹簧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述磁对称部分为径向对称的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述磁对称部分是圆盘形的,其具有横截面为圆形的第一部分,且其中所述圆盘具有直径以及比所述直径小的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述振荡器阵列被布置为圆盘形状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中每一所述振荡器具有小于10μm的尺寸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述感应线圈以感应的方式从所述振荡器接收能量。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述扭悬包含弹簧,所述弹簧正常偏置在第一角度位置,且由所述电磁耦合移动到另一个角度位置。
11.一种无线功率转移系统,其包含:
磁元件,其以可移动方式安装;
静态磁场源,所述静态磁场位于迫使所述磁元件朝向指定旋转位置的区域中,所述静态磁场足够弱以允许所述磁元件在所施加磁场的影响下移动;以及
电产生部分,其基于所述磁元件逆着所述静态磁场的所述移动产生电输出。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述静态磁场包含场,所述场是抵抗所述磁元件的移动的唯一力。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其进一步包含弹簧,所述弹簧也减少且抵抗所述磁元件的移动。
14.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述磁元件可旋转地安装。
15.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述磁元件为径向对称的。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述磁元件为圆盘形的,其具有横截面为圆形的第一部分,且其中所述圆盘具有直径以及比所述直径小的厚度。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述磁元件为磁元件阵列的一部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其进一步包含感应线圈作为所述电产生部分,所述感应线圈为所述磁元件阵列的所述元件中的每一者所共有。
19.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中所述元件阵列被布置为圆盘形状。
20.一种无线功率转移方法,其包含:
基于所施加功率,致使磁机械振荡器阵列的每一元件逆着扭悬的力移动磁元件;
在单个线圈结构中产生电流,所述电流是由与所述振荡器的电磁耦合造成的;以及
输出所述电流以用于产生输出功率。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述磁机械振荡器中的每一者包含MEMS装置阵列。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其进一步包含使用固定磁场作为所述扭悬。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其进一步包含使用固定磁场和机械弹簧两者作为所述扭悬。
24.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中每一所述振荡器具有小于10μm的尺寸。
25.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述线圈为感应线圈。
26.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述线圈以感应的的方式从所述振荡器接收能量。
27.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述扭悬包含弹簧,所述弹簧正常偏置在第一角度位置,且由所述电磁耦合移动到另一个角度位置。
28.一种无线功率转移系统,其包含:
至少一个磁机械振荡器,每一振荡器包含磁部分和耦合到所述磁部分的扭悬,所述振荡器在所述扭悬上移动,其中所述扭悬包括弹簧;
感应线圈,其电磁地耦合到所述振荡器以产生由与移动振荡器的电磁耦合造成的电流;以及
止动器,其保护扭悬弹簧。
29.根据权利要求28所述的系统,其进一步包含控制电路,其用于接收电流以产生输出功率。
30.根据权利要求28所述的系统,其中多个所述磁机振荡器形成阵列。
31.根据权利要求28所述的系统,其中所述振荡器包含U形狭槽的磁元件。
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- 2008-10-13 CN CN201410161890.4A patent/CN103904787B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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KR20130001333A (ko) | 2013-01-03 |
JP5694469B2 (ja) | 2015-04-01 |
KR20140010170A (ko) | 2014-01-23 |
KR20100063823A (ko) | 2010-06-11 |
EP2208279A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
KR101312215B1 (ko) | 2013-09-27 |
JP5362733B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
JP2011501636A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
KR20140102778A (ko) | 2014-08-22 |
US8373514B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
JP2014018066A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
WO2009049281A3 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
US20090167449A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
KR101414404B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 |
WO2009049281A2 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
KR101606664B1 (ko) | 2016-03-25 |
CN103904787B (zh) | 2017-06-06 |
KR101507265B1 (ko) | 2015-03-30 |
EP2208279A2 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
CN101842963A (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
CN103904787A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
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