CN102341985B - 具有装置功率符合性的无线充电系统 - Google Patents
具有装置功率符合性的无线充电系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种在多个次级装置的组合功率请求超出电源的功率容量的那些情形下控制感应式充电系统的方法。所述方法包括以下中的至少一项：（a）在低于其所请求水平的水平下为每一个装置供电；（b）顺序地为每一个装置供电；和/或（c）按照重复模式（例如时间复用）为每一个装置供电。还公开了一种至少部分地根据接收自每一个次级装置的功率管理单元（PMU）的信息来控制感应式充电系统的方法。
Description
本申请涉及2009年1月6日提交的标题为“Metered Delivery of Wireless Power（无线功率的计量递送）”的美国申请号12/349,355，即现在的美国专利号 ，其通过引用被合并。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线功率系统，并且更具体来说涉及能够同时为多个装置供电的这样的系统。
背景技术
无线功率或充电系统是公知的并且被广泛使用。这样的系统通常包括初级电源以及一个或更多次级装置。当把次级装置带到与初级（primary）邻近时，初级为次级装置感应地供电。
虽然这样的系统是公知的，但是若干潜在问题与这样的系统相关联。
首先，通常根据要从电源吸取的功率，针对具体应用确定每一个初级电源的大小。当次级装置的功率需求大于初级电源的功率容量时出现问题。次级装置可能关机，或者次级装置可能尝试在降低的可用功率水平下充电，这对于所述装置来说可能是不适当的。通常，任一结果在没有向用户的反馈或警告的情况下发生。因此，所述装置可能被不当充电或者根本没有被充电。
其次，通常对于多个次级装置需要多个电源——即每一个装置对应一个电源。这可能导致多个电源，所述多个电源在储存、使用以及与次级装置匹配方面是昂贵且困难的。
发明内容
在本发明中克服了前面提到的问题，其中所述无线功率系统内的各个组件彼此传送功率需求和能力，使得可以管理功率符合性（power compliance）。更具体来说，每一个次级装置可以与无线电源进行通信以提供每一个装置的功率需求的指示；相反，电源可以与每一个次级装置进行通信以提供所述电源的功率容量的指示。
无线功率控制随后可以在电源和次级单元之间解决分配需求。如果次级装置的功率需求超出系统容量，则所述控制可以提供警报。所述控制还实现在降低的功率水平下充电。如果将多个次级装置带到所述充电系统中，则所述控制可以在装置之间分配功率。
因此，本发明在无线充电系统内提供增强的功率符合性。所述系统提供功率容量与功率需求之间的失配的指示，并且还提供多个装置之间的功率分配以使得能够使用单个电源对多个装置进行充电。
参照对当前实施例和附图的描述，将更加全面地理解和认识本发明的这些和其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的无线功率或充电系统的示意图；
图1.5是针对无线功率控制的状态图；
图2是根据本发明的第一实施例构造的无线充电系统的示意图；
图3是所述无线充电系统的电源侧的示意图；
图4是所述无线充电系统的示意图，其中第三线传送模拟数据；
图4.5是所述无线充电系统的示意图，示出了被用来在初级与次级之间传送信息的通信；
图4.6是示出了所述电源的第一替换实施例的示意图；
图4.7是初级的第二替换实施例的示意图；
图4.8是所述无线充电系统的第三替换实施例的示意图；
图4.85、4.86和4.87是功率记账和通信协议的示意图；
图4.9是初级的另一个替换实施例的示意图；
图5是示出了如何由所述无线电源调和（reconcile）功率的示意图；
图6是把装置的放置用作充电序列的优先级的功率分配系统的示意图；
图7是通过理解来自每一个装置的功率比来管理功率分配的功率分配系统的示意图；
图8示出了用以选择电源的瓦特数的模拟输出表的实例；
图9是初级源A与次级装置B之间的数据序列；
图10示出了可以通过触摸或声音而理解的基本反馈机制；
图11示出了提供结果和事件的放置序列表；
图12是提供四单元充电器的初级的第五替换实施例的示意图；
图13示出了如何可以把附加容量添加到图12的初级；以及
图14是提供对功率波动的进一步改进的控制、调节和预测的无线充电系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
现有技术的无线充电系统10在图1中示出并且包括无线电源（WPS）12和便携式次级装置14。无线电源12又包括整流器16、DC/DC转换器18、逆变器20、电容器22、感应线圈24以及控制26。便携式装置14包括次级线圈30、电容器32、整流器34、DC/DC转换器36以及负载38。当次级线圈30被带到与初级线圈24邻近时并且当初级线圈被供电时，建立感应链路；并且在次级线圈中感应出电压。至此所描述的无线充电系统10是公知的，并且其结构和功能不需要进一步详细描述。
功率系统比如图1中所示的功率系统通常需要用户理解并记住哪些装置与哪些电源一起工作。具有不同功率容量但是也具有相同连接器的两个不同电源可以物理连接到相同装置。然而，将不正确的电源与装置一起使用可能潜在地导致故障或不当操作。用户只有通过某种类型的故障模式来获知这样的故障或不当操作，比如对装置的过度供电或者未对装置充电。
本发明使得功率系统和次级装置能够彼此进行通信并且能够可配置以及管理系统的各个组件之间的功率符合性。
在过去，功率系统依赖于用户知晓并理解哪些装置与电源一起工作。具有相同连接器的两个不同电源可以容易地连接到相同装置。这可能潜在地导致故障或不当操作。用户只有通过故障模式来知晓这一点。
本发明试图通过允许功率系统进行通信并且可配置来解决这个问题。装置可以与电源进行通信，并且电源和装置全都向用户进行传送。
电源符合性
电源和无线电源都分别传送容量并且可以解决功率分配需求。来自远程电源或内部电源的信息被传送到无线功率控制。所述系统被设计成通过初级到次级通信的方式向用户报警装置需要比无线电源和主电源能够提供的更多的功率。
初级到次级通信
存在将信息从初级传送到次级的多种方式，例如正如本申请中所公开的那样。一些方法涉及大约1%到2%的小功率方差来调制简单信号。其他方法在短时间段内完全停止振荡以发送非常基本的信号。这些基本通信实现以下特征：
针对授权充电的初级请求——开账单
针对适当充电的认证——认证握手
没有足够的功率可用于该装置——小于所需瓦特数可用
针对充电的序列的通信——下一个充电——顺序上第二充电
装置的配置——静音、振动、无线电关闭
与标准不符合。
较小电源为多个装置充电
作为一个实例，本发明使得单个五瓦特电源能够顺序地为几个五瓦特装置充电。每一个装置传送充电比（功率输入相对随时间所使用的功率）以及对充电的需要（当前容量）。利用来自每一个装置的这些比，可以对充电进行分解和定序，从而允许许多装置通过非常有限的充电而具有适当的功率。这种方法就像按照需要围绕桌子传递充电线缆一样，但只是无线地这样做。一种示例性使用是具有几台膝上型计算机的会议桌子。每次只有一台膝上型计算机实际上需要充电。所述定序消除了对具有在最大功率下涵盖所有装置的瓦特数的能力的需要并且降低了实现成本。
利用功率管理接口的无线功率增强
所述无线电源包括功率管理单元。在现有技术中，系统包括被接通和关断的背光照明、无线电、硬盘驱动器、GSM脉冲等等，电源被设计成对这些系统做出反应并且提供稳定的功率。本发明使用来自系统的、何时系统的需要功率的各方面被接通和关断的知识来高效地管理控制，这是通过基于功率影响来预测改变百分比而实现的。这一知识允许电源直接对该需要做出反应。在现有技术的系统中，比例积分微分（PID）控制环路通过消除多趟（pass）循环而节省时间；并且所述系统可以更加快速地做出响应。通过连接次级装置的功率管理单元（PMU）以及为每一个负载指定误差值，可以容易地将负载中的改变总和从功率管理单元传输到次级无线功率控制并且随后传送到无线电源以改进环路反应时间。
一般控制描述
基于误差的控制模式允许在次级控制接口（SCI）与初级控制接口（PCI）之间的控制环路配置。PCI对来自SCI的控制误差反馈分组做出响应以确定为达到操作点所需要的调节。这提供了很大的设计自由度。可以在次级侧实现各种类型的控制。算法的实例包括恒定电流、恒定电压或者恒定功率。图1.5中的状态图阐述了在这种控制方法中所使用的算法。
预测性PID控制
可以在无线功率初级控制与次级接收器及功率管理系统之间协调PID系统误差和定时。表1示出了如何可以使用该定时和功率来制定将所需要的附加所需功率以及被用来协调这些系统的最小定时。作为实例示出了任意的电流和定时。可以针对最佳总体系统性能预先测量这些数值并且将其存储在次级系统中以与功率管理系统进行协调。
表1. 便携式装置的功率管理表，示出了在需要启用LCD、GSM和蓝牙时所使用的控制数值。
随后利用所测量的数值加上作为表1的总和的新控制数值的总和来计算线圈电流设定点。这通过限制过程控制所需的循环次数而允许系统具有更快得多的控制。该粗调控制通过限制PID做出响应所需的时间而允许较少的波纹，因为这允许预测性和反应性输入。
表2. 初级和次级侧功率管理协调的控制定时。应当注意，对于控制可以考虑每一个系统的功率控制的等待时间。
PID控制
所述控制算法使用一种PID控制方法。所述PID控制算法并非连续运行，因为这更有可能导致破坏的数据通信。相反，所述PID算法尝试在对控制反馈分组（CFP）的接收之间把初级线圈电流改变到所计算的操作点。
SCI优选地不在其中PID算法活动的时间期间尝试通信。控制误差反馈分组之间的最小定时被定义在装置ID有效载荷内。
在表3中代表了通用PID控制器。在PCI内再造该数学。
表3. 通用PID控制器。
新线圈电流计算
通过A/D对由所述PID控制环路使用的PCI线圈电流信号进行采样，并且计算滚动平均值。每当从SCI接收到非零控制误差反馈分组时，所述算法使用以下的等式来计算新的目标PCI线圈电流：
线圈电流设定点= （2）
“反馈误差”被定义为由SCI发送的控制误差分组的有效载荷：
反馈误差=反应性误差+预测性误差
如果反馈误差为零，则PID控制环路未运行，因为对操作点的调节是不必要的。
“先前设定点”被定义为针对PID环路的初始运行的最近稳定的初级线圈电流或者在调节之后的上一次稳定的初级线圈电流。
“最大误差计数”被定义为可以由SCI报告的最大误差。在当前实施例中，这处在+/-127的范围内。
所述线圈电流在激活PID之前返回到稳定状态，使得误差计算是准确的并且频率调节的所需次数被最小化。在接收到来自SCI的数据分组之后，所述算法等待线圈电流稳定，其由“PID延迟时间”参数确定。正确的延迟时间段是基于PCI线圈电流在数据通信之后返回到其稳定状态所需要的最大时间量以及反馈信号到初级A/D的滤波器延迟。
进行以下的计算以获得新的操作点：
所计算的误差=先前设定点 － 线圈电流设定点 （2）。
比例计算
在下面的等式中计算所述算法的比例项。
P比例项=所计算的误差*K （3）。
积分计算
在下面的等式中计算所述算法的积分项。
其中，积分更新间隔是基于所期望的积分率的增益调节。使用积分上限和积分下限参数来控制饱和（wind-up）。
导数计算
在下面的等式中计算所述算法的导数项。
其中，导数更新间隔是基于所期望的微分率的增益调节。
总PID计算
总PID计算是所述比例项、积分项与导数项的总和。
PID输出=比例项+积分项+导数项 （6）
使用PID输出上限和PID输出下限参数来控制最大输出。
更新后的操作点计算
在下面的等式中计算最终频率调节。
“增益校正因数”将谐振曲线划分成逐段线性函数。
“PID缩放因数”被用来帮助做PID计算中的整数数学。
一旦“PID延迟时间”到期，所述PID环路主动尝试在“PID活动时间”期间使用上面的等式将PCI线圈电流带到新的目标设定点。
最后，在“PID安定时间”期间禁止PID控制，使得可以由初级记录PCI线圈电流的精确读数，并且由SCI记录电压或电流的精确读数。
基于误差的控制环路定时
在基于误差的控制环路的PID活动时间期间初级线圈频率调节之间的最大所分配时间是4毫秒（ms）。将该控制环路与用于供电系统的功率管理系统和控制定时进行协调。结合功率管理系统和定时控制来传送所述误差和通信。由初级无线电源使用来自所述表的功率和控制等待时间数值来控制和协调定时。初级和次级系统基于由所操纵的功率增量总和的最大值所共享的数值来协调所述定时。
当前实施例是一种使用误差控制的方式，并且本领域技术人员将认识到，可以按照许多方式来使用所描述的方法以协调无线功率控制和装置功率管理。
图2示出了一种系统，其中电源、无线电源和次级装置全都向所述装置调和功率。线缆218提供电源212与无线电源214之间的硬连线连接。无线电源214和无线功率装置216像现有技术中那样感应地耦合。
通过模拟电压、数字信号或频率调制的方式将DC电源212的瓦特数传送到无线电源214。所述无线电源包括控制220和指示器222。无线电源214接收来自电源212的功率容量信息以及来自次级装置216的装置功率需求。
次级216包括次级装置控制224和指示器226。次级装置216接收来自无线电源214的系统功率容量信息并且可以响应于该信息进行充电或表明不兼容性。
有可能的是，电源212具有低于无线电源214的电压和/或功率容量。在这样的情况下，无线功率控制220对其自身进行配置，使得其能够只供应接收自电源212的功率。
还有可能的是，电源214的电压和/或功率容量小于次级装置216的电压或功率需求。在这样的情况下，在指示器222和/或226上表明错误信号。此外，次级装置控制224可以关于是否根本不充电或者是否在降低的可用功率水平下充电做出决定。响应于装置控制224的决定，无线功率控制220可以对其自身进行配置，以根本不提供功率或者在次级装置控制224所请求的水平下提供功率。
相应地，图2的系统210实现了：1）次级装置216与无线电源214之间的功率符合性；2）次级装置216与无线电源214之间的通信；3）用于为多个装置充电的较小无线电源；以及4）装置的PMU的使用。
图3示出了所述电源如何使用第三线来把可用功率从电源312传送到无线电源314。该配置使用数据信号来向无线电源314传送功率数据。第三线319将电源312的功率控制电路328与无线电源314的驱动控制324直接连接。
图4示出了传送代表可从电源412获得的功率的模拟数据的第三线419。相应地，图4中的系统410是图3中所示的系统310的模拟实现方式。正如先前实施例中那样，通过模拟电压、数据信号或频率的方式来传送瓦特数。并且电源412向无线电源414传送功率容量。
图4.5中所示的系统410示出了被用来将来自电源412和无线电源414的信息传送到次级装置（未示出）的通信。所述通信使用远程电源412、连接器419和表来考虑（regard）适当的可用功率，以将功率调制在预期水平的1%到2%内。电源412如430处所示的那样改变干线电压，并且无线电源414作为响应如432处所示的那样调制初级信号以提供与次级装置的通信。因此，将初级侧通信通过通信或控制电压从命令信号调制到可编程电源从而导致变化。
图4.6示出了无线电源414a，其中电源被嵌入到无线电源中并且将初级干线电压调制用于简单命令。基于所述命令信号将功率改变百分之一或二。所述变化可以是正的或负的。
图4.7示出了包括初级线圈旁路（shunt）434的无线电源414b。所述旁路被用来改变初级线圈处的电压以传送到次级装置。
图4.8示出了使用基于频率的控制器来提供频率调制（FM）的通信版本的无线电源414a。命令信号436、初级驱动信号438和调制的初级驱动信号440全都示为在时间上对准，以示出通信期间的信号变化。还示出了示例性ASCII代码442。使用所示出的实施例，单个查找表可以提供对多个次级装置（比如膝上型计算机）的管理。此外，可以对充电进行定序以“同时”为多个装置充电。
图4.85、4.86和4.87示出了特别在向消费者传送无线功率方面相关的附加实施例。这些实施例还使得无线功率潜在地更加可用，因为五瓦特初级可以为计算机充电——虽然其将需要较长时间段来这样做。此外，可以在充电期间关断所述计算机以更快地充电。优选地，在知晓了所述能力和需求并且相应地传送及协商了这些之后，每一个次级装置内的功率控制系统将按照需要关断系统。此外，在不需要附加的标示（signage）或解释的情况下将该信息直接传送给用户，实现了向用户提供适于理解功能极限的信息的简单“盲”接口。如4.87中所示的简单标志可以代表要从无线功率系统收集的大量附加信息。
此外，图4.85还示出了需要附加的电流以恢复非常低电量（low）电池的系统。所述系统可以通过暂停其他充电来提高所需功率，从而允许应对低电量电池或附加的系统需求。这种动态负载管理系统使用无线功率和通信。
图4.9示出了一种功率调制的通信方法，其允许初级控制器在指定时间段内停止驱动信号以发送基本信息。在次级向无线电源发送标识串之后，通过功率传输脉冲对初级侧通信进行调制。在图中的左下角示出了示例性脉冲。
图5示出了其中由无线电源514调和功率的系统510。系统510允许如所示出的那样驱动及利用较少的电源组件和能力。这些系统可以自配置并且向装置传送关于充电的容量和可用性。电源瓦特数W由电源控制器513通过模拟电压、数据信号或频率调制的方式传送到无线电源514。WPS 514接收来自电源控制器513的DC功率容量以及来自次级装置控制器524的装置功率需求。次级装置控制524接收来自无线功率控制520的系统功率容量信息。次级装置控制器可以充电和/或在装置功率需求超出系统能力的情况下表明不兼容性。预设的功率数值可以被硬编程或者存储在电源512、无线电源514或装置516的非易失性存储器系统中。这些数值例如可以代表工厂测试极限，并且该信息可以使得所述系统和用户能够理解系统容量。
图6概括了功率分配系统610，其将把装置放置成与初级邻近用作充电序列的优先级。如果两个装置被放置在其容量不足以同时为两个装置充电的衬垫上，则将为一个次级装置充电。当功率可用于下一个单元时，它随后也将开始充电。所述系统在系统极限内管理功率分配。
充电的定序取决于各装置被放置在WPS 614上的序列。当充电容量变为可用时，例如当第一个或后续的装置充好电时，可用的附加容量可以被用来为第二个和/或后续的装置充电。
如果无线功率控制的容量C小于次级装置X的组合需求，则在次级装置上和/或由WPS 614提供警报。在这样的情况下，为第一装置充电，并且只有在容量变得可用时后续装置接收功率。可替换地，所述算法可以被修改成还考虑到一个或更多次级装置616上的电池的状态。所述容量信息或电池状态也可以被用作优先充电指示器。例如，如果电池处于较低电量或临界状态，则该状况或状态可能影响优先级。这一特征在无线电源内可以是用户可选择的。
图7示出了所述系统的又一种修改，其中由无线功率控制720至少部分地响应于来自每一个次级装置716a-c的功率比来管理来自无线电源714的功率分配。该实施例例如使得单个膝上型计算机充电器能够为许多膝上型计算机充电，这是通过理解充电状况以及通过基于充电比相对放电来轮转充电而实现的。例如，如果三台膝上型计算机具有2.5的充电比，则可以为每一台充电15分钟并且得到45分钟的使用。这种方法将实现所有三个单元的15分钟循环，从而与装置特定的充电器相比消耗较少的总体功率并且允许较低成本的解决方案。
功率比是如何计算最小充电时间。较低电量电池取得优先级并且需要较长的充电时间以防止深循环。充电状态最差的电池首先开始充电。在该实施例中所讨论的具体充电比和供电时间仅仅是说明性的。现有的次级装置716能够监测其各自的充电循环。
图8示出了被用来选择电源的瓦特数以实现所述模拟控制方法的模拟输出的实例。图4中所示的控制线419载送由图8的表中所示的电阻器配置所选择的模拟信号。电压被缩放，并且该表被用来基于线419上的模拟选择电压而向无线电源424表明所述电源的瓦特数容量。优选的方法是数字通信信号以得到极限以及容量信息的更好分辨率。
图9示出了无线电源214与装置216之间的数据序列。在无线电源内，系统通电901，并且读取次级装置所请求的瓦特数。如果装置存在902，则读取其装置标识903。如果不存在装置902，则所述系统继续监测充电器904。如果已检测到装置标识符903，则将该装置标识发送904到所述次级装置。如果没有检测到装置标识，则所述系统进入待机模式906，直到装置瓦特数大于或等于负载为止；并且所述系统表明所述负载不兼容。
在次级装置内，如果所述装置是兼容的907，则该次级装置被供电和/或被充电908。如果所述装置不兼容，则关于是否可以在较低速率下为该装置充电做出决定909。如果所述装置不能在较低速率下充电，则所述装置和/或WPS表明不兼容性910。如果所述装置能够在较低速率下充电，则在该较低速率下为所述装置供电908。
图10示出了包括触摸和/或声音的基本反馈机制。当用户正在驾驶时和/或当所述装置被放下以充电时，该实施例可能是合乎期望的。这种方法允许与用户的较少交互以及关于适当和不当容量的正反馈。
如图10中所示，触觉反馈错误的当前实施例是三次振动，其中在所述三次振动的每一次之间有延迟。表明可接受状况的触觉反馈是单次振动。当然，可以使用其他的振动次数和/或模式。这些模式将不同于振铃、SMS或电子邮件指示器。在便携式电话中使用的当前振动电机可以容易用于这样的反馈装置，其可以在无需看到指示器的情况下表明兼容性或不兼容性。这在机动车或驾驶环境中是特别有利的。
如图10中还所示，可以通过声音的方式来提供反馈，比如具有特定强度（响度）、频率（音高）、间隔（模式）以及音质（宏亮度）的啸叫（beep）和/或音调。随着次级更加靠近初级，所述频率、音量、模式和/或音质可以改变。示例性错误信号可能在低音与高音之间交替。如同触觉反馈，可能为可接受匹配的指示提供单声啸叫，而可能通过多声啸叫（比如三声啸叫）来指示不兼容性的指示。如果在次级装置和/或WPS上提供了LED或其他视觉指示器，则一种可能的兼容性指示是连续照明视觉指示器，而不兼容性的指示将通过循环或闪烁所述视觉指示器来表示。其他指示可能包括一种或更多颜色的显示。
图11示出了放置序列表，其提供了对于许多情况可以允许完全充电同时保持系统简单性的示例性结果和事件。图11对于所有的装置、瓦特数、定序而言是示例性的，并且本领域技术人员将认识到容易可变的其他变量。
图12示出了使用本方法的四单元充电器。无线电源1214包括多个初级线圈LP1-LP4。每一个线圈包括由WPS控制1220控制的开关。这些开关由驱动控制来控制以选择性地为装置充电。
图13示出了WPS 1314，其中提供了附加的容量而不需要完全电源覆盖来进行适当的分配。具体来说，WPS 1314包括两个驱动控制1320a和1320b，其每一个控制两个初级线圈。通常，每一个单元或线圈将需要每个装置的最大电源支持。这方面的实例将是4到5瓦特的装置或者20瓦特。图13中的实例可以提供10瓦特，与此相对，图12提供5瓦特。这些是针对最佳性能可配置的设计。
作为一种示例性使用，图12和13的WPS 1214和1314适用于会议室桌子、飞机分配系统、机动车解决方案以及功率可用性潜在地受限制的其他应用。
图14示出了使用次级装置1416中的次级装置功率管理单元（PMU）（未示出）来更好地控制、调节以及预测功率波动的系统1410和相关方法。这些改变在它们发生时或者之前被传送。
系统1410包括电源1412、无线电源1414以及无线功率装置1416。所有这些组件都如先前所描述的那样。此外，装置1416的PMU与无线功率控制1420和装置控制1424进行通信。
典型的无线功率系统对负载的改变做出反应，并且所示出的方法允许系统一起工作。次级命令基于所预期的变化而实现改变。无线电源1414使用装置功率管理单元（PMU）来跟踪系统需求并且对之做出响应，这是通过在对预期所需功率进行预测中调节PID而实现的。这使上面所提到的与对新的需求做出反应相关联的时间和控制问题最小化。
在图14中示出了一种示例性负载需求，其中从基本功率水平逐步提高功率以附加地为背光灯和硬盘驱动器顺序供电。由于次级装置可以预测所述装置内的这样的需求，因此次级装置控制1424可以让无线功率控制1424“提前知晓”功率需求何时将改变。
无线功率控制1424可以与次级装置的功率管理单元（PMU）直接进行通信。该信息可以被注入到所述PID环路中。这种方法使得能够以较小容量建立电源。
如所描述和示出的那样，本发明的当前实施例包括以下中的一项或更多项：
· 基于初级的容量进行功率调和的无线功率装置
· 表明功率可用性、警告和充电序列的无线功率系统
· 基于可用功率、分配和装置需要来分配功率的无线功率分配系统
· 可以表明与无线电源的功率兼容性的装置
· 具有触觉、声音和/或视觉反馈以用于表明充电、（次级装置的）定序或者不能为次级装置充电的系统
· 无线发送可用容量、读取次级装置功率需要并且调和功率分配、定序和可用性的无线功率系统
· 能够在单个电源上为多个次级装置供电的无线功率系统，其使用优先级定时和充电比来管理供电定序
· 可以从初级电路向次级装置传送基本命令以向用户表明功率兼容性的无线电源
· 可以发送简单命令以针对比如静音、无线电关闭、振动或所需费用的特征来配置次级装置的无线电源
· 可以传送用于配置无线电源的特性（比如阻抗和线电阻）以及操作参数（比如电压、电流和容差）的无线电源
· 使用干线电压来控制功率以及从初级向次级控制发送频率调制的信息的、基于频率的无线电源
· 使用频率调制来向次级控制进行传送的基于频率的无线电源
· 使用次级装置功率管理信息来通过无线链路控制对变化的负载需求的响应和调节的无线功率系统
· 通过无线链路的方式连接到次级功率管理系统的无线功率系统，其发送基于预期需求而非所测量的误差的PID误差信息，从而由功率管理单元在改变发生时对改变进行预测
· 具有链接到功率管理系统的PID控制的无线功率系统，其中基于正在使用的装置以及所需功率进行预设误差调节
· 在功率管理系统被接通和关断时将预先计算的误差百分比用作PID控制变量的无线电源
· 在充电表面上包括基本指示器或标志的无线功率系统，所述基本指示器或标志具有可以被传送给用户的附加信息以增强通信以及对该系统的能力的理解。
上面的描述是本发明的当前实施例的那些描述。在不背离本发明的精神和更广泛方面的情况下可以做出各种更改和改变。
Claims (12)
1.一种控制感应式充电系统的方法，包括：
提供感应式初级电源；
将多个感应式次级装置放置在初级电源的操作范围内；
从所述多个感应式次级装置的功率管理单元向初级电源提供信息，其中所述信息包括关于与每个次级装置相关联的电池的充电比的信息，其中，所述电池的充电比为功率输入相对随时间所使用的功率；
根据该关于与次级装置相关联的电池的充电比的信息来计算每个次级装置的最小充电时间；以及
至少部分地根据来自所述功率管理单元的信息控制初级电源。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述信息包括每个次级装置的预期的定时和功率请求。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述信息包括关于与次级装置相关联的电池的状态的信息。
4.一种控制感应式充电系统的方法，包括：
将多个感应式次级装置放置在初级电源的操作范围内；
确定次级装置的组合功率请求；
将所述组合功率请求与初级电源的功率容量进行比较；以及
如果所述组合功率请求超出功率容量，则（a）确定其中次级装置将接收功率的序列以及（b）向次级装置传送关于所确定的充电序列的信息，每个功率请求包括与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的充电比，其中，所述电池的充电比为功率输入相对随时间所使用的功率；
根据该与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的充电比来计算每个次级装置的最小充电时间。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，每个功率请求包括关于与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的状态的信息。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述序列包括在任何给定时间仅为次级装置之一供电。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述序列包括在至少所选择的时间为两个或更多次级装置充电。
8.一种控制感应式充电系统的方法，包括：
提供感应式初级电源；
将多个感应式次级装置放置在初级电源的操作范围内；
确定次级装置的组合功率请求；
将所述组合功率请求与初级电源的功率容量进行比较；以及
如果所述组合功率请求超出功率容量，则（a）产生每个次级装置的充电简档以及（b）根据所述充电简档来激活和停用次级装置，其中按照重复模式激活和停用每个次级装置，以及其中，每个功率请求包括关于与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的充电比的信息，其中，所述电池的充电比为功率输入相对随时间所使用的功率；
根据关于与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的充电比的信息来计算每个次级装置的最小充电时间。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，每个功率请求包括关于与相应的次级装置相关联的电池的状态的信息。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，在任何给定时间仅激活次级装置之一。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，按照重复模式激活和停用所述次级装置之一。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，每个次级装置的所述充电简档包括：激活该次级装置直到其功率需求得到满足为止，以及随后停用该次级装置。
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| TWI479765B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
| RU2011132943A (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
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| US8373386B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
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| US20100171461A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| EP2374194A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
| KR20110103455A (ko) | 2011-09-20 |
| KR20180021917A (ko) | 2018-03-05 |
| MY179186A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
| NZ593720A (en) | 2014-03-28 |
| AU2010203795A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
| US9190858B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
| TW201042874A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| CA2748369A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
| US20130106364A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| CN104935019B (zh) | 2017-12-12 |
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