JP7086932B2 - 改善されたヒール部分を有する超音波外科用ブレード - Google Patents

改善されたヒール部分を有する超音波外科用ブレード Download PDF

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JP7086932B2
JP7086932B2 JP2019507221A JP2019507221A JP7086932B2 JP 7086932 B2 JP7086932 B2 JP 7086932B2 JP 2019507221 A JP2019507221 A JP 2019507221A JP 2019507221 A JP2019507221 A JP 2019507221A JP 7086932 B2 JP7086932 B2 JP 7086932B2
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ultrasonic surgical
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コンロン・ショーン・ピー
ボイド・ベンジャミン・エム
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320074Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320078Tissue manipulating surface
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320082Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for incising tissue

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Description

緒言
本開示は、概して、手術器具に用いられる超音波ブレードに関する。詳細には、本開示は、手術器具に用いられる超音波外科用ブレードに関し、より詳細には、切断及び凝固特性が改善された超音波外科用ブレードに関する。
中空コア及び中実コア器具の両方を含めた超音波器具が、多くの医学的状態の安全かつ有効な処置のために使用されている。超音波器具、特に中実コアの超音波器具は、超音波周波数で外科用エンドエフェクタに伝達される機械的振動形態のエネルギーを使用して、有機組織を切断及び/又は凝固するのに使用され得るため、有利である。超音波振動は、好適なエンドエフェクタを使用して好適なエネルギーレベルで有機組織に伝達されるときに、組織を切断、切開、又は焼灼するために使用することができる。中実コアテクノロジーを利用する超音波器具は、超音波トランスデューサから導波管を通って外科用エンドエフェクタに伝達され得る超音波エネルギー量に起因して特に有利である。このような器具は、観血的処置、又は内視鏡的若しくは腹腔鏡的処置などの低侵襲処置に使用することができ、エンドエフェクタは、手術部位に到達するようにトロカール内に通される。
そのような器具のエンドエフェクタ(例えば、切断ブレード)を超音波周波数で作動させると、隣接組織内に局所的な熱を発生させる長手方向の振動運動が誘発されて、切断及び凝固の両方を促進する。超音波器具の持つ特質のために、超音波により起動される特定のエンドエフェクタは、例えば、切断及び凝固を含めた多数の機能を果たすように設計することができる。ブレードを超音波周波数で振動させることによってそのようなエンドエフェクタに誘発される構造的応力は、多くの望ましくない効果をもたらす可能性がある。かかる望ましくない効果としては、例えば、器具の波導管の横断方向運動を挙げることができ、この動きにより、例えば、波導管内に過剰な熱が生成されたり、又は尚早な応力破損が引き起こされたりする場合がある。
超音波手術器具は極めて好ましい結果を得ているが、いくつかの領域には改善の余地が依然として残されている。例えば、肝床から胆嚢を除去し、かつ手技を容易にするために凝固するための、改善された超音波ブレードが望まれる。近位及び遠位表面を使用して肝床から胆嚢を効率的に切断できるようにする超音波ブレードは、外科手術手技を容易にする。遠位端の近くにフック又は直角若しくはほぼ直角の屈曲部を有し、遠位端にプラウ部材若しくはリッジ切断縁部を伴う超音波ブレードは、アクセス及び可視性に関する利点を提供する。かかる構造を提供するという課題には、応力及びバランスが関連してきた。かかる構造を有する超音波ブレードは、バランスの取れたやり方で挙動し、かつ加わる応力に耐えるだけの十分な強度を有する必要がある。したがって、改善された超音波外科用ブレードを設計することが望ましい。外科医が望む止血を維持しながら、より迅速に切断する超音波外科用ブレードを提供するのが更に有利である。十分な制御性を確保しながら必要な場所を切断するために、制御性がより高くかつ精密な超音波外科用ブレードを提供するのが更に有利である。
加えて、外科医は、組織を切断するために肝床から胆嚢を切開するときに、及び胆嚢と肝床との間で効率的にブレードを前進させるときに、ブレードのヒールとも称される超音波外科用ブレードの先頭又は遠位部分を利用する場合がある。
[先行技術文献]
米国特許出願公開第2015/88181号明細書
したがって、ヒールによる切開を最適にするために、改善されたヒール部分を有する超音波外科用ブレードを提供することが有利である。また、外科医が胆嚢と肝床との間の組織面により容易に進入することを可能にするために、改善されたヒール構成を提供することも有利であろう。
これらの利点を提供しかつ以前の器具の短所を克服するための、切断及び凝固特性が改善された超音波手術器具について記載する。
一態様において、超音波外科用ブレードを開示する。一例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、中実本体と、超音波伝達導波管に連結するように構成された近位端と、組織を切開及び凝固するように構成された遠位端とを有する長手方向部分であって、実質的に平面の長手方向表面、及び実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する遠位止血面、を備える、長手方向部分と、長手方向部分の遠位端から交差するように延びる横断方向部分であって、組織を引っ張って切開するように構成された自由端を有するフックを画定し、実質的に平面の長手方向表面の遠位端から延びる湾曲セクション、自由端に画定された先端面、曲面から先端面まで延びる実質的に平面の近位内側表面、及び先端面から遠位止血面まで延びるプラウ部材であって、切断縁部を画定する表面屈曲部から延びる第1及び第2の外側面を備える、プラウ部材を備える、横断方向部分と、第1及び第2の遠位外側面と遠位止血面との表面屈曲部に画定された遠位切開縁部と、を備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの遠位切開縁部は、プラウ部材及び遠位止血面によって画定された最遠位頂点を備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードのプラウ部材は、凹状である。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、先端面から第1及び第2の外側面まで延びる先頭の傾斜先端面を更に備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの第1及び第2の外側面は、それぞれ表面セクションを備え、各表面セクションは、凹状である。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの長手方向部分は、実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する近位止血面を備える。別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、第1及び第2の近位外側面を更に備え、これらの第1及び第2の近位外側面は、本体から近位止血面まで延びて、第1及び第2の近位外側面と近位止血面との間の第1及び第2の表面屈曲部に画定された第1及び第2の外側切断縁部を画定する。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、先端面と実質的に平面の近位内側表面との間に画定されたはす縁を更に備える。
別の態様では、超音波外科用ブレードを開示する。一例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、中実本体と、近位端と遠位端とを有する長手方向部分であって、実質的に平面の長手方向表面、及び実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する遠位止血面、を備える、長手方向部分と、長手方向部分の遠位端から交差するように延びる横断方向部分であって、自由端を有するフックを画定し、実質的に平面の長手方向表面の遠位端から延びる湾曲セクション、自由端に画定された先端面、曲面から先端面まで延びる近位内側表面、及び先端面から遠位止血面まで延びる組織分流部分であって、組織分流縁部を備える、組織分流部分を備える、横断方向部分と、を備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの組織分流縁部は、凹状である。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、組織分流部分及び遠位止血面によって画定された最遠位頂点を更に備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、遠位止血面と組織分流部分との表面屈曲部によって画定された遠位切開縁部を更に備え、遠位切開縁部及び組織分流縁部が、実質的にT字形状の構成を備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの長手方向部分は、実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する近位止血面を備える。別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、第1及び第2の外側面を備え、これらの第1及び第2の外側面は、本体から近位止血面まで延びて、第1及び第2の外側面と近位止血面との間の第1及び第2の表面屈曲部に画定された第1及び第2の切断縁部を画定する。
別の態様では、超音波外科用ブレードを開示する。一例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、自由端及び遠位端を有するフック部分と、フック部分の遠位端によって画定されたプラウ部材であって、切断縁部を画定する表面屈曲部から延びる第1及び第2の外側面を備える、プラウ部材と、を備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードのプラウ部材は、組織との相互作用時に当該組織を分流するように構成される。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードのプラウ切断縁部は、凹状である。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの切断縁部は、切断縁部の第1の端部に画定された頂点から、切断縁部の第2の端部に画定された先端面まで延びる。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードは、フック部分の自由端によって画定された傾斜先端面を更に備える。
別の例において、超音波外科用ブレードの第1及び第2の外側面は、湾曲状である。
上記の「発明の概要」はあくまで例示的なものに過ぎず、いかなる意味においても限定を目的としたものではない。上記に述べた例示的な態様及び特徴に加えて、更なる態様及び特徴が、図面及び以下の詳細な説明を参照することにより明らかになるであろう。
本明細書に記載される態様の新規特徴は、添付の「特許請求の範囲」に具体的に記載される。しかし、態様は、構成及び操作の方法のいずれに関しても、以下の説明文を添付の図面と共に参照することによってより深い理解を得ることができる。
一態様による超音波器具の図である。 下にある超音波伝達導波管を見せるために外部シースが除去されている、図1に示した超音波器具の図である。 右側及び左側のシュラウドが除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具の図である。 左側のシュラウド、シャフトアセンブリ、及びノーズコーンが除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具のハンドルアセンブリの図である。 下にある起動ボタンアセンブリ、クラッチプレート、保持具、及び支持ブッシングを示すためにノーズコーンが除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具の正面図である。 一態様による、図1~図5に示される超音波外科用ブレードの垂直軸線に沿った変位(マイクロメートル)と、水平軸線に沿った超音波外科用ブレードに沿った距離(インチ)とを対比させたグラフ図である。 超音波伝達導波管と一体に形成された外科用エンドエフェクタの別の態様を例示する図である。 図7の外科用エンドエフェクタの超音波外科用ブレードの斜視図である。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの側面図である。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの斜視図である。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの底面図であり、超音波外科用ブレードは、遠位及び近位止血面を備える。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの別の側面図である。 図12に示される線13-13に沿って切断した図8の超音波外科用ブレードの断面図である。 図12に示される線14-14に沿って切断した図8の超音波外科用ブレードの別の断面図である。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの上面図である。 図15に示される線16-16に沿って切断した図8の超音波外科用ブレードの断面図である。 図8の超音波外科用ブレードの正面図である。
以下の「発明を実施するための形態」では、本明細書の一部を構成する添付の図面を参照する。図中、一般的に、同様の記号及び参照符合は、内容によりそうでない旨が断られない限り、複数の図を通じて同様の要素を示す。「発明を実施するための形態」、「図面」、及び「特許請求の範囲」に記載される例示的な態様は、限定を目的としたものではない。本明細書に提示される主題の範囲から逸脱することなく、他の態様を使用することが可能であり、他の変更を行うことが可能である。
本技術の特定の実施例の以下の説明文は、その範囲を限定する目的で用いられるべきではない。本技術の他の実施例、特徴、態様、態様、及び利点は、実例として、本技術を実施する上で想到される最良の態様の1つである以下の説明より、当業者には明らかとなるであろう。理解されるように、本明細書に記載された技術は、いずれもその技術から逸脱することなく、その他の異なる、かつ明らかな態様が可能である。したがって、図面及び説明は、限定的な性質のものではなく、例示的な性質のものと見なされるべきである。
本明細書に記載の教示、表現、態様、実施例などのうちのいずれか1つ又は2つ以上を、本明細書に記載の他の教示、表現、態様、実施例などのうちのいずれか1つ又は2つ以上と組み合わせることができる点も更に理解される。したがって、以下に記載されている教示、表現、態様、実施例などは、互いに独立して考慮されるべきではない。本明細書の教示に照らして、本明細書の教示を組み合わせることができる種々の好適な方法が、当業者には直ちに明らかとなろう。このような改変及び変形形態は、「特許請求の範囲」内に含まれるものとする。
以下の説明において、前、後、内側、外側、上部、下部といった用語は便宜的に用いられる語であると理解するべきであり、限定的な用語として解釈されるべきではない。本明細書で使用される用語は、本明細書に述べられる装置、又はその部分を他の向きに取設されるか又は用いられることが可能である限り、限定的なものではない。図面を参照しながら、様々な態様をより詳細に説明する。超音波ブレード及び器具の複数の実施例は、2015年7月1日に出願された米国特許出願第14/789,744号、名称「ULTRASONIC SURGICAL BLADE WITH IMPROVED CUTTING AND COAGULATION FEATURES」に開示されており、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は、切断及び凝固特性が改善された超音波ブレードを備える超音波器具を提供する。図1は、一態様による超音波器具100の図である。超音波器具100は、ハンドルアセンブリ102と、シャフトアセンブリ104と、外科用エンドエフェクタ106とを備える。ハンドルアセンブリ102は、右側及び左側のシュラウド108a、108bと、起動ボタンアセンブリ110と、ノーズコーン112とを備える。起動ボタンアセンブリ110は複数の起動ボタンを備えている。図5を簡単に参照すると、同図は超音波器具の正面図であり、一態様では、起動ボタンアセンブリ110が、ハンドルアセンブリ102の周囲に配置された8個の起動ボタン110a、110b、110c、110d、110e、110f、110g、110hを備えていることが分かる。図1に戻って参照すると、シャフトアセンブリ104は外部シース114を備える。外科用エンドエフェクタ106は、切断及び凝固特性が改善された超音波外科用ブレード116を備えている。例えば、超音波ブレード116は、組織を分離するためのプラウ部材又はリッジ切断縁部591を備える。超音波外科用ブレード116及び超音波伝達導波管は、超音波伝達導波管を覆うようにオーバーモールドされ得る複数の分離スペーサ118によって、外部シース114から分離される。
ハンドルアセンブリ102はまた、外科用エンドエフェクタ106と音響的に連結された超音波伝達導波管と音響的に連結される超音波トランスデューサを備える。ハンドルアセンブリ102は超音波エネルギー発生器と電気的に接続され、その超音波エネルギー発生器は、複数の起動ボタン110a~110hのうちの1つ(例えば起動ボタン110a)によって起動させることができる。起動ボタン110aを押すと、超音波発生器が起動して、ハンドルアセンブリ102内に位置する超音波トランスデューサに電気エネルギーが供給される。ハンドルアセンブリ102内の超音波トランスデューサは、電気エネルギーを超音波運動に変換し、この超音波運動は、超音波伝達アセンブリ及び外科用エンドエフェクタ106の処置領域と音響的に連結される。処置領域は、20マイクロメートル~150マイクロメートルの可動域の大きさ、及び約55.5kHzの周波数で振動するが、本開示の範囲から逸脱することなく他の周波数を採用してもよい。
図2は、下にある超音波伝達導波管120を見せるために外部シース114(図1)が除去されている、図1に示した超音波器具100の図である。図に示されるように、分離スペーサ118は、超音波伝達導波管120の上に配設されて、外部シース114を超音波伝達導波管120から音響的に分離する。この場合、複数の分離スペーサ118は、超音波伝達導波管120に沿ったそれぞれのノード上に位置して、外部シース114と音響的に連結された振動を最小化する。一態様では、分離スペーサ118は、超音波伝達導波管120を覆うようにオーバーモールドされてもよい。
図3は、右側及び左側のシュラウド108a、108bが除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具100の図である。ハンドルアセンブリ102は、起動ボタンアセンブリ110の近位に位置する支持ベース122を含む。
図4は、左側のシュラウド108b(図1)、シャフトアセンブリ102(図1)、及びノーズコーン112が除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具100のハンドルアセンブリ102の図である。図4に示すように、ノーズコーン112の下にあるのは、起動ボタンアセンブリ110に動作可能に連結されたブリッジガイド132である。クラッチプレート134及びクラッチスプリング136は、ブリッジガイド132と保持具138との間に配設される。支持ブッシング140はシャフトアセンブリ102を支持する。
図5は、下にある起動ボタンアセンブリ110、クラッチプレート134、保持具138、及び支持ブッシング140を示すためにノーズコーン112が除去されている、図1に示した超音波手術器具100の正面図である。起動ボタンアセンブリ110は複数の起動ボタン110a~110hを備え、各起動ボタンは特定の機能を実行するように個別にプログラム可能である。例えば、起動110aは、超音波発生器と電気的に連結されており、超音波トランスデューサに通電して外科用エンドエフェクタ106を作動させるために使用される。
図6は、一態様による、図1~図5に示される超音波外科用ブレード116の垂直軸線に沿った変位(マイクロメートル)と、水平軸線に沿った超音波外科用ブレード116に沿った距離(cm(インチ))と対比させたグラフ図162である。0.000cm(0.000インチ)として示されるブレードに沿った距離は、超音波伝達導波管120がある最近位位置に対応し、35.560cm(14.000インチ)として示されるブレードに沿った距離は、超音波外科用ブレード116の超音波先端部144が変位する最遠位位置166に対応する。ここで図6を同様に参照すると、実線で表されるブレード変位波形164は、図6に示した長手方向軸線Lに沿って超音波伝達導波管及びエンドエフェクタ超音波外科用ブレード116内に設定される定在波形である。変位波形164は、長手方向軸線Lに沿った位置に周期的ノード174及びアンチノード176、176’を含む。ノード174は、定在波形164に沿った変位のない位置であり、アンチノード176は、変位が正の最大である位置であり、アンチノード176’は、変位が負の最大である位置である。超音波振動の周期的性質及び定在波164の特性に従って、ノード174及びアンチノード176、176’は、1/4波長(λ/4’)に等しい距離に位置しており、波長λは、次の関係式:
Figure 0007086932000001
に従って、伝達導波管及び超音波外科用ブレード116の材料の振動数f及び音速cに比例する。超音波外科用ブレード116の設計に起因して、絶対最大変位が、図6のアンチノードANの位置に対応する遠位のアンチノード178において生じていることが分かる。
図7~図17は、止血及び切開を最適化するための縁部及び表面を備えて構成された超音波外科用ブレード516の一態様を示す。具体的には、ブレード516のヒール部分517は、例えば、肝床から胆嚢を切開するときに、ブレード516を組織面内でより効率的にナビゲートすることを可能にする構成をユーザに提供する。遠位切断縁部591は、ブレード516を組織媒体の間でナビゲートするときに組織の分流を容易にするために、プラウ部材又はリッジに類似する構成を画定する。超音波外科用ブレード516の遠位部分に配設された最遠位頂点等の縁部及び特徴は、より効果的なヒールによる切開を提供することができる。
図7は、超音波伝達導波管520と一体に形成されたエンドエフェクタ506を備える超音波手術器具500の一態様の斜視図である。超音波手術器具500は、多数の点で超音波手術器具100と類似している。外科用エンドエフェクタ506は、超音波伝達導波管520と連結されたネック542を有する超音波外科用ブレード516を備える。超音波伝達導波管520は、シャフトアセンブリ504の構成要素であり、外部シース514(図12)等のシャフトアセンブリ504の他の構成要素から、分離スペーサによって音響的に分離することができる。図15に関連して上で論じたように、分離スペーサは、振動が最小又はゼロ振幅である超音波伝達導波管のノードに位置する。超音波外科用ブレード516は、超音波伝達導波管520を介して当該超音波外科用ブレードに加えられる超音波エネルギーに反応して振動するように構成されている。振動過程中の超音波伝達導波管520の膨張及び収縮を促進するために、バランス特徴部543が超音波伝達導波管520内に切り欠きセクションとして画定される。
図8は、超音波外科用ブレード516の一態様の斜視図である。超音波外科用ブレード516の遠位部分は、使用中に組織を引っ張って切断するように構成された自由端を有するブレードフック550を画定する、湾曲形状又は傾斜形状を有する。超音波外科用ブレード516は、ネック542から遠位に延びる長手方向部分541を備え、当該長手方向部分において、当該超音波外科用ブレードは、超音波振動、及び長手方向部分541の遠位端から延びる横断方向部分547と連結する。超音波外科用ブレード516の横断方向部分547は、ブレードフック550及び組織-プラウ構成590を画定する。横断方向部分547の端部において、ブレードフック550は、組織平面へのアクセスを最適化する先端面544を画定する。先端面544から、外向きかつ遠位切断縁部構成590に向かって延びて、先端面544は、表面屈曲部539において先頭の傾斜先端面545に移行する。様々な例において、先端面545は、凸状のプロファイルを備える。様々な他の例において、先端面545は、実質的に平坦な、又は凹状のプロファイルを備える。先端面545は、斜め及び/又は三角形様とすることができる。先端面545は、プラウ部材又はリッジに類似する遠位切断縁部591を画定する遠位頂点545Vを備える。遠位切断縁部591のプラウ縁部又は鋭利な垂直リッジは、凹状の曲率半径を備える。様々な例において、遠位切断縁部591は、湾曲状でない部分並びに湾曲状である部分を含むことができる。一対の表面屈曲部又は縁部553A及び553Bにおいて先端面545から延在して、ブレードフック550は、遠位切断縁部を画定する共通縁部591を共有する一対の外側遠位面552を画定する。遠位切断縁部591は、プラウ縁部又はリッジ特徴とも称される。組織プラウ構成590は、プラウ縁部591で組織を分流することによって組織面へのアクセスを容易にするように構成される。様々な例において、表面552は、凹状の曲率半径を画定する。様々な他の例において、表面552は、実質的に平坦であり、また、表面屈曲部に接触する多数の実質的に平坦な部分で構成される。様々な例において、表面552は、湾曲し、かつ平坦な表面を含む。
遠位外側面552から更に別の表面屈曲部を経由して延びるのは、より大きな表面積を画定する遠位止血面548である。遠位止血面548は、凸状の曲率半径を有する。切開縁部546は、外側遠位表面552と遠位止血面548との間の表面屈曲部に画定される。切開縁部546は、超音波外科用ブレード516のヒール部分517を使用して、切開又は切断速度を向上させるように構成される。プラウ構成590は、切開縁部546に沿って配設された最遠位頂点592を備え、また、超音波外科用ブレードを組織面の中へ導くように構成される。プラウ縁部591の凹状のプロファイルは、フック550の横断方向部分547が切開縁部546から先端面545に向かって先細になるように、切開縁部546を画定する表面屈曲部において遠位に延びる。先端面545は、表面屈曲部553A、553Bから、所定の角度で先端面544まで延びる。
ブレードフック550の内側の近位部分は、ブレードフック550の近位側の実質的に平面の内側表面549を画定し、当該実質的に平面の内側表面は、横断方向部分547に沿って先端面544のはす縁582から、凹状の曲率半径rを有する曲面551まで延びる。先端面544から平面の長手方向表面561まで測定される横断方向部分547の深度dは、様々な種類の組織を引っ張るように最適化され得る。近位止血面554は、超音波外科用ブレード516の長手方向部分541に設けられ、質量を最小限に抑えながら好適な止血をもたらすように寸法設定される。
図9は、図7及び図8に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の側面図である。超音波外科用ブレード516は、超音波外科用ブレード516の音響的なバランスをとるように設計された追加的な表面を更に備える。これらの表面には、超音波外科用ブレード516の一方の側に位置する第1の外側面556、第2の外側面558、及び第3の外側面560、並びに超音波外科用ブレード516の他方の側の対応する外側面(ダッシュ記号(’)を付して表示される)(図12)が含まれる。外側面560、560’は、傾斜しており、ブレード516の近位本体部分559から近位止血面554まで延びる。切断縁部565、565’は、近位止血面554と、傾斜外側面560、560’との表面屈曲部に画定される。外側面556、556’、558、558’、560、560’は、ブレード本体559から質量を除去することによって作り出され、通電されたときに安定した超音波振動をもたらすために、超音波外科用ブレード516のバランスをとる輪郭とされる。実質的に平面の長手方向表面561は、ネック542から、ブレードフック550の横断方向部分547の曲面551に向かって延びる、超音波外科用ブレード516の長手方向部分541の一部である。
図10は、図7~図9に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の別の斜視図である。図10に例示される図は、各表面548、554の表面積を示す。遠位及び近位止血面548、554の寸法は、質量を最小限に抑えながら好適な止血をもたらすように寸法設定される。近位止血面554の表面屈曲部565’及び外側面560’は、切断縁部を画定する。近位止血面はまた、切断縁部570’も画定する。下で更に詳細に論じるが、切断縁部572’は、ブレード516のヒール部分517に配設される。
図11は、図7~図10に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の部分底面図である。遠位止血面548は、遠位切開縁部546、及び側方の鋭利な切断縁部572、572’を画定する。切断縁部572、572’は、頂点592を共有する。切断縁部572は、中間頂点を共有する第1の凹状部分及び第2の凹状部分を備える。同様に、切断縁部572’は、中間頂点を共有する第1の凹状部分及び第2の凹状の部分を備える。遠位止血面548は、約3.25mmの有効表面積S1を有し、3.25mm~6.0mm(0.0053in~0.0093in)の範囲にわたって変化してもよい。近位止血面554は、側方の鋭利な切断縁部570、570’を画定する。近位止血面554は、約9.675mmの有効表面積S2を有し、6.45mm~12.90mm(0.01in~0.02in)範囲にわたって変化してもよい。
図12は、図7~図11に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の別の側面図である。図9と同様に、図12に示した図は、ダッシュ記号(’)を付して表示される、対応する外側面を例示する。これらの表面は、超音波外科用ブレード516の他方の側に位置する第1の外側面556’、第2の外側面558’、及び第3の外側面560’を含む。外側面560、560’は、傾斜しており、ブレード516の近位本体部分559から近位止血面554まで延びる。切断縁部565、565’は、近位止血面554及び傾斜外側面560、560’の表面屈曲部に画定される。外側面556、556’、558、558’、560、560’は、ブレード本体559から質量を除去することによって作り出され、通電されたときに安定した超音波振動をもたらすために、超音波外科用ブレード516のバランスをとる輪郭とされる。実質的に平面の長手方向表面561は、ネック542から、ブレードフック550の横断方向部分547の曲面551に向かって延びる、超音波外科用ブレード516の長手方向部分541の一部である。ネック542は、シース514から遠位に延び、また、移行から本体部分559の中へ移行する。
図13は、図12の切断線12-12に沿って切断した図7~図12に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の断面図である。更に、ブレードフック550の長手方向延在部分541が示されている。
図14は、図12の切断線14-14に沿って切断した図7~図13に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の断面図である。表面552は、湾曲又はプラウ表面セクション552’を備える。セクション552’の湾曲プロファイルは、その凹状の曲率半径を有するリッジ591を提供する。上で論じたように、表面552は、平坦及び湾曲セクションを備えることができ、したがって、リッジ又はエッジ591は、平坦及び/又は湾曲セクションを備えることができる。
図15~図17は、図7~図14に示した超音波外科用ブレード516の追加的な画面を提供する。図15は、超音波外科用ブレード516の上面図である。左から右に向かって、ネック542は、外管/シース514から遠位に延び、表面屈曲部586においてブレード本体559部分に移行する。ブレード本体559は、組織を切断する及び/若しくは引っ張る、組織を止血する、並びに/又は超音波外科用ブレード516の音響的なバランスをとるためのいくつかの表面を画定する。加えて、ブレード本体559は、外科医がブレード516の遠位部分によって組織を切開すること、並びにブレード516を組織面の中へより容易にナビゲートすることを可能にするように構成されたヒール部分517を備える。平面の長手方向表面561は、ブレード本体559の近位端から、ブレードフック550の曲面551まで延びる。ブレードフック550の内側表面549は、曲面551から、先端面544の斜状面582まで延びる。先端面544は、表面屈曲部539において先端面545に移行する。様々な例において、先端面545は、縁部553A、553Bを画定する実質的に三角形の構成を備え、遠位側方の表面552は、縁部553A、553Bから、切開縁部546まで延び、ブレード516の遠位部分に配設された遠位のプリズム様構造を画定する。遠位表面552の最遠位部分は、遠位表面552と遠位止血面548(図17)との間の表面屈曲部でもある切開縁部546を画定する。切開縁部546の最遠位部分は、鋭利な遠位リッジ591及び切開縁部546が接触又は交差する頂点592である。
図16は、図15に示される切断線16-16に沿って切断した超音波外科用ブレード516の断面図である。この断面図は、前述の超音波外科用ブレード516の様々な特徴を示すために、長手方向中心線に沿って切断されている。右から左に向かって、ブレード本体559がブレードネック542から延びると、超音波外科用ブレード516は、ブレード本体559と平面の長手方向表面561との間の第1の表面屈曲部568を画定する。フック部分550は、曲面551、及び斜状面582に至る内側表面549によって部分的に画定される。先端面544は、表面屈曲部539において先端面545に移行する。先端面545は、表面屈曲部553A、553Bにおいて遠位表面552に移行する。遠位表面552は、遠位リッジ591を共有し、また、画定する表面屈曲部546において遠位止血面548に移行し、これは、切開縁部546も画定する。様々な例において、遠位切断縁部591は、凹状である。プラウ部材によって画定された遠位切断縁部591は、先端面545から、切開縁部546の最遠位頂点592まで延びる。本開示の目的のため、表面屈曲部546及び切開縁部546は、同一要素を指す。遠位止血面548は、表面屈曲部555において近位止血面554に移行する。近位止血面554は、表面屈曲部565においてブレード本体559に移行する。
図17は、超音波外科用ブレード516の端面図である。図に示されるように、超音波外科用ブレード516の横断方向部分547は、表面屈曲部539において先端面545に移行する先端面544を備える。遠位表面552は、表面屈曲部553A、553Bにおいて先端面545から延在する。様々な例において、遠位表面552は、例えば、シャフトアセンブリ504によって画定された長手方向軸に対して45度の角度で配向される。他の例において、遠位表面552は、45度以外の角度で配向される。表面552の構成は、例えば、このプラウ様の構成が、組織面への進入時に組織を分流することを可能にする。表面552及び/又は552’は、組織分流部分と称することができる。組織プラウ構成590に関するより急なプロファイルが想定される。例えば、屈曲部553A、553Bの間の角度は、より鋭利なプロファイルをプラウ590に提供する、鋭角にすることができる。様々な他の例において、屈曲部553A、553Bの間の角度は、あまり鋭利でない、又はあまり急でないプラウ590のプロファイルを提供する、鈍角にすることができる。遠位表面552は、遠位止血面554と遠位表面552との間の切開縁部546を画定する。
更に図17を参照すると、リッジ591及び切開縁部546は、実質的にT字形状の構成又はプロファイルを備える。このT字形状の構成は、最遠位頂点592と共に、超音波外科用ブレード516に水平ヒール切開及び垂直ヒール切開を提供することができる。この構成はまた、超音波外科用ブレード516のヒール部分517の融通性を高める遠位止血面も維持する。組織は、プラウ構成590によって素早く、より効率的に切開及び/又は分流することができる。
本明細書で論じるときに、「一態様」又は「ある態様」への任意の言及は、その態様と関連して説明される特定の機構、構造、又は特性が少なくとも1つの態様に含まれることを意味する。したがって、明細書を通して多くの場所に出現する、「一態様において」又は「ある態様において」という句は、必ずしも同じ態様を指しているわけではない。更に、特定の特徴、構造、又は特性は、1つ又は2つ以上の態様において任意の好適な様態で組み合わせることができる。
様々な態様について本明細書で述べたが、これらの態様に対する多くの改変例、変形例、代替例、変更例及び同等物を実施することが可能であり、また、当業者には想到されるであろう。また、材料が特定の構成要素に関して開示されているが、他の材料が使用されてもよい。したがって、上記の説明文及び添付の「特許請求の範囲」は、全てのそのような改変例及び変形例を、開示された態様の範囲に含まれるものとして網羅することを目的としたものである点を理解されたい。以下の「特許請求の範囲」は、全てのそのような改変例及び変形例を網羅することを目的としたものである。
様々な態様について本明細書で述べたが、これらの態様に対する多くの改変例、変形例、代替例、変更例及び同等物を実施することが可能であり、また、当業者には想到されるであろう。また、材料が特定の構成要素に関して開示されているが、他の材料が使用されてもよい。したがって、上記の説明文及び添付の「特許請求の範囲」は、全てのそのような改変例及び変形例を、開示された態様の範囲に含まれるものとして網羅することを目的としたものである点を理解されたい。以下の「特許請求の範囲」は、全てのそのような改変例及び変形例を網羅することを目的としたものである。
〔実施の態様〕
(1) 超音波外科用ブレードであって、
中実本体と、
超音波伝達導波管に連結するように構成された近位端と、組織を切開及び凝固するように構成された遠位端とを有する長手方向部分であって、
実質的に平面の長手方向表面、及び
前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する遠位止血面、を備える、長手方向部分と、
前記長手方向部分の前記遠位端から交差するように延びる横断方向部分であって、組織を引っ張って切開するように構成された自由端を有するフックを画定し、前記横断方向部分は、
前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の遠位端から延びる湾曲セクション、
前記自由端に画定された先端面、
曲面から前記先端面まで延びる実質的に平面の近位内側表面、及び
前記先端面から前記遠位止血面まで延びるプラウ部材であって、切断縁部を画定する表面屈曲部から延びる第1及び第2の外側面を備える、プラウ部材を備える、横断方向部分と、
前記第1及び第2の遠位外側面と前記遠位止血面との表面屈曲部に画定された遠位切開縁部と、を備える、超音波外科用ブレード。
(2) 前記遠位切開縁部が、前記プラウ部材及び前記遠位止血面によって画定された最遠位頂点を備える、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(3) 前記プラウ部材が、凹状である、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(4) 前記先端面から前記第1及び第2の外側面まで延びる先頭の傾斜先端面を更に備える、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(5) 前記第1及び第2の外側面が、それぞれ表面セクションを備え、各表面セクションが、凹状である、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(6) 前記長手方向部分が、前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する近位止血面を備える、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(7) 第1及び第2の近位外側面を更に備え、前記第1及び第2の近位外側面が、前記本体から前記近位止血面まで延びて、前記第1及び第2の近位外側面と前記近位止血面との間の第1及び第2の表面屈曲部に画定された第1及び第2の外側切断縁部を画定する、実施態様6に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(8) 前記先端面と前記実質的に平面の近位内側表面との間に画定されたはす縁を更に備える、実施態様1に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(9) 超音波外科用ブレードであって、
中実本体と、
近位端と遠位端とを有する長手方向部分であって、
実質的に平面の長手方向表面、及び
前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する遠位止血面、を備える、長手方向部分と、
前記長手方向部分の前記遠位端から交差するように延びる横断方向部分であって、自由端を有するフックを画定し、前記横断方向部分は、
前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の遠位端から延びる湾曲セクション、
前記自由端に画定された先端面、
曲面から前記先端面まで延びる近位内側表面、及び
前記先端面から前記遠位止血面まで延びる組織分流部分(tissue diverting portion)であって、組織分流縁部を備える、組織分流部分を備える、横断方向部分と、を備える、超音波外科用ブレード。
(10) 前記組織分流縁部が、凹状である、実施態様9に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(11) 前記組織分流部分及び前記遠位止血面によって画定された最遠位頂点を更に備える、実施態様9に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(12) 前記遠位止血面と前記組織分流部分との表面屈曲部によって画定された遠位切開縁部を更に備え、前記遠位切開縁部及び前記組織分流縁部が、実質的にT字形状の構成を備える、実施態様9に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(13) 前記長手方向部分が、前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する近位止血面を備える、実施態様9に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(14) 第1及び第2の外側面を備え、前記第1及び第2の外側面が、前記本体から前記近位止血面まで延びて、前記第1及び第2の外側面と前記近位止血面との間の第1及び第2の表面屈曲部に画定された第1及び第2の切断縁部を画定する、実施態様13に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(15) 超音波外科用ブレードであって、
自由端及び遠位端を有するフック部分と、
前記フック部分の前記遠位端によって画定されたプラウ部材であって、切断縁部を画定する表面屈曲部から延びる第1及び第2の外側面を備える、プラウ部材と、を備える、超音波外科用ブレード。
(16) 前記プラウ部材が、組織との相互作用時に該組織を分流するように構成されている、実施態様15に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(17) 前記プラウ切断縁部が、凹状である、実施態様15に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(18) 前記切断縁部が、前記切断縁部の第1の端部に画定された頂点から、前記切断縁部の第2の端部に画定された先端面まで延びる、実施態様15に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(19) 前記フック部分の前記自由端によって画定された傾斜先端面を更に備える、実施態様15に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
(20) 前記第1及び第2の外側面が、湾曲状である、実施態様19の超音波外科用ブレード。

Claims (2)

  1. 超音波外科用ブレードであって、
    中実本体と、
    超音波伝達導波管に連結するように構成された近位端と、組織を切開及び凝固するように構成された遠位端とを有する長手方向部分であって、
    実質的に平面の長手方向表面、及び
    前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する遠位止血面、を備える、長手方向部分と、
    前記長手方向部分の前記遠位端から横に延びる横断方向部分であって、組織を引っ張って切開するように構成された自由端を有するフックを画定し、前記横断方向部分は、
    前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の遠位端から延びる湾曲セクション、
    前記自由端に画定された先端面、
    前記湾曲セクションから前記先端面まで延びる実質的に平面の近位内側表面、及び
    前記先端面から前記遠位止血面まで延びるプラウ部材であって、切断縁部を画定する表面屈曲部から延びる第1及び第2の外側面を備える、プラウ部材を備える、横断方向部分と、
    前記第1及び第2の外側面と前記遠位止血面との表面屈曲部に画定された遠位切開縁部と、を備えており、
    前記長手方向部分が、前記実質的に平面の長手方向表面の反対側に位置する近位止血面を備える、超音波外科用ブレード。
  2. 第1及び第2の近位外側面を更に備え、前記第1及び第2の近位外側面が、前記中実本体から前記近位止血面まで延びて、前記第1及び第2の近位外側面と前記近位止血面との間の第1及び第2の表面屈曲部に画定された第1及び第2の外側切断縁部を画定する、請求項に記載の超音波外科用ブレード。
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