JP4610902B2 - 電気外科用器具および使用法 - Google Patents
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- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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Description
1.発明の技術分野
本発明は、医療用具および技術に関し、より詳細に述べると、嵌合表面の局所的ミクロスケール部分を横切る組織に加えられるRf出力レベルを実際に独立して変調することができる、嵌合表面から組織へエネルギーを加えることができる電気外科用器具の作業端であり、Rfエネルギーは単独の供給源から送出される作業端に関する。
先行技術においては、直視下手術および腹腔鏡手術において、組織容積(tissue volume)を共に凝着(coagulate)、封止(seal)、または結合(join together)するために、高周波(Rf)供給源、超音波供給源、およびレーザーのような様々なエネルギー供給源が開発されている。最も重要な外科的適用は、その中にかなりの液圧を含む血管を封止することに関連している。概して、いずれかのエネルギー源を使用する器具の作業端は、処置直後の非常に強固な「組織溶着(tissue weld)」または「組織融着」を形成する上で信頼できることは証明されていない。そのために、市販の器具、典型的にはRfまたは超音波により出力される器具の使用は、小さな血管および微小血管を伴う組織塊の封止にほとんど限定されている。先行技術のRf装置も、不揃いな壁または厚い繊維状内容物を有する解剖学的構造において、非対応性の解剖学的構造の束状構造において、実質的に厚い解剖学的構造において、または厚い筋膜層を伴う組織(例えば、直径の大きい血管)において、実質的強度を伴う封止を提供することに失敗している。
本発明に対応するシステムおよび方法は、未変性(native)の組織容積内の熱的「溶着」または「融着」の形成に関する。組織「溶着」および組織「融着」の代替的用語は、処理直後に実質的引張り強度を提供する実質的に均一な互いに融着された組織塊を生じる標的化された組織容積の熱処理を説明するために、本明細書において互換的に使用される。このような引張り強度(測定法を問わず)は、(i)血管離断法における血管の溶着のため、(ii)切除法における臓器辺縁の溶着のため、(iii)永久的な閉鎖が必要とされる他の解剖学的管路の溶着のため、および同じく(iv)血管吻合、血管閉鎖、または解剖学的構造もしくはそれらの一部を互いに結合する他の手法のために、特に重要である。
標的化された組織容積は、熱変性温度Tdに上昇させなければならず、これは約50℃〜90℃の範囲であり、より詳細に述べると約60℃〜80℃である。より大きい温度範囲内での最適Tdは、更に温熱作用の期間および嵌合された組織に加えられた圧力のレベルに応じて決まる。
熱処理は、嵌合された組織容積に応じて選択された時間にわたっていなければならず、これは0.1秒未満〜約5秒の範囲であることができる。以下に説明されるように、本発明のシステムは、約500ミリ秒〜約3000ミリ秒の範囲の熱処理期間を利用する。タンパク質絡み合いの目的は、ミリ秒で(またはマイクロ秒でさえ)達成することができるTdで生じるので、本開示は全体的にミリ秒の処理期間を説明する。
標的化された組織内で温度が上昇することができるスピードに制限はない。しかし、「全ての」タンパク質が同じマイクロ秒間隔内で変性されるように、標的化された組織容積中に非常に均一な温度を維持することが最も重要である。均一な温度Tdからの熱緩和のみが、全組織容積内に完全なタンパク質絡み合いおよび再架橋結合を生じることができる。このような温度上昇および緩和の均一性を伴わずに処理された組織は、互いに融着された組織塊とならず、その結果望ましい強度を有さないであろう。
この器具の嵌合表面は、すべての器具表面の平方マイクロメーターが、Rfエネルギー適用時に組織と接触することを保証するという特徴を有さなければならない。嵌合表面と組織の間のいずれの空気ギャップも、絶縁ギャップを超えた電気エネルギーのアークを引き起こす可能性があり、その結果組織の炭化を生じる。このような炭化(乾燥)は、局所化された組織容積の溶着を全体的に防止し、試みた溶着のいずれをも弱める更なる側副作用を生じるであろう。この理由のために、本発明に対応する嵌合表面は、(i)マクロスケールで実質的に滑らかであり、および(ii)処理時に組織表面に動的に合致する(conform)ことができる少なくとも部分的に弾性のマトリックスである。本発明のジョー構造は、典型的にはエネルギー送出する嵌合表面の側方にある握り要素を備える。さもなければ握り鋸歯は、組織と嵌合表面の間に、望ましくない「ギャップ」およびマイクロスケールの捕捉されたエアーポケットを生じうる。
標的化された組織容積に対する非常に高い外部の機械的圧力は、例えばジョー構造の嵌合表面間の、組織の溶着において重要であることが分かっている。ある局面において、先に説明したように、高い圧縮力により、変性したタンパク質が互いに押し潰され、これにより最終的には熱緩和時に高度の架橋を生じるであろう変性したタンパク質鎖の混合または挿入(intercalation)を促進しうる。
次に図2について、熱により誘導される組織溶着にとって重要な必要要件は、以下に関連することが概念的に理解することができる:(i)嵌合された組織et内のエネルギー密度の「非ランダム空間的局在化」のための手段、(ii)そのように空間的に局在化された出力適用のエネルギー密度の「制御された、時刻を決めた間隔」のための手段、および(iii)いかなるそのような局在化され時間が制御されたエネルギー適用の「出力レベルを変調する」ための手段。
図3Aおよび3Bは、捕獲された組織の離断および捕獲された組織辺縁のRfエネルギーの制御された適用による同時的溶着に適合させた、本発明の外科的把持器具の作業端を例示している。内視鏡手術においてカニューレと協働するためまたは直視下手術手技における使用のための、ジョーアセンブリ100Aは、直径が約2mm〜20mmの範囲でありうる導入器スリーブ部材106の遠位端104で保持されている。導入器部分106は、近位ハンドル(図示せず)から伸びている。このハンドルは、ピストル型の握り、またはジョーを作動するためのアクチュエーターレバー、トリガー、もしくはスライダーを保持する当技術分野において公知の他のハンドル型のいずれの型でもよく、より詳細に説明される必要はない。導入器スリーブ部分106は、ジョーを作動させるアクチュエーター機構を保持するために、また電気的エネルギーを作業端の電気外科用構成要素に送出するためのリード線109a-109bを保持するために、それを通じて伸びている穴108を有する。
図5は、ジョー112Aおよび112B内の嵌合表面層155Aおよび155Bを保持するジョー構造の拡大断面図を図示している。嵌合表面層155Aおよび155Bは、便宜上はさみ型ジョー(図4と比較)で示されており、導電性-抵抗性マトリックスシステムは、図3A〜3Bに示されたような離断しているジョー構造の各側で同一であることは理解されるべきである。
図12および図14A〜14Cは、(i)嵌合された組織においてRfエネルギー密度および微小電流経路を制御するための、および(ii)嵌合された組織の受動伝導加熱を同時に制御するための、"B"型導電性-抵抗性マトリックスシステムを保持する例証的ジョーアセンブリ200を図示している。このシステムも、エラストマー性導電性-抵抗性マトリックスCMを使用するが、セラミック製の正の温度係数の材料の実質的に剛性の導電性-抵抗性マトリックスも説明され、これも本発明の範囲内である。このジョーアセンブリ200は、導入器部材の遠位端で保持され、はさみ型構造(図4と比較)または離断型ジョー構造(図3A〜3Bと比較)であることができる。便宜上、このジョーアセンブリ200は、説明を明確にするためにはさみ型器具として示されている。
図21および22は、(i)嵌合された組織におけるRfエネルギー密度および微小電流経路の制御のため、ならびに(ii)嵌合された組織の受動伝導加熱の同時制御のために、先に説明されたような、少なくとも1つの導電性-抵抗性マトリックスCMを選択的に利用する"C"型システムを保持する、例証的ジョーアセンブリ400を図示している。
Claims (10)
- 組織を嵌合するための第1および第2の組織嵌合表面(155A,155B)と第1および第2の支持構造(158)とをそれぞれ有する第1および第2の開閉可能なジョー(112A,112B)を有する作業端を備え;
前記第1の組織嵌合表面(155A)が、前記第1の支持構造(158)の一部とポリマー体(CM;CMA)とを含み、前記第1の支持構造(158)は、第1の極性電極(165;220)として構成され、少なくとも部分的に前記ポリマー体(CM;CMA)を囲み、前記ポリマー体(CM;CMA)は、選択された組織処理温度範囲において非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルを有し;
前記非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルは、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲より低温の場合に、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲における抵抗よりも低い抵抗状態を維持し、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲において、温度上昇に従って抵抗を増加させ、
前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)が、第2の極性電極(185;225)を含み、
前記ポリマー体(CM;CMA)は、第一の部分(160a)および第二の部分(160b)を含み、前記第一の部分(160a)は、前記第二の部分(160b)よりも膨張係数の高い非導電性ポリマーからなり、前記第二の部分(160b)は、導電性材料からなり、前記第一の部分(160a)の中に分布されている、双極性電気外科用装置。 - 前記ポリマー体(CM;CMA)が、前記第1のジョー(112A)の横断面において、前記第1の支持構造(158)の横断面に対して有意な部分領域を占める横断面を有する、請求項1記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)が、前記第2の支持構造の一部をさらに含む、請求項1記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)が別のポリマー体(CMB)をさらに含み、前記別のポリマー体(CMB)は、前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)から内側に向かって延び、選択された組織処理温度範囲において非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルを有し、前記非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルは、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲より低温の場合に、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲における抵抗よりも低い抵抗状態を維持し、前記選択された組織処理温度範囲において、温度上昇に従って抵抗を増加させ、
前記別のポリマー体(CMB)は、第一の部分(160a)および第二の部分(160b)を含み、前記第一の部分(160a)は、前記第二の部分(160b)よりも膨張係数の高い非導電性ポリマーからなり、前記第二の部分(160b)は、導電性材料からなり、前記第一の部分(160a)の中に分布されている、請求項3記載の双極性電気外科用装置。 - 前記第2の支持構造が少なくとも部分的に前記別のポリマー体(CMB)を囲む、請求項4記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 前記別のポリマー体(CMB)が前記第2のジョー(112B)の横断面において、前記第2の支持構造の横断面に対して有意な部分領域を占める横断面を有する、請求項4記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 前記第2の支持構造が第1の極性電極(165;220)として構成される、請求項4記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 組織を嵌合するための第1および第2の組織嵌合表面(155A,155B)と第1および第2の支持構造(158)とをそれぞれ含む第1および第2の開閉可能なジョー(112A,112B)を有する作業端であって、前記第1の組織嵌合表面(155A)は第1の極性電極(165;220)を含み、前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)は第2の極性電極(185;225)を含む、作業端;および
前記第2の組織嵌合表面(155B)から内側に向かって延び、部分的に前記第2の支持構造に囲まれたポリマー体(CMB)であって、前記ポリマー体(CMB)は前記第2のジョー(112B)の横断面において、前記第2の支持構造の横断面に対して有意な部分領域を占める横断面を有し、前記第2のジョー(112B)の横断面は前記第2の支持構造断面および前記ポリマー体(CMB)断面を含み、前記ポリマー体(CMB)は組織を溶着するための温度処理範囲を規定する非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルを有する、ポリマー体を含み、
前記非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルは、前記温度処理範囲より低温の場合に、前記温度処理範囲における抵抗よりも低い抵抗状態を維持し、前記温度処理範囲において、温度上昇に従って抵抗を増加させ、
前記ポリマー体(CMB)は、第一の部分(160a)および第二の部分(160b)を含み、前記第一の部分(160a)は、前記第二の部分(160b)よりも膨張係数の高い非導電性ポリマーからなり、前記第二の部分(160b)は、導電性材料からなり、前記第一の部分(160a)の中に分布されている、双極性電気外科用装置。 - 前記第1の組織嵌合表面(155A)が第2の極性電極(185;225)をさらに含む、請求項8記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
- 前記第1の組織嵌合表面(155A)から内側に向かって延びる別のポリマー体(CMA)であって、前記別のポリマー体(CMA)は、前記第1のジョー(112A)の横断面において、前記第1の支持構造(158)の横断面に対して有意な部分領域を占める横断面を有し、前記第1のジョー(112A)の横断面は前記第1の支持構造(158)断面および前記別のポリマー体(CMA)断面を含み、前記別のポリマー体(CMA)は、組織を溶着するための温度処理範囲を規定する非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルを有する、ポリマー体(CM)をさらに含み、
前記非直線正勾配温度抵抗プロファイルは、前記温度処理範囲より低温の場合に、前記温度処理範囲における抵抗よりも低い抵抗状態を維持し、前記温度処理範囲において、温度上昇に従って抵抗を増加させ、
前記別のポリマー体(CM;CMA)は、第一の部分(160a)および第二の部分(160b)を含み、前記第一の部分(160a)は、前記第二の部分(160b)よりも膨張係数の高い非導電性ポリマーからなり、前記第二の部分(160b)は、導電性材料からなり、前記第一の部分(160a)の中に分布されている、請求項8記載の双極性電気外科用装置。
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2003
- 2003-01-22 AT AT03703994T patent/ATE540606T1/de active
- 2003-01-22 PT PT03703994T patent/PT1474031E/pt unknown
- 2003-01-22 WO PCT/US2003/002131 patent/WO2003061456A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-22 ES ES03703994T patent/ES2378662T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-22 CA CA2733282A patent/CA2733282C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-22 US US10/351,449 patent/US7112201B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-22 EP EP10180992.9A patent/EP2298152B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-22 AU AU2003205316A patent/AU2003205316A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-22 JP JP2003561406A patent/JP4610902B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5750621B1 (ja) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-07-22 | オリンパス株式会社 | カテーテル |
US9561349B2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2017-02-07 | Olympus Corporation | Catheter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030171748A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
EP2298153A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
US7112201B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
EP1474031B1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
EP1474031A2 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
ATE540606T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
WO2003061456A2 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1474031A4 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
AU2003205316A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
CA2733282C (en) | 2017-02-14 |
CA2733282A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
ES2378662T3 (es) | 2012-04-16 |
WO2003061456A3 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
PT1474031E (pt) | 2012-03-12 |
EP2298152B1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
CA2733138A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CA2473798A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP2298153B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP2298152A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
JP2005515808A (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
CA2473798C (en) | 2015-11-03 |
CA2733154A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CA2733138C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
CA2733154C (en) | 2012-10-09 |
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