JP5941606B2 - 高pufa油組成物 - Google Patents
高pufa油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5941606B2 JP5941606B2 JP2007540030A JP2007540030A JP5941606B2 JP 5941606 B2 JP5941606 B2 JP 5941606B2 JP 2007540030 A JP2007540030 A JP 2007540030A JP 2007540030 A JP2007540030 A JP 2007540030A JP 5941606 B2 JP5941606 B2 JP 5941606B2
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- oil
- acid
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- soybean oil
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Description
A.酸化安定性
本発明の種々の油組成物は、種々の非動物起源から抽出された油である。有利なことに、本発明の組成物は既知の油組成物よりも優れた安定性を有する。
油のOSI値に影響する数多くの因子が存在するが、この値は、油安定性についての半定量的予測を与える他の尺度とともに有用である。
ポリ不飽和脂肪酸の2つの主たるファミリーがある。具体的には、オメガ−3およびオメガ−6脂肪酸である。ヒトは、いわゆる必須脂肪酸、リノール酸 (LA; C18:2ω6)およびα-リノレン酸 (ALA; C18:3ω3)からΔ6-脱飽和経路によってオメガ−6およびオメガ−3ポリ不飽和脂肪酸を合成する。LAは、オレイン酸 (C18:1ω9)からΔ12-デサチュラーゼによって生成される。LAは、今度は、Δ6-デサチュラーゼまたはエロンガーゼによってγ-リノレン酸 (GLA; C18:3ω6)またはω6-エイコサジエン酸(EDA)に転換される。GLAおよびEDAの各々は、ついで、それぞれ、エロンガーゼまたはΔ8デサチュラーゼによって、ジホモ-γ-リノレン酸 (DGLA; C20:3)に転換される。DGLAはアラキドン酸 (AA; C20:4ω6)を生成し、Δ5デサチュラーゼによって触媒される。AAは、今度は、Δ17デサチュラーゼによってエイコサペンタエン酸 (EPA; C20:5ω3)に転換される。あるいは、LAはα-リノレン酸 (ALA; C18:3ω3)に転換し得る。ALAは、今度は、ステアリドン酸 (SDA; C18:4ω3)まてたはエイコサトリエン酸 (EtrA; C20:3ω3)のいずれかに転換する。SDAおよびEtrAの双方は、ついで、エイコサテトラエン酸 (ETA; C20:4)に転換し、それはEPAに転換する。EPAは、ついで、エロンガーゼによってドコサペンタエン酸 (DPA; C22:5)に転換し、それは、ついで、Δ4-デサチュラーゼによってドコサヘキサエン酸 (DHA; C22:6)に転換する。しかしながら、これらの経路は非常に効率が悪く、食事から直接これらのポリ不飽和脂肪酸を得るには、考慮が必要である。
なお、油組成物は海藻から抽出できる。ポリ不飽和脂肪酸を単離できる海藻は、生来レベルのポリ不飽和脂肪酸を有する海藻ならびに上昇したレベルのポリ不飽和脂肪酸を発現するように遺伝子操作された海藻を含む。生来レベルのポリ不飽和脂肪酸を含む海藻の例は、フェオダクチラム・トリコルナツム (Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、クリテコディニウム・コニイ (Crypthecodinium cohnii)、パブロバ属 (Pavlova)、イソクリシス・ガルバナ (Isochrysis galbana)、およびスラウストキトリウム (Thraustochytrium)を含む。例えば、本発明の方法は、海藻および/または米国特許第6,727,373; 6,566,583; 6,255,505; 6,136,574; 5,972,664; 5,968,809; 5,547,699; および5,407,957; および米国特許出願番号20040168648; 20030180898; 20030177508; 20030163845; 20030134400; および20010046691(これらの先行技術は、出典明示して本明細書の一部とみなされる。)の組成物および方法で生成される組換え海藻からの(ステアリドン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ガンマリノレン酸、アラキドン酸、ジホモガンマリノレン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、およびオクタデカンテトラエン酸を含む)ポリ不飽和脂肪酸の抽出および/または安定化に有用である。
安定化化合物を添加することなく油組成物の酸化安定性を促進させるとともに、油組成物は安定化剤をさらに含み得る。安定化剤は、一般に、開始期を延長し、成長期の開始を遅延させるために、油組成物に添加される。安定化剤は、安定化剤が添加されていない油の成長期の時間と比較して、約15倍以上まで成長期の開始を遅延させる。特定の安定化剤の特性に依存して、これらの化合物は、異なる作用モードを有する。いくつかの安定化剤は、金属その他の触媒種をキレートし、さもなくば、油のトリグリセリドと相互作用し、油の酸化速度を上昇させる。他の安定化剤は、抗酸化剤分子として作用し、トリグリセリドの脂肪酸をパーオキシドに酸化し、今度は、節I.Aで詳説したように他の脂肪酸で酸化する。
代表的な安定化剤は、2,4,5-トリヒドロキシブチロフェノン、2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール、3,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシアニソール、4-ヒドロキシメチル-2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール、6-エトキシ-1,2-ジヒドロ-2,2,4-トリメチルキノリン、アノクソマー、アスコルビン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、ステアリン酸アスコルビル、ベータ-アポ-8'-カロテン酸、ベータ-カロテント (Beta-Caraotent)、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、カフェ酸、アスコルビン酸カルシウム、EDTAカルシウムジナトリウム塩、カンタキサンチン、カルノゾール (Carnosol)、カルバクロール (Carvacrol)、カタラーゼ、没食子酸セチル、クロロゲン酸、クエン酸、クローブ抽出物、コーヒー豆抽出物、酢酸D-α-トコフェリル、チオジプロピオン酸ジラウリル、クエン酸ジナトリウム、EDTAジナトリウム、DL-α-トコフェロール、酢酸DL-α-トコフェリル、没食子酸ドデシル、没食子酸ドデシル、D-α-トコフェロール、エデト酸、エリトルビン酸、エスクレチン (Esculetin)、エスクリン (Esculin)、エトキシキン、没食子酸エチル、エチルマルトール、ユーカリ属抽出物 (eucalyptus extract)、フェルラ酸(Ferulicacid)、フラボノイド(典型的に、C6−C3−C6のような炭素骨格三炭素脂肪族鎖によって連結された2つの芳香族環で特徴付けられ、通常縮合してピラン環またはまれにフラン環を形成する。)、フラボン(アピゲニン (Apigenin)、クリシン (Chrysin)、ルテオリン (Luteolin)など)、フラボノール(ダチセチン (Datiscetin)、ニリセチン (Nyricetin)、デンフェロ (Daemfero)など)、フラバノン (flavanones)、およびカルコン (Chalcones)、フラキセチン (Fraxetin)、フマル酸、ゲンチアナ抽出物、グルコン酸、グルコースオキシダーゼ、ヘプチルパラベン、ヘスペレチン (hesperetin)、ヒドロキシケイ皮酸、ヒドロキシグルタル酸、ヒドロキシチロゾール、クエン酸イソプロピル、レシチン、レモン果汁固形物、レモン果汁、L-酒石酸、ルテイン、リコペン、リンゴ酸、マルトール、没食子酸メチル、メチルパラベン、モリン (Morin)、N-ヒドロキシコハク酸、ノルジヒドロガイアレン酸 (Nordihydroguaiaretic acid)、没食子酸オクチル、P-クマリン酸、ホスファチジルコリン、リン酸、P-ヒドロキシ安息香酸、フィチン酸(六リン酸イノシトール)、ピメント抽出物、亜硫酸水素カリウム、乳酸カリウム、メタ亜硫酸水素カリウム、酒石酸カリウムナトリウム無水物、没食子酸プロピル、ピロリン酸、ケルセチン (Quercetin)、米ぬか抽出物 (ice bran extract)、ローズマリー抽出物(RE)、ロズマリン酸 (Rosmarinic acid)、セージ抽出物、セサモール (sesamol)、シナピン酸 (Sinapic acid)、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム、エリソルビン酸ナトリウム、次リン酸ナトリウム、次リン酸ナトリウム、メタ亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物、三リン酸ナトリウム、ダイズ粉、コハク酸、スクロース、シリング酸 (Syringic acid)、酒石酸、t-ブチルヒドロキノン(TBHQ)、チモール (Thymol)、トコフェロール、酢酸トコフェリル、トコトリエノール、トランス-レスベラトロール (trans-Resveratrol)、チロゾール (Tyrosol)、バニリン酸、小麦胚芽油、ゼアキサンチン (Zeaxanthin)、α-テルピネオール (α-terpineol)、およびそれらの組合せを含む。
概略、本発明の油を含有するSDAは、低いトータルインパクトを有する。かくして、本発明のもうひとつの態様は、組成物中の脂肪酸またはそれらの誘導体の全重量に対して少なくとも約0.4、1、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、15、16、17、18、19、20重量%以上の、4以上の炭素−炭素二重結合を有する少なくともひとつのポリ不飽和脂肪酸またはその誘導体を含む油組成物であり、前記組成物は、約2.5までの芳香トータルインパクトスコアを有し、ここに、トータルインパクトは標準化官能評価によって決定される。
概略、以下のステップを用いて種子油を加工する:準備 (preparation)、破砕および剥皮 (cracking and dehulling)、調節 (conditioning)、粉砕 (milling)、フレーク化すなわち圧搾 (flaking or pressing)、抽出 (extracting)、精錬 (degumming)、精製 (refining)、漂白および脱臭 (bleaching and deodorizing)。これらのステップの各々は、後でより詳細に説明する。市場アプリケーションで現在用いられている各ステップのプロセスを詳細に説明する。当業者は、これらのステップを組合せたり、異なる順序で用いたり、改良したりすることを知っているであろう。
いくつかの場合、調節ステップは、高PUFAレベルの種子に対しては、酸素暴露を最小限化し、低めの温度の条件下で行う。
揮発物質を脱臭器からはき出すためのアゼオトロープまたはキャリアガスとして用いる窒素または蒸気ストリッピングの助けによって、トリグリセリドから分離できる。
一般に、油組成物を貯蔵する場合、脂肪酸のさらなる酸化を最小限化することが有利である。ひとつの酸化反応物は一重項酸素であり、それは光および光増感剤によって発生される。一重項酸素は、三重項酸素の何倍もの速度で反応する。かくして、さらなる酸化を最小限化するひとつのやり方は、油を暗闇または実質的に不透明な容器中に貯蔵して、好ましくは、不活性ガスの存在下でそれらを適度な温度に保つことである。好ましくは、油は、貯蔵条件および/または安定化剤と対となり、油の風味、臭い、色などの転換を阻害する安定特性を有することである。
節Iに記載の油組成物のいずれか1を含む食品を調製できる。特に、食用組成物は、スプレードライまたはフリーズドライの食品片 (food particle)、押出し物(an extruded food)、肉製品、疑似肉、シリアル製品、スナック食品、焼き物 (baked good)、健康食品、揚げ物 (fried food)、乳製品、疑似チーズ、疑似ミルク、ペットフード、飼料または養殖餌 (aquiculture feed)を含む食品または疑似食品 (food analog)を含み得る。もうひとつの具体例において、食品は飲料であり;この飲料は、成人用栄養補給調製物 (an adult nutritional formula)、幼児用調製物(an infant formula)、ジュース、乳飲料、豆乳、ヨーグルトドリンク、スムージー、または、非乳製品クリーマーのごとき復元可能な乾燥粉であり得る。さらに、食品は、栄養サプリメント、スプレッド、マーガリン、サラダドレッシング、調理油、冷凍練り物 (a refrigerated dough product)、電子レンジポップコーン、ヨーグルト、チーズ、クリームチーズ、サワークリームまたはマヨネーズのごとき乳製品、パン、ロールパン、ケーキ、ペーストリー、クッキー、マフィンまたはクラッカーのごとき焼き物 (baked good)、前菜、副菜、スープ、ソース、グラノーラ、シリアル、スナックバー、栄養補給バー、または菓子であり得る。
各安定化剤のポリエチレングリコール溶液を調製した。溶液は、高速で、5分間渦動した。窒素置換グローブボックス中、各溶液の適量をテフロン製蓋つき60ccガラス褐色ビン中の2.5g(2.77mL)試験油に添加して、混合物を得た。これらの混合物をついで高速で1分間渦動した。これらの混合物の一部をついでプラスチックピペットで取り出し、褐色バイアルに入れた。
この実験に含まれる油は:実験規模およびパイロット規模(PS)で加工された20%SDAテストアーティクル(TA);等価であり、SDAネガティブである("Processes for Preparation of oil components"と題され、2005年11月4日に出願され、代理人番号MTC6921.201 (38-21 (53354C))の米国特許出願番号に記載された実施例45および46のプロセス条件を用いて調製された)無添加物;およびダイズ対照油1である。さらに、20%SDA油をダイズ対照油1または無添加油とブレンドして4%SDA油ブレンドを調製した。55℃にてのPVおよびAV対時間に基づきこれらの油の安定性における相対ランキングは、安定性が最も低い油からTA-Lab < TA-(PS) < CA入りTA-PS < CA入りTA-Lab << CA入り4%ブレンド(TA-PS無添加物) < CA入り4%ブレンド (TA-PSプラスダイズ対照油1) < 無添加物 < ダイズ対照油1である(図2を参照せよ)。安定性の相対ランキングは、PVまたはAV値が10と交わる時刻を比較して決定した。一般に、これは、開始期から成長期への転移の始まる点である。25℃にて(図3を参照せよ)、5種の油が開始期から成長期に転移し(AVによる)、それらは、明らかに定性的および定量的に55℃で得られたデータの相対位置と同じであった。
油の加速エージングおよび酸化安定性評価の方法は、McGill University [J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc, 2003, 80, 635-41; J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc, 2004, 81, 111-6]から公開された方法を採用した。この方法は、調製の間空気から油を保護し、一定の膜厚を確実にするために採用された。IR分光分析器への搭載が簡便な長方形のボール紙製カードに搭載したPTFEフィルム(テフロンRのごときポリテトラフルオロエチレン)上で油膜を調製した。カードは、International Crystal Laboratories, Garfield, NJ, part no. 0006-7363から購入した。
ΔPV(meq/kg)=Δ面積×228.4
[式中、ΔPVはパーオキシド値の変化であり、Δ面積はピーク面積の変化であり、オムニックソフトウェアによってレポートされる。]の関係が分かった。
AV低下樹脂
AV=5.41のSDAカノーラ油のサンプルを用いて、特定の樹脂が油中のAV値を低下させるという考えを確かめた。10gの油を微量「ホイートンタイプ」RBFに添加し、真空にできる装置を接続した。各実験につき、1グラムの樹脂を油に添加した。樹脂#1は2-(4-トルエンスルホニルヒドラジン)-エチル-官能化シリカゲル、200-400メッシュ (Aldrich 552593-25g)であった。樹脂#2は、3-アミノプロピル-官能化シリカゲル (Aldrich 36,425-8)であった。ついで、混合物を真空下系内で脱ガスした。ついで、油を110℃油浴に下ろし、撹拌棒で1時間混合した。混合物を冷却し、0.2μmアクロディスクR (acrodisc)でろ過し、分析に回した。実験1を繰り返して、2つのAV値を得た。
芳香実験(官能試験1)の目的は、SDA富化ダイズ油の芳香を特徴付けることにあった。リファレンスの枠組みとして、加工対照ダイズ油(無添加種子油)、ならびにいくつかの市販のダイズ油および、魚油および海藻油を含有するオメガ−3の芳香も試験した。
試験油1は15%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LGNBP739406615BJ9);試験油2は15%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LLNBP739406915CK1);試験油3は20%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LMNBP739406920AQ6);試験油4は20%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LHNBP739406920BJ7);試験油5は20%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LEGLP050115725SN5);試験油6は20%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LTAGT050115759SN3);試験油7は等価対照RBDダイズ油 (LMAGT050115757SU0);試験油8は15%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油(LC739406615BX1);試験油9は21%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LZAGT050115759SJ9);試験油10はクエン酸入り17%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LHAGT050716475SO3);試験油11はクエン酸入り17%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LLAGT050716477SY1);および試験油12はクエン酸入り17%SDA-富化RBDダイズ油 (LEAGT050716481SU5)である。対照油1はプールした無添加物からのRBDダイズ油 (LGAGT050115757SU9);対照油2はプールしたクエン酸入り無添加物からのRBDダイズ油 (LNAGT050716474SW4);および対照油3はプールしたクエン酸入り無添加物からのRBDダイズ油 (LMAGT050816495SL7)である。
ダイズ油(3720g)およびオメガ−3植物性油(1800g)をブレンドして、以下の油組成物を得た:
遊離脂肪酸、% 0.35
パーオキシド値 0.09
色 1.3Y 0.0R
クロロフィル、ppm 0.00
アニシジン値 0.20
脂肪酸組成、%
C14 (ミリスチン酸) 0.04
C16 (パルミチン酸) 11.15
C16:1n7 (パルミトオレイン酸) 0.11
C18:0 (ステアリン酸) 4.58
C18:1n9 (オレイン酸) 20.24
C18:1 (オクタデセン酸) 1.36
C18:2n6 (リノール酸) 45.17
C18:3n6 (ガンマリノレン酸) 3.00
C18:3n3 (アルファリノレン酸) 3.41
C18:4n3 (オクタデカテトラエン酸) 3.21
C20:3n6 (ジホモガンマリノレン酸) 0.05
C20:4n6 (アラキドン酸) 0.20
C20:5n3 (エイコサペンタエン酸) 2.95
C22:6n3 (ドコサヘキサエン酸) 1.96
C20 (アラキドン酸) 0.35
C20:1n9 (エイコセン酸) 0.15
C22 (ベヘン酸) 0.32
C24 (リグノセリン酸) 0.12
その他 1.64
Claims (9)
- 組成物中の脂肪酸またはそれらの誘導体の全重量に対して3〜30重量%のステアリドン酸またはその誘導体を含む精製され、漂白され、脱臭されたダイズ油組成物であって、ここに該ダイズ油組成物が添加されたステアリドン酸を有するダイズ油以外のものであって、3未満のアニシジン値を有する該ダイズ油組成物。
- 組成物が、1meq/kg未満のパーオキシド値を有する、請求項1に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- さらに4以上の炭素−炭素二重結合を有する2以上のポリ不飽和脂肪酸またはその誘導体を含み、3未満のアニシジン値を有する、請求項1に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- 組成物が遺伝子組換えダイズ油である、請求項1に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- 組成物が2.5までの芳香トータルインパクトスコアを有し、ここに、トータルインパクトは標準化官能評価によって決定される、請求項1に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- 組成物が2.5までの芳香/風味トータルインパクトスコアを有し、ここに、トータルインパクトは標準化官能評価によって決定される、請求項1に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- 組成物中の脂肪酸またはその誘導体の総重量に基づいて10〜30重量%のステアリドン酸またはその誘導体を含む、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載のダイズ油組成物。
- 請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載のダイズ油組成物を含む、食料、飲料、栄養サプリメントまたは調理油。
- さらに、クエン酸、t-ブチルヒドロキノン、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、没食子酸プロピル、およびそれらの組合せよりなる群から選択される安定化剤を含む、請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載のダイズ油組成物、飲料、栄養サプリメントまたは調理油。
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CN107290493A (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-10-24 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | 一种抽油烟机及检测油品质的方法 |
CN107290493B (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-06-14 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | 一种抽油烟机及检测油品质的方法 |
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