JP2012503780A - 分析物を検出する方法 - Google Patents
分析物を検出する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012503780A JP2012503780A JP2011529234A JP2011529234A JP2012503780A JP 2012503780 A JP2012503780 A JP 2012503780A JP 2011529234 A JP2011529234 A JP 2011529234A JP 2011529234 A JP2011529234 A JP 2011529234A JP 2012503780 A JP2012503780 A JP 2012503780A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる2008年9月24日出願の米国仮出願第61/099,830号の恩典を主張する。
特定の標的を検出する重要性
特定の分子、細胞、およびウイルスの標的を検出する方法は、医学および獣医学の診断、環境試験、および産業品質管理にとって基本的手段である。臨床医学における特定の標的を検出する方法例は、市販の迅速妊娠検査、特定の抗生物質に対する感染体の耐性を決定するための微生物培養検査、および血液試料中の癌マーカーに関する高度に自動化された検査を含む。食物中の病原体汚染物質の検出、創薬の候補化合物のハイスループットスクリーニング、および薬剤中の活性成分の定量化は、特定の標的の存在を決定する方法に依存する工業生産用途を例示する。特定の標的の検査を要する環境用途は、給水汚染、空中生物学的脅威剤、および家庭真菌汚染の検出を含む。
特定の標的を検出する方法は正確であるべきであり、即ち高感度で特異的であるべきである。該方法は、標的が有意な量で存在する場合に標的を検出する程度に高感度であるべきである。また、特異的であるべきであり、標的が有意な量で存在しない場合には標的の存在を示すべきでない。他の有益な特性は、潜在的な標的分析物の幅広さ、迅速な結果、使い易さ、費用対効果、標的定量化、および自動化を含む。種々の望ましい特性の重要性は、特定の用途および検査の場に依存し得る。
検査方法は広範な特定の標的を検出できるべきである。代表的な標的の種類は、ヒト細胞(例えば、HIV/AIDS診断におけるCD4+細胞)、細菌細胞(例えば、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus Aureus)即ちMRSAまたは大腸菌(E.coli))、ウイルス(例えば、C型肝炎ウイルス)、プリオン(例えば、牛海綿状脳症病原体、「狂牛」病の原因)、高分子(例えば、タンパク質、DNA、RNA、炭水化物)、および小分子(例えば、化学療法薬、脂質、糖類、アミノ酸、ヌクレオチド)を含む。
特定の細胞、ウイルス、または分子を検出するための一つの重要なアプローチは、標的に特異的に結合する光学的に検出可能な標識を用いて標的にタグを付けることである。標的に特異的な標識は、高分子(例えば、抗体、タンパク質受容体、核酸、炭水化物、およびレクチン)ならびに小分子(例えば、ホルモン、乱用薬物、代謝物)を含む様々な種類の標的結合部分を有し得る。標的に特異的な標識の検出可能なシグナリング部分は、蛍光、リン光、クロモゲニシティ(chromogenicity)、化学発光、光散乱、およびラマン散乱を含む様々なシグナリングモードを使用し得る。
特異的に標識された標的の分子、細胞、およびウイルスの存在について試料を検査するために、様々な方法が開発されてきた。技術は、収容する試料の種類、標的に対する標識の結合モード、標識により送達されるシグナルの種類、検出される複数の標識標的、結合標識と非結合標識を識別する方法、および特異的に標識された標的を検出するための技術において相違する。
画像化は検出表面上で特異的に選択された標識標的を検出するための強力な方法である。画像化方法は、検出域の各点から発する光信号を画像の対応点に位置付ける。対照的に、非画像化検出方法は一般に全検出域から発する光信号を統合する。
個々の微視的標的を計数するために高倍率の顕微鏡を使用する方法が幾つかある。顕微鏡画像は、各画像が小面積しかサンプリングしないため、感度に欠ける。より大きな面積が連続して画像化され得るが、多数の画像収集は困難であり、費用および時間がかかる。あるいは、標識された微視的標的は個々に検出され低倍率の大面積画像を用いて計数され得る。低倍率の画像は単一の画像において比較的大面積で少数の微視的標的を計数し得る。
特異的に標識された標的を検出するために、方法は一般に結合標識から非結合標識および他の標識物を除去または識別しなければならない。一つの一般的なアプローチは標識標的複合体の物理的選択を用い、その後、遊離標識は反復洗浄により除去され得る。このアプローチは、効果的である一方、一般に手動方法では作業を要し、または自動化システムでは高性能の液体処理工学を要する。
標識標的に特異的な結合部分と特異的に複合体形成した標的を検出する幾つかの方法が開発されてきた。方法の1種は標的分子に結合しない限り信号を発しない標識を使用する。これらの標識には、個々の標識標的の効率的な大面積検出に十分強力な信号を発しないという限度がある。洗浄を要しない別の方法は、非結合標識から標識標的複合体を分離するために液相障壁を通した選択を用いる。このアプローチは高感度画像分析よりむしろ検出域統合を用いるため高感度に欠ける。
発明の概観
本発明は、個々の標識標的を計数するための高感度大面積および洗浄工程を要しない方法論を用いて微視的標的(細胞、ウイルス、分子(例えば、タンパク質、DNA、RNA、もしくは炭水化物などの高分子、および、例えば化学療法薬、脂質、糖、アミノ酸、もしくはヌクレオチドなどの小分子)、または分子複合体)の存在に関して試料を試験する。本発明のこれらの特性は、正確、高感度、特異的、迅速、使い易い、および費用効果的な試験を可能にする一方、機器工学を簡略化し、ユーザの工程を最小限にする。該方法は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる2009年9月24日に出願され、標題が「Imaging analyzer for testing analytes」の国際出願第 号および本明細書に記載される画像分析器、ならびに/または参照により本明細書に組み入れられる2009年9月24日に出願され、標題が「Kits and devices for detecting analytes」の国際出願第 号および本明細書に記載されるキットもしくは装置を用いて実施され得る。
1.試料
2.標的
3.試料処理
4.試験装置
5.標識
6.選択
7.検定形式
8.接触
9.沈着
10.標識標的の識別
11.検出
12.分析
13.アセンブリ。
標的を潜在的に含み本発明により試験され得る試料は、液体、固体、気体、または3つ全ての組み合わせであり得る。試料の種類は、臨床(例えば、血液または尿)、製造(例えば、食品または医薬)、および環境(例えば、空気、地表、または水)を含む。試料は、例えば溶質および僅かな微粒子を含む液体など、実質的に均一であり、または試料は、土壌などの環境試料から粘土懸濁液もしくは他の粒子など、不均一であり得る。試料は、1つまたは複数の標的を含み、ならびに標的は天然もしくは合成の標的、または天然および合成の標的の混合物であり、例えば血液試料はホルモン(天然物質)も合成薬も含み得る。
標的は、試料中に潜在的に存在する細胞、ウイルス、分子(例えば、タンパク質、DNA、RNA、もしくは炭水化物などの高分子、および、例えば化学療法薬、脂質、糖、アミノ酸、もしくはヌクレオチドなどの小分子)、または分子複合体であり、その存在が本発明により試験される。多数の異なる種類の標的が本発明を用いて検出およびまたは定量化され得る。多数の異なる種類の標的を選択的に検出する能力は本発明の利点である。
試料は、試験される試料および検定に応じて様々な方法で検定に提示され得る。これらは、輸送媒体のスワブまたはサンプリング部位から得られるスワブ;全血、血清または血漿の管;ランスの使用後に指先に提示される全血滴、または耳たぶもしくは前腕などの他の表面に提示される全血滴;容器に存在する定形または形を成さない便;濾紙または膜などの輸送媒体上にスポットされる全血などの試料;皮膚または他の体表面上に存在する涙または汗滴を含むがこれらに限定されない。
本発明は多数の構成の試験装置で実施され得る。本発明工程を実施するために、装置は、一般に、試料と他成分とを互いに接触させる反応ウェル、および検出器により個々の標識標的複合体を画像化する検出面を含む画像化ウェルを含む。検出面は検出帯から検出器へのシグナル伝送を可能にする。画像化ウェルは反応ウェルとしても役立ち得る。あるいは、試験装置は個別の反応ウェルおよび画像化ウェルを含み得る。または、2種類のウェルを含む個別の装置が用いられ得る。試験反応は反応ウェルから画像化ウェルに手動または自動で移動し得る。
反応における標的の存在を検出するために、標的はシグナリング部分と接触し複合体形成する。検出帯内の標識標的は画像化の際に検出可能なシグナルを生じる。
本発明は一般に画像化用に検出帯に標識標的を沈着させ遊離シグナリング部分からの境界を分離または識別するために選択を用いる。
本発明は広範囲の標的を検出し得る。多数の態様は、「サンドウィッチ」形式で実施され、標的は、画像化法による検出を可能にするために標識され、画像化できるように検出帯内での標識標的の沈着を可能にするために選択部分とさらに複合体形成する。標識および選択の方法の的確な選択は、試料の性質、用いられる検出方法、および標的自体の性質に依存する。
接触工程により、選択部分と複合体形成した標識標的を形成できる。標識標的の形成および選択部分と複合体形成した標的の形成は、任意順序で連続して起き得る、または同時に起き得る。
本発明の態様は、画像化用の検出帯内で標識標的を沈着する工程を含む。代替として、本発明の方法は試料における標的の存在の代理として検出帯内で標的競合相手の検出を含み得る(標的競合相手は検出表面上に沈着してもしなくてもよい)。用いられる沈着様式は使用される選択部分の種類による。選択様式の例は図3で説明される。
本発明は、標的との結合の結果として検出帯で沈着したシグナリング部分と選択された標的と結合していない標識とを識別する方法を改良した。結合標識と遊離標識の識別は、本発明の検定が短いインキュベーション時間で高感度を有するように設計される場合に必要なため、標識が標的を超過して存在する場合に特別な問題である。結合標識と遊離標識の識別の改良は、バックグラウンドシグナル(標識標的-選択部分複合体によるものでない画像中で検出されるシグナル)の減少により本発明の検定の感度および特異性を向上させる。複合体は上記の沈着工程により検出帯で物理的に濃縮されるが、検出帯内の非結合標識も検出帯外部の非結合標識も検出可能な光シグナルを画像に提供し得る。
本発明の方法において、検出帯に沈着する標識標的-選択部分複合体はデジタル画像の使用により検出される。シグナリング部分の検出に適したデジタル撮像装置が提供されなければならない。シグナリング部分が蛍光またはリン光である場合、適切な励起光源ならびに励起および放射フィルターも提供される。シグナリング部分が化学発光もしくは生物発光、または発色性である場合、高密度クッションはシグナルの生成に適切な基質および補因子も含む。
デジタル画像化の使用は本発明の検定のダイナミックレンジを拡大し得る。本発明の好ましい態様において、検出帯に沈着する個々の捕捉標的は、画像化される場合、デジタル画像に検出可能な対象物の生成をもたらす。検出されるべき個別の明るい対象物に関して十分に少ない対象物が画像に存在する場合、それぞれの対象物は画像中に斑点として同定され計数され得る。この取り組みは、検出される全シグナルが画像の総画素数のごく一部のみ占める場合でさえ、少数のシグナル部分の正確な計数を可能にする。画像のそれぞれの画素数の全シグナルが画像にわたって統合されるなら、特定のシグナルはバックグランド範囲の強度の画素数のより多数のノイズで平均化することにより消失するであろう。検出対象物の数が増加するにつれ、これらの対象物からのシグナルが融合し始め、単一対象物の計数が不正確になる。この場合、シグナルの全強度は統合され、正確な定量化および画像化装置の完全なダイナミックレンジの使用を可能にする。
本発明の反応は様々な方法でユーザに提示され得る。一般に、本発明に従った標的の検出に必要なそれぞれの成分がユーザに提供され、ユーザは標的の存在について試験されるべき試料を供給する。これらの成分は下記を含む:
接触反応の成分
-画像化ウェルと分離した或いは組み合わされた反応ウェル
-標的の検出の必要に応じて結合部分とコンジュゲートさせたシグナル部分
-標的の検出の必要に応じて結合部分とコンジュゲートさせた選択部分
-反応の最適性能に必要な添加剤
-検出帯からバルク反応を光学的におよび/または物理的に分離するための色素、クッションおよび/または染色クッション。
この実施例は、画像化による検出用に細菌標的を標識する方法を実証する蛍光DNA染色を用いた黄色ブドウ球菌細菌細胞の標識を記載する。細菌標的の標識は、臨床、産業、および環境分析に適用されるように、多数の分析状況において重要である。蛍光色素を用いた細菌標識の利用は、非拡大画像を用いて細菌を容易に計数できる驚異的なシグナルが生成し得るため、本発明に照らして一般用途を有する。
この実施例はニワトリ抗黄色ブドウ球菌プロテインA抗体とコンジュゲートさせた蛍光粒子の製造を記載する。これらの粒子は、カテゴリー結合部分と複合体形成し従って標的に特異的に結合するシグナリング部分を含むため、黄色ブドウ球菌に特異的な標識として役立つ。これらの粒子は驚異的なシグナルを放射し非拡大画像化を用いて容易に計数できるため、標的に特異的な蛍光粒子は本発明に照らして一般用途を有する。
この実施例は標的に特異的な蛍光粒子を用いた黄色ブドウ球菌細菌細胞の標識方法を記載する。これらの粒子は驚異的なシグナルを放射し非拡大画像化を用いて容易に計数できるため、標的に特異的な蛍光粒子の使用は本発明に照らして一般用途を有する。従って、該方法は、臨床、産業、および環境試料において低濃度で個々の細胞標的および分子標的を検出し計数するために用いられ得る。
実施例4は、黄色ブドウ球菌細胞の検出において特異的選択剤として用いられる黄色ブドウ球菌のプロテインAに対する抗体とコンジュゲートさせた磁気粒子の製造を記載する。この実施例は標的に結合する特異的選択部分の製造および機能性試験を記載する。
この実施例は洗浄工程を含まない検定においてシグナルバックグラウンドを減らすための色素の使用を実証する。抗体結合磁気粒子の使用を通して、抗体結合蛍光粒子による標的の特異的標識の使用と標的の特異的選択とを組み合わせる。反応への色素の添加により、検出帯におけるシグナリング部分の検出を可能にする一方、検出帯の外部に存在する反応の非結合粒子によるシグナルを排除する。この実施例において、ヒト血清中のヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモン(hTSH)の検定は、記載色素の存在下で画像化されるマウスモノクローナル抗hTSH抗体で被覆した磁気粒子を用いる磁気選択と組み合わせたマウスモノクローナル抗hTSH抗体で被覆した蛍光粒子を用いた標識を利用する。
この実施例において、本発明の実践に有用な色素-クッション試薬(例えば、色素および密度剤の混合物を含む試薬)が記載される。実施例は調製仕様を提供し、検定バックグラウンドを減少させ且つ検定反応物質を分離するための洗浄なしに一容器で検定を実施するために用いられ得る色素-クッション試薬の寄与を実証する。
この実施例は、粒子などの固体および細胞を含み得る上部反応混合物と、検出表面に近接する検出帯との分離を維持するクッション試薬の能力を視覚的に実証する。検出帯からの上部反応を分離するためのクッションの使用は、全血試料中の赤血球細胞を適切な密度のクッションを含むウェルの底部に沈降するのを妨げる能力により証明される。
この実施例は、洗浄工程のない非拡大画像化によりヒト全血におけるヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモン(hTSH)の検定を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト全血試料に含まれるTSH分子と結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗hTSHで被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-TSH-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。反応は反応ウェルで実行し、反応混合物は、磁気選択が適用される前に、画像ウェルの色素クッションの最上部に移される。
この実施例は、洗浄工程のない非拡大画像化によりヒト血漿におけるヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモン(hTSH)の検定を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト全血試料に含まれるTSH分子と結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗hTSHで被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-TSH-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。反応は反応ウェルで実行し、反応混合物は、磁気選択が適用される前に、画像ウェルの色素クッションの最上部に移される。
この実施例は、ヒト血漿における細菌毒素である炭疽菌の致死因子の検定を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト血漿試料に含まれる致死因子分子と結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗炭疽致死因子で被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-致死因子-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。反応は反応ウェルで実行し、反応混合物は、磁気選択が適用される前に、画像ウェルの色素クッションに積層される。
この実施例は、ヒト血漿における細菌毒素成分である炭疽菌の炭疽防御抗原の検定を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト血漿試料に含まれる防御抗原分子と結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗炭疽防御抗原で被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-防御抗原-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。反応は反応ウェルで実行し、反応混合物は、磁気選択が適用される前に、画像ウェルの色素クッションに積層される。
この実施例は、ヒト尿における細菌カプセルポリペプチドである炭疽菌のポリ-D-γ-グルタミン酸の検定を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト血漿試料に含まれるPDGAと結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗PDGAで被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-PDGA-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。反応は反応ウェルで実行し、反応混合物は、磁気選択が適用される前に、画像ウェルの色素クッション上に積層される。
この実施例は、ヒト全血における細菌毒素である炭疽菌の致死因子を検定するための完全自動化ハイスループットサージ試験機器の使用を記載する。検定は、シグナリング部分および選択部分をヒト血漿試料に含まれる致死因子分子と結合させるためにマウスモノクローナル抗炭疽致死因子で被覆した蛍光粒子および磁気粒子を使用する。蛍光粒子-致死因子-磁気粒子複合体は色素クッションを通した磁気選択を用いて検出帯に沈着する。異なる濃度の致死因子を添加した全血試料を含む試料担体は該機器に提示された。該機器は組み立てられ、反応ウェルで反応をインキュベートした後、画像ウェルの色素クッション上に各反応を重ね合わせ、ウェルを磁気選択ステーションに移送し、該ウェルを自動的に画像化した。
実施例15は、競合検定形式を用いて、洗浄工程を要しない拡大画像化を用いて、炭疽ポリ-γ-D-グルタミン酸(PDGA)の検定を記載する。小分子(ハプテン)は一般に単一の特異的結合部分によってのみ結合し得る。これにより、シグナリング部分および選択部分に結合するカテゴリー結合部分による同時結合はできない。このような標的は「競合」形式の利用を通して本発明の方法により更に分析され得る。多数の異なるバージョンの「競合」結合検定は当技術分野で周知である。
この実施例は、試験結果に及ぼすマトリクスの影響について試験するために、試験試料で行われる平行な陽性および陰性の内部対照の本発明のある態様への組み込みを記載する。試験マトリクスで行われる内部対照の組み込みは、試験結果の精度を確保し、偽結果および再試験の必要性を減らす。
この実施例は、非特異的染色剤を用いた後に特異的標的を検出するために標的特異的磁気粒子を使用する黄色ブドウ球菌細胞の染色方法を記載する。非特異的染色剤と組み合わせた標的特異的磁気粒子の使用は、標的の染色および捕捉により、非拡大画像化を用いて容易に標的を計数できるため、本発明に照らして一般的用途を有する。
この実施例は、特異的標的を検出するために、抗プロテインA抗体で被覆した蛍光粒子を用いた黄色ブドウ球菌細胞の特異的標識方法(実施例2)および磁気粒子を用いた特異的捕捉方法(実施例4)を記載する。色素-クッションの使用と組み合わせた標的特異的蛍光粒子および磁気粒子の使用は、標的の染色および捕捉により、洗浄工程なしで非拡大画像化を用いて容易に標的を計数できるため、本発明に照らして一般的用途を有する。
この実施例において、本発明者らは、メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌細胞(MRSA)の迅速な検出のため、増殖中に表現型選択に基づく薬物耐性細菌の検定を記載する。この実施例は、非特異的染色剤を用いた後に特異的標的を検出するために標的特異的磁気粒子を使用する黄色ブドウ球菌細菌細胞の染色方法を記載する。選択的増殖、ならびにその後の標的特異的磁気粒子および非特異的染色剤の使用の組み合わせは、差示的増殖後の標的の染色および捕捉により、非拡大画像化を用いて容易に標的を計数でき、細菌の異なる特徴(薬物耐性など)を検出し得るため、本発明に照らして一般的用途を有する。
この実施例は、ヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモン(hTSH)の検出のための凍結乾燥による個々の試薬の安定化を記載する。この実施例で記載する方法は一般的に本発明の他の態様で使用される試薬に適用可能である。
この実施例は、凍結乾燥による層状に付着した黄色ブドウ球菌の検出用試薬の安定化を記載する。この実施例で記載する方法は一般的に本発明の他の態様で使用される試薬に適用可能である。
上記の実施例8〜17は、遊離シグナリング複合体および非標的と結合した非選択シグナリング複合体から「バックグラウンド」シグナルを減らすために、シグナリング部分、選択部分、および色素-クッション試薬の使用を通して、特異的に標的を、および低濃度または小数の標的を画像化および検定する方法を記載する。
低濃度または小数の標的の検出は、シグナリング部分-標的-選択部分複合体の特異的検出を必要とする。この実施例は、黄色ブドウ球菌細胞の特異的検出を増強するために、SYBR(登録商標)Greenの光退色およびニワトリ抗黄色ブドウ球菌プロテインAで標識された黄色ブドウ球菌細菌細胞の使用方法を記載する。
低濃度または小数の標的の検出は、シグナリング部分-標的-選択部分複合体の特異的検出を必要とする。この実施例は、非特異的バックグラウンドに対して真のシグナリング部分-標的-選択部分複合体の特異的検出を増強するために、SYBR(登録商標)Greenで標識された黄色ブドウ球菌細菌細胞の光退色の利用方法を記載する。
概観。この実施例は自動分析器における本発明の自動性能を実証する(図43、44)。分析器は画像ウェルを含むカートリッジに対応し(図42)、磁気選択を用いて、標識標的選択部分の複合体を画像ウェルの検出表面上に沈着させる。分析器は、個々の標識標的複合体を画像化するためのCMOSカメラを内蔵し、試料容器運搬、インキュベーション、焦点合わせ、画像分析、および結果報告のためのソフトウェアおよびハードウェアを有する。分析器は1時間当たり40試料までの処理能力を有し、大量の臨床検査の適用に有用である。食品加工および獣医検査の適用にも用いられ得る。
Claims (62)
- 試料中の1つまたは複数の標的を検出する方法であって、
a)検出表面を含む容器に>1mmの最短線寸法を有する検出域を提供する工程;
b)容器内の液体上部層において、シグナリング部分、選択部分、および該標的を含む組成物を接触させ、該標的と該シグナリング部分または該選択部分との複合体を形成する工程;
c)選択力を加えて該上部層の該選択部分を下部クッション層を通って移動させ検出表面と接触させる工程;ならびに
d)検出域に対応する検出帯内で該シグナリング部分の個々の複合体を同時に検出することにより、5×未満の倍率で該標的を検出する工程
を含み、洗浄工程を含まず、かつ該標的が少なくとも2つの直交次元で50ミクロン未満である、方法。 - シグナリング部分が光子シグナリング特徴を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分または選択部分がカテゴリー結合分子とコンジュゲートする、請求項1記載の方法。
- カテゴリー結合分子が抗体、抗原、レクチン、核酸分子、リガンド、受容体、または小分子である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 下部クッション層がシグナリング部分を出入りする光の生成または透過に干渉する色素を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が特異的に標的に結合する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 標的が細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 細胞が細菌細胞である、請求項7記載の方法。
- 細菌細胞が黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)細胞または炭疽菌(Bacillus anthracis)細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 細胞の内部成分に特異的に結合する第2のシグナリング部分と細胞とを接触させる工程をさらに含む、請求項7記載の方法。
- 内部成分が核酸分子または脂質である、請求項10記載の方法。
- 第2のシグナリング部分を光退色させる工程および上部層内または下部クッション層内で工程(b)のシグナリング部分を検出する工程を工程(c)の後にさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 標的が微生物細胞により分泌される分子である、請求項1記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が蛍光粒子である、請求項1記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分がDNA染色剤を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の前に試料が微生物増殖培地と混合され、続いて1時間より長くインキュベーションされる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 微生物増殖培地が抗生物質または微生物増殖阻害剤を含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分または選択部分が容器内で乾燥形態にある、請求項1記載の方法。
- 下部クッション層が容器内で乾燥形態にある、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、標的を含む組成物が下部のクッションを水和させる、請求項19記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、標的を含む組成物が上部層および下部クッション層を水和させる、請求項20記載の方法。
- 上部層がシグナリング部分を出入りする光の生成または透過に干渉する色素をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 標的がヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモンまたは炭疽菌抗原から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗原が致死因子(LF)、防御抗原(PA)、およびポリ-D-γ-グルタミン酸(PDGA)カプセルポリペプチドから選択される、請求項23記載の方法。
- 標的がメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 標的が生体液に存在するかまたは生体液から得られる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 生体液がヒト全血、血清、血漿、粘液、または尿である、請求項26記載の方法。
- 選択力が、重力、磁力、電位、遠心力、求心力、浮遊密度、濾過、または圧力である、請求項1記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が、フルオロフォア、化学発光剤、生物発光剤、共鳴光散乱粒子、光吸収剤もしくは発色シグナリング剤、アップコンバーティング蛍光体を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 選択部分が、磁気粒子、シリカ粒子、またはフェリチンを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 選択部分が標的競合相手とコンジュゲートされ;工程(b)で形成される複合体が選択部分とシグナリング部分との間および標的とシグナリング部分との間であり;標的が選択部分と特異的に結合せず;かつ標的の検出が、標的の不在下で形成される選択部分とシグナリング部分との複合体の量の減少により、間接的に起こる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 容器が2mmを上回る画像化深度を有する画像化ウェルである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 試料中の1つまたは複数の標的を検出する方法であって、
a)検出表面を含む容器に>1mmの最短線寸法を有する検出域を提供する工程;
b)該容器内の液体において、1つまたは複数のシグナリング部分、選択部分、および該標的を含む組成物を接触させ、該標的と該シグナリング部分または選択部分との複合体を形成する工程;
c)選択力を加えて該複合体を液体中を通過させ検出表面と接触させる工程;ならびに
d)検出域に対応する検出帯内で該シグナリング部分の個々の複合体を同時に検出することにより、5×未満の倍率で該標的を検出する工程
を含み、洗浄工程を含まず、かつ該標的が少なくとも2つの直交次元で50ミクロン未満である、方法。 - シグナリング部分が光子シグナリング特徴を含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分または選択部分がカテゴリー結合分子と結合する、請求項33記載の方法。
- カテゴリー結合分子が抗体、抗原、レクチン、核酸分子、リガンド、受容体、または小分子である、請求項35記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が特異的に標的に結合する、請求項33記載の方法。
- 標的が細胞である、請求項33記載の方法。
- 細胞が細菌細胞である、請求項38記載の方法。
- 細菌細胞が黄色ブドウ球菌細胞または炭疽菌細胞である、請求項39記載の方法。
- 細胞の内部成分に特異的に結合する第2のシグナリング部分と細胞とを接触させる工程をさらに含む、請求項38記載の方法。
- 成分が核酸分子または脂質である、請求項41記載の方法。
- 第2のシグナリング部分を光退色させる工程および(a)のシグナリング部分を検出する工程を工程(c)の後にさらに含む、請求項41記載の方法。
- 標的が、微生物細胞により分泌される分子である、請求項33記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が蛍光粒子である、請求項33記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分がDNA染色剤を含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の前に試料が微生物増殖培地と混合され、続いて1時間より長くインキュベーションされる、請求項33記載の方法。
- 微生物増殖培地が抗生物質または微生物増殖阻害剤を含む、請求項47記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分または選択部分が容器内で乾燥形態にある、請求項33記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分または選択部分が工程(b)中に水和される、請求項49記載の方法。
- 液体が、シグナリング部分を出入りする光の生成または透過に干渉する色素をさらに含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- 検出工程(d)が直接捕捉、磁気捕捉、または密度に基づく捕捉により標的を検出する工程を含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- 標的がヒト甲状腺刺激ホルモンまたは炭疽菌抗原から選択される、請求項33記載の方法。
- 抗原が致死因子(LF)、防御抗原(PA)、およびポリ-D-γ-グルタミン酸(PDGA)カプセルポリペプチドから選択される、請求項53記載の方法。
- 標的がメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)細胞である、請求項33記載の方法。
- 標的が生体液に存在するかまたは生体液から得られる、請求項33記載の方法。
- 生体液がヒト全血、血清、血漿、粘液、または尿である、請求項56記載の方法。
- 選択力が、重力、磁力、電位、遠心力、求心力、浮遊密度、濾過、または圧力である、請求項33記載の方法。
- シグナリング部分が、フルオロフォア、化学発光剤、生物発光剤、共鳴光散乱粒子、光吸収剤もしくは発色シグナリング剤、またはアップコンバーティング蛍光体を含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- 選択部分が、磁気粒子、シリカ粒子、またはフェリチンを含む、請求項33記載の方法。
- 選択部分が標的競合相手とコンジュゲートされ;工程(b)で形成される複合体が選択部分とシグナリング部分との間および標的とシグナリング部分との間であり;標的が選択部分と特異的に結合せず;かつ標的の検出が標的の不在下で形成される選択部分とシグナリング部分との複合体の量の減少により間接的に起こる、請求項33記載の方法。
- 容器が2mmを上回る画像化深度を有する画像化ウェルである、請求項33記載の方法。
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