DE69938111T2 - Lokales netzwerk von seriellen intelligenten zellen - Google Patents

Lokales netzwerk von seriellen intelligenten zellen Download PDF

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DE69938111T2
DE69938111T2 DE69938111T DE69938111T DE69938111T2 DE 69938111 T2 DE69938111 T2 DE 69938111T2 DE 69938111 T DE69938111 T DE 69938111T DE 69938111 T DE69938111 T DE 69938111T DE 69938111 T2 DE69938111 T2 DE 69938111T2
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DE69938111D1 (de
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Yehuda Binder
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Mosaid Technologies Inc
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SercoNet Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42Loop networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/542Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2801Broadband local area networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • H04L12/2838Distribution of signals within a home automation network, e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M19/00Current supply arrangements for telephone systems
    • H04M19/02Current supply arrangements for telephone systems providing ringing current or supervisory tones, e.g. dialling tone or busy tone
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5437Wired telephone
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5445Local network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/545Audio/video application, e.g. interphone
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5458Monitor sensor; Alarm systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • H04L2012/284Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
    • H04L2012/2843Mains power line
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2803Home automation networks
    • H04L2012/284Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
    • H04L2012/2845Telephone line
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S370/00Multiplex communications
    • Y10S370/908Local area network

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Description

  • Gebiet und Hintergrund der Erfindung
  • Die Erfindung betrifft lokale Netzwerke und insbesondere lokale Netzwerktopologien welche auf seriellen intelligenten Zellen basieren.
  • Bustopologie
  • Die meisten lokalen Netzwerke (LAN) des Standes der Technik verwenden eine, wie mittels Beispiel in 1 gezeigte Bustopologie. Ein Kommunikationsmedium 102 beruht auf zwei Leitern (gewöhnliche verdrillte Doppelleitung oder ein Koaxialkabel), an welches Datenterminalausrüstungs(DTE)-Einheiten 104, 106, 108, 110 und 112 über entsprechende Netzwerkadapter 114, 116, 118, 120 und 122 verbunden sind. Ein Netzwerkadapter kann unabhängig sein oder in dem entsprechenden DTE enthalten sein.
  • Diese Bustopologie des Standes der Technik leidet unter den folgenden Nachteilen:
    • 1. Vom Standpunkt der Datenkommunikation her kann das Medium von einer Installation zur anderen erheblich variieren und damit kann eine korrekte Anpassung an das Medium nicht immer erzielt werden.
    • 2. Die Bustopologie eignet sich nicht optimal für Kommunikation und damit: a) ist die Maximallänge des Mediums begrenzt; b) ist die Maximalanzahl von Einheiten, die mit dem Bus verbunden werden können, begrenzt; c) ist eine komplexe Schaltung in dem Transciever im Netzwerk adapter beinhaltet; d) ist die Datenrate begrenzt.
    • 3. Terminatoren oder Abschlusswiderstände werden gewöhnlich an den Enden des Mediums benötigt, wodurch die Installation schwieriger gemacht wird.
    • 4. Nur ein DTE kann zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt am Bus übertragen oder senden und alle anderen sind darauf beschränkt, abzuhören.
    • 5. Komplexe Arbitationsmethoden werden benötigt, um zu bestimmen, welches DTE in der Lage ist, am Bus zu übertragen.
    • 6. Im Fall eines Kurzschlusses im Bus funktioniert der gesamte Bus nicht, und es ist schwer, den Kurzschluss zu lokalisieren.
    • 7. Adressen sollten unabhängig mit jedem Netzwerkadapter assoziiert werden, und dies ist mit dieser Bustopologie schwer zu erreichen.
  • Sterntopologie
  • Eine Anzahl von nachstehend aufgeführten Netzwerkvorrichtungen und Verbindungen des Standes der Technik verwenden Sterntopologie.
  • Der Multiplexer ist ein übliches Ausstattungselement, welches bei Kommunikation, sowohl für lokale Netzwerke als auch Weitbereichsnetze (WANe) verwendet werden. Er wird verwendet, um Zugang zu einem Datenkommunikationsbackbone zu schaffen oder um es zu ermöglichen, die Bandbreite zwischen mehreren Stationen zu teilen. Wie in 2 gezeigt, ist eine Seite eines Multiplexers 202 gewöhnlich mit einer einzigen Verbindung 204 mit einer hohen Datenrate ("Autobahn") verbunden, jedoch können auch mehrere derartige Verbindungen verwendet werden.
  • Die andere Seite des Multiplexers 202 weist mehrere Verbindungen 206, 208, 210, 212 und 214 mit einer geringen Datenrate auf. Das Auslassungszeichen deutet an, dass zusätzliche Verbindungen hergestellt werden können. Jede Verbindung mit geringer Datenrate verwendet einen Teil der von der Verbindung mit hoher Datenrate bereitgestellten Bandbreite. Diese Verbindungen mit geringer Datenrate können vom gleichen Typ oder von unterschiedlichen Typen sein und können unterschiedliche oder identische Datenraten aufweisen. Die am häufigsten verwendete Mulitplexingmethode ist Time-Domain-Multiplexing (TDM). Jedoch wird auch Frequency-Domain-Multiplexing (FDM) verwendet.
  • Ein beliebter verwendeter Multiplexer ist der Sprachmultiplexer, wie er in 3 gezeigt ist. Ein 2.048 Megabits pro Sekunde handhabender Bus 304 mit Pulscode-Modulation (PCM), welcher 30 Kanäle mit 64 Kilobit pro Sekunde enthält, ist mit einer Seite eines PABX/PBX 302 verbunden und bis zu 30 Telefonschnittstellen 308, 312 und 316 sind mit der anderen Seite über Verbindungen 306, 310 und 314 verbunden. Das Auslassungszeichen ... zeigt an, dass zusätzliche Verbindungen hergestellt werden können. In dieser Konfiguration kann jeder Kanal im PCM-Bus gewechselt werden oder bestimmten Telefonleitungen permanent zugeordnet werden. Ein Beispiel eines solchen Systems ist in US Patent 3,924,077 von Blakeslee offenbart.
  • Auf ähnliche Weise wird eine kleine Telekommunikationsanlage (Private branch exchange) (PABX/PBX), wie in 4 gezeigt, weitgehend verwendet (gewöhnlich in einer Büro- oder Geschäftsumgebung), bei der mehrere Außenleitungen 403, 404 und 405 mit einer Seite eines PABX/PBX 402 verbunden sind und mehrere Telefone 408, 412 und 416 an der anderen Seite über die Leitungen 406, 410 bzw. 414 verbunden sind. Das Auslassungszeichen ... deutet an, dass zusätzliche Verbindungen hergestellt werden können. Das PABX/PBX verbindet eine Außenleitung mit einem anfragenden oder angefragten Telefon und ermöglicht eine Verbindung zwischen Telefonen in den Räumlichkeiten.
  • In den vorstehend beschriebenen Konfigurationen wird Sterntopologie verwendet, um die Einheiten mit dem Multiplexer zu verbinden, welcher als der Netzwerkhub fungiert. Nachteile einer Sterntopologie umfassen Folgendes:
    • 1. Eine Verbindung zwischen jeder Einheit und dem Netzwerkhub ist notwendig, und die für diese Verbindung benötigte Verkabelung kann einen langen Weg beinhalten. Damit muss, wenn eine neue Einheit hinzugefügt wird, eine zusätzliche, möglicherweise lange Verbindung zwischen der neuen Einheit und dem Netzwerkhub hinzugefügt werden.
    • 2. Es besteht keine Fehlersicherung: jeder kurzgeschlossene oder offene Stromkreis unterbricht den Betrieb mit den betroffenen Einheiten.
    • 3. Der Multiplexer kann umfangreiche Raum- und Stromanforderungen erforderlich machen.
  • Computerschnittstellen
  • Verschiedene Schnittstellenstandards wurden geschaffen, um Kompatibilität zwischen dem PC (Personal-Computer) oder der Workstation und ihren verschiedenen angeschlossenen Elementen zu ermöglichen. Diese Standards beziehen sich gewöhnlich sowohl auf mechanische als auch auf elektrische Schnittstellen und beinhalten industry standard architecture (ISA), extended industry standard architecture (EISA), Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA), intelligent drive electronics (IDE), small computer system interface (SCSI), und andere. Jede hinzugefügte Hardwareeinheit verwendet gewöhnlich einen speziellen Softwaretreiber zur Interoperabilität mit der speziellen Plattform. Diese Protokolle sind nur auf kleine Entfernungen anwendbar und ermöglichen es, dass Einheiten innerhalb des PC's oder Gehäusen von Workstations oder nahe dazu angeordnet werden. Zum Beispiel kann die Ausstattung des PC's zur Videoaufnahme eine Einsteck-ISA-Karte, welche im PC auf dem Motherboard angeordnet ist, eine mit der Karte verbundene Videokamera und einen Softwaretreiber beinhalten. Diese Konfiguration ermöglicht keine ferngesteuerte Videoüberwachung.
  • Relevanter Stand der Technik
  • Die Verwendung des gleichen Leitungspaares oder der gleichen Leitungspaare sowohl für Strom- als auch Datenübertragung ist wohl bekannt und wird in der Telekommunikation weitgehend verwendet, von "Plain Old Telephone Service" ("POTS") bis Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) und Breitbanddiensten in der lokalen Schleife einschließlich anderer Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL)-Technologien. Ein solches Konzept ist zum Beispiel im US Patent 4,825,349 von Marcel beschrieben, in dem die Verwendung zweier Paare für eine derartige Anordnung beschrieben ist. Ein Gleichstrom-zu-Gleichstrom-Konverter für eine derartige Gleichstromzuführung ist zum Beispiel im US Patent 4,507,721 von Yamano et. al. beschrieben.
  • Das Prinzip der Stromleitungsübertragung (power line communication) (PLC) ist auch weitgehend bekannt. Jedoch ist in den meisten Fällen die Verbindung ähnlich zu einer LAN-Umgebung, in welcher ein einziger Übertrager das gesamte Medium in Beschlag nimmt. Beispiele derartiger Methoden beinhalten X-10 und den consumer electronics bus (CEBus, wie in dem EIA-600-Standard beschrieben). Ein Großteil dieser Technologie verwendet komplexe Spread-Spectrum-Methoden, um sich an problematische Medien (gekennzeichnet durch hohes Rauschen und Interferenz) anzupassen. Selbst mit solchen verbesserten Technologien ist jedoch die erzielte Datenrate relativ gering.
  • Stand der Technik in dem Gebiet, in dem Bustechnologie verwendet wird, beinhaltet DE 3329336 A1 von Gude, US Patent Nr. 5,684,826 von Ratner, US Patent Nr. 5,491,463 von Sargeant et al., US Patent Nr. 5,504,454 von Daggett et al., US Patent Nr. 5,351,272 von Abraham, US Patent Nr. 5,404,127 von Lee et al., US Patent Nr. 5,065,133 von Howard, US Patent Nr. 5,581,801 von Spriester et al., US Patent Nr. 4,772,870 von Reyes und US Patent Nr. 4,782,322 von Lechner et al. Andere Patente können in der US-Klasse 340/310 (Unterklassen A/R und andere) und der internationalen Klasse H04M 11/04 gefunden werden.
  • Das Prinzip, bestehende Telefonleitungen auch für Datenübertragung zu verwenden, ist erstmalig im US Patent 5,010,399 von Goodmann et al. offenbart, in dem über die Telefonsignale überlagerte Videosignale verwendet werden. Jedoch ist die verwendete Anordnung vom Bustyp und weist die Nachteile dieser Topologie auf. Auf ähnliche Weise wird die Idee von Datenübertragung über ein public switched telephone network (PSTN) unter Verwendung des höheren Frequenzbandes weitgehend in den xDSL-Systemen verwendet, wie im US Patent 5,247,347 von Litteral et al. offenbart. Das Patent offenbart ein asymmetrisches digitales Abonnementenleitungs(ADSL)-System. Jedoch wird nur eine einzige Punkt-zu-Punktübertragung über den lokalen Kreis beschrieben und bestehende interne Verkabelung wird nicht erörtert und damit offenbart dieser Stand der Technik nicht, wie ein vollständiges Multipunkt-Netzwerk zu konfigurieren ist. Das Multiplexen von xDSL-Daten und POTS/ISDN-Daten benutzt FDM-Prinzipien auf der Grundlage der Tatsache, dass die POTS/ISDN-Dienste den unteren Bereich des Spektrums abdecken, wodurch ermöglicht wird, dass das xDSL-System die höhere Bandbreite verwendet.
  • Ein System zur kombinierten Verteilung eines Signals und elektrischen Stroms ist im US Patent Nr. 5,068,890 von Nilssen beschrieben, bei dem zur Führung der elektrischen Leitungen Bustopologie verwendet wird und diese zusammen mit der Telefonleitung geführt werden. Ein eine eigene Leitungsführung verwendendes Haushaltsbusnetzwerk (home bus network) ist im US Patent Nr. 4,896,349 von Kubo et al. offenbart und ein Haushaltsautomatisierungsnetzwerk (home automation network) auf der Grundlage einer Stromleitungssteuereinheit (power line controller) (PLC) ist im US Patent Nr. 5,579,221 von Mun offenbart. Im US Patent Nr. 4,714,912 von Roberts et al. ist erstmalig vorgeschlagen, Daten über Stromleitungen nicht in einer Bustopologie zu übertragen, sondern durch "Brechen und Einfügen". Jedoch wird nur ein einziger Leiter verwendet und die Empfänger sind wiederum alle unter Verwendung einer Bustopologie verbunden. US Patent Nr. 5,414,708 von Webber et al. offenbart ein Punkt-zu-Punkt-Wiederholersystem für ein lokales Netzwerk unter Verwendung von eigenen Leitungen. Webber offenbart nicht eine Verwendung bestehender Leitungen oder unabhängiger Kommunikationsabschnitte.
  • Zusätzlich offenbart die WO 98/18236 des Erfinders ein verteiltes serielles Steuerungssystem von leitungsbetriebenen Modulen in einer Netzwerktopologie zum Abtasten und Steuern. Diese Dokumente offenbaren jedoch kein lokales Netzwerk zur Datenkommunikation.
  • Die vorstehend erwähnten Dokumente zum Stand der Technik sind repräsentative Beispiele im Fachgebiet. Bestimmte Anmeldungen werden von mehr als einem erteilten Patent abgedeckt.
  • Es besteht damit ein weithin anerkannter Bedarf für eine Vorrichtung zur Implementierung eines lokalen Netzwerkes zur Datenkommunikation, welches nicht unter den in den gegenwärtigen Verfahren innewohnenden Einschränkungen leidet, und es wäre höchst vorteilhaft in Besitz einer solchen Vorrichtung zu sein. Dieses Ziel wird von der vorliegenden Erfindung erreicht.
  • Die WO 97/50193 von Patel et al. mit dem Titel "Power Line Communication System" beschreibt ein Netz bzw. Hochspannungskommunikationssystem, in dem die Informationssignale in einer Transmittereinheit frequenzmultipliziert werden, sodass die kritischen Informationsabschnitte der Informationssignale von einem Einschnitt in der Frequenzantwort frequenzgeshifted bzw. verschoben werden, die charakteristisch ist in dem Netzkommunikationssystem zwischen einem Auslass, mit dem die Transmittereinheit verbunden ist, und einem Einlass, mit der eine Empfängereinheit verbunden ist, wobei die kritischen Informationsabschnitte der Informationssignale nicht in dem Einschnitt verloren gehen. Jedoch beschreiben Patel et al. nur ein Netzkommunikationssystem, und sie beziehen sich nicht auf irgendwelche Telefon- oder CATV basierten Kommunikationssysteme.
  • Daneben beschreiben Patel et al. nur eine Übertragung eines analogen Fernsehsignals über die Leitungsinfrastruktur des Netzes. Darüber hinaus wird ein Signalfluss in einer Richtung beschrieben, wobei die Information von einer Signalquelle des Fernsehsignals zu einem Fernsehsignal getragen wird. Somit beschreiben Patel et al. keine lokalen Netzwerke, worin digitale Datensignale bidirektional über die Leitungsinfrastruktur eines Netzes getragen werden und zwischen multiplen digitalen Dateneinheiten verbunden sind.
  • Zusammenfassung der Erfindung
  • Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Wandauslass zum Koppeln einer Dateneinheit mit digitalen Datensignalen, die über eine Serviceverkabelung übermittelt werden, wobei der Wandausgang wenigstens teilweise innerhalb einer Wand eines Gebäudes enthalten ist, beschrieben, wobei die Serviceverkabelung gleichzeitig ein Servicesignal zusammen mit den digitalen Datensignalen unter Verwendung von Frequenzmultiplex trägt, und wobei die Serviceverkabelung eine aus Telefonverkabelung, Wechselstromverkabelung oder Verkabelung für Fernsehen über Gemeinschaftsantenne (CATV) ist. Der Wandausgang weist ein Wandausgangsgehäuse, einen Serviceverkabelungsverbinder, der mit der Serviceverkabelung verbindbar ist, einen ersten Filter, der mit dem Serviceverkabelungsverbinder verbunden und operativ ist, um nur das digitale Datensignal passieren zu lassen, ein Modem, das mit dem ersten Filter gekoppelt und operativ ist für eine bidirektionale digitale Datenkommunikation über die Serviceverkabelung, einen Datenverbinder, der mit dem Modem gekoppelt ist und mit einer Dateneinheit verbindbar ist, und eine Stromversorgung, die mit dem Modem gekoppelt ist, zum Zuführen von Leistung zu dem Modem, auf. Der Wandauslass kann ferner operativ sein zum Koppeln einer Serviceeinheit mit dem Servicesignal, und als solches kann er ferner einen zweiten Filter, der mit dem Serviceverkabelungsverbinder verbunden und operativ ist, um nur das Servicesignal passieren zu lassen, und einen Serviceverbinder, der mit dem zweiten Filter gekoppelt und zu einer Serviceeinheit verbindbar ist, aufweisen. Weiterhin kann der Wandausgang über eine Geräteadresse adressierbar sein, wobei die Adresse geeignet ist, manuell, automatisch oder von einer Dateneinheit, die mit dem Wandausgang verbunden ist, vergeben zu werden. Der Wandausgang weist ferner einen Leistungsverbinder zum Verbinden mit einer Leistungsquelle zum Zuführen von Leistung von der Stromversorgung auf, und während dem Verwenden des Wandausganges trägt die Serviceverkabelung die Leistung.
  • Die Erfindung betrifft ein lokales Netzwerk (local area network) zur Datenkommunikation (oder Datenübertragung), Abtastung und Steuerung auf der Grundlage von seriell verbundenen Modulen, auf welche mit "serielle intelligente Zellen" (SIC's) Bezug genommen wird. Ein Beispiel eines lokalen Netzwerkes aus derartigen Vorrichtungen nach der Erfindung ist in 7 veranschaulicht, auf welche nun kurz Bezug genommen wird. In fiesem Beispiel sind die SIC's 700, 702, 704, 706 und 708 von einem oder mehreren leitenden Leitungspaaren (wie etwa einem verdrillten Paar 710) verbunden. Es ermöglicht eine Verkettung, wie etwa SIC 700 nach SIC 702 nach SIC 704. Jedoch sind die an Enden gelegenen SIC 700, SIC 706 und SIC 708 mit einer Einfachverbindung ausgestattet. SIC 704 ist mit drei Verbindungen ausgestattet, und sogar noch mehr Verbindungen sind möglich. Ein SIC kann an ein oder mehrere DTE's angeschlossen werden, wie durch ein DTE 714, welches an SIC 700 angeschlossen ist, und durch DTE's 716 und 718, welche an SIC 704 angeschlossen sind, veranschaulicht. SIC's weisen jedoch kein Interface auf, wie durch SIC 706 und SIC 702 veranschaulicht. SIC 702 dient jedoch als Wiederholer und verbindet SIC 700 und SIC 704. Es wird angemerkt, dass die Netzwerke nach der Erfindung elektrisch leitende Medien zur Verbindung der SIC's verwenden. Jedes elektrisch leitende Medium verbindet exakt zwei SIC's zu einem Kommunikationspaar aus SIC's, welche bidirektional und unabhängig von anderen Kommunikationspaaren in dem lokalen Netzwerk kommunizieren. Elektrisch leitende Medien sind Medien, welche Signale durch das Leiten von elektrischem Strom oder durch das Fortpflanzen von elektrischem Potenzial von einem Punkt zum anderen übertragen. Elektrisch leitende Medien beinhalten Drähte, ein verdrilltes Leiterpaar (twisted pair) und Koaxialkabel, sind jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt. Jedoch beinhalten elektrisch leitende Medien nicht Medien, wie etwa faseroptische Leitungen, Wellenleiter, Mikrowellenleiter, Radio- und Infrarotkommunikationsmedien.
  • Wie vorstehend angemerkt, kommunizieren SIC's in einem Kommunikationspaar bidirektional, zum Beispiel kann SIC 704 eine Kommunikation (als ein Sender) an SIC 702 (als ein Empfänger) initiieren, jedoch kann SIC 704 genauso simultane Kommunikation (als Sender) an SIC 700 (als ein Empfänger) initiieren. Bidirektionale Kommunikation kann gleichzeitig stattfinden und wird hier als äquivalent zu "full duplex"-Kommunikation behandelt. Zusätzlich ist, wie vorstehend angemerkt, die Kommunikation zwischen den SIC's eines Kommunikationspaares unabhängig von der Kommunikation zwischen den SIC's jedes anderen Kommunikationspaares, dahingehend, dass diese Kommunikationen weder einander ausschließen noch einander auf irgendeine Weise beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus ist jede Kommunikation zwischen SIC's eine "Punkt-zu-Punkt-Kommunikation", wobei dieser Ausdruck hier eine Kommunikation bezeichnet, welche zwischen genau einem Sender und genau einem Empfänger stattfindet. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu einer Bus-gestützten Kommunikation, bei welcher viele (potentielle) Empfänger und viele (potentielle) Sender vorhanden sind. Folglich endet in der Topologie nach der Erfindung automatisch die physikalische Schicht (physical layer) an jedem Ende einer Verbindung (eines SIC's), was sowohl die Installation vereinfacht als auch eine verlässlichere Kommunikation sicherstellt.
  • Die Topologie nach der Erfindung ist gegenüber der Bustopologie des Standes der Technik in folgenden Punkten überlegen:
    • 1. Bezüglich der im Netzwerk installierbaren SIC's besteht keine physikalische Grenze und damit keine physikalische Grenze bezüglich der Anzahl an DTE's im Netzwerk.
    • 2. Punkt-zu-Punkt-Kommunikation ermöglicht höhere Datenraten über größere Entfernungen.
    • 3. Punkt-zu-Punkt-Kommunikation erfordert eine weniger komplexe Schaltung als eine Busschaltung.
    • 4. Mehrere SIC's können gleichzeitig übertragen und empfangen. Zum Beispiel kann SIC 700 mit SIC 702 kommunizieren, während SIC 704 gleichzeitig mit SIC 706 kommuniziert.
    • 5. Es besteht kein Bedarf für Arbitration, was eine effizientere Nutzung des Netzwerkes ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus können Prioritäten jedem SIC oder alternativ jeder speziellen Nachricht zugewiesen werden, um zu ermöglichen, dass die Datenführung (data routing) Prioritäten berücksichtigt.
    • 6. Adressen können von dem Netzwerk zugewiesen werden.
    • 7. In dem Fall einer Fehlfunktion irgendeines Leiters oder SIC's kann das Netzwerk den Fehler sofort erkennen und der spezielle Ort des Fehlers (bis zum speziellen SIC-Paar) wird leicht festgestellt.
  • Damit wird nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ein lokales Netzwerk (lokal network area) zur Datenkommunikation (bzw. Datenübertragung), Abtastung und Steuerung mit einer Vielzahl von seriellen intelligenten Zellen, welche ausschließlich mittels elektrisch leitenden Medien zu mindestens einem Kommunikationspaar verbunden sind, bereitgestellt, wobei: (a) jedes der elektrisch leitenden Medien nicht mehr als zwei der seriellen intelligenten Zellen verbindet; (b) jedes des Kommunikationspaares eines der elektrisch leitenden Medien und genau zwei der seriellen intelligenten Zellen enthält; (c) jedes des Kommunikationspaares ausschließlich über die elektrisch leitenden Medien in eine Kommunikation eintritt; und (d) jedes des Kommunikationspaares bidirektional und unabhängig von der Kommunikation irgendeines anderen Kommunikationspaares in die Kommunikation eintritt.
  • Kurzbeschreibung der Zeichnungen
  • Die Erfindung ist hierin nur beispielhaft mit Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben, wobei:
  • 1 eine gewöhnliche LAN-Bustopologie des Standes der Technik zeigt.
  • 2 einen typischen Multiplexer des Standes der Technik zeigt.
  • 3 einen Sprachmultiplexer (Sterntopologie) des Standes der Technik zeigt.
  • 4 eine Sprachaustauschkonfiguration (Sterntopologie) des Standes der Technik zeigt.
  • 5 ein Blockdiagramm eines SIC's zur Datenkommunikation nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist.
  • 6 ein Blockdiagramm eines SIC's für Steuerungsanwendungen nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist.
  • 7 eine die Vorrichtungen der vorliegenden Erfindung nutzende LAN-Topologie zeigt.
  • 8 eine die Vorrichtungen der vorliegenden Erfindung nutzende alternative LAN-Topologie zeigt.
  • 9 einen SIC-basierenden Multiplexer-PABX/PBX nach der vorliegenden Erfindung zeigt.
  • 10 ein als Computerbuserweiterung verwendetes lokales Netzwerk nach der vorliegenden Erfindung zeigt.
  • Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsformen
  • Die Prinzipien und der Betrieb eines lokalen Netzwerks nach der vorliegenden Erfindung kann unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen und die beigefügte Beschreibung besser verstanden werden.
  • 5 ist ein Blockdiagramm eines repräsentativen SIC's 500 zur Verwendung in Steuerungsanwendungen. Ein erstes Leitungsinterface 502 ist ein erster Anschluss zum Verbinden mit dem vorhergehenden SIC, um eingehenden elektrischen Strom und Daten des lokalen Netzwerkes über ein elektrisch leitendes Medium 503 zu empfangen, welches wahlweise mit einer elektrischen Hauptleitung 501 verbunden werden kann, so dass das SIC 500 von der elektrischen Stromhauptleitung 501 mit Strom versorgt werden kann. Das Leitungsinterface 502 kann das Anschlussteil, die Sicherung, den Überspannungsableiter und anderen Schutz, wie etwa Rauschfilter etc. beinhalten. Das eingehende Strom-/Datensignal wird einem ersten Strom-/Datenteiler/Kombinator 504 zugeführt, welcher, das (Hochfrequenzwechselstrom)-Datensignal von dem Strom entkoppelt. Ein solcher Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 504 (zur Abkürzung in 5 als "P/D s/c" bezeichnet) kann mittels im Stand der Technik wohl bekannten Methoden eingerichtet werden, wie etwa unter Verwendung eines Mittelabgrifftransformators, oder alternativ mit aktiven Komponenten. Das Datensignal wird einem bidirektionale Kommunikation erlaubenden ersten Modem 506 zugeführt, während der Strom einer Stromversorgung 520 zugeführt wird. Der vorstehenden Anordnung liegt zugrunde, dass sowohl Strom als auch Daten über die gleichen Netzwerkleitungen übertragen werden (Leitungsstromversorgung). 5 veranschaulicht den Fall, in dem das SIC mit einem Wechselstrom leitungsstromversorgt wird (zum Beispiel mittels der elektrischen Stromhauptleitung), in welchem Fall der Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 505 ein Wechselstrom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator ist, welcher eine Niedrigfrequenzwechselstromleistung von dem Datensignal mit höherer Frequenz trennt. Ansonsten ist in dem Fall, in dem das SIC mittels Gleichstrom über die Leitung mit Strom versorgt wird, der Strom- /Datenverteiler/Kombinator 505 ein Gleichstrom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator, welcher Gleichstromleistung von dem Datensignal trennt. In manchen Fällen wird die Methode der Stromversorgung über die Leitung nicht verwendet. Zum Beispiel kann Strom über eigene zusammen mit den Datenleitungen verlegten Leitungen transportiert werden. Alternativ kann das SIC mittels einer lokalen Stromversorgung lokal mit Strom versorgt werden. In beiden Fällen wird der Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator nicht benötigt und die Stromleitungen sind direkt mit der SIC-Stromversorgung verbunden, während die Daten direkt mit den Modems in Verbindung treten. Teile des SIC sind optional als innerhalb einem elektrischen Ausgang 524 untergebracht gezeigt, so dass Verbindungen mit dem lokalen Netzwerk als auch mit den elektrischen Hauptleitungen von dem elektrischen Ausgang 524 hergestellt werden können. Elektrischer Strom aus dem elektrischen Ausgang 524 kann einem optionalen elektrischen Gerät 525 zugeführt werden. Zusätzlich beinhaltet das SIC 500 einen optionalen Zugang 505 zur elektrischen Stromhauptleitung, mit welchem auch elektrische Geräte oder andere Vorrichtungen mit Strom versorgt werden können.
  • Die Stromversorgung 520 stellt die benötigten Spannungen zum Betrieb des SIC und der Last bereit und gibt auch den Strom an einen zweiten Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 510 zur Kopplung mit dem nächsten SIC ab. Die Kommunikation mit dem nächsten (gespeisten) SIC wird über ein zweites Modem 512 ausgeführt, welches mit einem zweitem Leitungsinterface 514 über einen Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 510, ähnlich zu einem Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 504, wie vorstehend beschrieben, verbunden ist. Das Leitungsinterface 514 speist ein elektrisch leitendes Medium, welches mit dem nächsten SIC in Verbindung steht. Modem 506 und 512 können standardmäßige RS-548, RS-232 oder jeder einfache ähnliche Dateninterface-Transciever sein. Alternativ kann ein komplexer Transciever zum Erreichen großer Entfernungen oder von Hochgeschwindigkeitsbetrieb verwendet werden. In einem Steuerungsblock 522 enthaltene CPU und Firmware steuern und überwachen den Betrieb und die Kommunikation der Einheiten als auch steuern die Last durch ein Lastinterface 508, welches mit einer mittels eines Sensors/Aktuators 505 veranschau lichten Last gekoppelt ist. Zum Beispiel kann das Interface 508 ein 4–20 ma Standardinterface realisieren. Auf ähnliche Weise kann das SIC 500 zur Kommunikation über die Stromleitung verwendet werden. Um dies zu tun, wird das Lastinterface 508 von einem Kommunikationsanschluss ersetzt und ein Sensor/Aktuator 509 wird von einem DTE ersetzt.
  • Ein wie in 5 gezeigtes SIC zur Verwendung bei Datenkommunikation ist im Wesentlichen ähnlich zu dem in 6 gezeigten, bei Steuerungsanwendungen verwendeten SIC, weist jedoch einige spezielle Unterschiede auf, wie bemerkt. Auch in 6 veranschaulicht ist der Fall, in dem die Daten des lokalen Netzwerkes über elektrisch leitende Medien, welche Teil der Telefonleitungen eines Gebäudes sind, transportiert wird. Ein SIC 600 umfasst ein erstes Leitungsinterface 602 als einen ersten Anschluss zur Verbindung mit dem vorhergehenden SIC zum Empfangen von eingehendem Strom, lokalen Netzwerkdaten und Telefondaten über ein elektrisch leitendes Medium 603. Das Leitungsinterface 602 kann das Anschlussteil, die Sicherung, den Überspannungsleiter und anderen Schutz, wie etwa Rauschfilter etc. beinhalten. Das eingehende Strom-/Telefon-Datensignal wird einem ersten Telefon-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 604 (zur Kürze in 6 als "T/D s/c" bezeichnet), welcher die lokalen Netzwerkdaten von den Strom- und Telefondaten entkoppelt, zugeführt. Ein derartiger Telefon-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 604 kann mittels im Stand der Technik wohl bekannten Methoden realisiert werden, wie etwa durch die Verwendung eines Hochpass-/Tiefpassfilters, oder alternativ mittels aktiven Komponenten. Das Datensignal des lokalen Netzwerkes wird einem ersten Modem 606, welches bidirektionale Kommunikation ermöglicht, zugeführt, während der Strom einer Stromversorgung 620 zugeführt wird und die Telefondaten einem Strom-/Telefoninterface 624 zugeführt werden.
  • Die Stromversorgung 620 liefert die erforderlichen Spannungen für den SIC- und den Lastbetrieb und liefert auch den Strom an einen zweiten Telefon-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 610 zur Kopplung mit dem nächsten SIC. Die Kommunikation mit nächsten (gespeisten) SIC wird über ein zweites Modem 612 ausgeführt, welches mit einem zweiten Leitungsinterface 614 über den Telefon- /Datenverteiler/Kombinator 610, welcher ähnlich zu dem vorstehend beschriebenen Telefon-/Datenverteiler/Kombinator 604 ist, verbunden. Das Leitungsinterface 614 ist mit einem elektrisch leitenden Medium 615 verbunden, welches mit dem nächsten SIC in Verbindung steht. Die Modem 606 und 612 können standardmäßige RS-485, RS-232 oder jeder einfache ähnliche Dateninterface-Transciever sein. Alternativ kann ein komplexer Transciever verwendet werden, um weitere Entfernungen oder Hochgeschwindigkeitsbetrieb zu erreichen. In einem Steuerungsblock 622 enthaltene CPU und Firmware steuern und überwachen den Betrieb und die Kommunikation der Einheit als auch steuern die Last über ein Lastinterface 608, welches an eine Last 609 angeschlossen ist, welche Sensoren und Aktuatoren enthalten kann. Zum Beispiel kann das Interface 608 ein 4–20 ma Standardinterface realisieren. SIC 600 enthält auch ein optionales Strom-/Telefoninterface 624, welches zum Beispiel in einem Telefonanschluss 625 enthalten ist, wie auch eine oder mehrere Kommunikationsinterfaceeinrichtungen, wie etwa ein mit einem DTE 628 verbundenes Interface 626.
  • In dem Fall der Einspeisung von Gleichstrom in die Leitung kann die Stromversorgung mit einer Leitungsumkehrfunktion (zum Beispiel einer Dioden-gestützten Brücke) ausgestattet sein, um eine mögliche Leitungsumkehr zu ermöglichen.
  • Es wird angemerkt, dass ein SIC als Einzelvorrichtung mit allen Komponententeilen, welche innerhalb eines Gehäuses enthalten sein können, realisiert werden kann, jedoch nicht notwendigerweise so realisiert werden muss. In dem Fall, in dem ein SIC zur Datenkommunikation oder für Steuerungsanwendungen verwendet wird, kann die Hardware optional zwischen dem SIC-Modul und den DTE/Lasteinheiten geteilt werden. Im Fall, in dem ein SIC für Telefonanwendungen verwendet wird, kann die Hardware optional zwischen dem SIC, der DTE-Lasteinheit und dem Telefonausgang, wie etwa einem Telefonausgang 625, welcher Verbindungen sowohl mit Telefondiensten (wie etwa durch ein Telefon 623) als auch dem lokalen Netzwerk (wie etwa durch das DTE 628) ermöglicht. Ein Telefonausgang 625 kann ein Wandausgang oder eine Wandbuchse sein. Das gesamte SIC oder Teil desselben kann in einem Telefonausgang, wie etwa einem Telefonausgang 625, wenn gewünscht, angeordnet sein. Weiterhin ist für nur als Wiederholer verwendete SIC's ein Lastinterface nicht notwendig.
  • Der Strom-/Datenverteiler/Kominator 510 (5) kann verschiedene im Stand der Technik bekannte Verfahren verwenden. Eine Kopplung kann zum Beispiel wie im US Patent 4,745,391 von Gajjar offenbart realisiert werden. Die Stromversorgung 520 (5) kann mit dem Netzwerk unter Verwendung eines eigenen Adapters oder über ein spezielles SIC verbunden werden. Die Last kann auch unter Verwendung eines Standardethernet- oder anderen LAN-Interfaces verbunden werden und damit das Netzwerk unter Verwendung der SIC's emuliert werden. Diese Anordnung verwendet Standardinterfaces, arbeitet aber mit höheren Durchsätzen und Datenraten als ein herkömmlicher LAN.
  • SIC-Adressierung
  • Ein SIC kann eine Adresse beinhalten. Adressen von SIC's im Netwerk können über automatische Zuweisung von dem lokalen Netzwerk selbst mittels im Stand der Technik bekannten Algorithmen, wie sie zum Beispiel im US Patent 5,535,336 von Smith et al. offenbart sind, zugewiesen werden. Adressen können auch über manuelle Zuweisung zugewiesen werden, wie etwa durch das Einstellen von mechanischen Schaltern an der SIC-Einheit. Adressen können auch mit dem SIC verbundenen DTE bestimmt werden, entweder mittels höherer Schichten, wie bei den meisten LAN Systemen, oder physisch mittels Verbindung mit dem SIC (wie etwa durch Adresszeilen).
  • SIC-Stromversorgung
  • Ein SIC kann elektrischen Strom lokal über eine nahe dem SIC angeordnete Stromquelle erhalten. Jedoch kann eine Stromquelle zur Stromversorgung einiger oder aller der SIC's im lokalen Netzwerk unter Verwendung eigener Stromleitungen verwendet werden. Diese Leitungen können zusammen mit den Datenkommunikationsleitungen geführt werden. Alternativ können die gleichen elektrisch leitenden Medien (die Datenkommunikationsleitungen) dazu verwendet werden, sowohl elektrischen Strom als auch Daten des lokalen Netzwerks zu den SIC's mittels im Stand der Technik wohl bekannten Verfahren, zum Beispiel wie in Telefonsystemen zu befördern. In einem solchen Fall wird eine Einheit zum Ankoppeln der Stromversorgung an das lokale Netzwerk benötigt. Diese kann von einem SIC (wie etwa dem SIC 706 in 6) oder einem speziellen eigenen Modul Gebrauch machen. Da elektrischer Strom üblicherweise bei niedrigen Frequenzen (zum Beispiel 60 Hertz) verteilt wird, während lokale Netzwerkdaten üblicherweise viel höhere Frequenz aufweisen, kann elektrischer Strom mit lokalen Netzwerkdaten unter Verwendung von Multiplexing im Frequenzbereich kombiniert werden. Ein SIC kann daher von den elektrischen Stromhauptleitungen betrieben werden und kann auch, wie in 5 veranschaulicht und darin erläutert, elektrischen Strom aus der elektrischen Stromhauptleitung 501 liefern, so dass das SIC 500 aus der elektrischen Stromhauptleitung 501 betrieben werden kann.
  • Die DTE's, Sensoren und Aktuatoren, die an die SIC's angeschlossen sind, können auch lokal von den SIC's betrieben werden und können die gleichen Stromressourcen über die gleichen Kanäle wie die SIC's nutzen. Ein Teil eines SIC's oder das gesamte SIC kann innerhalb eines elektrischen Ausgangs angeordnet sein, so dass der elektrische Ausgang eine Verbindung mit dem lokalen Netzwerk als auch mit elektrischem Strom ermöglicht.
  • Steuerung
  • Obwohl hauptsächlich zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationsnetzwerk vorgesehen, kann das System nach der Erfindung auch als eine Plattform zur Realisierung eines Erkennungs-, Steuerungs- und Automatisierungssystems verwendet werden. Dies wird durch Hinzufügen eines oder mehrerer Interface des SIC's an Sensoren oder Aktuatoren erreicht. Die von den Sensoren empfangene Signale werden über das Netzwerk mittels in den SIC's oder in den DTE's enthaltener Logik übertragen, welche daraufhin die relevanten Aktuatoren betreiben. Diese Automatisierungsfunktion kann von einer oder mehreren DTE's überwacht werden.
  • Der Betrieb der Steuerung kann mit über das Netzwerk kommunizierten Daten in Verbindung gebracht werden (zum Beispiel Abtasten der Verfügbarkeit von Strom an ein DTE) oder kann davon unabhängig sein, um es zu ermöglichen, dass Steuerentscheidungen lokal getroffen werden.
  • DTE-Interface
  • Das DTE-Interface kann ein geschütztes Interface oder jedes serielle oder parallele Standardinterface, wie etwa das ITU-T V.35, das ITU-T V.24 etc. sein. Zusätzlich kann ein Telefoninterface (POTS) oder ISDN verwendet werden. Dies kann für Sprechanlagen oder PBX-Anwendungen geeignet sein.
  • Fehlerschutz
  • Die vorstehend beschriebene SIC-Topologie kann zum Ermöglichen einzelner Fehlerkorrekturen modifiziert werden. In einem solchen Fall sind die SIC's in einem Netzwerk mit redundanten Pfaden verbunden, wie etwa in einer in 8 gezeigten kreisförmigen Topologie. In diesem Beispiel ist ein SIC 800 mit einem SIC 802 verbunden, welches wiederum mit einem SIC 804 verbunden ist, welches wiederum mit einem SIC 806 verbunden ist, welches wiederum mit dem SIC 800 verbunden ist. Bei Verbindung in einer solchen Anordnung beeinflusst eine einzelne Fehlfunktion in irgendeinem Leiter, wie etwa im Leiterpaar 810 den Systembetrieb nicht, da Datenführung von irgendeinem SIC zu irgendeinem anderen SIC über einen alternativen Pfad erreicht werden kann. Der Begriff "kreisförmige Topologie" bezeichnet hierin die Topologie jedes lokalen Netzwerkes aus SIC's nach der Erfindung, welches mindestens zwei Kommunikationspfade zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen SIC's enthält. Zum Beispiel existieren in 8 zwei Kommunikationspfade von SIC 800 nach SIC 804: ein Kommunikationspfad geht vom SIC 800 zum SIC 802 zum SIC 804 und der andere Pfad geht vom SIC 800 zum SIC 806 zum SIC 804. Kreisförmige Topologie stellt redundante Kommunikationspfade bereit, welche die Unanfälligkeit des lokalen Netzwerkes gegenüber Kommunikati onsfehlern erhöht. Es sollte angemerkt werden, dass die kreisförmige Topologie nach der Erfindung gemäß 8 erheblich von der wohl bekannten "Token-Ring-Topologie" des Standes der Technik abweicht, wie nachfolgend erörtert.
  • Obwohl die kreisförmige Topologie gemäß der hier verwendeten Definition oberflächlich zur Token-Ring-Topologie ähnlich sein kann, gibt es zwischen diesen größere Unterschiede. Ein Unterschied liegt in der Datenrahmung. Der Token-Ring verwendet die gleiche Rahmenstruktur über alle Kommunikationsverbindungen im Netzwerk und dies erfordert, dass die gleiche Rahmung von allen Zellen im Netzwerk erkannt werden muss. Beim SIC-Netzwerk nach der Erfindung ist jedoch jede Kommunikationsverbindung (zwischen jeglichen zwei verbundenen SIC's) vollständig unabhängig von aller anderer Netzwerkkommunikation. Damit kann ein erster SIC mit einem zweiten SIC unter Verwendung eines Typs bezüglich einer Rahmenstruktur im Protokoll kommunizieren, während das gleiche erste SIC mit einem dritten SIC unter Verwendung eines unterschiedlichen Rahmenstruktur- und Protokolltyps kommunizieren kann.
  • Zusätzlich liegt bei einem Token-Ring-Netzwerk zu jedem Zeitpunkt eine einzige Richtung bezüglich des Datenflusses von einem einzelnen Tansmitter zu einem oder mehreren Empfängern vor, und gewöhnlich ist die Richtung des Datenflusses gleich bleibend. Das SIC-Netzwerk nach der Erfindung legt jedoch dem Datenstrom keine Begrenzung in irgendeinem der Kommunikationsverbindungen auf. Vollduplex-, Halbduplex- oder unidirektionale Kommunikation ist möglich und kann sogar von Verbindung zu Verbindung über das Netzwerk variieren. Das ermöglicht dem SIC-Netzwerk die Unterstützung zweier unabhängiger Kommunikationswege gleichzeitig, vorausgesetzt, dass unterschiedliche Abschnitte verwendet werden. In 8 zum Beispiel kann erst das SIC 800 mit dem SIC 802 kommunizieren, während das SIC 804 gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Daten mit dem SIC 806 kommuniziert. Diese Fähigkeit wird nicht von irgendeinem der anderen Netzwerkanordnungen unterstützt.
  • Die vorstehenden Unterschiede beeinflussen zum Beispiel die Anfälligkeit der jeweiligen Netzwerke gegenüber Fehlfunktionen. Im Fall einer einzigen Unterbrechung oder einem einzigen Kurzschluss irgendwo im Medium bricht das Token-Ring-Netzwerk zusammen, wodurch jegliche weitere Kommunikation im System unmöglich gemacht wird. Als ein weiteres Beispiel beeinflusst diese Fehlfunktion beim im US Patent 4,918,690 von Markkula et al. (nachstehend erfolgt Bezugnahme mit "Markkula") offenbarten Netzwerk die physikalische Schicht durch die Deaktivierung der Signalübertragungsfähigkeit des Mediums. Das Token-Ring-Netzwerk funktioniert überhaupt nicht, da die Funktionalität der Datenschicht auf Grundlage unidirektionaler Übertragung nicht unterstützt wird. Im Gegensatz dazu jedoch funktioniert ein SIC-Netzwerk nach der Erfindung weiterhin vollständig mit Ausnahme der speziellen fehlerhaften Verbindung selbst. Alle anderen Verbindungen funktionieren weiterhin normal. Weiterhin kann der Fehler bei einem Token-Ring-Netzwerk oder bei dem Markkula-Netzwerk nicht leicht lokalisiert werden. Bei dem SIC-Netzwerk nach der Erfindung kann jedoch der Fehler einfach und geradlinig auf die betroffene Verbindung zurückgeführt werden.
  • Datenverteilung über elektrische Stromleitungen
  • Bei einer wichtigen Konfigurierung eines Netzwerkes nach der Erfindung werden die elektrischen Stromleitungen eines Gebäudes als ein Kommunikationsmedium genutzt. Diese können zum Beispiel genutzt werden, um ein preisgünstiges "Haus-LAN" zu realisieren. Typische Hausstromhauptleitungen weisen eine Verbindung zu einer einzigen Zuleitung mit einer Vielzahl an Verteilungspunkten und Ausgängen auf. Die Prinzipien nach der Erfindung definieren, dass ein SIC innerhalb jedes Ausgangs und an jedem Verteilungspunkt anzuordnen ist. Dies ermöglicht ein SIC-gestütztes Kommunikationsnetzwerk, bei dem die Kommunikation zwischen jedem Paar von über die Leitung verbundenen SIC's stattfindet. In einem solchen Fall wird auch erwartet, dass die Hauptleitungen auch zur Stormversorgung der SIC's verwendet werden. Neben der Verwendung der gleichen Leitungsmedien kann die elektrische Stromverteilung und das Kommunikationssystem, die die gleichen Hauptleitungen teilen, vollkommen entkoppelt sein.
  • Ein andere Konfigurierung beinhaltet das Hinzufügen des SIC's zu den Stromhauptleitungen an Punkten, die sich von den Hauptleitungsausgängen unterscheiden. Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform besteht jedoch darin, die Ausgangspunke sowohl für die elektrische Stromversorgung als auch die DTE-Verbindungspunkte zu nutzen. Dies beinhaltet ein Ersetzen aller elektrischen Ausgänge und Verteilungspunkte mit "intelligenten" Ausgängen, die sowohl elektrische Verbindungen als auch eine Kommunikationsbuchse aufweisen. Zusätzlich kann eine solche Einheit visuelle Anzeigeeinrichtungen (zum Beispiel LED's) aufweisen, um den Kommunikationsstatus anzuzeigen und kann auch Schalter oder andere Mittel zum Bestimmen der Ausgangsadresse enthalten. Ein derartiges Kommunikationssystem könnte für mit Stromverteilung assoziierte Anwendungen verwendet werden, so wie zum Beispiel zum Steuern der mit einem speziellen Ausgang verbunden Last, zum ferngesteuerten Einschalt-/Ausschalt-Betrieb von Geräten, Timing von Vorgängen, verzögerten Starts, Trennung nach einer vorbestimmten Zeitspanne usw. Ein solches Kommunikationssystem könnte auch zum Überwachen der von speziellen Ausgängen verbrauchten Stromleistung verwendet werden, wie etwa für Demand Side Management (DSM) oder Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) zum Ermöglichen ferngesteuerter Messgeräteablesung.
  • Die vorstehend beschriebene Topologie kann auch bei bestehenden Leitungen verwendet werden. Ein übliches Beispiel betrifft Umleitungen zu Konsumenten unterschiedlicher Orte. Derartige Leitungen beruhen üblicherweise auf Bustopologie mit Anzapfungen (taps). Zur Verwendung von SIC-Technologie müssen die Leitungen unterbrochen werden und ein SIC zwischen beiden Enden installiert werden.
  • Auf ähnliche Weise kann ein die elektrischen Stromleitungen von Fahrzeugen und Schiffen nutzendes Kommunikationsnetzwerk realisiert werden, wie etwa für Flugzeuge, Schiffe, Züge, Busse, Automobile usw.
  • Realisierung eines lokalen Kommunikations-/Telefonsystems unter Verwendung von SIC's
  • Gemäß dieser Anmeldung werden bestehende Telefonleitungen (entweder POTS oder ISDN) als die elektrisch leitenden Medien für das lokale Netzwerk verwendet und wird sowohl für Datenkommunikation im lokalen Netzwerk als auch für Telephonie verwendet. Der Ausdruck "Telephonie" bezeichnet hier jede Telefonkommunikation oder telefonische Kommunikation, die sowohl Sprache (POTS) als auch Daten (ISDN) umfaßt. Telefonausgänge sind gewöhnlich in Punkt-zu-Punkt-Topologie ohne einen Verteilungspunkt verbunden. Zum Einrichten eines Netzwerks wird jeder Ausgang durch einen SIC-basierten Ausgang ersetzt. Wenn Verteilungspunkte vorliegen, müssen diese Verteilungspunkte auch mit SIC's ausgestattet werden. Aus dieser Konfigurierung ergibt sich ein Hochleistungs-LAN zwischen den Telefonausgängen. Neben dem Teilen der gleichen Medien kann das lokale Netzwerk von dem Telefonsystem entkoppelt werden. Alternativ kann das lokale Netzwerk und das Telefonsystem kombiniert werden, so dass Telephonie in die lokalen Netzwerkdaten digital integriert werden kann.
  • Der Telefondienst nach außen kann gemäß einer der folgenden Alternativen behandelt werden:
    • 1. Kein Telefondienst. In dieser Konfigurierung wird die Verbindung zum Netzwerk (gewöhnlich zum öffentlichen Netzwerk) unterbrochen und das Netzwerk ist ein vollständig internes Netzwerk mit keinem externen Telefondienst.
    • 2. Telefon als Last. In dieser Konfigurierung bleibt die Telefonfähigkeit erhalten und telefonische Daten können in die Datenkommunikation des lokalen Netzeswerkes integriert werden. Eine der SIC's (gewöhnlich diejenige, die einem Interface zu einem öffentlichen Telefonnetzinterface am nächsten ist) oder ein anderes zweckbestimmtes Modul stellt eine Verbindung (über zum Beispiel das Kommunikati onsinterface) mit dem Netzwerkinterface (NI) her. Diese Einheit emuliert ein Telefoninterface zum NI, so dass öffentlicher Netzwerkbetrieb transparent ist und weiterhin normal weiterfunktioniert. Jedoch werden die mit dem Telefoninterface assoziierten Signale, entweder die Sprache selbst oder die Steuerung/Signalgebung (aufgelegt/abgenommen, Läuten etc.) digitalisiert und im Netzwerk als Datenstrom als Teil der im Netzwerk stattfindenden Kommunikation übertragen. In den an Telefone angeschlossenen SIC's werden diese Signale zurück in analoge Form (oder in jegliche ursprüngliche Form) zurückgewandelt und können damit von Standardtelefonen genutzt werden. In diesem Fall bleibt die Telefonfunktionalität vollständig erhalten. Jedoch kann eine Fehlfunktion im Kommunikationsnetzwerk zu einem Verlust des Telefondienstes führen. Dies kann mittels eines Systems verbessert werden, welches die Schaltungen der SIC's abtrennt und die ursprüngliche Leitungsführung wiederherstellt (dies kann leicht mittels Relais realisiert werden, welche die SIC's bei Erkennung einer Fehlfunktion manueller Intervention oder einer anderen relevanten Begebenheit umgehen).
    • 3. Kommunikation über POTS oder ISDN. In diesem Verfahren sind die die SIC's verbindenden elektrisch leitenden Medien die Telefonleitungen eines Gebäudes. Dieses Verfahren beinhaltet den bekannten Mechanismus "POTS-Splitting", welcher gegenwärtig in Verbindung mit xDSL-Technologien verwendet wird. Dies macht einen Filter erforderlich, welcher den Niedrigfrequenzbereich des Spektrums (welches gewöhnlich die mit POTS assoziierten Signale und Strom befördert) von dem Hochfrequenzbereich des Spektrums (zur Kommunikation verwendet) trennt. Bei einer solchen Anwendung werden die Wechsel-/Gleichstromeinheiten in dem SIC durch POTS-Verteilermodule ersetzt. Das Niedrigfrequenzband (POTS-bezogen) wird transparent überbrückt (ähnlich zur Stromüberbrückung) und zur Telefonbuchse abgezweigt. Das Hochfrequenzband wird für die Kommunikation zwischen den SIC's verwendet. Dieses Kombinieren von Hochfrequenzkommunikation des lokalen Netzwerkes mit den gleichen elektrisch leitenden Medien mit telefonischen Daten niedriger Frequenz ist eine Form von Multiplexing im Frequenzbereich.
  • Bei den letzteren beiden Alternativen wird jeder Wandtelefonausgang durch einen SIC-basierten Ausgang mit sowohl einer Telefonbuchse als auch einer (oder mehrerer) Kommunikationsbuchsen ersetzt.
  • Computerbus-Erweiterer
  • Das SIC-Netzwerk kann als ein Computerbus-Erweiterer, wie etwa als ein "ISA-Bus-Erweiterer" (bus extender), wie in 10 veranschaulicht, verwendet werden. Bei dieser Konfigurierung ist eine SIC 1006 mit einem Computerbusverbindungselement 1004 ausgestattet, welches zum Beispiel mit einer der ISA-Busschlitze in einem Computer 1002 verbunden ist, um Daten zwischen dem lokalen Netzwerk und dem Computer 1002 zu transportieren. Ein anderes SIC 1010, welches entfernt angeordnet ist, weist auch ein Computerbusverbindungselement 1012, wie etwa einen ISA-Buserweiterer auf. Dies ermöglicht eine transparente ISA-Busfähigkeit, bei der die ISA-Busdaten in beiden Richtungen über ein elektrisch leitendes Medium 1008 transportiert wird. Die Auslassungszeichen (...) deuten an, dass zusätzliche SIC's und elektrisch leitende Medien im lokalen Netzwerk zwischen dem SIC 1006 und dem SIC 1010 vorhanden sein können. Als Beispiel gezeigt, ist eine Karte 1014 zum Aufgreifen von Videorahmen (video frame grabber card) in ein Computerbus-Verbindungselement 1012 eingesteckt, und eine Videokamera 1016 ist mit der Karte 1014 zum Aufgreifen von Videorahmen verbunden. Normalerweise ist die Karte 1014 zum Aufgreifen von Videorahmen direkt in einen ISA-Busschlitz, wie etwa im Computer 1002 vorhanden, eingesteckt. Hier wirkt jedoch das lokale Netzwerk als ein Buserweiterer, so dass der Videorahmenaufgreifer und die Videokamera 1016 in Entfernung vom Computer 1012 angeordnet sein können. Der normale Softwaretreiber für den ISA-Busschlitz im Computer 1002 kann verwendet werden, da der Computer 1002 die Tatsache, dass nur ISA-Emulierung stattfindet, nicht erkennt. Auf diese Weise kann die Eignung für allgemeine in Entfernung angeordnete PC-Komponenten und Peripheriegeräte leicht erreicht werden. Diese Konfigurierung weist die vorstehend beschriebenen Vorteile auf und dieses Verfahren kann zum Erreichen verschiedener Ziele, wie etwa Fehlerschutz verwendet werden. Ähnlich kann dieses Verfahren verwendet werden, um mehrere entfernte Einheiten an einen Computer unter Verwendung verschiedener Anschlüsse im Computer anzubinden.
  • Implementierung von Multiplexern und PABX/PBX-Funktionalität
  • Ein Netzwerk aus SIC's kann zur Implementierung eines Multiplexers oder einer PABX/PBX-Funktionalität, wie in 9 veranschaulicht, verwendet werden. Bei diesem Beispiel ist ein SIC 900 mit einer Verbindung mit einer hohen Datenrate, wie etwa einem PCM-Bus 916 verbunden, während das SIC 902 und das SIC 906 mit Telefonen 908, 910 und 912 verbunden sind. Das SIC 904 fungiert in diesem Beispiel als ein Wiederholer.
  • In diesem Beispiel fungiert das lokale Netzwerk als ein Multiplexer, bei dem die Bandbreite der Verbindung mit einer hohen Datenrate (PCM-Bus 916) durch die SIC 900 bis SIC 902 und SIC 906, von denen jede einen unterschiedlichen Bereich der Bandbreite der Verbindung mit hoher Datenrate (PCM-Bus 916) verwenden kann, multigeplext wird. Darüber hinaus fungiert durch das Hinzufügen von Telefonen 908, 910 und 912 das lokale Netzwerk der 9 als ein Sprachmultiplexer.
  • Andere Anwendungen der Erfindung
  • Eine Anzahl von Anwendungen der Erfindung wurden vorstehend erörtert. Zusätzliche Anwendungen umfassen, sind jedoch nicht beschränkt auf: Sprechanlage PABX/PBX, Sicherheitssysteme, Videoüberwachung, Unterhaltungsdienste, Verbreitung der Uhrzeit, und Audio-/Videosignal. Die mittels der Erfindung reali sierten Netzwerke können sich örtlich innerhalb eines einzelnen Gebäudes oder über eine gesamte Wohngegend erstrecken.

Claims (8)

  1. Wandausgang (600) zum Koppeln einer Dateneinheit mit digitalen Datensignalen, die über eine Serviceverkabelung (603) übermittelt werden, wobei der Wandausgang wenigstens teilweise innerhalb einer Wand eines Gebäudes enthalten ist, wobei die Serviceverkabelung gleichzeitig ein Servicesignal zusammen mit den digitalen Datensignalen unter Verwendung von Frequenzmultiplex trägt, wobei die Serviceverkabelung ausgewählt ist aus Telefonverkabelung, Wechselstromverkabelung oder Verkabelung für Fernsehen über Gemeinschaftsantenne, wobei der Wandausgang aufweist: – ein Wandausgangsgehäuse; – einen Serviceverkabelungsverbinder (602), der mit der Serviceverkabelung verbindbar ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass: der Wandausgang ferner aufweist: einen ersten Filter (604), der mit dem Serviceverkabelungsverbinder verbunden und operativ ist, um nur das digitale Datensignal passieren zu lassen, ein Modem (606), das mit dem ersten Filter gekoppelt und operativ ist für eine bidirektionale digitale Datenkommunikation über die Serviceverkabelung, einen Datenverbinder (626), der mit dem Modem gekoppelt ist und mit einer Dateneinheit (628) verbindbar ist, und eine Stromversorgung (620), die mit dem Modem gekoppelt ist, zum Zuführen von Leistung zu dem Modem.
  2. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Wandausgang ferner operativ ist zum Koppeln einer Serviceeinheit mit dem Servicesignal, wobei der Wandaustritt ferner aufweist: – einen zweiten Filter (610), der mit dem Serviceverkabelungsverbinder verbunden und operativ ist, um nur das Servicesignal passieren zu lassen, einen Serviceverbinder (614), der mit dem zweiten Filter gekoppelt und verbindbar zu einer Serviceeinheit ist.
  3. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Wandausgang via einer Gerätadresse adressierbar ist.
  4. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die Wandausgangsadresse geeignet ist, manuell vergeben zu werden.
  5. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die Wandausgangsadresse geeignet ist, automatisch vergeben zu werden.
  6. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Wandausgangsadresse geeignet ist, von einer Dateneinheit vergeben zu werden, die mit dem Wandausgang verbunden ist.
  7. Wandausgang gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Wandausgang ferner einen Leistungsverbinder zum Verbinden mit einer Leistungsquelle (501) zum Zuführen von Leistung von der Stromversorgung (620) aufweist.
  8. Wandausgang gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei während dem Verwenden des Wandausganges die Serviceverkabelung die Leistung trägt.
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IL169680A (en) 2008-11-26
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EP2334014A1 (de) 2011-06-15
US20050163152A1 (en) 2005-07-28
US7187695B2 (en) 2007-03-06
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US7852874B2 (en) 2010-12-14
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IL140887A0 (en) 2002-02-10
US20020159402A1 (en) 2002-10-31
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US7830858B2 (en) 2010-11-09
US8908673B2 (en) 2014-12-09
CN101242283A (zh) 2008-08-13
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DE69923721D1 (de) 2005-03-17
US20060291497A1 (en) 2006-12-28
US7965735B2 (en) 2011-06-21
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ATE289142T1 (de) 2005-02-15
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US20060251110A1 (en) 2006-11-09
US20070263652A1 (en) 2007-11-15
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