CN107750464B - 阵列式麦克风系统及其组装方法 - Google Patents

阵列式麦克风系统及其组装方法 Download PDF

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CN107750464B
CN107750464B CN201680033194.2A CN201680033194A CN107750464B CN 107750464 B CN107750464 B CN 107750464B CN 201680033194 A CN201680033194 A CN 201680033194A CN 107750464 B CN107750464 B CN 107750464B
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马修·T·亚伯拉罕
大卫·格朗·卡森
约翰·凯西·吉布斯
格雷戈里·威廉·兰茨
艾伯特·弗朗西斯·麦戈文
布伦特·罗伯特·舒莫德
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
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    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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Abstract

实施例包含阵列式麦克风系统(104)，其包括在衬底(107a、107b)上经布置成围绕所述衬底(107a、107b)的中心点的数个具有可变大小的同心嵌套环圈的多个麦克风(106)。每一环圈包括沿所述环圈的圆周定位在预定间隔处的所述多个麦克风(106)的子集。实施例还包含麦克风组合件(100)，其包括阵列式麦克风(104)及壳体(102)，所述壳体(102)经配置以支撑所述阵列式麦克风(104)，且经定大小及塑形以可安装于吊顶中而取代包含于所述吊顶中的多个天花板块中的至少一者。所述壳体(102)的前面包含具有基本上类似于所述多个天花板块中的所述至少一者的大小及形状的可透声屏幕(18)。

Description

阵列式麦克风系统及其组装方法
相关申请案的交叉参考
本申请案主张2015年4月30日申请的第14/701,376号美国专利申请案的权益，所述申请案的全部内容并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请案大体上涉及一种阵列式麦克风系统及其组装方法。特定来说，本申请案涉及一种能够配接到吊顶的天花板块中且提供具有跨语音频率范围优化的总指向性指数的360度音频拾取的阵列式麦克风。
背景技术
会议环境，例如董事会议、视频会议情境及类似者，可涉及将麦克风用于从音频源捕获声音。例如，所述音频源可包含人类讲话者。所捕获的声音可通过环境中的讲话者、电视广播及/或网络广播传播给听众。
在一些实施例中，麦克风可放置于靠近音频源的桌上或讲台上以捕获声音。然而，此类麦克风可为突兀的或非所要的，这是因为所述麦克风的大小及/或使用所述麦克风的环境的美观度。另外，放置于桌上的麦克风可检测非所要噪声，例如钢笔轻敲或纸张翻动。放置于桌上的麦克风还可(例如)被纸张、布或纸巾覆盖或阻挡，使得无法恰当或最优地捕获声音。
在其它环境中，麦克风可包含主要对沿一个方向的声音敏感的枪型麦克风。所述枪型麦克风可定位成远离音频源且经引导以通过将所述麦克风指向由音频源占据的区域而检测来自特定音频源的声音。然而，确定指向枪型麦克风的方向以最优地检测来自其音频源的声音可为困难且冗长的。可需要试误以调整枪型麦克风的位置而用于最优地检测来自音频源的声音。因而，除非且直到恰当地调整麦克风的位置，否则无法理想地检测来自音频源的声音。且即使恰当地调整麦克风的位置，如果音频源移动进出麦克风的拾取范围(例如，如果人类讲话者说话时偏移其座位)那么音频检测可为差强人意的。
在一些环境中，麦克风可安装到会议室的天花板或墙壁以节省出桌子空间且使得人类讲话者可自由围绕会议室移动，借此解决关于桌上型及枪型麦克风的以上至少部分顾虑。大部分现有天花板安装麦克风经配置以直接紧固到天花板或从安装到所述天花板的下拉式缆线悬吊。因此，这些产品要求复杂的安装且希望成为永久配件。此外，尽管天花板麦克风鉴于距桌子的距离而可不拾取桌上噪声，但此类麦克风归因于与扬声器及HVAC系统的较紧密接近、距音频源的较远距离及对空气运动或白噪声的增加的敏感性而具有其自身的音频拾取挑战。
因此，系统存在解决这些顾虑的机会。更具体来说，存在实现包含阵列式麦克风的系统的机会，所述阵列式麦克风不突出，易于安装到现有环境中且可使得能够调整麦克风阵列以最优地检测来自音频源(例如，人类讲话者)的声音且抑制非所要噪声及反射。
发明内容
本发明希望尤其通过提供经设计以完成以下各者的系统及方法来解决以上提出的问题：(1)提供经定大小及塑形以可安装于吊顶中而取代天花板块的阵列式麦克风组合件；且(2)提供阵列式麦克风系统，其包括实现在声音频率范围中的改进的指向性敏感度及在指定操纵角度范围中的最优主旁瓣比的麦克风的同心配置。
在实施例中，阵列式麦克风系统包括衬底及在所述衬底上布置成数个具有可变大小的同心嵌套环圈的多个麦克风。在所述实施例中，每一环圈包括沿所述环圈的圆周定位在预定间隔处的多个麦克风的子集。
在另一实施例中，麦克风组合件包括阵列式麦克风，所述阵列式麦克风包括多个麦克风及经配置以支撑所述阵列式麦克风的壳体。在所述实施例中，所述壳体经定大小及塑形以可安装于吊顶中而取代包含于所述吊顶中的多个天花板块中的至少一者。此外，所述壳体的前面包含具有基本上类似于所述多个天花板块中的所述至少一者的大小及形状的可透声屏幕。
在另一实施例中，一种组装阵列式麦克风的方法包括：布置第一多个麦克风以在衬底上形成第一配置；且布置第二多个麦克风以在所述衬底上形成第二配置，其中所述第二配置同心地环绕所述第一配置。所述方法进一步包括将所述第一多个麦克风及所述第二多个麦克风中的每一者电耦合到音频处理器以用于处理由麦克风捕获的音频信号。
将从以下具体实施方式及附图明白且更完全地理解这些及其它实施例及各种排列及方面，具体实施方式及附图阐述指示其中可采用本发明的原理的各种方式的说明性实施例。
附图说明
图1是根据某些实施例的示范性阵列式麦克风组合件的前视透视图。
图2是根据某些实施例的图1的阵列式麦克风组合件的后视透视图。
图3是根据某些实施例的图1的阵列式麦克风组合件的分解图。
图4是根据某些实施例的图3的阵列式麦克风组合件的侧视横截面图。
图5是根据某些实施例的包含于图3的阵列式麦克风组合件中的阵列式麦克风的俯视平面图。
图6是根据某些实施例的包含图1的阵列式麦克风组合件的示范性环境。
图7是根据某些实施例的包含图2的阵列式麦克风组合件的另一示范性环境。
图8是根据某些实施例的包含图2的阵列式麦克风组合件的另一示范性环境。
图9是根据某些实施例的展示另一实例阵列式麦克风中的麦克风放置的图表。
图10是根据某些实施例的描绘实例阵列式麦克风系统的框图。
图11是根据某些实施例的展示图9的阵列式麦克风的选择极坐标响应的极坐标图。
图12是根据某些实施例的说明用于组装阵列式麦克风的实例程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下描述根据本发明的原理描述、说明及例示本发明的一或多个特定实施例。提供此描述不是为了将本发明限制于本文描述的实施例，而是以使得所属领域的一般技术人员能够理解这些原理且借助所述理解，能够应用所述理解不仅实践本文描述的实施例且能够实践根据这些原理想到的其它实施例的此方式解释且教示本发明的原理。本发明的范围希望涵盖可落于所附权利要求书的范围内(不论字面上或在等效物的教义中)的所有此类实施例。
应注意，在具体实施方式及图式中，可利用相同参考数字标记相同或基本上类似的元件。然而，有时可利用不同号码标记这些元件，例如(例如)在其中此标记促进更清楚的描述的情况中。另外，本文中阐述的图式不必按比例绘制，且在一些例子中可夸大比例以更清楚地描绘某些特征。此标记及图式实践不必表明潜在真实目的。如以上所陈述，说明书希望视为整体且根据如本文所教示及所属领域的一般技术人员所理解的本发明的原理解释。
相对于本文描述及说明的示范性系统、组件及架构，应了解可由数个配置及组件体现实施例或在数个配置及组件中采用实施例，包含一或多个系统、硬件、软件或固件配置或组件或其任何组合，如所属领域的一般技术人员所理解。因此，尽管图式说明包含用于本文设想的实施例中的一或多者的组件的示范性系统，但应了解相对于每一实施例，一或多个组件在系统中可不存在或不必要的。
本文提供针对阵列式麦克风组合件的系统及方法，所述阵列式麦克风组合件(1)经配置以可安装于(例如)会议或董事会议环境的吊顶中以取代现有天花板，且(2)包含选择性地定位成自相似或类分形配置或星座图的多个麦克风换能器以产生具有(例如)最优指向性指数及最大主旁瓣比的高性能阵列。在实施例中，可通过将麦克风布置成同心环圈而实现此物理配置，这允许阵列式麦克风在一个三维(例如，X-Y-Z)空间中的任何给定视角处都具有等效波束宽度性能。因此，本文描述的阵列式麦克风可比具有线性、矩形或方形星座图的阵列式麦克风提供更一致的输出。此外，假定阵列式麦克风比具有共线性定位的元件的现有阵列降低旁瓣，那么麦克风的星座图内的每一同心环圈可具有从每隔一个的环圈的轻微旋转偏移以最小化旁瓣生长。此偏移配置还可允许进一步的波束操纵，这允许阵列覆盖更宽的拾取区域。此外，麦克风星座图可经谐波嵌套以优化一组给定不同频带内的波束宽度。
在实施例中，阵列式麦克风可能够实现跨语音频率范围及阵列聚焦角度(例如视角)的广泛范围中的最大旁瓣抑制，这至少部分归因于使用相较于现有阵列允许更大的麦克风密度及改进的振动噪声抑制的微机电系统(MEMS)麦克风。阵列式星座图的麦克风密度可准许变化的波束宽度控制，而现有阵列受限于固定波束宽度。在其它实施例中，在维持麦克风密度的情况下，可使用替代换能方案(例如，电容器、平衡电枢等等)实施麦克风系统。
图1到5说明根据实施例的包括壳体102及阵列式麦克风104的示范性麦克风阵列组合件100。更具体来说，图1描绘麦克风阵列组合件100的前视透视图；图2描绘麦克风阵列组合件100的后视透视图；图3描绘麦克风阵列组合件100的分解图，其展示壳体102及包含于壳体102中的麦克风阵列104的各种组件；图4描绘根据实施例的麦克风阵列组合件100的侧视横截面图且图5描绘麦克风阵列104。为了简洁性及说明性的目的，已从选定视图(例如(例如)图3到5)至少部分移除一些结构支撑元件，例如(例如)螺钉、垫圈、后安装板101及缆线安装钩103、支座105。
阵列式麦克风104(在本文中还被称为“麦克风阵列”)包括经配置以检测及捕获环境中的声音(例如，例如由坐在围绕会议桌的椅子上的讲话者所发出的语音)的多个麦克风换能器106(在本文中还被称为“麦克风”)。声音从音频源(例如，人类讲话者)行进到麦克风106。在一些实施例中，麦克风106可为主要对一个方向敏感的单向麦克风。在其它实施例中，麦克风106可根据期望具有其它指向性或极坐标图案，例如心形、次心形或全向。
麦克风106可为可检测来自音频源的声音且将所述声音转换成电音频信号的任何适合类型的换能器。在优选实施例中，麦克风106为微机电系统(MEMS)麦克风。在其它实施例中，麦克风106可为电容式麦克风、平衡电枢麦克风、驻极体麦克风、动态麦克风及/或其它类型的麦克风。
麦克风106可耦合到衬底107或包含于衬底107上。在MEMS麦克风的情况中，衬底107可为一或多个印刷电路板(在本文中还被称为“麦克风PCB”)。例如，在图5中，麦克风106经表面安装到麦克风PCB 107且包含于单个平面中。在(例如)其中麦克风106是电容式麦克风的其它实施例中，衬底107可由碳纤维或其它适合材料制成。
如图1及2中所展示，壳体102经配置以完全围封麦克风阵列104以保护且在结构上支撑阵列104。更具体来说，壳体102的第一面或前面包含可透声屏幕或护栅108，且壳体102的第二面或后面包含背板或支撑件110。如图1中所展示，屏幕108可具有包括多个小开口的穿孔表面且可由铝、塑料、金属丝网或其它适合材料制成。在其它实施例中，屏幕108可具有由可透声膜或织物制成的基本上固体表面。如图3中所展示，壳体102还包含隔膜111，所述隔膜111由发泡体或其它适合材料制成且定位在屏幕108与麦克风阵列104之间以保护麦克风阵列104免受外部元件的扰，如相关领域的技术人员将明白。也如图3中所展示，壳体102进一步包含侧轨112以用于将背支撑件110、发泡体隔膜111及屏幕108的每一侧紧固在一起而形成壳体102。壳体102可进一步包含支座105及间隔件(未展示)以机械支撑麦克风组合件104远离壳体102及/或组合件100的其它组件。
另外参考图6，其展示麦克风阵列组合件100安装于其中的实例天花板600。天花板600可为会议环境的部分，例如(例如)其中麦克风用来捕获来自音频源或人类讲话者的声音的董事会议。在图6的示范性环境中，人类讲话者(未展示)可坐在天花板600下方(或更具体来说，麦克风阵列组合件100下方)的桌子旁的椅子中，尽管可设想或可能有音频源及/或麦克风阵列组合件100的其它物理配置及放置。在实施例中，麦克风阵列104可经配置以(例如)根据标准天花板高度(例如，八英尺到十英尺高)或任何其它合适高度范围在环境的地板上的特定高度或高度范围处取得最优性能。
如图6中所展示，天花板600可为吊顶(还被称为下拉天花板(dropped ceiling)或悬吊天花板)或悬吊于主结构天花板下方的次级天花板。如为常规的，吊顶600包括从主天花板悬吊于导线(未展示)上且形成规则间隔的单元的图案的金属通道602的栅格。每一单元可填充有(例如)可经移除以提供用于修复或检验天花板块上的区域的入口的轻量天花板块或面板604。在优选实施例中，天花板块604是可易于安装或移除且不干扰栅格或其它块604的嵌入式块。每一天花板块604通常根据栅格的“单元大小”定尺寸及塑形。例如，在美国，单元大小通常是大约两英尺乘两英尺的方形或大约两英尺乘四英尺的矩形。举另一实例，在欧洲，单元大小通常是大约600毫米(mm)乘600mm的方形。举另一实例，在亚洲，单元大小通常是大约625mm乘625mm的方形。
在实施例中，壳体102可经定大小及塑形以安装于吊顶600中而取代天花板块604中的至少一者。例如，壳体102可具有基本上等同于形成吊顶600的栅格的单元大小的长度及宽度尺寸。在一个实施例中，壳体102基本上是尺寸为大约两英尺乘两英尺的方形(例如，侧轨112中的每一者是约2英尺长)，使得壳体102可取代标准美国吊顶中的天花板块604中的任一者。在其它实施例中，壳体102可经定大小及塑形以取代天花板块604中的两者或两者以上。例如，壳体102可被塑形为大约四英尺乘四英尺的方形，以取代形成方形的四个邻接天花板块604的任何群组。在其它实施例中，壳体102可经定大小以被配接到标准欧洲吊顶(例如，600mm乘600mm)或标准亚洲吊顶(例如，625mm乘625mm)中。通过安装麦克风阵列组合件100以取代吊顶600的天花板块604(类似于将扬声器安装于扬声器箱(例如，例如无限阻板)中)，组合件100可获得声学优势。
在一些情况中，配接器框架(未展示)可经设置以改装或调适壳体102，使得其与具有大于壳体102的单元大小的吊顶相容。例如，所述配接器框架可为可围绕壳体102的外围耦合且具有延长壳体102的尺寸以配接预定单元大小的宽度的铝框架。在此类情况中，经定大小以用于标准美国天花板的壳体102可经调适以配接(例如)标准亚洲天花板。在其它情况中，壳体102可经设计以配接最小单元大小(例如，例如600mm乘600mm方形)，且所述配接器框架可根据需要被设置成可延长壳体102的尺寸以配接各种不同单元大小(例如，例如两英尺乘两英尺方形，625mm乘625mm方形等等)的多个大小或宽度。
在实施例中，壳体102的全部或部分可为由轻量坚固的铝材料或足够轻以允许由吊顶600的栅格支撑麦克风阵列组合件100且足够坚固以使得壳体102能够支撑经安装于其中的麦克风阵列104的任何其它材料制成。例如，在某些实施例中，至少背板110包括平坦航天级铝板，所述铝板包括蜂窝芯(例如，如由
Figure GDA0001497810260000071
制造)。此外，根据某些实施例，壳体102的组件(例如，侧轨112、背部分110、屏幕108、麦克风阵列104等等)可经配置以容易地配接在一起以便组装，且容易地拆开以便拆卸。此特征允许壳体102根据终端用户的特定需求而定制，需求包含：(例如)利用不同材料(例如织物)或色彩(例如，用于匹配天花板块604的色彩)取代屏幕108；增加或移除配接器框架以改变壳体102的整体大小，如以上所描述；取代侧轨112以匹配吊顶600中的金属通道602的色彩或材料；取代或调整阵列式麦克风104(例如以提供具有更多或更少麦克风106的阵列)；等等。
另外参考图7及8，在实施例中，壳体102可经配置以提供替代安装选项，以(例如)适应具有并非吊顶的天花板700的环境。在一些情况中，麦克风阵列组合件100可包含后安装板101，如图2中所展示。可使用标准VESA安装孔模式将后安装板101耦合到安装柱702，安装柱702经配置以附接到天花板700，如图7中所展示。如图8中所展示，在一些情况中，麦克风阵列组合件100可为通过将下拉式天花板缆线704耦合到缆线安装钩103而安装到天花板700，缆线安装钩103经附接到壳体102的背支撑件110，如图2中所展示。在其它实施例中，壳体102可经配置以提供壁式安装选项及/或放置于表演区域(例如舞台)前。
现在参考图2到4，麦克风阵列组合件100包含安装于背支撑件110上的控制箱114。如图3及4中所展示，控制箱114含纳电耦合到麦克风阵列104的印刷电路板116(在本文中还被称为“音频PCB”)。例如，音频PCB 116可穿过从麦克风阵列104穿过背支撑件110中的开口120垂直延伸的板对板连接器118耦合到麦克风阵列104，或更具体来说，耦合到衬底107，如图3及4中所展示。在实施例中，音频PCB 116可经配置为音频处理器(例如，通过硬件及/或软件元件)以处理从麦克风阵列104接收且由麦克风阵列104捕获的音频信号并产生对应音频输出，如本文更详细的讨论。如所说明，控制箱114可包含可移除盖122以提供到音频PCB116及/或控制箱114内的其它组件的入口。
在实施例中，麦克风阵列组合件100包含机械耦合到控制箱114且经配置以将缆线(未展示)电耦合到音频PCB 116的外部端口124。所述缆线可为数据、音频及/或电力缆线，这取决于传递通过端口124的信息类型。例如，在将缆线耦合到音频PCB 116的外部端口124之后，外部端口124可旋即经配置以从外部控制装置(例如，音频混合器、音频记录器/放大器、会议处理器、桥接件等等)接收控制信号且将所述控制信号提供到音频PCB 116。此外，端口124可经配置以将在音频PCB 116处从麦克风阵列104接收的音频信号传输或输出到外部控制装置。在一些情况中，外部端口124可经配置以将来自外部电力供应器(例如，电池、壁式插座等等)的电力提供到音频PCB 116及/或麦克风阵列104。在优选实施例中，外部端口124是经配置以接收以太网络缆线(例如，CAT5、CAT6等等)且将电力、音频及控制连接性提供到麦克风阵列组合件100的以太网络端口。在其它实施例中，外部端口124可包含数个端口及/或可包含任何其它类型的数据、音频及/或电力端口，包含(例如)通用串行总线(USB)端口、迷你USB端口、PS/2端口、HDMI端口、串行端口、VGA端口等等。
现在参考图1及3，麦克风阵列组合件100进一步包含视觉上指示麦克风阵列104的操作模式或状态(例如，电源开启、电源关闭、静音、检测到音频等等)的指示器126。如图1中所展示，指示器126可集成到屏幕108中，使得指示器126在壳体102的前面的外部上可见以为会议环境中的人类讲话者或其它人从外部指示麦克风阵列104的操作模式。在实施例中，指示器126(在本文中还被称为“外部指示器”)包括至少一个光源(未展示)，例如(例如)根据阵列式麦克风组合件100的操作模式(例如，电源开启或关闭)而接通或切断的发光二极管(LED)。在一些实施例中，光指示器126可接通第一光源以指示麦克风阵列组合件100的第一操作模式(例如，电源开启)，接通第二光源以指示第二操作模式(例如，检测到音频)，使得在一些例子中，可同时接通两个光源。在优选实施例中，指示器126包含安装到PCB 126a(在本文中还被称为“LED PCB”)的至少一个LED(未展示)及经配置以将光从LED光学引导到屏幕108外的光导126b，如图3中所展示。LED可经由将LED PCB 126a连接到麦克风PCB 107上的连接器129的缆线128而电耦合到麦克风阵列104，如图3及5中所展示。
现在参考图3及5，在实施例中，麦克风阵列组合件100的衬底107可包含中心PCB107a及围绕所述中心板定位以增加用于安装麦克风106的可用空间的一或多个外围PCB107b。例如，麦克风106的部分可安装于中心PCB 107a上且麦克风106的剩余部分可安装于外围PCB 107b上，如下文将更详细的解释。可使用一或多个板对板连接器130将外围PCB107b中的每一者耦合到中心PCB 107a。在优选实施例中，麦克风106都安装于衬底107的一个平面中，如图4中所展示。
一或多个外围PCB 107b的数目、大小及形状可取决于(例如)边130的数目、中心PCB 107a的大小及/或形状以及衬底107的总体形状而改变。例如，在所说明的实施例中，中心PCB 107a是具有七个一致边132的多边形，且衬底107包含在每一外围PCB 107b的内端部134处分别耦合到每一边132的七个外围PCB 107b。如所说明，内端部134是一致地经定大小以匹配七个边132中的任一者的平坦表面。每一外围PCB 107b可进一步包含与内端部134相对的外端部136。在所说明的实施例中，衬底107经塑形为圆圈，且因此每一外围PCB 107b的外端部136是弯曲的。
在其它实施例中，中心PCB 107a可具有其它总体形状，包含(例如)其它类型的多边形(例如，方形、矩形、三角形、五边形等等)、圆圈或椭圆形。在此类情况中，外围PCB 107b的内端部134可根据中心PCB 107a的边132的大小及形状定大小及塑形。例如，在一个实施例中，中心PCB 107可具有圆形形状使得边132中的每一者是弯曲的且因此外围PCB 107b的内端部134也可为弯曲的。同样地，在其它实施例中，衬底107可具有其它总体形状，包含(例如)椭圆形或多边形，且可相应地塑形外围PCB 107b的外端部136。在其它实施例中，衬底107可包含环绕圆形中心PCB107a的圆环形外围PCB 107b或包括全部麦克风换能器106的单个连续板107。
如图5中所展示，在实施例中，所述多个麦克风106包含定位在中心PCB 107a的中心点处的中心麦克风106a及布置成环绕中心麦克风106a且定位在中心PCB 107a或外围PCB107b上的分形或自相似配置的麦克风106b的剩余组合。至少部分归因于麦克风106的类分形放置，阵列式麦克风104可实现跨语音频率范围的改进的指向性敏感度及指定操纵角度范围内的最大主旁瓣比。因此，麦克风阵列104可更精确地“听到”来自单个方向的信号且抑制非所要噪声及/或干扰声音，且可更有效地区分毗邻人类讲话者之间的差异。另外，麦克风配置的分形性质通过添加更多麦克风及/或产生较大尺寸的麦克风阵列104而允许阵列104的指向性可易于延伸到更广频率范围(例如，较低及/或较高频率)。
更具体来说，在实施例中，麦克风106可布置成具有可变大小的同心圆形环圈以避免非所要拾取模式(例如，归因于光栅瓣)且适应宽广范围的音频频率。如本文所使用，术语“环圈”可包含任何类型的圆形配置(例如，正圆、近乎正圆、勉强正圆等等)以及任何类型的椭圆形配置或其它椭圆形环。如图5中所展示，环圈可定位在距中心麦克风106a或衬底107的中心点的各种径向距离处以形成可处置渐进较低音频频率的嵌套配置，其中最外的环圈经配置而最优地以预定操作范围中的最低频率操作。可通过使用谐波嵌套技术将同心环圈用于覆盖操作频率的范围内的特定频带。
在实施例中，每一环圈含有剩余麦克风106b的不同子集，且麦克风106b的每一子集可沿对应环圈的圆周以预定间隔定位。给定环圈内的相邻麦克风106b之间的预定间隔或间距可取决于所述环圈的大小或直径、包含于指派到所述环圈的子集中的麦克风106b的数目及/或环圈中的麦克风106b的所要敏感度或总声音压力。增加麦克风106的数目及环圈的麦克风密度(例如，归因于环圈的嵌套)可帮助移除光栅瓣，且借此利用跨预设范围内的所有频率的接近恒定频率响应产生改进的波束宽度。
如将明白，图5仅展示阵列式麦克风104的示范性实施例且根据本文揭示的原理设想麦克风106的其它配置。例如，在一些实施例中，所述多个麦克风106可布置成围绕中心点的同心环圈，但无任何麦克风定位在中心点处(例如，无中心麦克风106a)。在其它实施例中，仅麦克风106的部分可布置成同心环圈且麦克风106的剩余部分可定位在离散环圈外或之间的各种点处、衬底107上的随机位置处或任何其它适合的布置中。
图9通过图表描绘根据某些实施例的可存在于阵列式麦克风中的示范性麦克风配置900。麦克风配置900可基本上类似于包含于麦克风阵列104中的麦克风106的自相似配置，除包含于阵列104的最内环圈中的麦克风106b的数目外。如所展示，麦克风配置900包含定位在配置900的中心处的一个麦克风902(例如，中心麦克风106a)及布置成七个同心环圈910到922的多个麦克风906(例如，麦克风106b的剩余组合)。为了便于解释及说明，绘制通过形成麦克风配置900的环圈的麦克风906的每一群组的圆圈。
为了容纳麦克风906，麦克风配置900可安装于多个印刷电路板(未展示)上，类似于中心PCB 107a及多个外围PCB 107b。例如，现在还参考图5，麦克风906可包含：(ⅰ)麦克风902的第一子集，其安装于中心PCB 107a上以形成环绕中心麦克风906的第一环圈910；(ⅱ)麦克风906的第二子集，其安装于中心PCB 107a上以形成环绕第一环圈910的第二环圈912；(ⅲ)麦克风906的第三子集，其安装于中心PCB107a上以形成环绕第二环圈912的第三环圈914；(ⅳ)麦克风906的第四子集，其安装于中心PCB 107a上以形成环绕第三环圈914的第四环圈916；(v)麦克风906的第五子集，其安装于外围PCB 107b上以形成环绕第四环圈916的第五环圈918；(vi)麦克风906的第六子集，其安装于外围PCB 107b上以形成环绕第五环圈918的第六环圈920；及(vii)麦克风906的第七子集，其安装于外围PCB 107b上且靠近外围PCB107b的边缘以形成环绕第六环圈920的第七环圈922。
在实施例中，包含于麦克风阵列中的环圈910到922的数目、每一环圈的直径及/或相邻环圈之间的径向距离可取决于阵列式麦克风经配置以在其内操作的所要频率范围及将由每一环圈覆盖的所述范围的百分比而改变。在实施例中，麦克风阵列中的每一环圈的直径界定所述环圈内的麦克风的子集可操作且不拾取非所要信号(例如，归因于光栅瓣)的最低频率。因而，最外环圈922的直径可确定麦克风阵列的操作频率范围的低端，且剩余环圈直径可通过细分剩余频率范围而确定。例如但不限制，在一些实施例中，麦克风阵列可经配置以覆盖至少100赫兹(Hz)到至少10千赫(KHz)的操作频率范围，其中每一环圈覆盖或促进覆盖此范围内的不同倍频带或其它频带。举进一步实例来说，在此类实施例中，最外环圈922可经配置以覆盖最低频带(例如，100Hz)，且剩余环圈910到920(单独或与一或多个其它环圈组合)可促进覆盖剩余倍频带或频带(例如，开始于200Hz、400Hz、800Hz、1600Hz、3200Hz及/或6400Hz的频带)。
如将明白，除阵列波束的主瓣外，旁瓣还可存在于麦克风阵列的极坐标响应中，旁瓣是由在除所要波束角度外的角度处的非所要、无关拾取敏感度而引起。由于当操纵阵列波束时可改变旁瓣的量值及频率敏感度，所以一旦将波束操纵到不同方向时，相对于主瓣通常具有十分小的旁瓣的波束可具有大得多的旁瓣响应。在一些情况中，在某些频率下旁瓣敏感度可甚至与主瓣敏感度匹敌。然而，在实施例中，在麦克风阵列内包含更多麦克风906可增强给定波束的主瓣且借此减少旁瓣敏感度与主瓣敏感度的比率。
在实施例中，环圈910到922可相对于通过阵列的中心(例如，中心麦克风902)的中心轴930至少被轻微地旋转，以优化所述麦克风阵列的指向性。在此类情况中，麦克风阵列可经配置以约束对主瓣的麦克风敏感度，借此最大化主瓣响应且减少旁瓣响应。在一些实施例中，环圈910到922可(例如)通过将每一环圈旋转数个不同角度而彼此旋转地偏移，使得轴向对准不超过任何两个麦克风906。例如，在具有较少数目个麦克风的麦克风阵列中，此旋转偏移可有利于减少当对准两个以上麦克风时可发生的非所要声学信号拾取。在其它实施例中，例如，在具有大量麦克风的阵列中，可更任意地实施旋转偏移(如果有)，及/或可利用其它方法来优化麦克风阵列的总体指向性。
返回参考图5，在实施例中，外围PCB 107b中的每一者可经一致地设计以流线制造及组装。例如，如图5中所展示，每一外围PCB 107b可具有一个一致形状，且麦克风106b可被放置于每一板107b上的相同位置中。以此方式，外围PCB 107b中的任一者可被耦合到连接器130中的任一者，以将外围PCB 107b电耦合到中心PCB107a。例如，在所说明的实施例中，麦克风PCB 107包含七个外围PCB 107b，使得外围PCB 107b中的每一者可包含一致位置中的八个麦克风。剩余64个麦克风是包含于中心PCB 107a上，使得麦克风阵列104包含总共120个麦克风。
在实施例中，中心PCB 107a及/或外围PCB 107b中的每一者上的麦克风106的总数目及/或麦克风106b的数目可取决于(例如)谐波嵌套的配置、阵列104的预设操作频率范围、麦克风阵列104的总体大小以及其它考虑而改变。例如，在图9中，麦克风配置900仅包含113个麦克风，或更具体来说，由112个麦克风906环绕一个中心麦克风，这是因为环圈910包含比图5中的麦克风阵列104的对应环圈少七个麦克风906。在某些实施例中，可利用极少到无频率覆盖或麦克风敏感度损耗来实现将这些七个麦克风从第一或最内环圈910移除。
在实施例中，可选择经包含于环圈910到922中的每一者中的麦克风906的数目，以在麦克风配置900中产生自相似或重复图案。这可允许麦克风配置900易于通过添加一或多个环圈以覆盖更多音频频率而延伸，或易于通过移除一或多个环圈以覆盖更少频率而减少。例如，在图5及9的所说明的实施例中，通过将7个、14个或21个(例如，7的倍数)麦克风106b/906放置于七个环圈910到922中的每一者中来形成分形或自相似配置。其它实施例可包含麦克风106b/906的其它可重复布置(例如，例如另一大于1的整数的倍数)或可简化阵列式麦克风104的制造的任何其它图案。例如，但不限制，在一个实施例中，内环圈910到920中的每一者中的麦克风906的数目可在两个数之间(例如8与16之间)交替，而最外环圈922可包含任何数目的麦克风906(例如20个)。
如将明白，在其它实施例中，取决于(例如)每一环圈之间的所要距离、衬底107的总体大小、阵列104中的麦克风106的总数目、由阵列104覆盖的预设音频频率范围以及其它与性能及/或制造相关的考虑，麦克风106/906可被布置成其它配置形状，例如(例如)椭圆形、方形、矩形、三角形、五边形或其它多边形，其具有麦克风106/906的更多或更少子集或环圈，及/或在环圈910到922中的每一者中具有不同数目的麦克风106/906。
图10说明包括阵列式麦克风系统1030及控制装置1032的示范性音频系统1000的框图。阵列式麦克风系统1030可类似于图1到5中展示的阵列式麦克风组合件100而配置或配置成其它配置。例如，阵列式麦克风系统1030可包含类似于阵列式麦克风104的阵列式麦克风1034。阵列式麦克风系统1030还可包含从阵列式麦克风1034接收音频信号且配置为音频记录器、音频混合器、放大器及/或用于处理由麦克风阵列1034捕获的音频信号的其它组件的音频组件1036。在此类实施例中，音频组件1036可至少部分包含于印刷电路板(未展示)上，例如(例如)音频PCB 116。在其它实施例中，音频组件1036定位在独立于阵列式麦克风系统1030的音频系统1000中，且阵列式麦克风系统1030(例如，控制装置1032内)可与音频组件1036有线或无线地通信。阵列式麦克风系统1030可进一步包含类似于指示器126的指示器1038以视觉上指示阵列式麦克风系统1030的前外部上的麦克风阵列1034的操作模式。
控制装置1032可与阵列式麦克风系统1030有线或无线地通信以控制音频组件1036、麦克风阵列1034及/或指示器1038。例如，控制装置1036可包含用以激活或撤销激活麦克风阵列1034及/或指示器1038的控制件。控制装置1036上的控制件可进一步使得能够调整麦克风阵列1034的参数，例如指向性、增益、噪声抑制、拾取模式、静音、频率响应等等。在实施例中，控制装置1036可为膝上型计算机、桌上型计算机、平板计算机、智能电话、专属装置及/或其它类型的电子装置。在其它实施例中，控制装置1036可包含一或多个开关、调光器旋钮、按钮及类似者。
在一些实施例中，麦克风阵列系统1030包含用于促进系统1030与控制装置1036及/或其它计算机装置之间的无线通信(例如，通过接收及/或接收RF信号)的无线通信装置1040(例如，射频(RF)发射器及/或接收器)。例如，无线通信可呈模拟或数字调制信号的形式且可含有由麦克风阵列1034捕获的音频信号及/或从控制装置1036接收的控制信号。在一些实施例中，无线通信装置1040可包含用于通过与远程计算机装置及/或服务器的通信而促进网络会议及其它类似特征的内建网络服务器。
在一些实施例中，阵列式麦克风系统1030包含类似于外部端口124的外部端口(未展示)，且系统1030经由耦合到端口124的缆线1042与控制装置1036进行有线通信。在一个此实施例中，音频系统1000进一步包含还经由缆线1042耦合到阵列式麦克风系统1030的电力供应器1044，使得缆线1042携带电力、控制及/或音频系统1000的各种组件之间的音频信号。在优选实施例中，缆线1042是以太网络缆线(例如，CAT5、CAT6等等)。在其它实施例中，电力供应器1044是经由单独电力缆线耦合到阵列式麦克风系统1030。
如所说明，指示器1038可包含第一光源1046及第二光源1048。第一光源1046可经配置以通过接通或切断灯而指示麦克风阵列1034的第一操作模式或状态，且同样地，第二光源1048可经配置以指示麦克风阵列1034的第二操作模式。例如，第一光源1046可指示麦克风阵列系统1030是否具有电力(例如，如果接通系统1030，那么灯1046是否接通)，且第二光源1048可指示麦克风阵列1034是否已静音(例如，如果系统1030已设置为静音设置，那么灯1048是否接通)。在其它情况中，光源1046、1048中的至少一者可指示是否已从外界音频源接收音频(例如在网络会议期间)。在优选实施例中，第一光源1046是具有第一光色的第一LED，且第二光源1048是具有不同于第一光色的第二光色(例如，蓝、绿、红、白等等)的第二LED。指示器1038可与控制装置1032及/或音频组件1036电子通信且由控制装置1032及/或音频组件1036控制(例如)以确定可由指示器1038指示哪种(些)操作模式且将哪个(些)色彩、哪个(些)LED或其它形式的指示指派到每一操作模式。
在实施例中，音频组件1036可经配置(例如，经由计算机编程指令)以使得能够调整麦克风阵列1034的参数，例如指向性、增益、噪声抑制、拾取模式、静音、频率响应等等。此外，音频组件1036可包含音频混合器(未展示)以使得能够混合由麦克风阵列1034捕获的音频信号(例如，组合、路由、改变及/或以其它方式操纵音频信号)。音频混合器可持续监测从麦克风阵列1034中的每一麦克风接收的音频信号；自动选择由麦克风阵列1034针对给定人类讲话者形成的合适(例如最优)瓣；将选定的瓣直接朝向人类讲话者自动定位或操纵；且输出加强所述所选定的瓣且同时抑制来自其它音频源的信号的音频信号。
在实施例中，为了适应一些人类讲话者同时讲话(例如，在董事会议环境中)的可能性，麦克风阵列1034可经配置以同时在围绕麦克风阵列1034的任何角度处形成多达八个瓣(例如)以模拟桌子边的多达八个就座位置。由于其麦克风配置(例如，麦克风配置900)，麦克风阵列1034可形成相对较窄的瓣(例如，如图11中所展示)以拾取环境中的较少非所要音频信号(例如噪声)。可操纵所述瓣以提供对定位在围绕阵列1034的360度的任何点处的人类讲话者的音频拾取覆盖。例如，音频组件1036可经配置(例如，使用计算机编程指令)以允许瓣经操纵或调整到覆盖方位角、仰角及距离或半径的一个三维空间中的任何点。在实施例中，在物理上不移动阵列1034的情况下可电子操纵麦克风阵列1034的波束图案。
此外，音频混合器可经配置以同时提供多达八个个别路由的输出或通道(未展示)，每一输出对应于麦克风阵列1034的八个瓣中的相应一者且通过组合从麦克风阵列1034中的所有麦克风接收的输入而产生。所述音频混合器还可提供第九自动混合输出以捕获所有其它音频信号。如将明白，麦克风阵列1034可经配置以具有任何数目的瓣。
根据实施例，麦克风阵列1034的瓣可经配置以具有允许音频组件1036在人类讲话者在环境内移动时有效地追踪且捕获来自人类讲话者的音频的可调整波束宽度。在一些情况中，麦克风阵列系统1030及/或控制装置1032可包含允许手动波束宽度调整的用户控制件(未展示)。例如，所述用户控制件可为旋钮、滑件或可在三个设置之间调整的其它手动控制件：正常波束宽度、宽波束宽度及窄波束宽度。在其它情况中，可使用在音频组件1036及/或控制装置1032上运行的软件来配置波束宽度控制件。
在其中包含多个麦克风阵列系统1030(例如)以覆盖十分大的会议室的环境中，音频系统1000可包含音频混合器，所述音频混合器从包含于每一麦克风阵列系统1030中的音频组件1036接收输出且基于所述所接收的音频信号输出混合输出。
音频组件1036还可包含与音频混合器有线或无线通信的音频放大器/记录器(未展示)。音频放大器/记录器可为从音频混合器接收所述经混合的音频信号且放大所述混合的音频信号以输出到扬声器、耳机、直播无线电或TV转播等等及/或将所述接收的信号记录到媒体(例如快闪存储器、硬盘、固态驱动器、磁带、光学媒体等等)上的组件。例如，音频放大器/记录器可将声音通过定位在环境600中的扬声器传播到观众或经由有线或无线连接传播到远程环境。
图10中展示的组件之间的连接希望描绘经由有线及/或无线通信链接的控制信号、音频信号及/或其它信号的潜在流。此类信号可呈数字及/或模拟格式。
在实施例中，麦克风阵列1034包含布置成包括环绕中心麦克风(例如麦克风902)的麦克风的同心嵌套环圈(例如，环圈910到922)的自相似或重复配置的多个MEMS麦克风(例如，麦克风906)。MEMS麦克风可为成本十分低且大小十分小，这允许大量麦克风在单个麦克风阵列中放置为紧接近。例如，在实施例中，麦克风阵列1034包含113个与120个之间的麦克风且具有小于两英尺的直径(例如以配接取代一个两英尺乘两英尺的天花板块)。此外，通过使用麦克风阵列1034中的MEMS麦克风，音频组件1036可需要较少编程及其它基于软件的配置。更具体来说，由于MEMS麦克风产生呈数字格式的音频信号，所以音频组件1036无需包含减少用以混合由麦克风捕获的音频信号所需的处理量的模拟转数字转换/调制技术。另外，麦克风阵列1034可固有地更能够抑制振动噪声，这是因为MEMS麦克风是优良压力换能器但是较差机械换能器且相较于其它麦克风技术具有优良射频抗扰性的事实。
图11是根据实施例的实例麦克风极坐标图案1100的图式。极坐标图案1100表示给定麦克风阵列(例如，麦克风阵列1034/104或具有麦克风配置900的麦克风阵列)的指向性，或更具体来说，指示麦克风阵列对以围绕麦克风阵列的中心轴的不同角度到达的声音是如何敏感。特定来说，极坐标图案1100展示在频率500Hz、1000Hz、2000Hz、4000Hz及8000Hz中的每一者处的麦克风阵列的极坐标响应，其中麦克风阵列经配置以在这些频率中的每一者处形成瓣1102或指向性波束且将瓣1102操纵到相对于阵列平面的60度的仰角。如将明白，尽管极坐标图1100展示在所选定的频率处的单个瓣1102的极坐标响应，但麦克风阵列能够沿多个方向同时产生多个瓣，其中每一瓣具有等效或至少基本上类似的极坐标响应。
如由极坐标图案1100所展示，在1000Hz频率处，旁瓣1104以10分贝(dB)形成于主瓣1102下方。此外，如图11中所展示，500Hz处的低频率响应具有表示较低指向性的大波束宽度，而在1000Hz、2000Hz、4000Hz及8000Hz处的较高频率响应中的每一者具有表示高指向性的窄波束宽度。因此，在实施例中，麦克风阵列可提供具有高位准旁瓣抑制的跨语音频率范围的高总体指向性指数(例如，19dB)及指定操纵角度范围内的最优主旁瓣比(例如，10dB)。
图12说明根据实施例组装阵列式麦克风的实例方法1200。所述阵列式麦克风可基本上类似于图5中展示的阵列式麦克风104及/或可包含布置成基本上类似于图9中展示的麦克风配置900的配置的多个麦克风。阵列式麦克风可布置于衬底上，例如(例如)印刷电路板、碳纤维板或任何其它适合的衬底。在一些实施例中，所述衬底包含中心板(例如，中心PCB 107a)及多个外围或卫星板(例如，外围PCB 107b)。在此类情况中，方法1200可包含步骤1204，其中(例如)使用板对板连接器(例如连接器130)将外围板电耦合到中心板。
在一些实施例中，方法1200包含：在步骤1206处，选择将在每一配置中包含的将放置于衬底上的麦克风(例如，麦克风106b/906)的总数目。在所述配置包含数个同心环圈的情况下，可基于阵列的所要频率范围、指派到环圈的频带、阵列的所要麦克风密度以及其它考虑而选择每一环圈中的麦克风的数目，如本文所讨论。在一个实施例中，总数目可从由大于1的整数的倍数的数字组成的群组选择。例如，针对图5及9中展示的环圈，所述整数是7，且每一环圈包含7个、14个或21个麦克风。其它图案或布置可驱使针对每一配置选择麦克风的总数目，如本文所描述。
如所说明，方法1200包含：在步骤1208处，在衬底上将第一多个麦克风布置成第一配置。方法1200还包含：在步骤1210处，在所述衬底上将第二多个麦克风布置成第二配置，所述第二配置同心环绕所述第一配置。在一些实施例中，方法1200可另外包含：在步骤1212处，在衬底上将第三多个麦克风布置成第三配置，所述第三配置同心环绕所述第二配置。
在实施例中，第一配置、第二配置及/或第三配置中的每一者包括定位在距衬底的中心点不同径向距离处的数个同心环圈以形成嵌套配置。在一些情况中，第一配置包含与第二配置及第三配置中的至少一者数个不同的同心环圈。例如，在图9的所说明的实施例中，第一配置包括至少最内环圈910、第二环圈912及第三环圈914；第二配置包括至少第四环圈916及第五环圈918；且第三配置包括至少第六环圈920及最外环圈922。在配置中的每一者中，布置麦克风可包含：针对每一同心环圈沿所述环圈的圆周在预定间隔处布置麦克风的子集。在一些实施例中，第一配置进一步包含衬底的中心点，且所述第一多个麦克风中的至少一者定位在所述中心点处。此外，在一些实施例中，包含于第二配置中的环圈中的至少一者可定位在外围板上。此外，在一些实施例中，第三配置可完全定位在外围板上。
在一些实施例中，方法1200可包含：在步骤1214处，使得第一配置、第二配置、第三配置及第四配置中的至少一者相对于阵列式麦克风的中心轴(例如，中心轴930)旋转，使得所述配置彼此至少轻微旋转偏移以改进阵列式麦克风的总体指向性。方法1200还可包含：在步骤1216处，将麦克风中的每一者电耦合到音频处理器以用于处理由麦克风捕获的音频信号。
在实施例中，所述第一多个、所述第二多个及/或所述第三多个麦克风经配置以覆盖不同预设频率范围，或在一些情况中，覆盖阵列式麦克风的总体操作范围内的倍频带(例如但不限制于100Hz到10KHz)。根据实施例，可由指派到形成环圈的麦克风的最低操作频率界定每一同心环圈的直径。在一些情况中，包含于第一配置、第二配置及/或第三配置中的同心环圈是谐波嵌套的。在优选实施例中，麦克风阵列包含多个MEMS麦克风。
图中的任何过程描述或框应理解为表示包含用于实施过程中的特定逻辑功能或步骤的一或多个可执行指令的程序代码的模块、片段或部分，且替代实施方案包含于其中可不按所展示或讨论的顺序，包含基本上同时或按反序(这取决于所涉及的功能性)，执行功能的本发明的实施例的范围内，如将由所属领域的一般技术人员所了解。
本发明希望解释如何根据技术塑造且使用各种实施例而非限制本发明的真实、预期且合理的范围及精神。以上描述不希望为排他性或受限于所揭示的精确形式。鉴于以上教示，修改或变动是可能的。选择且描述实施例以提供对所描述的技术的原理及其实际应用的最佳说明，且使得所属领域的一般技术人员能够利用各种实施例中的技术且设想适合特定用途的各种修改。所有此类修改及变动是在由所附权利要求书确定的实施例的范围内，当根据其所合理、合法及公正地授权的广度解释时，可在此专利申请案及其全部等效物的未决期间改正所述修改及变动。

Claims (31)

1.一种阵列式麦克风系统，其包括：
衬底；及
多个麦克风，其在所述衬底上经布置成数个具有可变大小的同心嵌套环圈，每一环圈包括沿所述环圈的圆周经定位在预定间隔处的所述多个麦克风的子集，其中所述环圈为谐波嵌套的，且相对于所述衬底的中心轴线彼此旋转偏移。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述环圈经定位在距所述中心轴线的中心点的不同的、谐波相关的径向距离处，以形成所述谐波嵌套配置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述多个麦克风是微机电系统MEMS麦克风。
4.根据权利要求2所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述同心嵌套环圈中的每一者形成圆圈。
5.根据权利要求2所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中每一环圈的所述径向距离是基于经指派到被包含于所述环圈中的麦克风的所述子集的最低操作频率来确定。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中同心嵌套环圈的数目是7个。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述多个麦克风包含至少113个麦克风。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述多个麦克风包含多达120个麦克风。
9.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中麦克风的所述环圈经配置以覆盖音频频率的预设范围。
10.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中每一环圈包括预定数目个麦克风，所述预定数目是选自由大于1的整数的倍数的数字组成的群组。
11.根据权利要求10所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述整数为奇数。
12.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其进一步包括处理器，所述处理器经电耦合到所述衬底，且经配置以接收由所述多个麦克风中的每一者捕获的音频信号，且基于所述接收的信号来产生输出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述处理器经配置以基于所述接收的音频信号而同时产生多个音频输出。
14.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其进一步包括外部指示器，所述外部指示器耦合到所述衬底，且经配置以指示所述阵列式麦克风系统的操作模式。
15.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中所述衬底包括中心印刷电路板PCB及围绕所述中心PCB径向定位且电连接到所述中心PCB的多个外围印刷电路板PCB，所述数个同心嵌套环圈中的至少一者定位在所述多个外围PCB上。
16.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其进一步包括至少一个布置在所述中心轴的中心点上的麦克风。
17.根据权利要求1所述的阵列式麦克风系统，其中每一环圈从中心轴旋转偏移不同的度数。
18.一种组装阵列式麦克风的方法，其包括：
布置第一多个麦克风，以在衬底上形成第一配置；
布置第二多个麦克风，以在所述衬底上形成第二配置，所述第二配置同心地环绕所述第一配置；
使所述第一配置及所述第二配置中的至少一者相对于所述阵列式麦克风的中心轴旋转；
将所述第一多个麦克风及所述第二多个麦克风中的每一者电耦合到音频处理器，所述音频处理器用于处理由所述麦克风捕获的音频信号，
其中所述第一配置及所述第二配置是谐波嵌套的。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述第一多个麦克风及所述第二多个麦克风经配置以覆盖不同预设频率范围。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述第一配置及所述第二配置中的每一者包括经定位在距所述衬底的中心点的不同的、谐波相关的径向距离处的数个同心环圈，以形成谐波嵌套配置。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中布置所述第一多个麦克风包含：针对所述数个同心环圈中的每一者，将所述第一多个麦克风的子集沿所述环圈的圆周布置于预定间隔处。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述第一配置进一步包括所述衬底的所述中心点，且布置所述第一多个麦克风包含：将所述第一多个麦克风中的至少一者布置于所述中心点处。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述第一配置包含与所述第二配置数目不同的同心环圈。
24.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中由经指派到形成所述环圈的所述麦克风的最低操作频率来界定每一同心环圈的直径。
25.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述衬底包括中心板及径向耦合到所述中心板的多个外围板，且所述第二配置中的所述同心环圈中的至少一者是包含于所述多个外围板上，所述方法进一步包括：将所述多个外围板电耦合到所述中心板。
26.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其进一步包括：
在所述衬底上，将第三多个麦克风布置成第三配置，所述第三配置同心环绕所述第二配置；且
将所述第三多个麦克风电耦合到所述音频处理器。
27.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述麦克风是微机电系统MEMS麦克风。
28.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其进一步包括：选择将在所述第一配置及所述第二配置中的每一者中包含的麦克风的总数目。
29.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中每一环圈包括预定数目个麦克风，所述预定数目是选自由大于1的整数的倍数的数字组成的群组。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法，其中所述整数为奇数。
31.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中每一同心环圈从中心轴旋转偏移不同的度数。
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