CN107209118B - 在自体荧光存在下生物材料中目标荧光团的成像 - Google Patents

在自体荧光存在下生物材料中目标荧光团的成像 Download PDF

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CN107209118B
CN107209118B CN201580064648.8A CN201580064648A CN107209118B CN 107209118 B CN107209118 B CN 107209118B CN 201580064648 A CN201580064648 A CN 201580064648A CN 107209118 B CN107209118 B CN 107209118B
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E.H.莫里亚马
史俊豪
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Abstract

本文公开了提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的方法和系统,其包括诱导生物材料的自体荧光和荧光团的荧光二者,获得由生物材料的自体荧光和荧光团二者产生的图像,和仅由自体荧光产生的图像,两个图像相减以产生仅代表荧光团的图像,其中在获得图像之前,调制用来诱导自体荧光和荧光的激发光的相对强度。

Description

在自体荧光存在下生物材料中目标荧光团的成像
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及2014年9月29日提交的美国临时申请号62/056830,其公开内容通过引用结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及荧光成像,且特别是涉及在自体荧光的存在下,生物材料中目标荧光团的成像。
背景
在生命科学中,荧光通常用作鉴定和分析生物材料的非侵入性方法。生物材料例如蛋白、核酸、脂质、细胞和细胞组分、干细胞或小分子中的特定目标可用外在或外生荧光团标记,因而随后成像。生物材料也自然会发荧光,其被称为内在荧光或“自体荧光”,因为它在不存在外生给予的荧光团的情况下出现。自体荧光被认为源自生物材料中的各种内生荧光团,包括例如烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)、弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白、黄素、氨基酸和卟啉。
当用适当的激发波长的光照射生物材料时,自体荧光和荧光发射可以生成并记录为图像。然而,自体荧光,其是荧光团的组合的结果且以几百纳米扩展的宽发射光谱为特征,当荧光团和自体荧光的发射光谱重叠时,可能干扰检测特定的荧光团发射的能力。在这样的情况下,除了通过屏蔽感兴趣的荧光团的荧光减少信号检测灵敏性外,自体荧光也可通过提供假阳性结果减少检测的特异性。
解决这个问题的一个途径是利用减少或最大限度地降低由生物材料的自体荧光所致的检测发射信号的装置。现有技术描述了通过在图像采集前使用生物材料的各种预处理来减少自体荧光的方法。然而,这样的技术也可降低生物材料自身的品质,且通常不适合于体内应用。或者,如果自体荧光发射自身不能减轻,则有可能通过任何获得的荧光图像的数字处理,最大限度地减少从自体荧光至图像数据的信号贡献。例如在含有来自感兴趣的荧光团和自体荧光二者的合并信号的图像中,这些方法中的一些依靠获得“纯”自体荧光信号的估计值并使用这样的估计值通过加权减法除去自体荧光。其它方法使用统计相关性技术以改正额外的自体荧光信号。这些图像数据处理技术在现有技术参考文献中描述且通常通过差的准确度,通过需要小(即,低分辨率)数据集,或通过需要重要的后处理限制。因此,理想的是建立一种高分辨率的图像处理技术,以快速和准确地分辨生物材料中感兴趣的荧光团发射的荧光与相同生物材料中的自体荧光发射。
概述
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的方法,其中生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段。该方法包括用第一激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射,从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像,并处理第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像,其中在获得第一和第二荧光图像之前,调制第一和第二激发光的相对强度。所述处理可例如包括从第一荧光图像减去第二荧光图像。
根据一个实施方案,相对强度的调制包括鉴定第一和第二荧光发射中的波长区,其中波长区是由荧光团引起的发射存在于第一荧光发射中,而不存在于第二荧光发射中的区域, 选择波长区以外的波段, 计算选择的波段下的第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率,并调节第一和第二激发光的相对强度,以调节对应的第一荧光发射、第二荧光发射或二者,直至达到一个合适的计算比率。根据一个实施方案,第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率可通过将对应于第一荧光发射的曲线下面积值除以对应于第二荧光发射的曲线下面积值来计算。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的系统,其中生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段。系统包括用于用第一激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射的装置,用于从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像的装置,用于在采集第一和第二荧光图像之前调制第一和第二激发光的相对强度的装置,和用于处理第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像的装置。根据一个实施方案,用于照射的装置包括照射模块,用于获得的装置包括荧光发射采集模块,和用于处理的装置包括处理器模块。
在其中目标荧光团是卟啉的实施方案中,例如,第一激发光具有约405 nm的波长,第二激发光具有约450 nm的波长,选择的波段是约600 nm,和计算的比率是约1。
附图简述
在说明本发明的实施方案的附图中,
图1图示地说明根据一个实施方案的示例性方法;
图2说明从尿中的自体荧光和卟啉(图2A),尿中的自体荧光(图2B)产生的荧光光谱,和对应于根据各个实施方案获得的单独卟啉的差示光谱(图2C);
图3说明根据一个实施方案的新鲜获得的尿(3A)和光漂白的尿(3B)在405 nm和450 nm的荧光光谱;
图4说明对应于图3中的荧光光谱的图像,其中左栏(A、C、E)涉及新鲜收集的尿,而右栏(B、D、F)涉及光漂白的尿,上排(A、B)涉及从约405 nm激发的荧光图像,中排(C、D)涉及从约450 nm激发的荧光图像,和下排(E、F)说明根据一个实施方案获得的对应于目标荧光团(卟啉)的差示图像;
图5A说明当用405 nm光激发时,受试者前臂的示例体内荧光图像,显示来自前臂的自体荧光和卟啉荧光;图5B说明如在图5A的前臂的相同区域,在用450 nm光激发时的荧光图像,显示自体荧光减少至与图5A中的自体荧光水平类似的水平,其中卟啉荧光在450nm激发下不存在;图5C说明根据一个实施方案除去自体荧光的卟啉的荧光图像;
图6A说明在激发强度被调节在600 nm后,在405 nm和450 nm的背景强度值,并在激发之间观察到背景值之间的低于约2%的差异;图6B说明来自在405 nm下激发的荧光图像和根据一个实施方案除去背景后的信噪比的比较;
图7说明根据一个实施方案的提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的系统;
图8说明根据一个实施方案的照射模块;和
图9说明根据一个实施方案的荧光发射采集模块。
详述
现在对本发明的各个方面和变化的实施方式和实施方案进行详细描述,其实施例在附图中说明。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的方法,其中生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段。图1图示地说明本发明根据一个实施方案的方法。参考图1,该方法包括用第一激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射,从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像,并处理第一和第二荧光图像,以获得代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像,其中第一和第二激发光的相对强度在获得第一和第二荧光图像之前被调制。
在各个实施方案中,生物材料包括源自、得自,或位于生物受试者(例如,哺乳动物)中的材料,并且还包括体外、原位或体内材料。生物材料的例子包括源自或位于哺乳动物(包括人)的生物组织或流体或其部分、器官、细胞、细胞系、细胞成分。生物材料包括得自、源自或在受试者的组织中的细胞的收集,例如,来自受试者发育的任何时间的上皮组织、结缔组织、血管、肌肉、神经组织、骨。在各个实施方案中,生物材料包括包含目标荧光团(例如,卟啉)的健康的、病变的或恶性组织(例如,癌或肿瘤组织)。生物材料的例子还包括细菌,包括存在于受试者(人、动物)中的细菌。为流体的生物材料的例子包括尿、血清、血浆,或血。在各个实施方案中,生物材料可以是用于组织化学、免疫组织化学, 细胞化学、免疫荧光、免疫印迹或其它荧光相关的成像应用的组织切片。
在各个实施方案中,生物材料中的目标荧光团是当用特定波长的光激发时,以不同的(通常较长)的波长发射光的荧光团。目标荧光团包括具有分析、预后、诊断、生理、病理意义或其组合的荧光团。在各个实施方案中,目标荧光团可天然存在于生物材料中(即,内生荧光团),以前体或最终形式,或其组合外部给予生物材料内(即,外生荧光团)。天然存在的或内生荧光团的例子包括卟啉、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白、黄素,和氨基酸。在其中卟啉是目标荧光团的实施方案中,卟啉包括一类有机化合物,其与生物系统相关并形成为血红素生物合成中的前体中间体。例如,在人和其它哺乳动物中,具有8-、7-、6-、5-和4-羧基的卟啉通常为血红素合成而过量形成,并因而在尿中排泄。在各个实施方案中,术语“卟啉”包括,例如卟啉衍生物、粪卟啉、尿卟啉、原卟啉、卟啉缀合物、脂质体,和纳米囊泡。
外生荧光团的例子包括各种荧光探针或荧光诱导剂,其可被用来增强(例如,提高)至生物材料的组分的荧光特性或给生物材料的组分提供荧光特性。例如,荧光探针可与生物材料的组分缔合或附接于其上,以例如增强组分中内生荧光团的荧光。外生荧光探针的例子包括异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)、荧光素、荧光染料、4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI),和曙红。荧光诱导剂的例子包括可插入细胞染色体以诱导荧光蛋白(例如,绿色荧光蛋白)产生的基因。荧光诱导剂可以是可增强目标荧光团的荧光反应的辅助剂。例如在其中目标荧光团是卟啉的实施方案中,辅助剂可以是选择的食物来源(例如,生卟啉食物或化学物质)、氨基乙酰丙酸或HEME路径中的某些酶的抑制剂(例如,亚铁螯合酶(ferrochelatease)抑制剂),其当消费或给予受试者时,增加卟啉的荧光反应。
生物材料在外生给予的荧光团的不存在下,由于在生物材料中存在各种内生荧光团,会天然发荧光或“自发荧光(autofluoresces)”。自体荧光由生物材料中的各种荧光团引起,包括例如烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)、弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白、黄素、氨基酸、脂褐质、晚期糖基化终产物,和卟啉。生物材料包括在用于本发明的方法和系统的各个实施方案之前已被加工或被另外处理的材料。例如,在某些实施方案中,预处理可包括生物材料的光漂白,以推测通过灭活某些自体荧光内生荧光团减少生物材料的自体荧光,并因此在其中目标荧光团比较不容易受到光漂白或以比生物材料中自体荧光荧光团更慢的速率被光漂白的情况下,促进目标荧光团的更清晰的后续解析。
根据各个实施方案,所述方法包括用第一激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射。在各个实施方案中,选择第一激发光的波长,以便当第一激发光照射生物材料时,引起自体荧光的生物材料中的荧光团和目标荧光团二者被激发并发射第一荧光发射。在各个实施方案中,选择第二激发光的波长,以仅仅使生物材料中产生自体荧光的荧光团被激发并发射第二荧光发射。在各个实施方案中,例如,第一激发光可具有范围从约350 nm至约450 nm的波长,而第二激发光可具有范围从约450 nm至约700 nm的波长。具有第一激发光和第二激发光的生物材料的照射包括间歇性照射、连续照射或其组合。
在其中目标荧光团是卟啉的实施方案中,第一激发光具有约405 nm的波长,而第二激发光具有约450 nm的波长。图2 (阴影区域)说明得自尿中卟啉的数据。特别是,图2A是从尿中自体荧光和卟啉二者引起的第一荧光发射光谱,和图2B是从仅仅自体荧光引起的第二荧光发射光谱。图2C是对应于仅仅卟啉的差示光谱。在图2说明的实施例中,用光漂白预处理尿以促进更好地区分卟啉与自体荧光。特别是,通过用波长约450 nm的第二激发光照射尿约3分钟进行光漂白预处理,这导致与未处理的尿比较的改进的区分尿的卟啉与自体荧光(图3)。图3显示来自新鲜获得的尿的荧光光谱(图3A)和尿的大约3-分钟光漂白暴露于约450 nm的光后获得的光谱(图3B)。
根据各个实施方案,所述方法包括从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像,和处理第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像,其中第一和第二激发光的相对强度在获得第一和第二荧光图像之前被调制。图4A-4D是对应于当尿是新鲜获得时和当尿已暴露于约450 nm的光约3分钟时获得的图3光谱的图像。图4E和4F是对应于从如结合各个实施方案描述的处理产生的仅仅卟啉的差示图像。
根据一个实施方案,在图像采集前调制相对强度包括鉴定第一和第二荧光发射中的波长区,其中波长区是由荧光团引起的发射存在于第一荧光发射中而不存在于第二荧光发射中的区域,选择波长区以外的波段,计算选择波段下的第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率,和调节第一和第二激发光的相对强度,以调节对应的第一荧光发射、第二荧光发射或二者,直至达到一个合适的计算比率。根据各个实施方案,波段包括波长。例如,在其中目标荧光团是卟啉的实施方案中,如在图2C或图3B中所示,其中由卟啉引起的发射的波长区存在于第一荧光发射中,而不存在于范围例如从约615 nm至约625 nm和从约660 nm至约700 nm的第二荧光发射中。因此,600 nm被选择作为波长区外的波段并用作计算在405 nm和450 nm的相对强度的比率,以确定是否需要调节相对强度的波段。在这个实施例中,调节相对强度直至达到在约1+/- 2%范围内的计算比率。在这个实施例中,通过将对应于第一荧光发射的曲线下面积值(即,由约405 nm激发产生的发射)除以对应于第二荧光发射的曲线下面积值(即,由在约450 nm激发产生的发射),计算在600 nm波段的比率。在各个实施方案中,可通过将在第一荧光发射的选择波段(例如,选择的波长)的强度除以在第二荧光发射的选择波段(例如,选择的波长)的强度计算比率。在各个实施方案中, 其它方法可用来计算比率。例如,在选择波段(例如,600 nm)下由在405 nm和450 nm的各自发射产生的光谱中的一个或多个强度点(并非面积)可被用于这样一种计算。
在各个实施方案中,处理包括从第一荧光图像减去第二荧光图像,以产生目标荧光团的无自体荧光的图像(例如,图4E和4F)。
根据各个实施方案的方法和系统可被用来原位检测荧光。图5和6中的实验数据说明实施例结果,其中卟啉被局部应用于受试者的皮肤。在这个实施例中,卟啉溶液通过将约0.1 mg粪卟啉酯(Sigma-Aldrich)溶于约10 mL二甲亚砜(DMSO, Sigma Aldrich)中来制备。使用棉签(Q-tip)将卟啉溶液施用于受试者前臂的小面积上。荧光成像系统用来获得特征为在约405 nm和约450 nm的卟啉吸收最大值的双重激发能力的数据。后者被选择作为主要卟啉吸收带外的最短的波长,且由于其诱导高水平的组织自体荧光的特性。为确保反射的激发光不干扰荧光图像,600 nm的带通滤波器(600 nm ± 5 nm)被放置在成像系统中的检测器前面,并调制在405 nm和450 nm的激发强度直至在450 nm的自体荧光与在405 nm的自体荧光的比率达到约1。图5A是当用405 nm光激发时,受试者前臂的体内荧光图像,显示来自前臂的自体荧光和卟啉荧光。图5B是在用450 nm光激发时,在如图5A的前臂相同区域的荧光图像。由于由450 nm激发诱导的自体荧光大于由405 nm激发诱导的自体荧光,调制在450 nm的激发光,产生与图5A的自体荧光水平类似水平的自体荧光。图5C说明根据一个实施方案除去自体荧光的卟啉的荧光图像。
图5A说明使用在405 nm的单一激发产生由卟啉荧光引起的局域优化(well-localized)荧光区。周围区域的高水平的背景由皮肤中存在几个内生荧光团引起(例如,黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)和脂质)。当用远离卟啉的吸收光谱的不同的激发波长(450 nm)激发相同区域时,也可观察到类似的自体荧光图案(图5B)。图5C显示根据本发明的方法处理后生成的图像,其中使用该方法成功地减弱了自体荧光。
图6A说明在600 nm调节激发强度后,在405 nm和450 nm的背景强度值,和在激发之间观察到背景值之间的低于约2%的差异。图6B说明从405 nm激发的荧光图像和根据一个实施方案除去背景后的信噪比(S/N比率)的比较。如与使用在405 nm的单一激发所比较的,S/N比率的增加可使用该方法实现(见图6B,其中示出了分别约28.5和约1.9的S/N比率)。
各种常规方法包括同时采集荧光图像,其中所有荧光种类被照射,且它们的荧光发射在相同的时间收集。然后获得的图像使用一个或多个包括光谱分解或背景减法的自体荧光去除模型处理。虽然各种常规方法已经提出用于除去自体荧光,例如光谱分解(线性分解)和数字背景减法以揭示差异,这样的方法依赖于处理采集后图像和对自体荧光的预表征光谱,需要校准,且易受基于目标荧光团的浓度的灵敏性变化的影响。虽然这些方法可能是成本有效的且适用于体外和体内成像二者,它们不能从荧光图像完全除去自体荧光组分,并进一步对仪器背景信号作出解释。在图像采集前的第一和第二激发光的相对强度的调制,如结合各个实施方案所述的,由于例如在引起自体荧光的生物材料中目标荧光团(例如,卟啉)和荧光团之间光漂白的不同速率,补偿发射随时间的相对变化。如果强度的调制在图像采集后数字化进行,如在现有技术中描述的,会降低处理两幅图像以推导目标荧光团的图像的准确性(例如,减法),特别是如果第一和第二荧光信号的幅度明显不同。现有技术光谱分解方法常常需要样品中自体荧光的量的现有知识,其可能不是常数。此外,生物材料的图像也可包括一定量的由采集系统本身贡献的噪音或背景。因此,与本发明形成对照,图像采集后的强度的标准化,如在现有技术中教导的,是较嘈杂的和信号品质有限的,特别是当目标荧光团具有与自体荧光信号(例如,在生物材料的低浓度组分中的内生荧光团或荧光团)比较的低水平信号时。而且,图像采集后目标荧光团的低水平信号的放大,如在现有技术中教导的,也放大仪器背景信号,其进一步负面影响信号品质。与现有技术方法不同,本发明促进对生物材料中荧光的变化的动态实时校正,因此能够实时表示生物材料的性质。
根据各个实施方案生成的数据表明,本发明的双重激发方法,如结合各个实施方案描述的,通过在采集荧光图像前以选择的波长调制自体荧光强度,促进在生物组织的荧光成像期间荧光背景信号的减少或减轻荧光背景信号。根据各个实施方案,光谱图像的采集通过定时激发和在一定时间从仅仅感兴趣的目标荧光团或背景收集光进行。这种激发和荧光收集的暂时分离使串话(cross-talk)减至最小。代替在相同激发源下收集发射信号,根据各个实施方案的本发明方法,通过第二激发波长(其不诱导来自感兴趣的目标荧光团的荧光),诱发等价背景水平,然后可以随后被减去,而不减少来自感兴趣的目标荧光团的荧光信号。
本发明方法可有利于荧光成像应用,其中组织自体荧光影响荧光成像。来自不同激发源的等价自体荧光信号的检测促进比单一荧光激发更准确的分子诊断。而且,根据各个实施方案的双重荧光成像方法比其它后处理分析技术更可靠和准确,因为感兴趣的荧光团的荧光强度不受数字除去背景或调制背景水平的影响。如根据一个实施方案收集的实验数据所说明的,该方法可用来通过利用荧光团例如卟啉的优先累积来鉴定体内的恶性组织。
根据本发明一个方面,提供提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的系统。该系统包含用于用第一激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料,以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射的装置,用于从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像的装置,用于在获得第一和第二荧光图像之前调制第一和第二激发光的相对强度的装置,和用于处理第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像的装置。
选择的涉及系统的方面已在上文结合本发明方法的各个实施方案进行了描述。参考图7,示出了用于提取生物材料14中目标荧光团15的图像的系统10的示例性实施方案。系统10包含用双重荧光激发光照射生物材料14的照射装置12 (例如,配置以照射生物材料的光源),用于获取从自体荧光和目标荧光团二者和从自体荧光单独产生的荧光图像的装置16(例如,配置以获得荧光图像的图像采集组件),和用于处理获得的荧光图像以提取仅表示目标荧光团的图像的装置18(例如,配置以处理获得的图像的处理器组件)。在各个实施方案中,用于照射的装置12包含例如示于图8的照射模块20。照射模块20包含操作配置为提供具有合适的强度和合适的波长的荧光激发的荧光激发源22,用于激发目标荧光团和引起自体荧光的荧光团。在一个实施方案中,荧光激发源22可以是具有双重激发能力的单一激发源,提供用于诱导从自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的发射的第一激发光,和用于诱导仅从自体荧光产生的发射的第二激发光。在另一个实施方案中,荧光激发源22可包含两个激发源(未示出),一个用于提供第一激发光和另一个用于提供第二激发光。在各个实施方案中,荧光激发源22包括,例如,激光二极管(其可包含,例如一个或多个光纤耦合二极管激光器)、一个或多个LED、弧光灯,或足够的强度和适当的波长的其它光源技术,用于提供第一和第二激发光。在各个实施方案中,来自荧光激发源22的第一和第二激发光可通过光学元件(即,一个或多个光学元件)投射,以成形和引导被用来照射生物样品的输出。成形的光学元件可例如由一个或多个透镜、光导和散光器组成。如在图8中说明的,从荧光激发源22的输出24通过一个或多个聚焦透镜26,然后通过均质化光管28,例如通常可从Newport Corporation, USA获得的光管。最后,光通过散光器30 (即,一个或多个散光器或衍射元件),例如也可从Newport Corporation, USA获得的磨砂玻璃散光器。荧光激发源22本身的电源由例如大电流激光驱动器例如可从Lumina Power Inc., USA获得的那些提供。在其中荧光激发源22是激光的实施方案中,激光可以在图像采集过程期间以脉冲模式操作。在该实施方案中,光学传感器例如固态光电二极管32被结合到照射模块20中,经由分散或缓解来自各个光学元件的反射,对由照射模块20产生的光照强度取样。
在备选的实施方案中,用于照射的装置12也可被配置以提供一个额外的功能例如白光照射。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的方法和系统还可包含获得代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像并使代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像与生物材料的白光图像合并。以这种方式,目标荧光团的位置可在生物材料的方面内被可视化。这在其中生物材料不能用人眼直接观察的情况下是有用的。
在各个实施方案中,图8中的照射模块20包含用于调制(未示出)来自荧光激发源22的第一和第二激发光的相对强度,使得允许调节强度的装置。这样的用于调制的装置可包括对光源的功率调制、光束被快门、光圈或斩波器的机械中断、光学、光机或电光转换、光束的过滤或阻断或类似的装置。
回顾图7,用于获取的装置16例如包含图9中所示的荧光发射采集模块30 (例如,相机模块),用于获得第一和第二荧光图像。如在图9中所示,收集来自生物材料中的目标荧光团的荧光发射42和来自引起自体荧光的其它荧光团的荧光发射或二者并使用各种光学元件,例如46a、46b、48和50的布置聚焦到图像传感器44上。由图像传感器44转导的光信号产生的电荷被荧光发射采集模块30中的适当读出和放大的电子器件转换为视频信号。
回顾图7,在各个实施方案中,用于处理的装置18 (例如,处理器组件)例如包含分析发射信号的处理器模块(未示出),进行从第一荧光图像减去第二荧光图像的计算,以将计算的信息输出到适当的显示和/或记录设备。在各个实施方案中,处理器模块包含任何计算机或计算装置例如平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式机或网络计算机。在各个实施方案中,处理器模块可具有保存数据(例如,图像序列)功能至有形的永久计算机可读介质(例如,内存、硬盘或闪存)的数据存储模块,以便能够记录和/或后处理获得的数据。在各个实施方案中,处理器模块可具有内置时钟以便能够控制各个元件并确保正确的照射和传感器快门的定时。在各个其它实施方案中,处理器模块也可提供用户输入和输出的图形显示。成像系统可任选地配置视频显示器(未示出)以显示图像,因为它们已被获取或在录制后回放,或进一步使在方法的各个阶段生成的数据可视化。在各个实施方案中,用于处理的装置与成像系统通信或是成像系统的部件。根据一个实施方案的成像系统的例子是内窥镜。
在操作中,且继续参考在图7-9中的实施方案,生物材料被定位在包含照射模块20的系统10的照射装置12的照射路径中,且使得例如照射模块20产生一个基本上跨越生物材料整个区域的基本均匀的照射区域。打开荧光激发源22 (例如,激光二极管)并启动图像传感器(例如,荧光发射采集模块30的图像传感器44)的快门序列。来自生物材料的荧光发射通过荧光发射采集模块30的前面成像光学器件(例如在图9中在选择的波段(例如,对于卟啉,选择的波长是约600 nm)的光学器件46a)收集,并计算相对强度的比率。如果计算的比率是合适的(例如,对于卟啉,合适的计算的比率是在约0.98-1.02的范围内),则获得第一和第二荧光图像。如果比率是不合适的,则调制第一和第二激发光的相对强度并重新计算比率直至达到合适的比率。然后对获得的第一和第二荧光图像作减法,以提取仅表示目标荧光团的第三荧光图像。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种具有其上插入的计算机-可执行(可读)程序代码装置的有形永久计算机可读介质,其包括一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的方法,其中生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段,该方法包括:
用第一激发光照射生物材料以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光和目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料以诱导由生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射;
从第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像;和
处理第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表目标荧光团的第三荧光图像,其中在获得第一和第二荧光图像之前,调制第一和第二激发光的相对强度。
本领域技术人员将了解,根据各个实施方案的程序代码装置可以任何合适的编程语言编写并以许多形式传递至处理器,包括例如但不限于永久存储在非可写存储介质(例如,只读存储设备例如ROM或CD-ROM光盘)的信息、可变存储在可写存储介质(例如,硬盘驱动器)的信息、通过通信介质传达至处理器的信息,例如局域网、公共网络例如互联网,或适合于存储电子指令的任何类型的介质。当携带可实施本发明方法的各个实施方案的计算机可读指令时,这样的计算机可读介质代表本发明的各个实施方案的实例。在各个实施方案中,有形永久计算机可读介质包括所有计算机可读介质,且本发明范围限于计算机可读介质,其中介质既是有形又是永久的。
在又一方面,提供包含如结合各个实施方案描述的系统和外生荧光团的试剂盒。
因此,本发明的各个实施方案促进感兴趣的荧光与自体荧光和感兴趣的荧光的未知组合的区分。本发明促进目标荧光团的图像品质的改进,保存信号荧光,同时消除自体荧光以及背景,并增加生成的信号与自体荧光的比率和检测的总灵敏性。本发明适应于各种生物材料,并可应用于任何荧光成像应用。本发明可被用来成像并分析生物样品以识别生物材料中的一个或多个荧光团目标的存在、不存在、浓度, 和/或空间分布。本发明可被进一步用作医疗评估或生物评估(例如,生物现象的评估)、诊断评估、治疗评估、生理评估,或其组合的补充工具。
虽然本发明已结合详细示出和描述的各个实施方案进行了说明和描述,但并不打算限于所示的细节,因为各种修改和结构变化可以不偏离本发明范围的任何方式进行。所说明的实施方案,以及本发明的其它实施方案的形式、组成布置、步骤、细节和操作次序的各种修改可以不背离本发明范围的任何方式进行,并在本领域技术人员参考了本说明书后将变得显而易见。因此考虑到所附权利要求将覆盖这样的修饰和实施方案,因为它们落入本发明的确切范围内。对于术语“例如”和“如”及其语法等同表述,应理解为遵循短语“且不限于”,除非另有明确陈述。如本文所用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数对象,除非上下文另外清楚地指明。

Claims (35)

1.一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的方法,其中所述生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段,所述方法包括:
用第一激发光照射所述生物材料以诱导由所述生物材料的自体荧光和所述目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射并用第二激发光照射所述生物材料以诱导仅由所述生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射;
从所述第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从所述第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像;和
处理所述第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表所述目标荧光团的第三荧光图像,
其中在获得所述第一和第二荧光图像之前,调制所述第一和第二激发光的相对强度,
其中所述相对强度的调制包括:
鉴定所述第一和第二荧光发射中的波长区,其中所述波长区是由荧光团引起的发射存在于所述第一荧光发射中而不存在于所述第二荧光发射中的区域;
选择波长区以外的波段;
计算在选择波段的第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率;和
调节所述第一和第二激发光的相对强度,以调节对应的第一荧光发射、第二荧光发射或二者,直至达到合适的计算的比率。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中波长区以外的波段包括在由第一和第二荧光发射产生的荧光光谱中的一个或多个波长。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中计算所述第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率包括将对应于所述第一荧光发射的曲线下面积值除以对应于所述第二荧光发射的曲线下面积值。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其中当所述目标荧光团是卟啉时,所述第一激发光具有约405 nm的波长,而所述第二激发光具有约450 nm的波长。
5.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述选择的波段是约600 nm和其中所述计算的比率是约1。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其中处理所述第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表所述目标荧光团的第三荧光图像包括从所述第一荧光图像减去所述第二荧光图像。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述生物材料由光漂白预处理。
8.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述目标荧光团是内生的、外生的或其组合。
9.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述内生荧光团是卟啉、卟啉前体、卟啉类似物、卟啉衍生物、卟啉缀合物、卟啉脂质体、卟啉纳米囊泡,或其组合。
10.权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述卟啉包括粪卟啉、尿卟啉、原卟啉,或其组合。
11.权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述外生荧光团是荧光染料、荧光诱导剂,或其组合。
12.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法在组织化学、细胞化学,或其组合中的用途。
13.一种提取生物材料中的目标荧光团的图像的系统,其中所述生物材料中目标荧光团发射的波段重叠自体荧光发射的波段,所述系统包含:
用第一激发光照射所述生物材料,以诱导由所述生物材料的自体荧光和所述目标荧光团的荧光二者产生的第一荧光发射,并用第二激发光照射生物材料,以诱导仅由所述生物材料的自体荧光产生的第二荧光发射的装置;
用于从所述第一荧光发射获得第一荧光图像和从所述第二荧光发射获得第二荧光图像的装置;
用于在采集所述第一和第二荧光图像之前调制所述第一和第二激发光的相对强度的装置;和
用于处理所述第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表所述目标荧光团的第三荧光图像的装置,
其中用于调制所述相对强度的装置包括:
用于鉴定所述第一和第二荧光发射中的波长区的装置,其中所述波长区是由荧光团引起的发射存在于所述第一荧光发射中而不存在于所述第二荧光发射中的区域;
用于选择波长区以外的波段的装置;
用于计算在选择波段的第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率的装置;和
用于调节所述第一和第二激发光的相对强度,以调节对应的第一荧光发射、第二荧光发射或二者,直至达到合适的计算的比率的装置。
14.权利要求13所述的系统,其中波长区以外的波段包括在由所述第一和第二荧光发射产生的荧光光谱中的一个或多个波长。
15.权利要求13所述的系统,其中用于计算所述第一和第二荧光发射的相对强度的比率的装置包括用于将对应于所述第一荧光发射的曲线下面积值除以对应于所述第二荧光发射的曲线下面积值的装置。
16.权利要求13所述的系统,其中当所述目标荧光团是卟啉时,所述第一激发光具有约405 nm的波长,而所述第二激发光具有约450 nm的波长。
17.权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述选择的波段是约600 nm和其中所述计算的比率是约1。
18.权利要求13所述的系统,其中用于处理所述第一和第二荧光图像以提取代表所述目标荧光团的第三荧光图像的装置包括用于从所述第一荧光图像减去所述第二荧光图像的装置。
19.权利要求13所述的系统,其中用于照射的装置包括包含荧光激发源的照射模块,所述荧光激发源操作配置以生成所述第一和第二激发光。
20.权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述照射模块还包括操作配置以成形和引导所述第一和第二激发光离开所述照射模块的光学元件。
21.权利要求20所述的系统,其中所述光学元件包括透镜、光导、散光器,或其组合。
22.权利要求13所述的系统,其中用于采集的装置包括荧光发射采集模块、包含图像传感器的荧光发射采集模块。
23.权利要求22所述的系统,其中所述荧光发射采集模块还包括布置在所述图像传感器前面,操作配置以捕获、过滤和引导所述第一和第二荧光发射的光学元件。
24.权利要求13所述的系统,其中用于处理的装置包括处理器模块。
25.权利要求24所述的系统,其中所述处理器模块操作配置以控制用于照射的装置的操作,以控制用于采集的装置的操作,或其组合。
26.权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述生物材料通过光漂白预处理。
27.权利要求13所述的系统,其中所述目标荧光团是内生的、外生的或其组合。
28.权利要求27所述的系统,其中所述内生荧光团是卟啉、卟啉前体、卟啉类似物、卟啉衍生物、卟啉缀合物、卟啉脂质体、卟啉纳米囊泡,或其组合。
29.权利要求28所述的系统,其中卟啉包括粪卟啉、尿卟啉、原卟啉,或其组合。
30.权利要求27所述的系统,其中所述外生荧光团是荧光染料、荧光诱导剂,或其组合。
31.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法、权利要求12所述的用途,或权利要求13-30中任一项所述的系统,其中所述生物材料包含生物组织或生物流体。
32.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法、权利要求12所述的用途,或权利要求13-30中任一项所述的系统,其中所述生物材料包含源于或位于哺乳动物中的器官、细胞、细胞系、细胞成分。
33.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法、权利要求12所述的用途,或权利要求13-30中任一项所述的系统,其中所述生物材料包括健康的、病变的或恶性组织。
34.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法、权利要求12所述的用途,或权利要求13-30中任一项所述的系统,其中所述生物材料包括用于组织化学、免疫组织化学、细胞化学、免疫印迹,或荧光相关的成像应用的组织切片。
35.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法、权利要求12所述的用途,或权利要求13-30中任一项所述的系统,其中所述生物材料包括用于免疫荧光的组织切片。
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