CN107029223A - 合成纳米载体联合疫苗 - Google Patents
合成纳米载体联合疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107029223A CN107029223A CN201611271087.1A CN201611271087A CN107029223A CN 107029223 A CN107029223 A CN 107029223A CN 201611271087 A CN201611271087 A CN 201611271087A CN 107029223 A CN107029223 A CN 107029223A
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Abstract
本发明涉及合成纳米载体联合疫苗。在此披露了多种剂型以及有关方法,这些剂型包括一个第一合成纳米载体群,这些纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第一抗原,一种或多种没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原、以及一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
Description
本申请是申请号为201180025485.4的中国专利申请的分案申请,原申请是2011年5月26日提交的PCT国际申请PCT/US2011/038218于2012年11月22日进入中国国家阶段的申请。
相关申请
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119要求2010年5月26日提交的美国临时申请61/348713、2010年5月26日提交的61/348717、2010年5月26日提交的61/348728以及2010年6月25日提交的61/358635的权益,各自的全部内容通过引用结合在此。
发明背景
为了儿童疫苗接种的数量减到最少和/或提供更广泛的针对一种特定病原体的不同株的免疫保护,往往需要在一个单一剂型中结合多种抗原,所生成的疫苗被称为多价疫苗。可以结合在一个单一剂型中的抗原的数量可能受到引出所希望的免疫应答所需要的每种抗原的量以及该抗原的水溶解度(aqueous solubility)的限制。
在某一点上,该剂型的总液体体积太大而不能舒适地和/或安全地通过肌内和/或皮下途径给予该疫苗。这个限制在以下情况下尤其引人注目:多价结合疫苗(例如PrevnarTM),其中每种不同寡糖抗原结合至一种蛋白载体(例如,具有7或13种结合至CRM197的寡糖抗原,CRM197是一种无毒的白喉毒素的突变体);或者其中这些抗原也结合至CRM197的四价脑膜炎球菌疫苗,或其他白喉毒素的脱毒形式。
现有的疫苗配制品的另一个限制是它们有限的覆盖范围或它们相互之间的物理不相容性,这排除了将二种现有的疫苗简单混合来产生一种新的联合疫苗的可能性。例如,疫苗可以由病毒样颗粒组成,这些病毒样颗粒包括一种或多种自组装或连接至自组装蛋白的抗原。实例包括CervarixTM和GardasilTM,它们是针对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的疫苗。这二种疫苗都靶向均作用于衍生自有限数量的HPV株的L1蛋白的抗原。这些疫苗不提供针对所有HPV株的保护。为了扩大这些疫苗的株系覆盖范围,令人希望的是能够混合另外的病毒抗原,这些病毒抗原与现有的疫苗配制品是相容的,从而提供更广泛的覆盖范围并且由此产生一种新的、扩展的多价疫苗。在某些情况下,由于在另外的常规生产的抗原与现有的疫苗之间的不良相互作用(可能导致沉淀、聚集等等),不太可能简单地将另外的常规生产的抗原混合到现有的疫苗中。
因此,所需要的是能够解决上面提到的与生产疫苗相关的问题的组合物和方法。
发明概述
在一个方面,在此提供了一种剂型,包括(1)一个第一合成纳米载体群,这些纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第一抗原,(2)一种或多种没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原,以及(3)一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在一个实施方案中,所提供的任何剂型进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的纳米载体上。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括在此所提供的任何佐剂。在一个实施方案中,该一种或多种佐剂包括嵌段共聚物、特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;I型干扰素类;聚肌胞苷酸(poly I:C);细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;或者包括CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种Toll样受体2、3、4、7、8或9的激动剂。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉或氧代腺嘌呤。在再另一个实施方案中,该咪唑并喹啉包括瑞喹莫德或咪喹莫特。
在另一个实施方案中,所提供的任何剂型进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂没有结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的纳米载体上。在一个实施方案中,该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括模式识别受体的刺激剂类或激动剂类、矿物盐类、明矾、与肠细菌(MPL)的单磷酰脂质(monphosphoryl lipid)A结合的明矾、(AS04)、AS15、皂苷类、QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM、MF59TM、ISA 51、ISA 720、AS02、脂质体类和脂质体配制品、AS01、合成的或特别制备的微粒和微载体、淋病奈瑟球菌(N.gonorrheae)或沙眼衣原体的源于细菌的外膜泡、壳聚糖颗粒、储存形成剂(depot-forming agent)、嵌段共聚物、特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;DC表面分子CD40的激动剂;I型干扰素类;聚肌胞苷酸(poly I:C);细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;包含CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子;从坏死细胞释放的促炎刺激物;尿酸盐结晶;活化的补体级联成分;活化的免疫复合物成分;补体受体激动剂类;细胞因子类;或者细胞因子受体激动剂类。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括明矾、AS01、AS02、AS04、AS15、MPL、QS-21、皂苷、或者包含CpG的免疫刺激核酸。
在提供的任何剂型的又另一个实施方案中,该该一种或多种第一抗原与该一种或多种第二抗原是相同的。
在一个另外的实施方案中,任何剂型进一步包括一个第二合成纳米载体群,这些纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第三抗原,其中这第一和第三抗原是不相同的。
在再另一个实施方案中,任何剂型的一种或多种第一抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种T细胞抗原。在一个实施方案中,该T细胞抗原是一种通用T细胞抗原或T辅助细胞抗原。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种通用T细胞抗原或T辅助细胞抗原。在又另一个实施方案中,该T辅助细胞抗原包括从卵清蛋白获得或衍生的一种肽。在再另一个实施方案中,从该从卵清蛋白获得或衍生的肽包括在SEQ ID NO:1中提出的一个序列。在任何剂型的一个实施方案中,该通用T细胞抗原或T辅助细胞抗原通过封装(encapsulation)而结合。在另一个实施方案中,任何剂型的一种或多种第二抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种T细胞抗原。
在一个实施方案中,所提供的任何剂型包括一种疫苗,该疫苗包括没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原。在另一个实施方案中,该疫苗包括一种半抗原-载体结合物、一种病毒样颗粒、一种合成纳米载体疫苗、一种亚单位蛋白疫苗、或者一种减毒病毒。在再另一个实施方案中,该疫苗是在此提供的任何疫苗。在又另一个实施方案中,该疫苗是针对在此提供的任何传染因子。在再另一个实施方案中,该疫苗是针对炭疽;白喉、破伤风和/或百日咳;B型流感嗜血杆菌;乙型肝炎;甲型肝炎;丙型肝炎;带状疱疹(单纯性);人乳头瘤病毒(HPV);流感;日本脑炎;蜱传脑炎;麻疹,腮腺炎和/或风疹;脑膜炎球菌病;肺炎球菌病;脊髓灰质炎(Polio);狂犬病;轮状病毒;伤寒;水痘;牛痘病(天花);或者黄热病。在一个另外的实施方案中,该疫苗包括BIOTHRAX、DAPTACEL、INFANRIX、TRIPEDIA、TRIHIBIT、KINRIX、PEDIARIX、PENTACEL、PEDVAXHIB、ACTHIB、HIBERIX、COMVAX、HAVRIX、VAQTA、ENGERIX-B、RECOMBIVAX HB、TWINRIX、ZOSTAVAX、GARDASIL、CERVARIX、FLUARIX、FLUVIRIN、FLUZONE、FLULAVAL、AFLURIA、AGRIFLU、FLUMIST、JE-VAX、IXIARO、M-M-R II、PROQUAD、MENOMUNE、MENACTRA、MENVEO、PNEUMOVAX 23、PREVNAR、PCV13、IPOL、IMOVAX RABIES、RABAVERT、ROTATEQ、ROTARIX、DECAVAC、BOOSTRIX、ADACEL、TYPHIM VI、VIVOTIF BERNA、VARIVAX、ACAM2000或YF-VAX。
在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从在此提供的任何传染因子获得或衍生的。在一个实施方案中,该传染因子是一种属于腺病毒科、细小RNA病毒科、疱疹病毒科、嗜肝病毒科、黄病毒科、逆转录病毒科、正粘病毒科、副粘病毒科、乳头状瘤病毒科、弹状病毒科、披膜病毒科或者细小病毒科(Paroviridae)的病毒。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下病毒获得或衍生的:腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、鼻病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)、人巨细胞病毒、人疱疹病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、黄热病毒、登革热病毒、西尼罗病毒、HIV、流感病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、狂犬病病毒、风疹病毒、人博卡病毒(bocarivus)或者细小病毒B19。在又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从一种细菌获得或衍生的,这种细菌属于博德特菌属、疏螺旋体属、布鲁杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、衣原体属和梭菌属、梭菌属、棒状杆菌属、肠球菌属、埃希氏菌属、弗朗西丝菌属、嗜血杆菌属、螺杆菌属、军团病杆菌属、钩端螺旋体属、利斯特菌属、分枝杆菌属、支原体属、奈瑟球菌属、假单胞菌属、立克次体属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、梅毒螺旋体属、弧菌属或者耶尔森菌属。在一个另外的实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下微生物获得或衍生的:百日咳博德特菌、伯氏疏螺旋体、流产布鲁杆菌、犬布氏杆菌、马尔他布鲁杆菌、猪布氏杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、肺炎衣原体、沙眼衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体、肉毒梭菌、难辨梭菌、产气荚膜梭菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、大肠杆菌、土拉热弗朗西丝菌、流感嗜血杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、嗜肺军团病杆菌、问号钩端螺旋体、单核细胞增生利斯特菌、麻风分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌、溃疡分枝杆菌、肺炎支原体、淋病奈瑟球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、立氏立克次体、伤寒沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、宋氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、苍白密螺旋体、霍乱弧菌或者鼠疫耶尔森菌。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从一种真菌获得或衍生的,该真菌属于念珠菌属、曲霉菌属、隐球菌属、组织胞浆菌属、肺孢子菌或者葡萄穗霉属。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下真菌获得或衍生的:白色念珠菌、烟曲霉菌、黄曲霉菌、新型隐球菌、罗伦隐球酵母、浅白隐球菌、格特隐球菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、耶氏肺孢子菌或者黑葡萄穗霉。
在又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在此提供的这些抗原或从在此提供的这些抗原获得或衍生的。在一个实施方案中,该抗原包括VI、VII、E1A、E3-19K、52K、VP1、表面抗原、3A蛋白、衣壳蛋白、核衣壳、表面突起、跨膜蛋白、UL6、UL18、UL35、UL38、UL19、早期抗原、衣壳抗原、Pp65、gB、p52、潜伏核抗原1、NS3、包膜蛋白、包膜蛋白E2结构域、gp120、p24、脂肽类Gag(17-35)、Gag(253-284)、Nef(66-97)、Nef(116-145)、Pol(325-355)、神经氨酸酶、核衣壳蛋白、基质蛋白、磷蛋白、融合蛋白、血凝素、血凝素-神经氨酸酶、糖蛋白、E6、E7、包膜脂蛋白或者非结构蛋白(NS)。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括以下各项或者是从以下各项获得或衍生的:百日咳毒素(PT)、丝状血凝素(FHA)、百日咳杆菌粘附素(PRN)、纤毛(FIM2/3)、VlsE;DbpA、OspA、Hia、PrpA、MltA、L7/L12、D15、0187、VirJ、Mdh、AfuA、L7/L12、外膜蛋白、LPS、A型抗原、B型抗原、C型抗原、D型抗原、E型抗原、FliC、FliD、Cwp84、α-毒素、θ-毒素、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)、丙酮酸:铁氧还蛋白还原酶(PFOR)、延伸因子-G(EF-G)、假定蛋白(HP)、T毒素、类毒素抗原、荚膜多糖、蛋白D、Mip、核蛋白(NP)、RD1、PE35、PPE68、EsxA、EsxB、RD9、EsxV、Hsp70、脂多糖、表面抗原、Sp1、Sp2、Sp3、甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶、外膜蛋白、伴侣-usher蛋白(chaperone-usher protein)、荚膜蛋白(F1)或者V蛋白。在又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括以下各项或者是从以下各项获得或衍生的:表面抗原、荚膜糖蛋白、Yps3P、Hsp60、主要表面蛋白、MsgC1、MsgC3、MsgC8、MsgC9或者SchS34。
在提供的任何剂型的一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质或者从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原包括人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白或者是从人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L2蛋白获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原包括人乳头瘤病毒的L2蛋白或者是从人乳头瘤病毒的L2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括乙型肝炎病毒的一种或多种蛋白质或者是从乙型肝炎病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)或者是从乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)获得或衍生的。在一个实施方案中,该HBsAg来自产生于酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)的菌株ayw。在另一个实施方案中,当该一种或多种第一抗原是从乙型肝炎病毒获得或衍生时,该一种或多种第二抗原包括人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质或者是从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。在一个另外的实施方案中,当该一种或多种第二抗原是从乙型肝炎病毒获得或衍生时,该一种或多种第一抗原包括人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质或者从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。在一个实施方案中,该人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质是人乳头瘤病毒的L1和/或L2蛋白。在提供的任何剂型的另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括流感病毒的一种或多种蛋白质或者是从流感病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。在一个实施方案中,该流感病毒是甲型流感病毒、H5N1禽流感病毒、或者H1N1甲型流感病毒。在提供的任何剂型的另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从H5N1禽流感病毒的血凝素获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的一个另外的实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原是从H5N1禽流感病毒的血凝素获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从被β-丙内酯灭活的甲型流感病毒H1N1获得或衍生的。在提供的任何剂型的又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原是从被β-丙内酯灭活的甲型流感病毒H1N1获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的。
在提供的任何剂型的一个实施方案中,该药学上可接受的赋形剂包括防腐剂、缓冲剂、盐水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、着色剂、或者稳定剂。
在提供的任何剂型的另一个实施方案中,这些第一合成纳米载体包括脂质基纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒、金属纳米颗粒、基于表面活性剂的乳剂类、树枝状聚合物、巴克球、纳米线、病毒样颗粒、基于肽或蛋白质的颗粒、脂质-聚合物纳米颗粒、球状纳米颗粒、立方形纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或者环形纳米颗粒。在一个实施方案中,这些第一合成纳米载体包括一种或多种聚合物。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种聚合物包含一种聚酯。在又另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种聚合物包括或者进一步包括一种结合到亲水聚合物上的聚酯。在再另一个实施方案中,该聚酯聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物、或者聚己内酯。在一个另外的实施方案中,该亲水聚合物包含一种聚醚。在又另一个实施方案中,该聚醚包括聚乙二醇。
在另一个方面,在此提供了一种包括给一位受试者施用任何剂型的方法。在一个实施方案中,该受试者患有感染或感染性疾病或具有患感染或感染性疾病的风险。在另一个实施方案中,该受试者患有癌症或具有患癌症的风险。
在提供的任何方法的一个实施方案中,通过口服、皮下、肺部、鼻内、真皮内或肌内给药施用该剂型。在又另一个方面,提供了在治疗或预防中使用的任何剂型。在再另一个方面,提供了在提供的任何方法中使用的任何剂型。在又另一个方面,提供了在治疗或预防癌症的方法中使用的任何剂型。在一个另外的方面,提供了在治疗或预防感染或者感染性疾病的方法中使用的任何剂型。在任何剂型的一个实施方案中,该方法包括通过口服、皮下、肺部、鼻内、真皮内或肌内给药施用该剂型。在再另一个方面,提供了任何剂型在用于在任何方法中使用的药剂的制造的用途。
图形简要说明
图1显示了在用NC-M2e以及来自H5N1禽流感病毒株(越南)的游离血凝素的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。
图2显示了在用NC-M2e以及与80μg明矾混合的、来自H5N1禽流感病毒株(越南)的游离血凝素的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。
图3显示了在用NC-M2e以及与80μg明矾混合的、β-丙内酯灭活的甲型流感病毒H1N1(H1N1 New Caledonia(新喀里多尼亚)/20/99/IVR 116)的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。
图4显示了在用NC-L2-肽以及与80μg明矾混合的、产生于酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的,HBsAg菌株ayw的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。
发明的详细说明
在详细地描述本发明之前,应当理解的是,本发明不受特殊例证的材料或工艺参数的限制,因为像这样的材料和工艺参数当然可以变化。还应当理解的是,在此使用的术语仅仅是出于描述本发明的特殊实施方案的目的,而不旨在限制使用替代性术语来描述本发明。
在此引用的所有出版物、专利以及专利申请,无论上文还是下文,都出于所有目的特此通过引用以其全部内容进行结合。
除非发明内容另外明确指出,如本说明书和所附的权利要求书中所使用的单数形式“一个/一种”“(a/an)”和“该”(“the”)包括复数指示物。例如,提及“一种聚合物”包括两种或更多种这样的分子的混合物,提及“一种溶剂”包括两种或更多种这样的溶剂的混合物,提及“一种粘合剂”包括两种或更多种这样的材料的混合物,等等。
引言
诸位发明人已经出乎意料并且令人惊讶地发现上文指出的问题和限制可以通过实践在此披露的发明来克服。尤其是,诸位发明人已经出乎意料地发现,提供包含这样一种剂型的组合物以及有关方法是可能的,该剂型包含具有一种或多种结合到其上的第一抗原的第一合成纳米载体群、一种或多种没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原、以及一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在多个实施方案中,这些合成纳米载体群可以与该一种或多种第二抗原结合(它们可以以各种各样的方式结合),以形成根据本发明的多种剂型。该一种或多种第二抗原可以提供为溶液形式、悬浮液形式、粉末形式等等。例如,在一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第二抗原可以以半抗原-载体蛋白或减毒活病毒疫苗配制品的形式提供,并且与半抗原-载体蛋白或减毒活病毒疫苗配制品混合的合成纳米载体群形成一种多价疫苗剂型(或者增加半抗原-载体蛋白或减毒活病毒疫苗配制品的效价)。在另一个实施方案中,该合成纳米载体群可以与取自感染性生物的蛋白质结合,以形成根据本发明的一种多价疫苗剂型。在另一个实施方案中,可以将该合成纳米载体群加到另一个包括该一种或多种第二抗原的合成纳米载体群中,以形成一种多价合成纳米载体疫苗剂型。在其他实施方案中,该合成纳米载体群可以与病毒样颗粒的形式的蛋白抗原结合,以形成根据本发明的一种多价疫苗剂型。在其他实施方案中,可以将该一种或多种第一和/或第二抗原以外的抗原结合到该剂型中(通过混合、以及其他在此所披露的或常规已知的技术)。
在一个实施方案中,可以将包含一种或多种第一抗原以及任选地一种通用T细胞抗原或T辅助抗原和/或一种佐剂的合成纳米载体加到一种或多种第二抗原中(例如,一种现有的疫苗),以产生一种具有扩大的抗原覆盖范围的联合疫苗。
例如,针对HPV进行保护的疫苗和包括对应地衍生自4和2组HPV株的主要结构蛋白L1蛋白的蛋白抗原表位。已知具有来自多达9个不同的HPV株的L1肽抗原的疫苗。这种具有多种肽抗原的疫苗将可能保护个体免受大部分,但不是所有HPV株感染。如果将包括一种或多种来自另一种HPV结构蛋白(L2)的肽表位的合成纳米载体的群加到一种现有的基于L1蛋白的疫苗中,将获得更广的抗HPV攻击的保护,具有产生“通用HPV疫苗”的潜力。可以简单地将这种水分散的L2肽合成纳米载体群混合到现有的液体疫苗配制品中,就像将赋形剂或稀释剂加到配制品中那样。这种用于扩大覆盖范围的广度的简单的方法避免了如常规那样将L2肽工程化成重组蛋白抗原的形式。这展示在以下实例1和2中,它们一起展示了一种含有由合成纳米载体增强的常规的联合HPV疫苗的形成,这些合成纳米载体包括衍生自L2蛋白的肽。
本发明的合成纳米载体联合疫苗的方法可以推广到包括其他对传染因子的各种株的保护不足100%的感染性疾病的预防性或治疗性疫苗。它还可以用于针对非传染性疾病靶标(例如癌症或小分子剂)的预防性或治疗性疫苗。在多个实施方案中,本发明的组合物提供了用于合成纳米载体与现有的“常规”疫苗的组合,这些疫苗可以很容易地配制,不受较高浓度的蛋白抗原的溶解度的限制。这可以降低多价疫苗的体积,并且使配制更容易。
实例3至6以及8至1l显示了本发明的不同的实施方案。实例3和4展示了一种由合成纳米载体增强的、常规的乙型肝炎疫苗的联合疫苗,这些合成纳米载体包括作为第一抗原的表面吸附的肝素。实例5和6展示了一种由合成纳米载体增强的、常规的抗轮状病毒疫苗的口服联合疫苗,这些合成纳米载体包括衍生自HPV的L2蛋白的肽。实例8和9展示了一种由合成纳米载体增强的、来自H5N1禽流感病毒株(越南)的游离血凝素的联合疫苗,这些合成纳米载体包括M2e、OP-II T辅助细胞肽以及R848,分别具有或不具有混人的佐剂。实例10展示了一种由合成纳米载体增强的、灭活的甲型流感病毒H1N1疫苗的联合疫苗,这些合成纳米载体包括M2e、OP-II T辅助细胞肽以及R848佐剂,具有混入的明矾。实例11展示了一种由合成纳米载体增强的、重组乙型肝炎表面抗原的组合,这些合成纳米载体包括L2肽、OP-II T辅助细胞肽以及R848,具有混入的明矾。在此还提供了在这些实例中例举的这些组合物连同将它们施用给受试者的方法。
现在,将在下面更详细地描述本发明。
定义
“佐剂”表示一种并不构成一种特异性抗原,但是增强针对联合给予的抗原的免疫应答的强度和寿命的试剂,该联合给予的抗原优选地是一种与该抗原一起存在于剂型中的抗原,更优选地是一种同时给予的抗原。这样的佐剂可以包括但不限于:模式识别受体(例如Toll样受体、RIG-1和NOD样受体(NLR))的刺激剂、矿物盐(例如明矾,与肠细菌(例如大肠杆菌、明尼苏达沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、或弗氏志贺菌)的单磷酰脂质(monphosphoryllipid,MPL)A结合的明矾或分别与(AS04)、以上提到的细菌MPLA特异性结合的明矾)、皂苷(如QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM)、乳液(如MF59TM、ISA 51和ISA 720)、AS02(QS21+角鲨烯+)AS15、脂质体和脂质体配制品(如AS01)、合成的或特别制备的微颗粒和微载体(如淋病奈瑟球菌(N.gonorrheae)、沙眼衣原体和其他细菌的源于细菌的外膜泡(OMV))、或壳聚糖颗粒、储存形成剂(depot-forming agent)(如嵌段共聚物)、特异性修饰或制备的肽(例如胞壁酰二肽)、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯(如RC529)、或蛋白质(如细菌类毒素或毒素片段)。
在多个实施方案中,佐剂包括针对模式识别受体(PRR)(包括但不限于Toll样受体(TLR),特别是TLR 2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合)的激动剂。在其他实施方案中,佐剂包含针对Toll样受体3的激动剂、针对Toll样受体7和8的激动剂、或针对Toll样受体9的激动剂;所述佐剂优选地包括咪唑并喹啉,例如R848(瑞喹莫德);腺嘌呤衍生物,例如美国专利6,329,381(住友制药株式会社(Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Company))、比戛迪克(Biggadike)等人的美国专利申请2010/0075995、或坎坡斯(Campos)等人的WO 2010/018132中所披露的那些;免疫刺激DNA;或免疫刺激RNA。在特定的实施方案中,合成纳米载体作为佐剂结合这样的化合物,这些化合物是针对toll样受体(TLR)7和8的激动剂(“TLR 7/8激动剂”)。其中有用的是托马伊(Tomai)等人的美国专利6,696,076中披露的TLR 7/8激动剂化合物,包括但不限于咪唑并喹啉胺、咪唑并吡啶胺、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺、以及1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺。优选的佐剂包括咪喹莫特和瑞喹莫德。在特定的实施方案中,佐剂可以是DC表面分子CD40的激动剂。在某些实施方案中,为了刺激免疫力而不是耐受,合成纳米载体结合了促进DC成熟(对于启动初始T细胞而言是需要的)以及细胞因子(如I型干扰素,它促进抗体免疫应答)的产生的佐剂。在多个实施方案中,佐剂还可以包括免疫刺激RNA分子(如但不限于dsRNA、或聚I:聚C12U(以获得,聚I:C与聚I:聚C12U两者都称为TLR3刺激剂)、和/或在海尔(F.Heil)等人,“经由Toll样受体7和8的单链RNA的种属特异性识别(Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor7and8)”《科学》(Science)303(5663),1526-1529(2004);福尔默(J.Vollmer)等人,“通过化学修饰的核糖核苷和寡核糖核苷酸进行的免疫调节(Immune modulation by chemicallymodified ribonucleosides and oligoribonucleotides)”WO 2008033432 A2;福尔斯巴赫(A.Forsbach)等人,“含有特异性序列基序并且靶向Toll样受体8通路的免疫刺激寡核糖核苷酸(Immunostimulatory oligoribonucleotides containing specific sequencemotif(s)and targeting the Toll-like receptor 8pathway”WO 2007062107 A2;乌尔曼(E.Uhlmann)等人,“具有增强的免疫疫刺激性活性的修饰的寡核糖核苷酸类似物(Modified oligoribonucleotide analogs with enhanced immunostimulatoryactivity)”美国专利申请公开US 2006241076;利甫福德(G.Lipford)等人,“免疫刺激性病毒性RNA寡核糖核苷酸和其用于治疗癌症和感染的用途(Immunostimulatory viral RNAoligonucleotides and use for treating cancer and infections)”WO 2005097993A2;G.Lipford(利甫福德)等人,“免疫刺激的含G,U的寡核糖核苷酸、组合物以及筛选方法(Immunostimulatory G,U-containing oligoribonucleotides,compositions,andscreening methods)”WO 2003086280 A2中披露的那些。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是TLR-4激动剂(例如细菌脂多糖(LPS)、VSV-G、和/或HMGB-1)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以包括TLR-5激动剂(如鞭毛蛋白、或它的一部分或衍生物),包括但不限于在美国专利6,130,082、6,585,980、和7,192,725中披露的那些。在特定的实施方案中,合成纳米载体结合了针对Toll样受体(TLR)-9的配体,如包含CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子,它诱导I型干扰素分泌,并且刺激T细胞和B细胞活化,导致增加的抗体产生和细胞毒性T细胞应答(Krieg(克雷格)等人,细菌DNA中的CpG基序触发直接的B细胞活化(CpG motifs in bacterial DNA triggerdirect B cell activation),《自然》(Nature)1995.374:546-549;朱(Chu)等人,CpG寡核苷酸充当佐剂来激活T辅助细胞1(Th1)免疫(CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act asadjuvants that switch on T helper 1(Th1)immunity),《实验医学杂志》(J.Exp.Med.)1997.186:1623-1631;林慕德(Lipford)等人,含有CpG的合成的寡核苷酸促进B和细胞毒性T细胞对蛋白抗原的应答(CpG-containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B andcytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen):一类新的疫苗佐剂,《欧洲免疫学杂志》(Eur.J.Immunol.)1997.27:2340-2344;罗曼(Roman)等人,免疫刺激DNA序列作为T辅助细胞1佐剂起作用(Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants)《自然医学》(Nat.Med.)1997.3:849-854;戴维斯(Davis)等人,CpGDNA在用重组乙型肝炎表面抗原免疫的小鼠中是一种有效的特异性免疫增强剂(CpG DNAis a potent enhancer of specific immunity in mice immunized with recombinanthepatitis B surface antigen)《免疫学杂志》(J.Immunol.)1998.160:870-876;林慕德(Lipford)等人,作为免疫细胞激活剂的细菌DNA(Bacterial DNA as immune cellactivator)《微生物学进展》(Trends Microbiol)1998.6:496-500;克雷格(Krieg)等人的美国专利6,207,646;塔克(Tuck)等人的美国专利7,223,398;凡奈斯特(Van Nest)等人的美国专利7,250,403;或克雷格(Krieg)等人的美国专利7,566,703。
在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是从坏死细胞释放的促炎刺激物(例如尿酸盐晶体)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是活化的补体级联成分(例如CD21、CD35,等)。在一些实施方案中,佐剂可以是活化的免疫复合物成分。这些佐剂还包括补体受体激动剂(如结合CD21或CD35的分子)。在一些实施方案中,补体受体激动剂诱导了合成纳米载体的内源补体调理作用。在一些实施方案中,佐剂是细胞因子,它们是由细胞释放的小的蛋白质或生物因子(在5kD-20kD的范围内),并且对细胞-细胞相互作用、通讯以及其他细胞的行为具有特殊作用。在一些实施方案中,该细胞因子受体激动剂是小分子、抗体、融合蛋白、或适体。
在多个实施方案中,至少一部分剂量的佐剂结合到合成纳米载体上,优选地,全部剂量的佐剂结合到合成纳米载体上。在其他实施方案中,至少一部分的该剂量的佐剂不结合到合成纳米载体上。在多个实施方案中,该剂量的佐剂包括两种或更多种类型的佐剂。例如,而不是限制,可以结合作用于不同受体(例如不同的TLR受体)的佐剂。作为一个实例,在一个实施方案中,TLR 7/8激动剂可以与TLR 9激动剂结合。在另一个实施方案中,TLR 7/8激动剂可以与TLR 4激动剂结合。在又另一个实施方案中,TLR 9激动剂可以与TLR 3激动剂结合。
“给予”或“给药”表示以一种药理学上有用的方式将一种剂型提供给一位受试者。
“有效量”是组合物的产生一种或多种所希望的免疫应答的任何量。这个量可以是针对体外或体内目的。针对体内目的,该量可以是临床医师将认为可以对需要免疫应答的受试者具有临床益处的量。因此,在多个实施方案中,有效量是健康从业者将认为可以针对在此提供的本发明的组合物的一种或多种抗原产生抗体应答的量。可以通过常规方法监测有效量。有效产生一种或多种所希望的免疫应答的量还可以是在此提供的组合物产生所希望的治疗终点或所希望的治疗结果的量。因此,在其他实施方案中,有效量是临床医师将认为可以对在此提供的受试者提供一种治疗益处(包括一种预防性益处)的量。这样的受试者包括患有癌症、感染或感染性疾病或具有患癌症、感染或感染性疾病的风险的那些。
有效量当然将取决于所治疗的特定受试者;病症、疾病或失调的严重程度;个体患者参数,包括年龄、身体状况、体型以及体重;治疗持续时间;同时治疗(如果有)的性质;具体的给药途径以及健康从业者的知识和专业知识之内的类似因素。这些因素为本领域普通技术人员所熟知,并且可以仅仅用常规实验法解决。通常优选的是使用“最大剂量”,即根据合理医学判断的最高安全剂量。然而,本领域的普通技术人员应当了解的是,由于医学原因、心理原因或事实上任何其他原因,患者可以坚持较低剂量或耐受剂量。在此提供的任何本发明的组合物的这种或这些抗原可以是有效量的。
“抗原”表示B细胞抗原或T细胞抗原。在多个实施方案中,抗原结合到合成纳米载体上。在其他实施方案中,抗原未结合到合成纳米载体上。在多个实施方案中,根据本发明的剂型包括一种或多种抗原,例如,一种或多种第一抗原、一种或多种第二抗原、一种或多种第三抗原、一种或多种第四抗原、以及一种或多种另外的抗原。在多个实施方案中,抗原与合成纳米载联合给予。在其他实施方案中,抗原未与合成纳米载体联合给予。“抗体类型”表示共享相同或大致相同的抗原特征的分子。
“至少一部分剂量”表示剂量的至少某部分,范围一直到包括全部该剂量。
“具有风险”的受试者是健康从业者认为有可能患有在此提供的一种疾病或病症的受试者,该疾病或病症包括但不限于感染、感染性疾病或癌症。
“B细胞抗原”表示被B细胞识别并且触发在B细胞中的免疫应答的任何抗原(例如被B细胞上的B细胞受体特异性识别的抗原)。在一些实施方案中,是T细胞抗原的抗原也是B细胞抗原。在其他实施方案中,T细胞抗原并不也是B细胞抗原。B细胞抗原包括但不限于:蛋白质、肽、小分子、以及碳水化合物。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括非蛋白抗原(即不是蛋白质或肽抗原)。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括与传染因子结合的碳水化合物。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括与传染因子结合的糖蛋白或糖肽。传染因子可以是细菌、病毒、真菌、原生动物、寄生虫或朊病毒。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括弱免疫原性抗原。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括滥用的物质或其一部分。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括成瘾物质或其一部分。成瘾物质包括但不限于尼古丁、麻醉药、镇咳剂、镇静剂(tranquilizer)、以及镇静药(sedative)。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括毒素,如来自化学武器或天然来源的毒素或一种污染物。B细胞抗原还可以包括有害环境因子。在一些实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括一种自身抗原。在其他实施方案中,B细胞抗原包括同种抗原、变应原、接触性致敏原、退行性疾病抗原、半抗原、感染性疾病抗原、癌抗原、特应性疾病抗原、自身免疫性疾病抗原、成瘾物质、异种抗原、或代谢性疾病酶或其酶产物。
“结合”(“Couple”)或“结合的”(“Coupled”)或“结合”(“Couples”)(等等)表示使一个实体(例如一个部分)与另一个实体在化学上结合。在一些实施方案中,结合是共价的,表示在两个实体之间的共价键存在的情况下发生结合。在非共价的实施方案中,通过非共价相互作用介导非共价结合,这些非共价相互作用包括但不限于:电荷相互作用、亲和相互作用、金属配位作用、物理吸附、主客体相互作用、疏水相互作用、TT堆积相互作用、氢键相互作用、范德华相互作用、磁相互作用、静电相互作用、偶极-偶极相互作用、和/或它们的组合。在多个实施方案中,封装是一种形式的结合。在多个实施方案中,合成纳米载体群具有一种或多种结合到它们上的抗原和/或佐剂,表示在群内的多个(优选地多数)合成纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的、彼此相似的抗原和/或佐剂。在其他实施方案中,本发明的剂型可以包括没有结合到合成纳米载体群之内的合成纳米载体上的抗原和/或佐剂。
“衍生”表示取自一个源并且经过实质性修饰。例如,具有与天然肽或核酸(优选天然共有肽或核酸)仅50%一致性的肽或核酸将被说成是衍生自天然肽或核酸。实质性修饰是显著影响所讨论物质的化学或免疫学特性的修饰。如果所述衍生的肽和核酸相比于天然肽或核酸具有改变的化学或免疫学特性,那么衍生的肽和核酸还可以包括具有与天然肽或核酸序列大于50%一致性的序列的那些。这些化学或免疫学特性包括亲水性、稳定性、亲和力、以及与载体(如合成纳米载体)结合的能力。
“剂型”表示在介质、载体、媒介物或适合于给予受试者的装置中的一种药理学和/或免疫活性材料。
“封装”表示用一种合成纳米载体包封,优选地用一种合成纳米载体完全包封。多数或所有封装的物质不暴露于合成纳米载体外的局部环境。封装不同于吸收,吸收是将一种物质的大部分或全部置于一种合成纳米载体的表面上,并且使该物质暴露于合成纳米载体外的局部环境。
“一致”表示一种物质与另一种物质共享一种或多种共同的化学和/或免疫学特性。例如,当二组抗原共享一种或多种共同的化学和/或免疫学特性时,一种或多种抗原与一种或多种其他抗原是一致的。当物质(例如抗原)未能满足相同的标准时,它们是不相同的。某些生物活性大分子可以被描述为相对于彼此具有百分比一致性,这是它们的序列的匹配的一个量度,正如本领域常规已知的那样。当它们彼此共享大于20%的一致性、优选大于30%的一致性、优选大于40%的一致性、优选大于50%的一致性、优选大于60%的一致性、优选大于70%的一致性、优选大于80%的一致性或优选大于90%的一致性时,这样的生物活性大分子是一致的。
“感染”或“感染性疾病”是由微生物、病原体或其他因子(如细菌、真菌、朊病毒或病毒)引起的任何病症或疾病。
“分离的核酸”表示一种从其天然环境分离出并且以足以允许其鉴定或使用的量存在的核酸。分离的核酸可以是(i)在体外通过例如聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增;(ii)通过克隆重组生产;(iii)如通过切割和凝胶分离进行纯化;或(iv)通过例如化学合成而合成的核酸。分离的核酸是通过本领域熟知的重组DNA技术容易地可操作的核酸。因此,包含在其中5′和3′限制性酶切位点是已知的载体中或者针对它的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)引物序列已经披露的核苷酸序列被认为是分离的,但是以其天然状态存在于它的天然宿主中的核酸序列不被认为是分离的。分离的核酸可以被基本上纯化,但是不必要被纯化。例如,在克隆或表达载体中分离的核酸不是纯的,因为在它所存在的细胞中,可能只包括很小百分比的物质。然而,作为在此使用的术语,这样的核酸是分离的,因为通过本领域的那些普通技术人员已知的标准技术,它是容易地可操作的。在此提供的任何核酸都可以是分离的。在一些实施方案中,在此提供的组合物中的抗原以分离的核酸的形式存在,例如编码一种抗原肽、多肽或蛋白质的分离的核酸。
“分离的肽、多肽或蛋白质”表示从其天然环境分离出的并且以足以允许其鉴定或使用的量存在的多肽(或肽或蛋白质)。这表示例如该多肽(或肽或蛋白质)可以被(i)通过表达克隆选择性地生产或(ii)如通过色谱法或电泳进行纯化。分离的肽、蛋白质或多肽可以是但不必要是基本上纯的。由于在药物制剂中分离的肽、多肽或蛋白质可以与药学上可接受的载体混合,按制剂的重量计该多肽(或肽或蛋白质)可能仅包括小的百分比。虽然如此,这种多肽(或肽或蛋白质)是分离的,因为它已经从在活系统中可能与其相关的物质中分离出来,即从其他蛋白质(或肽或多肽)中分离出来。在此提供的任何肽、多肽或蛋白质都可以是分离的。在一些实施方案中,在此提供的组合物中的抗原是肽、多肽或蛋白质。
“合成纳米载体的最大尺寸”表示沿着该合成纳米载体的任何轴测量的纳米载体的最大尺寸。“合成纳米载体的最小尺寸”表示沿这着该合成纳米载体的任何轴测量的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸。例如,对于球状(spheriodal)合成纳米载体,合成纳米载体的最大和最小尺寸将是基本相同的,并且是它的直径的大小。类似地,对于立方形合成纳米载体,合成纳米载体的最小尺寸将是它的高度、宽度或长度中最小的那个,而合成纳米载体的最大尺寸将是它的高度、宽度或长度中最大的那个。在一个实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸大于100nm。在一个实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸等于或小于5μm。优选地,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最小尺寸大于110nm、更优选大于120nm、更优选大于130nm、并且仍更优选大于150nm。本发明的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸与最小尺寸的纵横比可以取决于实施方案而变化。例如,合成纳米载体的最大尺寸与最小尺寸的纵横比可以从1∶1到1,000,000∶1、优选从1∶1到100,000∶1、更优选从1∶1到1000∶1、再优选从1∶1到100∶1、并且又更优选从1∶1到10∶1而变化。优选地,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%、优选至少80%、更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸等于或小于3μm、更优选等于或小于2μm、更优选等于或小于1μm、更优选等于或小于800nm、更优选等于或小于600nm、并且再更优选等于或小于500nm。在优选的实施方案中,基于样品中合成纳米载体的总数,样品中至少75%,优选至少80%,更优选至少90%的合成纳米载体的最大尺寸等于或大于100nm、更优选等于或大于120nm、更优选等于或大于130nm、更优选等于或大于140nm、并且仍更优选等于或大于150nm。通过将这些合成纳米载体悬浮在一种液体(通常是水性的)介质中,并且使用动态光散射(例如使用一台Brookhaven ZetaPALS仪器)获得合成纳米载体大小的测量值。
“获得”表示从一个来源获得而没有实质性修饰。实质性修饰是显著影响所讨论物质的化学或免疫学特性的修饰。例如,作为一个非限制性实例,具有与天然肽或核苷酸序列(优选天然共有肽或核苷酸序列)大于90%、优选地大于95%、优选地大于97%、优选地大于98%、优选地大于99%、优选地100%一致性的序列、以及并非显著不同于天然肽或核酸的化学和/或免疫学特性的肽或核酸将会被认为是从天然肽或核苷酸序列中获得的。这些化学或免疫学特性包括亲水性、稳定性、亲和力、以及与载体(如合成纳米载体)结合的能力。
“药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂”表示包含在该剂型中、但实质上没有对该剂型的主要药理活性作出贡献的物质。在多个实施方案中,这些物质是药理学上无活性的。在多个实施方案中,药学上可接受的载体包括防腐剂、缓冲剂、盐水、或磷酸盐缓冲盐水、着色剂,或稳定剂。药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂包括多种本领域已知的物质,包括但不限于:糖类(如葡萄糖、乳糖、以及类似物)、防腐剂(如抗微生物剂)、复原助剂、着色剂、盐水(如磷酸盐缓冲盐水)以及缓冲剂。
“群”表示共享一个或多个共同的物理或化学特征的合成纳米载体的一个定义组。共同的物理或化学特征可以包括具有共同的结合抗原,共同的结合佐剂、共同的构成大量纳米载体的材料、共同的形状、共同的粒径,等等。可以鉴定多个合成纳米载体群,例如第一群、第二群、第三群、第四群,等等。
“受试者”表示动物,包括温血哺乳动物,如人类和灵长类;禽类;家庭驯养动物或农场动物,如猫、狗、绵羊、山羊、牛、马以及猪;实验动物,如小鼠、大鼠以及豚鼠;鱼;爬行动物;动物园动物和野生动物;等等。
“合成纳米载体”表示未见于自然界中并且拥有至少一个小于或等于5微米大小的尺寸的离散物体。通常,白蛋白纳米颗粒被包括作为合成纳米载体,然而,在某些实施方案中,合成纳米载体不包含白蛋白纳米颗粒。在多个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体不包括壳聚糖。
合成纳米载体可以是但不限于一个或多个基于脂质的纳米颗粒(例如脂质体)(在此还称为脂质纳米颗粒,即构成其结构的大多数物质是脂质的纳米颗粒)、聚合物纳米颗粒、金属纳米颗粒、基于表面活性剂的乳液、树枝状聚合物、巴克球、纳米线、病毒样颗粒(即主要由病毒结构蛋白构成但不具有感染性或具有低感染性的颗粒)、基于肽或蛋白质的颗粒(在此也称为蛋白质颗粒,即构成其结构的大多数物质是肽或蛋白质的颗粒)(如白蛋白纳米颗粒)和/或使用纳米材料的组合产生的纳米颗粒(如脂质-聚合物纳米颗粒)。合成纳米载体可以具有多种不同的形状,包括但不限于球状、立方形、锥形、长方形、圆柱形、环形等等。根据本发明的合成纳米载体包括一个或多个表面,包括但不限于内表面(大致面向该合成纳米载体的内部部分的表面)以及外表面(大致面向该合成纳米载体的外部环境的表面)。可以适合用于实践本发明的示例性的合成纳米载体包括:(1)格里夫(Gref)等人的美国专利5,543,158中披露的生物可降解纳米颗粒,(2)萨尔兹曼(Saltzman)等人的已公开的美国专利申请20060002852的聚合物纳米颗粒,(3)德西蒙(DeSimone)等人的已公开的美国专利申请20090028910的用平版印刷法构建的纳米颗粒,(4)冯安德里安(von Andrian)等人的WO 2009/051837的披露,(5)Penades(佩纳德斯)等人的公开的美国专利申请2008/0145441中披露的纳米颗粒,(6)德洛斯里奥斯(de los Rios)等人的公开的美国专利申请20090226525中披露的蛋白质纳米颗粒,(7)西贝(Sebbel)等人的公开的美国专利申请20060222652中披露的病毒样颗粒,(8)巴赫曼(Bachmann)等人的公开的美国专利申请20060251677中披露的与核酸结合的病毒样颗粒,(9)WO2010047839A1或WO2009106999A2中披露的病毒样颗粒,或(10)保利赛利(P.Paolicelli)等人,“可以有效结合并且递送病毒样颗粒的表面修饰的基于PLGA的纳米颗粒(Surface-modified PLGA-based Nanoparticlesthat can Efficiently Associate and Deliver Virus-like Particles)”,《纳米医学》(Nanomedicine),5(6):843-853(2010)中披露的纳米沉淀的纳米颗粒。在多个实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以拥有大于1∶1、1∶1.2、1∶1.5、1∶2、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、或大于1∶10的长宽比。
根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于大约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,不包括具有使补体活化的羟基的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不是使补体活化的羟基的部分组成的表面。在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于大约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,不包括实质上使补体活化的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不实质上活化补体的部分组成的表面。在更优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的合成纳米载体具有等于或小于大约100nm、优选地等于或小于100nm的最小尺寸,不包括使补体活化的表面,或者可替代地包括基本由不使补体活化的部分组成的表面。在多个实施方案中,合成纳米载体排除病毒样颗粒。在多个实施方案中,当合成纳米载体包括病毒样颗粒时,病毒样颗粒包括非天然佐剂(表示VLP包含除了在VLP生产过程中所产生的天然发生的RNA以外的佐剂)。在实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以拥有大于1∶1、1∶1.2、1∶1.5、1∶2、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7、或大于1∶10的长宽比。
“T细胞抗原”表示通过T细胞中的免疫应答来识别的并且触发T细胞中的免疫应答的任何抗原(例如,经由呈递结合到I类或II类主要组织相容性复合体分子(MHC)上的、或者结合到CD1复合物上的抗原或它的一部分而被T细胞或NKT细胞上的T细胞受体特异性地识别的抗原)。在一些实施方案中,是T细胞抗原的抗原也是B细胞抗原。在其他实施方案中,T细胞抗原并不也是B细胞抗原。T细胞抗原通常是蛋白质或肽。T细胞抗原可以是刺激CD8+T细胞应答、CD4+T细胞应答、或两者的抗原。因此,在一些实施方案中,这些纳米载体可以有效刺激这两种类型的应答。
在一些实施方案中,T细胞抗原是‘通用’T细胞抗原或T细胞记忆抗原(即受试者对其具有先存在的记忆并且可以用来加强对无关抗原(例如无关B细胞抗原)的T细胞辅助的T细胞抗原)。通用T细胞抗原包括破伤风类毒素以及一种或多种衍生自破伤风类毒素、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein-Barr virus)或流感病毒的肽。通用T细胞抗原还包括流感病毒的组分,如血凝素、神经氨酸酶或核蛋白、或一种或多种从它们衍生的肽。在一些实施方案中,通用T细胞抗原不是存在于具有MHC分子的复合物中的抗原。在一些实施方案中,通用T细胞抗原不与用于呈递到T辅助细胞上的MHC分子复合。因此,在一些实施方案中,通用T细胞抗原不是T辅助细胞抗原。然而,在其他实施方案中,通用T细胞抗原是T辅助细胞抗原。
在多个实施方案中,T辅助细胞抗原可以包含一种或多种获自或衍生自以下物质的肽:破伤风类毒素、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、腺病毒、白喉类毒素或PADRE肽(从赛特(Sette)等人的美国专利7,202,351的工作中所知)。在其他实施方案中,T辅助细胞抗原可以包含卵清蛋白或从它获得或衍生的肽。优选地,卵清蛋白包含如登录号AAB59956、NP_990483.1、AAA48998或CAA2371中所提出的氨基酸序列。在其他实施方案中,获自或衍生自卵清蛋白的肽包含以下氨基酸序列:H-Ile-Ser-Gln-Ala-Val-His-Ala-Ala-His-Ala-Glu-Ile-Asn-Glu-Ala-Gly-Arg-OH(SEQ ID NO:1)。在其他实施方案中,T辅助细胞抗原可以包含一种或多种脂质、或糖脂类,包括但不限于:α-半乳糖苷神经酰胺(α-GalCer)、α-连接的鞘糖脂(来自鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、半乳糖苷二酰基甘油(来自伯氏疏螺旋体)、脂磷酸聚糖(来自杜氏利什曼原虫)以及磷脂酰肌醇四甘露糖苷(PIM4)(来自麻风分枝杆菌)。对于用作T辅助细胞抗原的另外的脂质和/或糖脂,参见塞兰德罗(V.Cerundolo)等人,Harnessing invariant NKT cells invaccination strategies,《自然免疫学评论》(Nature Rev Immun),9:28-38(2009)。
在多个实施方案中,CD4+T细胞抗原可以是获自一个来源(如天然来源)的CD4+T细胞抗原的衍生物。在这样的实施方案中,CD4+T细胞抗原序列(如结合MHC II的那些肽)可以与获自该来源的抗原具有至少70%、80%、90%或95%的一致性。在多个实施方案中,T细胞抗原、优选通用T细胞抗原或T辅助细胞抗原可以结合到合成纳米载体上或从合成纳米载体去结合。在一些实施方案中,通用T细胞抗原或T辅助细胞抗原封装在本发明的组合物的合成纳米载体中。
“疫苗”表示一种提高了对于特定的病原体或疾病的免疫应答的物质的组合物。疫苗典型地含有刺激受试者的免疫系统以识别特异性抗原为外来物质并且将它从受试者身体消除的因子。疫苗还建立免疫“记忆”因此该抗原将被迅速地被识别并且响应于是否一个人被再激发。疫苗可以是预防性的(例如防止未来被任何病原体感染)、或治疗性的(例如用于治疗癌症的针对肿瘤特异性抗原的疫苗)。在多个实施方案中,一种疫苗可以包含根据本发明的剂型。在其他实施方案中,本发明的剂型可以包含一种疫苗,该疫苗包含没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原。根据本发明的疫苗可以包含半抗原-载体结合物、病毒样颗粒、合成纳米载体疫苗、蛋白质亚单位疫苗、或者减毒病毒。在一些实施方案中,该疫苗包含在此所述的任何疫苗,包括可商购的疫苗。
发明组合物
根据本发明,可以使用各种各样的合成纳米载体。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是球体或球状体。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是扁平的或盘状的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是立方体或立方形的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是卵形或椭圆形的。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体是圆柱体、椎体、或锥体。
在一些实施方案中,希望使用一群在大小、形状、和/或构成方面较一致的合成纳米载体,这样每一个合成纳米载体具有相似特性。例如,基于合成纳米载体的总数,至少80%、至少90%、或至少95%的合成纳米载体可以具有落在合成纳米载体的平均直径或平均尺寸的5%、10%或20%之内的最小尺寸或最大尺寸。在一些实施方案中,一个合成纳米载体群就大小、形状、和/或构成而论可以是不均匀的。
合成纳米载体可以是实心的或空心的,并且可以包括一个或多个层。在一些实施方案中,每一层相对于其他一层或多层具有独特的构成和独特的特性。为了给出仅仅是一个实例,合成纳米载体可以具有一个核/壳结构,其中核是一层(例如一个聚合物核)并且壳是一个第二层(例如一个脂质双层或单层)。合成纳米载体可以包括多个不同的层。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以任选地包括一种或多种脂质。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种脂质体。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个脂质双层。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个脂质单层。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种胶束。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一个核,该核包括被一个脂质层(例如脂质双层、脂质单层等)围绕的聚合物基质。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括被一个脂质层(例如脂质双层、脂质单层,等等)围绕的非聚合物核(例如金属颗粒、量子点、陶瓷颗粒、骨颗粒、病毒颗粒、蛋白质、核酸、碳水化合物,等等)。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包括一种或多种聚合物或聚合物。在一些实施方案中,这样一种聚合物可以被涂层(例如脂质体、脂质单分子层、胶束、等等)围绕。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体的不同要素可以与该聚合物结合。
在一些实施方案中,一个免疫特征表面、靶向部分、抗原、佐剂和/或寡核苷酸可以与一种聚合物基质共价结合。在一些实施方案中,由一个连接物介导共价结合。在一些实施方案中,一个免疫特征表面、靶向部分、抗原、佐剂和/或寡核苷酸可以与一种聚合物基质非共价结合。例如,在一些实施方案中,一个免疫特征表面、靶向部分、抗原、佐剂和/或寡核苷酸可以被吸附在一种聚合物基质上、封装在一种聚合物基质之内、被一种聚合物基质围绕、和/或被分散遍及一种聚合物基质。可替代地或另外地,一个免疫特征表面、靶向部分、抗原、佐剂和/或寡核苷酸可以通过疏水性相互作用、电荷相互作用、范德华力等等与一种聚合物基质结合。
各种各样的聚合物以及用于由此形成聚合物基质的方法是常规已知的。通常,一种聚合物基质包括一种或多种聚合物。聚合物可以是天然的或非天然的(合成的)聚合物。聚合物可以是均聚物或包含两种或更多种单体的共聚物。就序列而言,共聚物可以是无规、嵌段的,或者包括无规序列和嵌段序列的组合。典型地,根据本发明的聚合物是有机聚合物。
适合用于本发明中的聚合物的实例包括,但不限于:聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯(例如聚(1,3-二噁烷-2酮))、聚酐(例如聚(癸二酸酐))、聚丙基延胡索酸酯(polypropylfumerate)、聚酰胺(例如聚己内酰胺)、聚缩醛、聚醚、聚酯(例如聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物、聚己内酯、多羟基酸(例如聚(β-羟基烷酸酯))、聚(原酸酯)、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚氨酯、聚磷腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚脲、聚苯乙烯、聚胺、聚赖氨酸、聚赖氨酸-PEG共聚物以及聚(乙烯亚胺)、聚(乙烯亚胺)-PEG共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,根据本发明的聚合物包括在21C.F.R.§177.2600下已经由美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准用于人的聚合物,包括但不限于聚酯(例如聚乳酸、聚(乳酸乙醇酸)共聚物、聚己内酯、聚戊内酯、聚(1,3-二噁烷-2酮));聚酐(例如聚(癸二酸酐));聚醚(例如聚乙二醇);聚氨酯;聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚丙烯酸酯;以及聚氰基丙烯酸酯。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是亲水的。例如,聚合物可以包括阴离子基团(例如磷酸基、硫酸基、羧酸基);阳离子基团(例如季胺基团);或极性基团(例如羟基、硫醇基、胺基)。在一些实施方案中,包括亲水的聚合物基质的合成纳米载体在合成纳米载体内产生亲水环境。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是疏水的。在一些实施方案中,包括疏水的聚合物基质的合成纳米载体在合成纳米载体内产生疏水环境。在合成纳米载体内,聚合物亲水性或疏水性的选择可以影响要合并(例如结合)材料的性质。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以用一个或多个部分和/或官能团修饰。根据本发明,可以使用多种部分或官能团。在一些实施方案中,可以用聚乙二醇(PEG)、用碳水化合物、和/或用衍生自多糖类的非环状聚缩醛来修饰聚合物(Papisov(巴比索夫),2001,ACSSymposium Series,786:301)。可以使用Gref(格里夫)等人的美国专利号5543158、或VonAndrian(冯 安德里安)等人的WO公开WO2009/051837中的全部传授内容进行某些实施方案。
在一些实施方案中,可以用脂质或脂肪酸基团修饰聚合物。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸基团可以是丁酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、或二十四烷酸中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸基团可以是棕榈油酸、油酸、异油酸、亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、鳕油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸或芥酸的一种或多种。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是聚酯,包括共聚物,这些共聚物包括乳酸和乙醇酸单元(例如聚(乳酸乙醇酸共聚物)和聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物),在此统称为“PLGA”,以及包括乙醇酸单元的均聚物,在此称为“PGA”,以及乳酸单元(例如聚-L-乳酸、聚-D-乳酸、聚-D,L-乳酸、聚-L-丙交酯、聚-D-丙交酯、以及聚-D,L-丙交酯),在此统称为“PLA”。在一些实施方案中,示例性的聚酯包括,例如多羟基酸;PEG共聚物和丙交酯与乙交酯的共聚物(例如PLA-PEG共聚物、PGA-PEG共聚物、PLGA-PEG共聚物),以及它们的衍生物)。在一些实施方案中,聚酯包括例如聚(己内酯)、聚(己内酯)-PEG共聚物、聚(L-丙交酯-L-赖氨酸)共聚物、聚(丝氨酸酯)、聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)、聚[α-(4-氨基丁基)-L-乙醇酸]、以及它们的衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是PLGA。PLGA是一种生物相容的并且生物可降解的乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚物,并且多种形式的PLGA特征在于乳酸∶乙醇酸的比率。乳酸可以是L-乳酸、D-乳酸、或D,L-乳酸。可以通过改变乳酸∶乙醇酸的比率调整PLGA的降解速率。在一些实施方案中,根据本发明,将使用的PLGA特征在于大约85∶15、大约75∶25、大约60∶40、大约50∶50、大约40∶60、大约25∶75、或者大约15∶85约的乳酸∶乙醇酸比率。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是一种或多种丙烯酸聚合物。在某些实施方案中,丙烯酸聚合物包括,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物、甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸氰基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、聚(丙烯酸)、聚(甲基丙烯酸)、甲基丙烯酸烷基酰胺共聚物、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(甲基丙烯酸酸酐)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸氨基烷基酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物、聚腈基丙烯酸酯、以及包括一种或多种以上聚合物的组合。该丙烯酸聚合物可以包括具有低含量的季铵基团的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的完全聚合共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是阳离子型聚合物。通常,阳离子型聚合物能够缩合和/或保护核酸(例如DNA、或它的衍生物)的带负电的链。含有胺的聚合物(例如聚(赖氨酸)(Zauner(泽纳)等人,1998,《先进药物递送综述》(Adv.Drug Del.Rev.),30:97;以及Kabanov(卡巴诺夫)等人,1995,《生物共轭化学》(Bioconjugate Chem.),6:7)、聚(亚乙基亚胺)(PEI;Boussif(波希夫)等人,1995,《美国科学院院报》,1995,92:7297)、以及聚(酰胺胺)树枝状聚合物(Kukowska(库科斯卡)-Latallo(拉塔罗)等人,1996,《美国科学院院报》,93:4897;Tang(唐)等人,1996,《生物共轭化学》,7:703;以及Haensler(亨斯勒)等人,1993,《生物共轭化学》,4:372)在生理pH下是带正电的,在多种细胞系中与核酸形成离子对,并且介导转染。。在多个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体可以不包含(或可以排除)阳离子聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是带有阳离子侧链的可降解聚酯(Putnam(普特南)等人,1999,《大分子》,32:3658;Barrera(巴雷拉)等人,1993,《美国化学会志》,115:11010;Kwon(权)等人,1989,《大分子》,22:3250;Lim(林)等人,1999,《美国化学会志》,121:5633;以及Zhou(周)等人,1990,《大分子》,23:3399)。这些聚合物的实例包括聚(L-丙交酯L-赖氨酸)(Barrera(巴雷拉)等人,1993,《美国化学会志》,115:11010)、聚(丝氨酸酯)(Zhou(周)等人,1990,《大分子》,23:3399)、聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)(Putnam(普特南)等人,1999,《大分子》,32:3658;以及Lim(林)等人,1999,《美国化学会志》,121:5633)、以及聚(4-羟基-L-脯氨酸酯)(Putnam(普特南)等人,1999,《大分子》,32:3658;以及Lim(林)等人,1999,《美国化学会志》,121:5633)。
这些和其他聚合物的特性以及用于制备它们的方法在本领域中是熟知的(参见,例如美国专利6,123,727;5,804,178;5,770,417;5,736,372;5,716,404;6,095,148;5,837,752;5,902,599;5,696,175;5,514,378;5,512,600;5,399,665;5,019,379;5,010,167;4,806,621;4,638,045;以及4,946,929;Wang(王)等人,2001,《美国化学会志》,123:9480;Lim(林)等人,2001,《美国化学会志》,123:2460;Langer(朗格尔),2000,《化学研究评述》,33:94;Langer(朗格尔),1999,《控释杂志》,62:7;以及Uhrich(乌利希)等人,1999,《化学评论》,99:3181)。更一般地说,在Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science andPolymeric Amines and Ammonium Salts,Goethals(戈萨尔斯)编辑,培格曼出版社,1980中;在Principles of Polymerization by Odian,约翰·威利父子出版公司,第四版,2004中;在Allcock(阿尔库克)等人的Contemporary Polymer Chemistry,Prentice-Hall,1981中;在Deming(德明)等人,1997,《自然》,390:386中;以及在美国专利6,506,577、6,632,922、6,686,446、以及6,818,732中说明了用于合成某些适合的聚合物的多种方法。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是线性聚合物或支化聚合物。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是树枝状聚合物。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是基本上彼此交联的。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以基本上不交联。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以根据本发明进行使用而不经历交联步骤。进一步理解的是,本发明的合成纳米载体可以包括嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、共混物、混合物、和/或任何以上及其他聚合物的加合物。本领域的那些技术人员将认识到,在此列出的聚合物代表根据本发明可以使用的聚合物的示例性的、而不是全面的清单。
在一些实施方案中,这些合成纳米载体可以包括一种或多种聚合物。因此,聚合物合成纳米载体还可以包括冯安德里安(Von Andrian)等人的WO公开WO 2009/051837中描述的聚合物合成纳米载体,包括但不限于具有一种或多种亲水性组分的那些。优选地,一种或多种聚合物包含聚酯,如聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物或聚己内酯。更优选地,一种或多种聚合物包含或另外包含结合到亲水聚合物(如聚醚)上的聚酯。在多个实施方案中,该聚醚包含聚乙二醇。再更优选地,一种或多种聚合物包含聚酯和结合到亲水聚合物(如聚醚)上的聚酯。在其他实施方案中,一种或多种聚合物被结合到一种或多种抗原和/或一种或多种佐剂上。在多个实施方案中,至少一些聚合物被结合到这种或这些抗原上,和/或至少一些聚合物被结合到这种或这些佐剂上。优选地,当存在一种以上的类型的聚合物时,一种类型的聚合物被结合到这种或这些抗原上。在多个实施方案中,一种其他类型的聚合物被结合到这种或这些佐剂上。例如,在多个实施方案中,当纳米载体包含聚酯和结合到亲水聚合物(如聚醚)上的聚酯时,该聚酯被结合到该佐剂上,而该结合到亲水聚合物(如聚醚)上的聚酯被结合到这种或这些抗原上。在多个实施方案中,在纳米载体包含辅助细胞抗原时,T细胞抗原可以封装在纳米载体中。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体不包含聚合组分。在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以包含金属颗粒、量子点、陶瓷颗粒等等。在一些实施方案中,非聚合物合成纳米载体是非聚合组分的聚集物,如金属原子(例如金原子)的聚集物。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以任选地包含一种或多种两亲实体。在一些实施方案中,两亲实体可以促进具有增加的稳定性、改进的均匀性或增加的粘性的合成纳米载体的产生。在一些实施方案中,两亲实体可以与脂质膜(例如脂质双层、脂质单层等)的内表面结合。本领域中已知的多种两亲实体适合于在制造根据本发明的合成纳米载体中使用。这样的两亲实体包括,但不限于,磷酸甘油酯;磷脂酰胆碱;二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC);二油烯基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE);二油烯基氧丙基三乙基铵(DOTMA);二油酰磷脂酰胆碱;胆固醇;胆固醇酯;二酰基甘油;二酰基甘油琥珀酸酯;双磷脂酰甘油(DPPG);十六醇;脂肪醇(例如聚乙二醇(PEG));聚氧乙烯-9-月桂醚;表面活性脂肪酸(例如棕榈酸或油酸);脂肪酸;脂肪酸甘油单酯;脂肪酸甘油二酯;脂肪酸酰胺;脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯甘胆酸盐;脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯聚山梨醇酯20聚山梨醇酯60聚山梨醇酯65聚山梨醇酯80聚山梨醇酯85聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯;表面活性素;泊洛沙姆;脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯(例如脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯);卵磷脂;溶血卵磷脂;磷脂酰丝氨酸;磷脂酰肌醇;鞘磷脂;磷脂酰乙醇胺(脑磷脂);心磷脂;磷脂酸;脑苷脂;双十六烷基磷酸酯;二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油;硬脂酰胺;十二胺;十六胺;乙酰基棕榈酸酯(acetylpalmitate);蓖麻油酸甘油酯;十八烷酸十六烷基酯;肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;四丁酚醛(tyloxapol);聚(乙二醇)5000磷脂酰乙醇胺;聚(乙二醇)400-单硬脂酸酯;磷脂;具有高表面活性剂特性的合成的和/或天然的洗涤剂;脱氧胆酸酯;环糊精;离液序列高的盐;离子对试剂;以及它们的组合。两亲实体组分可以是不同两亲实体的混合物。本领域普通技术人员应认识到这是具有表面活性剂活性的物质的示例性的非详尽清单。任何两亲实体都可以在根据本发明使用的合成纳米载体的产生中使用。
在一些实施方案中,合成纳米载体可以任选地包含一种或多种碳水化合物。碳水化合物可以是天然的或合成的。碳水化合物可以是衍生的天然碳水化合物。在某些实施方案中,碳水化合物包括单糖或二糖,包括但不限于:葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、核糖、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、海藻糖、纤维二糖(cellbiose)、甘露糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸(galactoronic acid)、甘露糖醛酸、葡糖胺、半乳糖胺、以及神经氨酸。在某些实施方案中,碳水化合物是一种多糖,包括但不限于普鲁兰糖、纤维素、微晶纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟基纤维素(HC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、右旋糖酐、环糊精(cyclodextran)、糖原、淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、角叉菜胶、聚糖(glycon)、直链淀粉、壳聚糖、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖、藻胶和海藻酸、淀粉、甲壳质、肝素、菊糖、魔芋、葡萄甘露聚糖(glucommannan)、石耳素、肝素、透明质酸、凝胶多糖、以及黄原胶。在多个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体不包含(或确切地说排除)碳水化合物,如多糖。在某些实施方案中,碳水化合物可以包含碳水化合物衍生物,如糖醇,包括但不限于甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、赤藻糖醇、麦芽糖醇以及乳糖醇。
根据本发明的组合物包含本发明的合成纳米载体以及药物学上可接受的赋形剂,如防腐剂、缓冲剂、盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水。可以使用常规的药物制造和配合技术制造这些组合物,以获得有用的剂型。典型的本发明的组合物可以包括无机或有机缓冲剂(例如磷酸、碳酸、乙酸、或柠檬酸的钠盐或钾盐)和pH调节剂(例如盐酸、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾、柠檬酸或乙酸的盐、氨基酸和它们的盐)、抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸、α-生育酚)、表面活性剂(例如聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯80、聚氧乙烯9-10壬基酚、去氧胆酸钠)、溶液和/或低温/冻干稳定剂(例如蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、海藻糖)、渗透调节剂(例如盐类或糖类)、抗细菌剂(例如苯甲酸、苯酚、庆大霉素)、消泡剂(例如聚二甲基硅酮(polydimethylsilozone))、防腐剂(例如硫柳汞、2-苯氧乙醇、EDTA)、聚合物稳定剂和粘度调节剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯酮、泊洛沙姆488、羧甲基纤维素)、以及共溶剂(例如甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇)。在一个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体与防腐剂一起悬浮在的注射用无菌盐水溶液中。
在多个实施方案中,当制备合成纳米载体作为疫苗中使用的抗原或佐剂的载体时,用于将抗原或佐剂结合到合成纳米载体上的方法可能是有用的。当抗原或佐剂是一种小分子时,则有利的是在组装该合成纳米载体之前将抗原或佐剂附接到一种聚合物上。在多个实施方案中,在合成纳米载体的构建中,可能还有利的是制备具有表面基团的合成纳米载体,这些载体用于通过使用这些表面基团将抗原或佐剂结合到该合成纳米载体上而不是将抗原或佐剂附接到一种聚合物上并且然后使用这种聚合物结合物。
在某些实施方案中,该结合可以是一种共价连接物。在多个实施方案中,根据本发明的肽可以通过1,2,3-三唑连接物共价地结合到该外表面上,该连接物通过该纳米载体的表面上的叠氮基与含炔基团的抗原或佐剂的1,3-偶极环化加成反应或通过该纳米载体的表面上的炔与含叠氮基团的抗原或佐剂的1,3-偶极环化加成反应而形成。这样的环化加成反应优选在铜(I)催化剂以及适合的Cu(I)-配体和将Cu(II)化合物还原成催化活性的Cu(I)化合物的还原剂的存在下进行。这种Cu(I)催化的叠氮-炔环加成(CuAAC)也可以称为点击反应(click reaction)。
另外,共价结合可以包含共价连接物,它包含酰胺连接物、二硫基连接物、硫醚连接物、腙连接物、酰肼连接物、亚胺或肟连接物、脲或硫脲连接物、脒连接物、胺连接物以及磺酰胺连接物。
一种酰胺连接物通过在一个组分(例如抗原或佐剂)上的胺与一个第二组分(例如该纳米载体)的羧酸基团之间的酰胺键而形成。可以使用任何常规的形成酰胺键的反应用适当保护的氨基酸或抗原或佐剂以及活化的羧酸(例如,N-羟基丁二酰亚胺活化的酯)产生该连接物中的酰胺键。
通过在例如R1-S-S-R2形式的两个硫原子之间形成二硫键(S-S)产生二硫键连接物。可以通过含硫醇/巯基(-SH)的抗原或佐剂与聚合物或纳米载体上的另一个活化的硫醇基或通过含硫醇/巯基的纳米载体与含活化的硫醇基团的抗原或佐剂的硫醇基交换而形成二硫键。
三唑连接物,具体地可以是具有形式的1,2,3-三唑,其中R1和R2可以是任何化学实体,通过附接在第一组分(例如纳米载体)上的叠氮化物与附接在第二组分(例如肽)上的末端炔的1,3-偶极环化加成反应而制成。使用或不使用一种催化剂进行该1,3-偶极环化加成反应,优选地使用Cu(I)-催化剂,该催化剂将这两个组分通过1,2,3-三唑官能团连接。由Sharpless(夏普莱斯)等人,在《应用化学》(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.),41(14),2596,(2002)和Meldal等人,在《化学综述》(Chem.Rev.),2008,108(8),2952-3015中详细说明了这一化学作用,并且这通常被称为“点击”反应或CuAAC。
在多个实施方案中,制备了在该聚合物链末端含有叠氮基或炔基的一种聚合物。这个聚合物然后用于制备一种合成纳米载体,其方式为将多个炔基或叠氮基定位到该纳米载体的表面上。可替代地,该合成纳米载体可以通过另一个途径制备,并且随后使用炔基或叠氮基官能化。在炔基(如果该聚合物含有叠氮化物)或叠氮基(如果该聚合物含有炔)的存在下制备该抗原或佐剂。然后使用或不使用一种催化剂允许该抗原或佐剂通过偶极1,3-环化加成反应与纳米载体进行反应,该催化剂通过1,4-二取代的1,2,3-三唑连接物将该抗原或佐剂共价结合到该颗粒上。
通过形成例如R1-S-R2形式的硫-碳(硫醚)键形成硫醚连接物。硫醚键也可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的硫醇/巯基(-SH)基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的烷基化基团(例如叠氮化物或环氧化物)的烷化作用制造。还可以通过一种组分(例如抗原或佐剂)上的硫醇/巯基的基团到一种第二组分(例如含有马来酰亚胺基团或乙烯砜基团的聚合物)上的缺电子烯基团(作为迈克尔受体)的迈克尔加成来形成硫醚连接物。以另一种方式,可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的硫醇/巯基基团与一个第二组分(例如聚合物或纳米载体)上的烯基团的激进的硫醇-烯反应(radical thiol-ene reaction)来制备硫醚连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的酰肼基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的醛/酮化学基团的反应来制造腙连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的酰肼基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的羧酸基团的反应来形成酰肼连接物。通常使用与形成酰氨键相似的化学作用来进行这样的反应,其中羧酸用一种活化试剂活化。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺或N-烷氧基胺(或胺氧基)基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的醛或酮基团的反应来形成亚胺或肟连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的异氰酸酯或硫代异氰酸酯基团的反应来制备脲或硫脲连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的亚胺酸酯基团的反应来制备脒连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的烷基化基团(例如卤化物、环氧化物或磺酸酯基团)的烷化反应来制造胺连接物。可替代地,还可以用一种适当的还原剂(例如,氰基硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠)通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的醛或酮基团的还原胺化来制造胺连接物。
可以通过一个组分(例如该抗原或佐剂)上的胺基团与一个第二组分(例如纳米载体)上的磺酰卤化物(例如磺酰氯)基团的反应来制造磺酰胺连接物。
通过一种亲核体到乙烯基砜上的迈克尔加成来制造砜连接物。乙烯基砜或亲核体可以在该纳米颗粒的表面上或附接到该抗原或佐剂上。
该抗原或佐剂还可以通过非共价结合方法而结合到该纳米载体上。例如,带负电荷的抗原或佐剂可以通过静电吸附而结合到带正电荷的纳米载体上。含金属配体的抗原或佐剂还可以通过金属-配体络合物而结合到含金属络合物的纳米载体上。
在多个实施方案中,抗原或佐剂可以在组装合成纳米载体之前附接到聚合物(例如聚乳酸聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物)上,或者该合成纳米载体在它的表面上可以形成有反应性或可活化基团。在后一情况下,可以制备抗原或佐剂以使其具有与由合成纳米载体的表面呈现的连接化学(attachment chemistry)相容的基团。在其他实施方案中,可以使用适合的连接物将肽抗原连接到VLP或脂质体上。连接物是能够将两个分子结合在一起的化合物或试剂。在一个实施方案中,连接物可以是同双功能或异双功能试剂,如在海尔曼森(Hermanson)2008中所述。例如,可以在EDC存在下用同双功能连接物己二酸二酰肼(ADH)处理表面上包含羧基的VLP或脂质体合成纳米载体,从而形成具有ADH连接物的相应的合成纳米载体。然后使得到的ADH连接的合成纳米载体经由NC上的ADH连接物的另一端与包含酸基的肽抗原结合,从而产生相应的VLP或脂质体肽缀合物(liposome peptide conjugate)。
关于可供使用的结合方法的详细说明,参见Hermanson(赫曼森)G T,“Bioconjugate Techniques”,第二版,由学术出版社(Academic Press)出版,2008。除了共价连接以外,可以通过吸附将抗原或佐剂结合到预先形成的合成纳米载体上或者它可以通过在形成该合成纳米载体的过程中进行封装而结合。
制造和使用本发明的剂型和有关方法
可以使用本领域已知的多种多样的方法来制备合成纳米载体。例如,合成纳米载体可以由如以下的方法形成:纳米沉淀、使用流体通道的流动聚焦、喷雾干燥、单一和双重乳液溶剂蒸发、溶剂萃取、相分离、研磨、微乳液工序、微制造、纳米制造、牺牲层、单凝聚和复凝聚、以及本领域的普通技术人员熟知的其他方法。可替代地或另外地,已经描述了单分散半导体、传导性、磁性、有机以及其他纳米材料的水性和有机溶剂合成(普莱伊亚诺(Pellegrino)等人,2005,《微小》(Small),1:48;默瑞(Murray)等人,2000,《材料科学评论年报》(Ann.Rev.Mat.Sci.),30:545;以及特林达迪(Trindade)等人,2001,《化学材料》(Chem.Mat.),13:3843)。文献中已经描述了另外的方法(参见例如达保罗(Doubrow)编,“医学和药学中的微胶囊和纳米粒子(Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine andPharmacy),”CRC出版社,博卡拉顿(Boca Raton),1992;马西威兹(Mathiowitz)等人,1987,《控释杂志》(J.Control.Release),5:13;马西威兹等人,1987,《反应性聚合物》(ReactivePolymers),6:275;以及马西威兹等人,1988,《应用聚合物科学杂志》(J.Appl.PolymerSci.),35:755,并且参看美国专利5578325和6007845;保利赛利等人,“可以高效结合并且递送病毒样颗粒的表面修饰的基于PLGA的纳米颗粒(Surface-modified PLGA-basedNanoparticles that can Efficiently Associate and Deliver Virus-likeParticles)”《纳米医学》(Nanomedicine).5(6):843-853(2010))
可以如所希望地使用多种方法将不同的材料封装于合成纳米载体中,这些方法包括但不限于阿斯特提(C.Astete)等人,“PLGA纳米颗粒的合成和表征(Synthesis andcharacterization of PLGA nanoparticles)”《生物材料杂志聚合物辑》(J.Biomater.Sci.Polymer Edn),第17卷,第3期,第247-289页(2006);阿沟司达奇斯(K.Avgoustakis)“聚乙二醇化聚(丙交酯)与聚(丙交酯乙交酯)共聚物纳米颗粒:制备、特性以及在药物递送中的可能的应用(Pegylated Poly(Lactide)and Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)Nanoparticles:Preparation,Properties and Possible Applications inDrug Delivery)”《当代药物传输》(Current Drug Delivery)1:321-333(2004);瑞斯(C.Reis)等人,“纳米封装I.用于制备药物负载的聚合物纳米颗粒的方法(Nanoencapsulation I.Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymericnanoparticles)”《纳米医学》2:8-21(2006);保利赛利等人,“可以高效结合并且递送病毒样颗粒的表面修饰的基于PLGA的纳米颗粒”《纳米医学》.5(6):843-853(2010)。可以使用适合用于将物质(例如寡核苷酸)封装在合成纳米载体中的其他方法,包括但不限于在安格(Unger)的美国专利6,632,671(2003年10月14日)中披露的方法。
在某些实施方案中,通过纳米沉淀方法或喷雾干燥来制备合成纳米载体。可以改变在制备合成纳米载体中使用的条件来产生具有所希望的大小或特性(例如疏水性、亲水性、外部形态学、“粘性”、形状,等等)的颗粒。制备合成纳米载体的方法和使用的条件(例如溶剂、温度、浓度、空气流速等)可以取决于有待结合到合成纳米载体上的物质和/或该聚合物基质的构成。
如果通过任何以上方法制备的颗粒具有在所希望的范围以外的大小的范围,则可以例如使用一个筛来确定这些颗粒的大小。
本发明的合成纳米载体的要素(如构成免疫特征表面的部分、靶向部分、聚合物基质、抗原、佐剂等等),可以例如通过一个或多个共价键结合到整个合成纳米载体上或可以借助一个或多个连接物结合。使合成纳米载体功能化的另外的方法可以由以下文献改编而来:萨尔茨曼(Saltzman)等人的公开的美国专利申请2006/0002852、德西蒙(DeSimone)等人的公开的美国专利申请2009/0028910、或默蒂(Murthy)等人的公开的国际专利申请案WO/2008/127532 A1。
可替代地或另外地,合成纳米载体可以直接或间接地经由非共价相互作用结合到免疫特征表面、靶向部分、佐剂、不同的抗原、和/或其他要素上。在非共价的实施方案中,通过非共价相互作用介导非共价结合,这些非共价相互作用包括但不限于:电荷相互作用、亲和相互作用、金属配位作用、物理吸附、主-客体相互作用、疏水相互作用、TT堆积相互作用、氢键相互作用、范德华相互作用、磁相互作用、静电相互作用、偶极-偶极相互作用、和/或它们的组合。这样的结合可以安排在一种本发明的合成纳米载体的一个外表面或一个内表面上。在多个实施方案中,封装和/或吸收是结合的一种形式。
多种多样的一种或多种第二抗原(或者没有结合到合成纳米载体群上的另外的抗原)可以被结合到剂型中,并且可以以多种多样的方式结合。适合用于本发明的一种或多种第二抗原(或者没有结合到合成纳米载体群上的另外的抗原)的类型已经在本文别处进行了论述。
存在着多种多样的将一种或多种第一或更多的第二抗原(或者没有结合到合成纳米载体的群上的另外的抗原)结合到本发明的剂型中的方式。在一个实施方案中,可以将一种或多种第二抗原与合成纳米载体群一起混合到该剂型中。例如,在一个实施方案中,包括一种或多种第二抗原的疫苗可以与合成纳米载体群混合,以形成本发明的剂型。在多个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体可以以多种多样的方式与一种或多种第一抗原一起结合到本发明的剂型中,该一种或多种第一抗原与该一种或多种第二抗原不同、相似或相同,包括但不限于:有或没有佐剂,利用或不利用另一种递送媒介物,在不同的时间点和/或在不同的身体位置和/或通过不同的免疫途径分开地给予。
在多个实施方案中,合成纳米载体群可以与一种或多种第二抗原(它们可以以各种各样的方式结合)组合,以形成根据本发明的剂型。该一种或多种第二抗原可以提供为溶液形式、悬浮液形式、粉末形式等等,并且可以提供为疫苗配制品。例如,一种或多种第二抗原可以提供为半抗原-载体蛋白、寡糖、寡糖复合物、寡糖-载体蛋白融合物、活的减毒的、或重组病毒疫苗配制品的形式,并且该合成纳米载体群与半抗原-载体蛋白、寡糖、寡糖复合物、寡糖-载体蛋白融合物、活的减毒的、或重组病毒疫苗配制品混合,以形成一种多价疫苗剂型(或增加半抗原-载体蛋白或减毒活病毒疫苗配制品的效价)。在多个实施方案中,一种或多种第二抗原可以包含在一种疫苗中,该疫苗针对炭疽;白喉、破伤风和/或百日咳;B型流感嗜血杆菌;乙型肝炎;甲型肝炎;丙型肝炎;带状疱疹(shingles);人乳头瘤病毒(HPV);流感;日本脑炎;蜱传脑炎;麻疹、腮腺炎和/或风疹;脑膜炎球菌病;肺炎球菌病;脊髓灰质炎(Polio);狂犬病;轮状病毒;伤寒;水痘;牛痘(天花);或者黄热病。在其他实施方案中,一种或多种第二抗原被包含在可商购的疫苗中,包括但不限于:BIOTHRAX、DAPTACEL、INFANRIX、TRIPEDIA、TRIHIBIT、KINRIX、PEDIARIX、PENTACEL、PEDVAXHIB、ACTHIB、HIBERIX、COMVAX、HAVRIX、VAQTA、ENGERIX-B、RECOMBIVAX HB、TWINRIX、ZOSTAVAX、GARDASIL、CERVARIX、FLUARIX、FLUVIRIN、FLUZONE、FLULAVAL、AFLURIA、AGRIFLU、FLUMIST、JE-VAX、IXIARO、M-M-R II、PROQUAD、MENOMUNE、MENACTRA、MENVEO、PNEUMOVAX 23、PREVNAR、PCV13、IPOL、IMOVAX RABIES、RABAVERT、ROTATEQ、ROTARIX、DECAVAC、BOOSTRIX、ADACEL、TYPHIMVI、VIVOTIFBERNA、VARIVAX、ACAM2000或者YF-VAX。
在另一个实施方案中,合成纳米载体群可以以蛋白质的形式或者以病毒样颗粒的形式与取自感染性生物的蛋白质(例如人甲型流感病毒HA蛋白)结合,以形成一种根据本发明的多价疫苗剂型。在另一个实施方案中,可以将该合成纳米载体群加到另一个包含该一种或多种第二抗原的合成纳米载体群中,以形成一种多价合成纳米载体疫苗剂型。在其他实施方案中,可以将一种或多种第一和/或第二抗原以外的抗原结合到该剂型中(通过混合,以及其他在此披露的或常规已知的技术)。在多个实施方案中,在此提供的本发明的组合物包括至少2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、12、15种或更多种不同的抗原。
在多个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在下面表1中所示的病毒的科的病毒或者是从在下面表1中所示的病毒的科的病毒获得或衍生的。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表1中提供的种类的病毒或者是从表1中提供的种类的病毒获得或衍生的。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表1中提供的抗原或者是从在表1中提供的抗原获得或衍生的。
表1:病毒性传染因子
在多个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在下面表2中所示的细菌的属的菌或者是从在下面表2中所示的细菌的属的细菌获得或衍生的。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表2中提供的细菌种类或者是在从表2中提供的细菌种类获得或衍生的。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表2中提供的抗原或者是从在表2中提供的抗原获得或衍生的。
表2:细菌性传染因子
在其他实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在下面表3所示的真菌的属的真菌或者是从在下面表3所示的真菌的属的真菌获得或衍生的。在另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表3中提供的真菌种类或者是从在表3中提供的真菌种类获得或衍生的。在再另一个实施方案中,该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括在表3中提供的抗原或者是从在表3中提供的抗原获得或衍生的。
表3:真菌性传染因子
可以使用传统的药学混合方法来完成合成纳米载体群与一种或多种第二抗原的组合。这些方法包括液-液混合,其中经由一个或多个含有稀释剂的容器将二种或更多种悬浮液(含有合成纳米载体群或者该一种或多种第二抗原)直接合并或聚到一起。由于合成纳米载体还可以以粉末的形式生产或储存,如果一种或多种第二抗原是以粉末形式可得的,可以进行干的粉末-粉末混合,正如可以在普通的介质中再悬浮二种或更多种粉末。取决于合成纳米载体和一种或多种第二抗原的特性和相互作用势(interaction potential),可能具有赋予给一种或另一种混合途径的优点。适合用于实践本发明的技术可以在《工业混合手册:科学和实践》(Handbook of Industrial Mixing:Science and Practice),由爱德华L.保罗(Edward L.Paul),维克多A.阿蒂莫-奥本格(Victor A.Atiemo-Obeng)以及苏珊妮M.克里斯塔(Suzanne M.Kresta)编,2004约翰威利父子公司;和《制药学:剂型设计科学》(Pharmaceutics:The Science of Dosage Form Design),第2版由奥顿(M.E.Auten)编,2001,邱吉尔利文斯通公司(Churchill Livingstone)中找到。在一个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体与防腐剂一起悬浮在的注射用无菌盐水溶液中。
根据本发明,剂型的剂量包含合成纳米载体群的不同的量以及一种或多种第二抗原的不同的量。可以根据抗原的性质、待实现的治疗益处、以及其他类似的参数来改变本发明的剂型中存在的合成纳米载体和/或一种或多种第二抗原的量。在多个实施方案中,可以进行剂量范围研究来确立将存在于剂型中的合成纳米载体群的最佳治疗量以及一种或多种第二抗原的量。在多个实施方案中,存在于剂型中的纳米载体群以及一种或多种第二抗原的量是有效产生针对给予受试者的一种或多种第一抗原以及一种或多种第二抗原的免疫应答的量。有可能使用常规剂量范围研究和技术来确定有效地在受试者中产生免疫应答的第一、第二和/或后续抗原的量。
在多个实施方案中,可以通过将未结合的佐剂混合到与合成纳米载体群相同的媒介物或递送系统以及一种或多种第二抗原中来配制本发明的剂型。这样的佐剂可以包括但不限于:矿物盐(例如明矾,与肠细菌(例如大肠杆菌、明尼苏达沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、或弗氏志贺菌)的单磷酰脂质(monphosphoryl lipid,MPL)A结合的明矾或分别与(AS04)、以上提到的细菌MPLA特异性结合的明矾)、皂苷(如QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM)、乳液(如MF59TM、ISA 51和ISA 720)、AS02(QS21+角鲨烯+)AS15、脂质体和脂质体配制品(如AS01)、合成的或特别制备的微颗粒和微载体(如淋病奈瑟球菌(N.gonorrheae)、沙眼衣原体和其他微生物的源于细菌的外膜泡(OMV))、或壳聚糖颗粒、储存形成剂(depot-forming agent)(如嵌段共聚物)、特异性修饰或制备的肽(例如胞壁酰二肽)、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯(如RC529)、或蛋白质(如细菌类毒素或毒素片段)。可以使用常规剂量范围研究来确定其他类似佐剂的剂量。在多个实施方案中,没有结合到所述合成纳米载体群的佐剂可以与结合到合成纳米载体的佐剂相同或不同。
包含合成纳米载体的典型的本发明的组合物可以包括无机或有机缓冲剂(例如磷酸、碳酸、乙酸、或柠檬酸的钠盐或钾盐)和pH调节剂(例如盐酸、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾、柠檬酸或乙酸的盐、氨基酸和它们的盐)、抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸、α-生育酚)、表面活性剂(例如聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯80、聚氧乙烯9-10壬基酚、去氧胆酸钠)、溶液和/或低温/冻干稳定剂(例如蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、海藻糖)、渗透调节剂(例如盐类或糖类)、抗细菌剂(例如苯甲酸、苯酚、庆大霉素)、消泡剂(例如聚二甲基硅酮(polydimethylsilozone))、防腐剂(例如硫柳汞、2-苯氧乙醇、EDTA)、聚合物稳定剂和粘度调节剂(例如聚乙烯吡咯酮、泊洛沙姆488、羧甲基纤维素)、以及共溶剂(例如甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇)。
根据本发明的组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂结合的本发明的合成纳米载体。可以使用常规的药物制造和配合技术制作这些组合物,以获得有用的剂型。适合用于实践本发明的技术可以在《工业混合手册:科学和实践》(Handbook of Industrial Mixing:Science and Practice),由爱德华L.保罗(Edward L.Paul),维克多A.阿蒂莫-奥本格(Victor A.Atiemo-Obeng)以及苏珊妮M.克里斯塔(Suzanne M.Kresta)编,2004约翰威利父子公司;和《制药学:剂型设计科学》(Pharmaceutics:The Science of Dosage FormDesign),第2版由奥顿(M.E.Auten)编,2001,邱吉尔利文斯通公司(ChurchillLivingstone)中找到。在一个实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体与防腐剂一起悬浮在的注射用无菌盐水溶液中。
应当理解的是,可以用任何适合的方式制造本发明的组合物,并且本发明决不限于可以使用在此说明的方法生产的组合物。适当的方法的选择可能需要注意相结合的特定部分的特性。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的合成纳米载体是在无菌条件下制造并且最后杀菌的。这可以确保所得到的组合物是无菌的并且是非感染性的,因此当与非无菌组合物相比时,提高了安全性。这提供了有价值的安全措施,特别是当接受合成纳米载体的受试者具有免疫缺陷、正在遭受感染,和/或对感染敏感时。在一些实施方案中,取决于配制策略,本发明的合成纳米载体可以冻干并且储存在悬浮液中或呈冻干粉末形式历经较长时间而无活性损失。
本发明的这些组合物可以通过多种给药途径来给予,包括但不限于皮下、肌内、真皮内、口服、鼻内、经粘膜、舌下、直肠、眼用、透皮、经皮或通过这些途径的组合。
根据本发明,剂型的剂量含有不同量的的合成纳米载体或它们的群以及不同量的佐剂和/或抗原。存在于本发明的剂型中的合成纳米载体和/或佐剂和/或抗原的量可以根据抗原的性质、待实现的治疗益处以及其他此类参数而变化。在多个实施方案中,可以进行剂量范围研究来确立将存在于剂型中的合成纳米载体或其群的最佳治疗量以及抗原和/或佐剂的量。在多个实施方案中,存在于剂型中的合成纳米载体和/或佐剂和/或抗原的量是在给予一位受试者时有效地产生如在此提供的一种或免疫应答的量。有可能使用常规剂量范围研究和技术来确定在受试者中有效地产生免疫应答的抗原和/或佐剂的量。可以按多种频率给予本发明的剂型。在一个优选的实施方案中,至少一次给予该剂型足以产生药理学有关的应答。在更优选的实施方案中,利用剂型的至少两次给予、至少三次给予或至少四次给予来确保药理学有关的应答。
在此说明的组合物和方法可以用来诱导、增强、抑制、调节、指导或更改免疫应答。在此说明的组合物和方法可以用于诊断、预防和/或治疗多种病症,如癌症、感染性疾病、代谢性疾病、退行性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、炎性疾病、免疫性疾病、或其他失调和/或病症。在此说明的组合物和方法还可以用于预防或治疗成瘾,如尼古丁或麻醉药成瘾。在此说明的组合物和方法还可以用于预防和/或治疗由于暴露于毒素、有害物质、环境毒素、或其他有害介质而导致的病症。
在此提供的受试者可能患有癌症或具有患癌症的风险。癌症包括但不限于乳腺癌;胆道癌;膀胱癌;脑癌,包括胶质母细胞瘤和髓母细胞瘤;宫颈癌;绒毛膜癌;结肠癌;子宫内膜癌;食道管癌;胃癌;血液肿瘤,包括急性淋巴细胞性和髓性白血病,例如B细胞CLL;T细胞急性淋巴母细胞白血病/淋巴瘤;多毛细胞白血病;慢性髓性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤;AIDS相关白血病和成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤;上皮内肿瘤,包括博文病(Bowen’s disease)和佩吉特病(Paget’s disease);肝癌;肺癌;淋巴瘤,包括霍奇金病(Hodgkin’s disease)和淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤;神经母细胞瘤;口腔癌,包括鳞状细胞癌瘤;卵巢癌,包括从上皮细胞、基质细胞、生殖细胞以及间充质细胞产生的那些;胰腺癌;前列腺癌;直肠癌;肉瘤,包括平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、纤维肉瘤以及骨肉瘤);皮肤癌,包括黑色素瘤、梅克尔细胞癌(Merkel cell carcinoma)、卡波西肉瘤(Kaposi’s sarcoma)、基底细胞癌以及鳞状细胞癌;睾丸癌,包括生殖细胞瘤,如精原细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤(畸胎瘤、绒毛膜癌)、基质肿瘤以及生殖细胞肿瘤;甲状腺癌,包括甲状腺腺癌和髓样癌;以及肾癌,包括腺癌和肾母细胞瘤(Wilms tumor)。
在此提供的受试者可能患有感染或感染性疾病或具有患感染或感染性疾病的风险。感染或感染性疾病包括但不限于病毒性感染性疾病,如AIDS、禽痘(水痘)、普通感冒、巨细胞病毒感染、科罗拉多蜱传热、登革热、埃博拉出血热、手足口病、肝炎、单纯疱疹、带状疱疹、HPV、流形性感冒(Flu)、拉沙热、麻疹、马尔堡出血热、传染性单核细胞增多症、腮腺炎、诺如病毒(Norovirus)感染、脊髓灰质炎、进行性多灶性脑白质病、狂犬病、风疹、SARS、天花(痘症)、病毒性脑炎、病毒性胃肠炎、病毒性脑膜炎、病毒性肺炎、西尼罗病以及黄热病;细菌性感染性疾病,如炭疽、细菌性脑膜炎、肉毒中毒、布鲁菌病、弯曲菌病、猫抓病、霍乱、白喉、流行性斑疹伤寒、淋病、脓疱病、军团病、麻疯病(汉森病)、钩端螺旋体病、李斯特菌病、莱姆病、类鼻疽、风湿热、MRSA感染、诺卡菌病、百日咳(Pertussis/Whooping Cough)、瘟疫、肺炎球菌肺炎、鹦鹉热、Q热、落矶山斑疹热(RMSF)、沙门菌病、猩红热、志贺氏菌病、梅毒、破伤风、沙眼、结核病、土拉菌病、伤寒、斑疹伤寒以及尿路感染;寄生虫感染性疾病,如非洲锥虫病、阿米巴病、蛔虫病、巴贝虫病、恰加斯病、华支睾吸虫病、隐孢子虫病、囊虫病、裂头绦虫病、龙线虫病、棘球蚴病、蛲虫病、片形吸虫病、姜片虫病、丝虫病、自由生活阿米巴感染(Free-living amebic infection)、贾第虫病、颚口线虫病、膜壳绦虫病、等孢子球虫病、黑热病、利什曼病、疟疾、后殖吸虫病、蝇蛆病、盘尾丝虫病、虱病、蛲虫感染、疥疮、血吸虫病、绦虫病、弓蛔虫病、弓形体病、旋毛虫病(Trichinellosis/Trichinosis)、鞭虫病、滴虫病以及锥虫病;真菌感染性疾病,如曲霉菌病、芽生菌病、念珠菌病、球孢子菌病、隐球菌病、组织胞浆菌病、足癣(脚气)以及股癣;朊病毒感染性疾病,如阿尔珀斯病、致死性家族性失眠症、杰茨曼-斯脱司勒-史菌克综合征(Gerstmann--Scheinker syndrome)、库鲁病以及变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病(Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)。
实例
实例1:具有共价结合的佐剂的合成纳米载体
通过复乳法制备了包含PLGA-R848、PLA-PEG-N3、和卵清蛋白肽(ova peptide)的纳米载体,其中该卵清蛋白肽被包封封装在这些纳米载体中。
从JT Baker购买聚乙烯醇(Mw=11KD-31KD,87%-89%部分水解的)。从BachemAmericas公司(柏市街3132号,托伦斯加利福尼亚州90505。产品代码#4065609(3132Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505.Part#4065609))获得卵清蛋白肽323-339。合成并且纯化PLGA-R848以及PLA-PEG-N3结合物。
以上材料用来制备以下溶液:
1.在二氯甲烷中的PLA-R848结合物@100mg/mL
2.在二氯甲烷中的PLA-PEG-N3@100mg/mL
3.在0.13N HCl中的卵清蛋白肽323-339@70mg/mL
4.在100mM pH 8的磷酸盐缓冲液中的聚乙烯醇@50mg/mL
将溶液#1(0.75mL)和溶液#2(0.25mL)合并,并且将溶液#3(0.1mL)或0.13N HCl(0.1mL)加到一个小的容器中,使用布兰森数字超声波仪250(Branson Digital Sonifier)以50%的振幅将该混合物超声处理40秒。将溶液#4(2.0mL)加到这一乳液中并且使用布兰森数字超声波仪250以30%的振幅将其超声处理40秒,以形成第二乳液。将这一乳液加到一个含有70mM pH 8的磷酸盐缓冲液(30mL)的搅拌烧杯中,并且在室温下将这一混合物搅拌2小时以形成纳米载体。
为了洗涤这些纳米载体,将纳米颗粒分散体(26.5mL)的一部分转移到一个50mL的离心管中并且在4℃下以9500rpm(13,800g)旋转一个小时,除去上清液,将沉淀再悬浮在26.5mL的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中。重复该离心步骤并且将沉淀再悬浮在8.3g的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中,获得具有大约10mg/mL的纳米载体分散体。
随着轻轻搅拌向纳米载体悬浮液(10mg/mL,在PBS中(pH 7.4的缓冲液),5mL,含有大约12.5mg(分子量:20,000;0.000625mmol)的PLA-PEG-N3)加入衍生自L2的肽H-Ala-Thr-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Thr-Cys-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-Pro-Pro-Asp-Ile-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-X(SEQ ID NO:2),其中X是包含乙炔连接物(33mg)的连接基团。加入抗坏血酸钠溶液(在H2O中,100 mM,0.3mL),随后加入CuSO4溶液(在水中,10mM,0.6mL)。在20C下将所生成的淡黄色的悬浮液搅拌15小时并且加入另外的CuSO4溶液(0.3mL)以及抗坏血酸钠溶液(0.15mL)。在20C下将该悬浮液搅拌5小时,用PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)稀释到10mL,然后离心以除去上清液。用PBS缓冲液将剩余的纳米载体沉淀洗涤二次。然后将洗涤的纳米载体再悬浮在5mL的PBS缓冲液中并且冷冻保存。通过消化的纳米载体的HPLC分析并且通过生物测定来证实L2肽在这些合成纳米载体的表面上的结合。
实例2:具有合成纳米载体以及未结合抗原的组合物(预示的)
将来自实例1的、含有8mg的L2取代的纳米载体的合成纳米载体悬浮液的一个4mL部分进行离心以使这些颗粒沉降。弃去上清液并且加入0.5-mL的的悬浮液,是人乳头状瘤病毒的四价(6、11、16、和18型)疫苗,含有纯化的HPV6、11、16、和18型的主要衣壳(L1)蛋白的病毒样颗粒(VLP)。搅拌该联合疫苗以将载体再悬浮,并且在使用之前将生成的悬浮液在-20℃下储存。
实例3:具有非共价结合的佐剂的合成纳米载体(预示的)
通过德西蒙(DeSimone)的专利申请WO2008118861的实例16中所描述的方法来生产含有阳离子二硫化物(cationic disulfide)PRINT纳米载体的DNA,不同之处在于实例16的ssDNA-荧光素被硫代磷酸化的DNA CpG 7909取代。在分离之后,将阳离子纳米载体悬浮在含有10mg/mL的肝素的1.0mL的PBS溶液中。在室温下搅拌2小时之后,通过离心将这些纳米载体进行分离然后通过离心和倾析用PBS洗涤二次。将这些含有表面吸附有肝素的CpG7909的纳米载体再悬浮在1.0mL的PBS中,并且使用之前在-20℃下储存。
实例4:具有合成纳米载体以及未结合抗原的组合物(预示的)
将来自实例3的、含有10mg的肝素取代的纳米载体的合成纳米载体悬浮液的一个1mL部分进行离心以使这些颗粒沉降。弃去上清液,并且加入1-mL的或者的悬浮液、 或者是人乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗,含有由HBV的主要表面抗原(HBsAg)蛋白组成的纯化的蛋白质颗粒。搅拌该联合疫苗以再悬浮纳米载体,并且在使用之前将生成的悬浮液在-20℃下储存。使用一个类似的过程将实例3的肝素取代的纳米载体与1mL的抗人甲型和乙型肝炎病毒的二价疫苗的悬浮液进行合并,由纯化的HBsAg和灭活人甲型肝炎病毒组成。
实例5:具有共价结合佐剂的纳米载体[预示的]
实例5A:共价连接至硫醇的R848的制备
3,3’-二硫代二-丙酸(cat号109010)购自奥德里奇化学品公司(AldrichChemical Company)。R848是在Selecta生物科学公司(Selecta Biosciences)合成的。在室温和氩气下,将在EtOAc(450mL)中的3,3’-二硫代二-丙酸(2.10gm,1.0X10-2摩尔)和HBTU(15.2g,4X10-2摩尔)的溶液搅拌45分钟。加入化合物R848(6.28g,2X10-2摩尔),随后加入DIPEA(20.9mL,1.2X10-1摩尔)。在室温下将该混合物搅拌6小时然后在50℃-55℃下搅拌15小时。在冷却之后,用1%柠檬酸溶液(2x40mL)、水(40mL)和盐水溶液(40mL)洗涤该混合物。该溶液经Na2SO4(10g)干燥并且,在过滤之后,在真空下除去乙酸乙酯。从2-甲氧基乙醇中重结晶该产物,以提供6.5gm(78%)的白色固体产物。
将上述二硫化物(5.0gm)溶解在氯仿(200mL)中并且将该溶液用二硫苏糖醇(1.0gm)处理。在室温下搅拌2小时之后,用水(100mL)洗涤该氯仿溶液,然后经硫酸钠干燥。在过滤除去干燥剂后,在真空下去除氯仿并且使用在二氯甲烷中的10%甲醇作为洗脱剂在硅胶上通过色谱法将剩余的固体进行纯化。将含有硫醇-R848结合物的部分进行汇集并且蒸发以得到3.5gm(70%)的、作为白色固体的硫醇-R848结合物。
实例5B:纳米载体的制备
如Midatech有限公司(Midatech Limited)的美国专利申请2009 0104268 A1的实例(a)中所描述的方法制备金的合成纳米载体,不同之处在于用来自上述实例5A的硫醇R848结合物取代肽BC11并被并且用衍生自L2的肽H-Ala-Thr-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Thr-Cys-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-Pro-Pro-Asp-Ile-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-X(SEQ ID NO:2))取代寡糖抗原,其中X是包含半胱氨酸残基的连接基团。如Midatech的申请中所描述的洗涤和浓缩后,称量1.0mg的颗粒在如实例6中所描述进行使用。
实例6:具有合成纳米载体和未结合抗原的组合物(预示的)
将来自实例5的金纳米载体的一个1.0mg的部分加到针对由G1型和非G1(G3、G4、和G9)型轮状病毒引起的胃肠炎的活的重组抗轮状病毒疫苗的1mL的口服悬浮液中。搅拌该联合口服疫苗以重悬这些纳米载体,并且在作为联合口服疫苗使用之前,将所生成的悬浮液在-20℃下保存。
实例7:具有T辅助细胞抗原和佐剂的合成纳米载体
从Bachem Americas公司(柏市街3132号,托伦斯,加利福尼亚州,90505.产品代码4065609)购买卵清蛋白肽323-339酰胺乙酸盐。在普林斯顿全球合成中心(PrincetonGlobal Synthesis)(乔治帕特森路300号206室(300 George Patterson Drive#206),布里斯托尔(Bristol),宾夕法尼亚州(PA)19007)专门制造大约7,000Da的PLGA-R848(聚-D/L-丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物,4-氨基-2-(乙氧基甲基)-α,α-二甲基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-1-乙醇酰胺),该PLGA-R848是由具有3∶1丙交酯与乙交酯比率的PLGA制造的并且具有大约8.5%w/w的结合瑞喹莫德含量。通过使HO-PEG-COOH结合至氨基-C6H12-叠氮化物上并且然后通过使生成的HO-PEG-C6-N3与dl-丙交酯进行开环聚合来产生PLA嵌段,从而合成了PLA-PEG-C6-N3,该PLA-PEG-C6-N3是由大约23000Da的聚-D/L-丙交酯(PLA)嵌段和大约2000Da的聚乙二醇(PEG)嵌段组成的并且由连接至叠氮化物上的结合酰胺的C6H12连接物封端的嵌段共聚物。从EMD化学公司(民主南路480号,Gibbstown,新泽西州08027。区域编号4-88)购买聚乙烯醇PhEur,USP(85%-89%水解的,粘度是3.4-4.6mPa.s)。
多种溶液制备如下:
溶液1:在室温下制备在0.13N HCl中的20mg/mL卵清蛋白肽323-339。
溶液2:通过各自分别地以100mg/mL溶解于二氯甲烷中,然后以相同的体积份合并,制备了在二氯甲烷中的PLGA-R848(为50mg/mL)和PLA-PEG-C6-N3(50mg/mL)。
溶液3:在100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 8)中的聚乙烯醇,为50mg/mL。
溶液4:70mM磷酸盐缓冲液,pH 8
使用溶液1和溶液2首先产生一种初级(W1/O)乳液。将溶液1(0.2mL)和溶液2(1.0mL)在小的玻璃压力管中合并并且使用一台Branson(布兰森)数字超声波仪250以50%振幅将该混合物超声处理40秒。然后通过向该初级乳液添加溶液3(2.0mL),并且使用一台Branson(布兰森)数字超声波仪250以30%振幅将其超声处理40秒,形成一种二级(W1/O/W2)乳液。
将该二级乳液添加到含70mM磷酸盐缓冲溶液(30mL)的一个50ml的开放的烧杯中并且在室温下搅拌2小时以允许二氯甲烷蒸发并且在悬浮液中形成纳米载体。对于一部分的该悬浮的纳米载体通过以下过程洗涤:将该纳米载体悬浮液转移到一个离心管中,在21,000rcf下旋转45分钟,除去上清液,并且将沉淀再悬浮在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中。重复该洗涤步骤,并且将沉淀再悬浮在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中,以获得基于聚合物具有10mg/mL的标称浓度的纳米载体悬浮液。产生两个相同批次并且然后合并以形成单一的均匀悬浮液,将其在-20℃下冷冻储存直到进一步使用。
表4:纳米载体的表征
实例8:用具有结合抗原的合成纳米载体以及没有混入佐剂的游离蛋白进行免疫
材料和方法
(1)如以上实例7中所述制备了具有含PLGA-R848和卵清蛋白肽的表面PEG-C6-N3的纳米载体,为在PBS中的7mg/mL的悬浮液。
(2)以连接于C端Gly的炔连接物修饰的M2e肽;CS Bio公司,目录号CS4956,批号:H308,MW 2650,TFA盐;序列:
H-Met-Ser-Leu-Leu-Thr-Glu-Val-Glu-Thr-Pro-Thr-Arg-Asn-Glu-Trp-Glu-Cys-Arg-Cys-Ser-Asp-Gly-Gly-NHCH2CCH(SEQ ID NO:3)
(3)催化剂:CuSO4,100mM,在去离子水中;THPTA配体,200mM,在去离子水中;抗坏血酸钠,200mM,在新鲜制备的去离子水中。
(4)pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液。
通过离心将NC悬浮液(7mg/mL,4mL)浓缩至大约1mL(以体积计)。添加在2mL的PBS缓冲液中的M2e肽(20mg)的溶液。添加0.2mL的CuSO4(100mM)与0.2mL的THPTA配体(200mM)的预混合溶液,然后添加0.4mL的抗坏血酸钠(200mM)。在暗处在环境室温下将生成的淡黄色悬浮液搅拌18小时。然后用PBS缓冲液将该悬浮液稀释到10mL,然后离心以除去上清液。用10mL PBS缓冲液进一步将NC-M2e结合物沉淀洗涤两次,并且以大约6mg/mL(大约4mL)的终浓度再悬浮于pH 7.4的缓冲液中,然后储存在4℃下。
结果
测定了用NC-M2e以及来自H5N1禽流感病毒株(越南)的游离血凝素的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。NC-M2e含有OP-II T辅助细胞肽(2.4%)以及R848佐剂(4.2%)。每个条代表针对抗原的滴度。通过每次注射120μg的NC和10μg的H5血凝素对每组5只动物进行皮下免疫二次,每次间隔3周。显示了在第一次免疫之后第33天的滴度(分别针对PLA-PEG-M2e和H5血凝素的ELISA)。
结果显示,用混合到游离蛋白的、携带抗原的NC的组合(没有混入的佐剂)进行免疫导致针对携带抗原的NC和游离蛋白两者的抗体的产生。当含有来自甲型流感病毒的表面M2e肽(M2基质蛋白的胞外结构域,2-27个氨基酸)的NC被混合到游离的甲型流感病毒血凝素蛋白并且用于动物免疫时,诱导了在所有的动物体内的强烈的针对M2e肽和血凝素的体液应答(图1)。在免疫前小鼠的血清中没有检测到反应性。
实例9:用具有结合抗原的合成纳米载体以及游离蛋白(有混入的佐剂)进行免疫
材料和方法
(1)如以上实例7中所述制备了具有含PLGA-R848和卵清蛋白肽的表面PEG-C6-N3的纳米载体,为在PBS中的7mg/mL的悬浮液。
(2)以连接于C端Gly的炔连接物修饰的M2e肽;CS Bio公司,目录号CS4956,批号:H308,MW 2650,TFA盐;序列:
H-Met-Ser-Leu-Leu-Thr-Glu-Val-Glu-Thr-Pro-Thr-Arg-Asn-Glu-Trp-Glu-Cys-Arg-Cys-Ser-Asp-Gly-Gly-NHCH2CCH(SEQ ID NO:3)。
(3)催化剂:CuSO4,100mM,在去离子水中;THPTA配体,200mM,在去离子水中;抗坏血酸钠,200mM,在新鲜制备的去离子水中。
(4)pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液。
通过离心NC悬浮液(7mg/mL,4mL)浓缩至大约1mL(以体积计)。添加在2mL的PBS缓冲液中的M2e肽(20mg)的溶液。添加0.2mL的CuSO4(100mM)与0.2mL的THPTA配体(200mM)的预混合溶液,然后添加0.4mL的抗坏血酸钠(200mM)。在暗处在环境室温下将生成的淡黄色悬浮液搅拌18小时。然后用PBS缓冲液将悬浮液稀释到10mL,然后离心以除去上清液。用10mL PBS缓冲液将NC-M2e结合物沉淀进一步洗涤两次,并且将它们以大约6mg/mL(大约4mL)的终浓度再悬浮于pH 7.4的缓冲液中,然后在4℃下储存。
结果
测定了在用NC-M2e以及与80μg明矾混合的、来自H5N1禽流感病毒株(越南)的游离血凝素的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。NC-M2e含有OP-II T辅助细胞肽(2.4%)和R848佐剂(4.2%)。每个条代表针对抗原的滴度。通过每次注射120μg的NC和10μg的H5血凝素对每组5只动物进行皮下免疫二次,每次间隔3周。显示了在第一次免疫之后第33天的滴度(分别针对PLA-PEG-M2e和H5血凝素的ELISA)。
结果表明,用混合到第二抗原(游离蛋白)的、携带抗原的NC与混入的佐剂的组合进行免疫导致针对携带抗原的NC和该第二抗原两者的抗体的产生。当含有来自甲型流感病毒的表面M2e肽(M2基质蛋白的胞外结构域,2-27个氨基酸)的NC被混合到游离的甲型流感病毒血凝素蛋白并且用于混合到明矾(Imject Alum,Pierce)的动物免疫时,诱导了在所有的动物体内的强烈的针对M2e肽和血凝素两者的体液应答。(图2)。在免疫前小鼠的血清中没有检测到反应性。
实例10:用具有结合抗原的合成纳米载体和病毒疫苗以及佐剂进行免疫
材料和方法
(1)如以上实例7中所述制备了具有含PLGA-R848和卵清蛋白肽的表面PEG-C6-N3的纳米载体,为在PBS中的7mg/mL的悬浮液。
(2)以连接于C端Gly的炔连接物修饰的M2e肽;CS Bio公司,目录号CS4956,批号:H308,MW 2650,TFA盐;序列:
H-Met-Ser-Leu-Leu-Thr-Glu-Val-Glu-Thr-Pro-Thr-Arg-Asn-Glu-Trp-Glu-Cys-Arg-Cys-Ser-Asp-Gly-Gly-NHCH2CCH(SEQ ID NO:3)。
(3)催化剂:CuSO4,100mM,在去离子水中;THPTA配体,200mM,在去离子水中;抗坏血酸钠,200mM,在新鲜制备的去离子水中。
(4)pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液。
通过离心将NC悬浮液(7mg/mL,4mL)浓缩至大约1mL(以体积计)。添加在2mL的PBS缓冲液中的M2e肽(20mg)的溶液。添加0.2mL的CuSO4(100mM)与0.2mL的THPTA配体(200mM)的预混合溶液,然后添加0.4mL的抗坏血酸钠(200mM)。在暗处在环境室温下将生成的淡黄色悬浮液搅拌18小时。然后用PBS缓冲液将悬浮液稀释到10mL,然后离心以除去上清液。用10mL PBS缓冲液将NC-M2e结合物沉淀进一步洗涤两次,并且将它们以大约6mg/mL(大约4mL)的终浓度再悬浮于pH 7.4的缓冲液中,然后在4℃下储存。
结果
测定了在用NC-M2e以及与80μg明矾混合的、β-丙内酯灭活的甲型流感病毒H1N1(H1N1 New Caledonia(新喀里多尼亚)/20/99/IVR 116)的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。NC-M2e含有OP-II T辅助细胞肽(2.4%)和R848佐剂(4.2%)。每个条表示针对抗原的滴度。通过每次注射120μg的NC和1μg的灭活的、含有硫柳汞的H1N1新喀里多尼亚对每组5只动物进行皮下免疫二次,每次间隔3周。显示了在第一次免疫之后第33天的滴度(分别针对PLA-PEG-M2e和H1N1新喀里多尼亚的ELISA)。
结果表明,用与灭活病毒疫苗混合的、携带抗原的NC以及佐剂的组合进行免疫导致了抗针对携带抗原的NC和灭活病毒两者的抗体的产生。当含有来自甲型流感病毒的表面M2e肽(M2基质蛋白的胞外结构域,2-27个氨基酸)的NC被混合到灭活甲型流感病毒H1N1并且用于混合到明矾(Imject Alum,Pierce)的动物免疫时,诱导了在所有的动物体内的强烈的针对M2e肽和灭活甲型流感病毒H1N1两者的体液应答。(图3)在免疫前小鼠的血清中没有检测到反应性。
实例11:用具有结合抗原的合成纳米载体以及具有佐剂的重组疫苗进行免疫
材料和方法
(1)如以上实例7中所述制备了具有含PLGA-R848和卵清蛋白肽的表面PEG-C6-N3的纳米载体,为在PBS中的7mg/mL的悬浮液。
(2)以连接于C端Lys氨基的炔连接物修饰的HPV16 L2肽;Bachem Americas公司,批号B06055,MW 2595,TFA盐;序列:
H-Ala-Thr-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Thr-Cys-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Thr-Cys-Pro-Pro-Asp-Ile-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-Lys(5-hexynoyl)-NH2(具有Cys-Cys二硫键)(SEQ ID NO:2)。
(3)催化剂:CuSO4,100mM,在去离子水中;THPTA配体,200mM,在去离子水中;抗坏血酸钠,200mM,在新鲜制备的去离子水中。
(4)pH 7.4的PBS缓冲液。
通过离心将NC悬浮液(7mg/mL,4mL)浓缩至大约1mL(以体积计)。添加在2mL的PBS缓冲液中的L2肽(20mg)的溶液。添加0.2mL的CuSO4(100mM)与0.2mL的THPTA配体(200mM)的预混合溶液,然后添加0.4mL的抗坏血酸钠(200mM)。在暗处在环境室温下将生成的淡黄色悬浮液搅拌18小时。然后用PBS缓冲液将悬浮液稀释到10mL,然后离心以除去上清液。用10mL PBS缓冲液将NC-L2结合物沉淀进一步洗涤两次,并且将它们以大约6mg/mL(大约4mL)的终浓度再悬浮于pH 7.4的缓冲液中,然后在4℃下储存。
结果
测定了在用NC-L2-肽以及与80μg明矾混合的、产生于酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)中的HBsAg菌株ayw的组合免疫的小鼠中的抗体滴度。NC-L2-肽含有OP-II T辅助细胞肽(2.4%)和R848佐剂(4.2%)。每个条代表针对所指示的抗原的滴度。通过每次注射120μg的NC和0.6μg的重组HBsAg对每组5只动物进行皮下免疫二次,间隔3周。显示了在第一次免疫之后第33天的滴度(分别针对PLA-PEG-L2和HBsAg ayw的ELISA)。
结果表明,用混合到重组疫苗的、携带抗原的NC以及佐剂的组合进行免疫导致了针对携带抗原的NC和灭活病毒两者的抗体的产生。当含有来自HPV-16病毒次要衣壳L2蛋白的表面L2肽(17-36个氨基酸)的NC被混合到重组乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)并且用于混合到明矾(Imject Alum,Pierce)的动物免疫时,诱导了在所有的动物体内的强烈的针对L2肽和重组HbsAg两者的体液应答。(图4)在免疫前小鼠的血清中没有检测到反应性。
以下实施方案内容对应于原申请的权利要求书:
1.一种剂型,包含:
(1)一个第一合成纳米载体群,这些合成纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第一抗原,
(2)一种或多种没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原,以及
(3)一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
2.如实施方案1所述的剂型,进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的合成纳米载体上。
3.如实施方案2所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括嵌段共聚物,特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;I型干扰素类;poly I:C;细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;或者包括CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子。
4.如实施方案2或3所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种Toll样受体2、3、4、7、8或9的激动剂。
5.如实施方案2至4中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉或氧代腺嘌呤(oxoadenine)。
6.如实施方案5所述的剂型,其中该咪唑并喹啉包括瑞喹莫德或咪喹莫特。
7.如实施方案1至6中任一项所述的剂型,进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂没有结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的合成纳米载体上。
8.如实施方案7所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括模式识别受体的刺激剂类或激动剂类、矿物盐类、明矾、与肠细菌(MPL)的单磷酰脂质(monphosphoryllipid)A结合的明矾、(AS04)、AS15、皂苷类、QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM、MF59TM、ISA 51、ISA 720、AS02、脂质体类和脂质体配制品、AS01、合成的或特别制备的微粒和微载体、淋病奈瑟球菌(N.gonorrheae)或沙眼衣原体的源于细菌的外膜泡、壳聚糖颗粒、储存形成剂(depot-forming agent)、嵌段共聚物、特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;DC表面分子CD40的激动剂;I型干扰素类;聚肌胞苷酸(poly I:C);细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;包含CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子;从坏死细胞释放的促炎刺激物;尿酸盐结晶;活化的补体级联成分;活化的免疫复合物成分;补体受体激动剂类;细胞因子类;或者细胞因子受体激动剂类。
9.如实施方案7或8所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括明矾、AS01、AS02、AS04、AS15、MPL、QS-21、皂苷、或者包含CpG的免疫刺激核酸。
10.如实施方案1至9中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原与该一种或多种第二抗原是相同的。
11.如实施方案1至10中任一项所述的剂型,进一步包括一个第二合成纳米载体群,这些纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第三抗原,其中这些第一和第三抗原是不相同的。
12.如实施方案1至11中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种T细胞抗原。
13.如实施方案12述的剂型,其中该T细胞抗原是一种T辅助细胞抗原。
14.如实施方案1至11中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种T细胞抗原以及一种T辅助细胞抗原。
15.如实施方案13或14所述的组合物,其中该T辅助细胞抗原包括一种从卵清蛋白获得或衍生的肽。
16.如实施方案15所述的组合物,其中该从卵清蛋白获得或衍生的肽包含如SEQID NO:1中所提出的序列。
17.如实施方案13至16中任一项所述的组合物,其中该T辅助细胞抗原是通过封装进行结合的。
18.如实施方案1至17中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第二抗原包括一种B细胞抗原或一种T细胞抗原。
19.如实施方案1至18中任一项所述的剂型,其中该剂型包括一种疫苗,该疫苗包括没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原。
20.如实施方案19所述的剂型,其中该疫苗包括半抗原-载体结合物、病毒样颗粒、合成纳米载体疫苗、蛋白质亚单位疫苗、或者减毒病毒。
21.如实施方案19或20所述的剂型,其中该疫苗是针对炭疽;白喉、破伤风和/或百日咳;B型流感嗜血杆菌;乙型肝炎;甲型肝炎;丙型肝炎;带状疱疹(shingles);人乳头瘤病毒(HPV);流感;日本脑炎;蜱传脑炎;麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和/或风疹;脑膜炎球菌病;肺炎球菌病;脊髓灰质炎;狂犬病;轮状病毒;伤寒;水痘;牛痘(天花);或者黄热病。
22.如实施方案19至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该疫苗包括BIOTHRAX、DAPTACEL、INEANRIX、TRIPEDIA、TRIHIBIT、KINRIX、PEDIARIX、PENTACEL、PEDVAXHIB、ACTHIB、HIBERIX、COMVAX、HAVRIX、VAQTA、ENGERIX-B、RECOMBIVAX HB、TWINRIX、ZOSTAVAX、GARDASIL、CERVARIX、FLUARIX、FLUVIRIN、FLUZONE、FLULAVAL、AFLURIA、AGRIFLU、FLUMIST、JE-VAX、IXIARO、M-M-R II、PROQUAD、MENOMUNE、MENACTRA、MENVEO、PNEUMOVAX 23、PREVNAR、PCV13、IPOL、IMOVAX RABIES、RABAVERT、ROTATEQ、ROTARIX、DECAVAC、BOOSTRIX、ADACEL、TYPHIM VI、VIVOTIF BERNA、VARIVAX、ACAM2000或者YF-VAX。
23.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下科的一种病毒获得或衍生的:腺病毒科、细小RNA病毒科、疱疹病毒科、嗜肝病毒科、黄病毒科、逆转录病毒科、正粘病毒科、副粘病毒科、乳头瘤病毒科、弹状病毒科、披膜病毒科或者细小病毒科(Paroviridae)。
24.如实施方案23所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下病毒获得或衍生的:腺病毒、柯萨奇病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、鼻病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、人巨细胞病毒、人疱疹病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、黄热病毒、登革热病毒、西尼罗病毒、HIV、流感病毒、麻疹病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人偏肺病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、狂犬病病毒、风疹病毒、人博卡病毒(bocarivus)或者细小病毒B19。
25.如实施方案24所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括以下各项或者是从以下各项获得或衍生的:VI、VII、E1A、E3-19K、52K、VP1、表面抗原、3A蛋白、衣壳蛋白、核衣壳、表面突起、跨膜蛋白、UL6、UL18、UL35、UL38、UL19、早期抗原、衣壳抗原、Pp65、gB、p52、潜伏核抗原1、NS3、包膜蛋白、包膜蛋白E2结构域、gp120、p24、脂肽类Gag(17-35)、Gag(253-284)、Nef(66-97)、Nef(116-145)、Pol(325-355)、神经氨酸酶、核衣壳蛋白、基质蛋白、磷蛋白、融合蛋白、血凝素、血凝素-神经氨酸酶、糖蛋白、E6、E7、包膜脂蛋白或者非结构蛋白(NS)。
26.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下属的一种微生物获得或衍生的:博德特菌属、疏螺旋体属、布鲁杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、衣原体属(Chlamydia/Chlamydophila)、梭菌属、棒杆菌属、肠球菌属、埃希氏菌属、弗朗西丝菌属、嗜血杆菌属、螺杆菌属、军团病杆菌属、钩端螺旋体属、利斯特菌属、分枝杆菌属、支原体属、奈瑟球菌属、假单胞菌属、立克次体属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、密螺旋体属、弧菌属或者耶尔森菌属。
27.如实施方案26所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下微生物获得或衍生的:百日咳博德特菌、伯氏疏螺旋体、流产布鲁杆菌、犬布氏杆菌、马尔他布鲁杆菌、猪布氏杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、肺炎衣原体、沙眼衣原体、鹦鹉热衣原体、肉毒梭菌、艰难梭菌、产气荚膜梭菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、大肠杆菌、土拉热弗朗西丝菌、流感嗜血菌、幽门螺杆菌、嗜肺军团病杆菌、问号钩端螺旋体、单核细胞增生利斯特菌、麻风分枝杆菌、结核分枝杆菌、溃疡分枝杆菌、肺炎支原体、淋病奈瑟球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、立氏立克次体、伤寒沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、宋氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、苍白密螺旋体、霍乱弧菌或者鼠疫耶尔森菌。
28.如实施方案27所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括以下各项或者是从以下各项获得或衍生的:百日咳毒素(PT)、丝状血凝素(FHA)、百日咳杆菌粘附素(PRN)、菌毛(FIM2/3)、VlsE;DbpA、OspA、Hia、PrpA、MltA、L7/L12、D15、0187、VirJ、Mdh、AfuA、L7/L12、外膜蛋白、LPS、A型抗原、B型抗原、C型抗原、D型抗原、E型抗原、FliC、FliD、Cwp84、α-毒素、θ-毒素、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)、丙酮酸:铁氧还蛋白还原酶(PFOR)、延伸因子-G(EF-G)、假定蛋白(HP)、T毒素、类毒素抗原、荚膜多糖、蛋白D、Mip、核蛋白(NP)、RD1、PE35、PPE68、EsxA、EsxB、RD9、EsxV、Hsp70、脂多糖、表面抗原、Sp1、Sp2、Sp3、甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶、外膜蛋白、伴侣-usher蛋白、荚膜蛋白(F1)或者V蛋白。
29.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下属的一种真菌获得或衍生的:念珠菌属、曲霉菌属、隐球菌属、组织胞浆菌属、肺孢子菌或者葡萄穗霉属。
30.如实施方案29所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从以下真菌获得或衍生的:白色念珠菌、烟曲霉菌、黄曲霉菌、新型隐球菌、罗伦隐球酵母、浅白隐球菌、格特隐球菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、耶氏肺孢子菌或者黑葡萄穗霉。
31.如实施方案30所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原包括以下各项或者是从以下各项获得或衍生的:表面抗原、荚膜糖蛋白、Yps3P、Hsp60、主要表面蛋白质、MsgC1、MsgC3、MsgC8、MsgC9或者SchS34。
32.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。
33.如实施方案32所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L2蛋白获得或衍生的。
34.如实施方案32所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白获得或衍生的。
35.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从乙型肝炎病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。
36.如实施方案35所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)获得或衍生的。
37.如实施方案36所述的剂型,其中该HBsAg来自在酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)中产生的菌株ayw。
38.如实施方案35至37中任一项所述的剂型,其中当该一种或多种第一抗原是从乙型肝炎病毒获得或衍生时,该一种或多种第二抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。
39.如实施方案35至37中任一项所述的剂型,其中当该一种或多种第二抗原是从乙型肝炎病毒获得或衍生时,该一种或多种第一抗原是从人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。
40.如实施方案38或39所述的剂型,其中该人乳头瘤病毒的一种或多种蛋白质是人乳头瘤病毒的L1蛋白和或L2蛋白。
41.如实施方案1至21中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原和/或该一种或多种第二抗原是从流感病毒的一种或多种蛋白质获得或衍生的。
42.如实施方案41所述的剂型,其中该流感病毒是甲型流感病毒、H5N1禽流感病毒、或者H1N1甲型流感病毒。
43.如实施方案42所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从H5N1禽流感病毒的血凝素获得或衍生的。
44.如实施方案42所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从H5N1禽流感病毒的血凝素获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的。
45.如实施方案42所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从被β-丙内酯灭活的H1N1甲型流感病毒获得或衍生的。
46.如实施方案42所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原是从β-丙内酯灭活的H1N1甲型流感病毒获得或衍生的,并且该一种或多种第二抗原是从甲型流感病毒的M2蛋白获得或衍生的。
47.如实施方案1至46中任一项所述的剂型,其中该药学上可接受的赋形剂包括防腐剂、缓冲剂、盐水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、着色剂、或者稳定剂。
48.如实施方案1至47中任一项所述的剂型,其中这些第一合成纳米载体包括脂质基纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒、金属纳米颗粒、基于表面活性剂的乳剂类、树枝状聚合物、巴克球、纳米线、病毒样颗粒、基于肽或蛋白质的颗粒、脂质-聚合物纳米颗粒、球状纳米颗粒、立方形纳米颗粒、锥形纳米颗粒、长方形纳米颗粒、圆柱形纳米颗粒、或者环形纳米颗粒。
49.如实施方案48所述的剂型,其中这些第一合成纳米载体包括一种或多种聚合物。
50.如实施方案49所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种聚合物包括聚酯。
51.如实施方案49或50所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种聚合物包括或者进一步包括结合到亲水聚合物上的一种聚酯。
52.如实施方案50或51所述的剂型,其中该聚酯包括聚(乳酸)、聚(乙醇酸)、聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)共聚物、或者聚己内酯。
53.如实施方案51或52所述的剂型,其中该亲水聚合物包括一种聚醚。
54.如实施方案53所述的剂型,其中该聚醚包括聚乙二醇。
55.一种方法,包括:
向受试者施用如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型。
56.如实施方案55所述的方法,其中该受试者患有一种感染或感染性疾病或具有患一种感染或感染性疾病的风险。
57.如实施方案55所述的方法,其中该受试者患有癌症或具有患癌症的风险。
58.如实施方案55至57中任一项所述的方法,其中该剂型是通过口服、皮下、肺部、鼻内、真皮内或肌内给药施用的。
59.如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型,用于在治疗或预防中使用。
60.如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型,用于在如实施方案55至58中任一项所定义的方法中使用。
61.如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型,用于在治疗或预防癌症的方法中使用。
62.如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型,用于在治疗或预防感染或者感染性疾病的方法中使用。
63.如实施方案60至62中任一项所述的剂型,其中该方法包括通过口服、皮下、肺部、鼻内、真皮内或肌内给药施用该剂型。
64.如实施方案1至54中任一项所述的剂型用于在如实施方案55至58或60至63中任一项所定义的方法中使用的药剂的制造的用途。
序列表
<110> 西莱克塔生物科技公司
<120> 合成纳米载体联合疫苗
<130> IP1678838D
<150> US 61/348,713
<151> 2010-05-26
<150> US 61/348,717
<151> 2010-05-26
<150> US 61/348,728
<151> 2010-05-26
<150> US 61/358,635
<151> 2010-06-25
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn版本3.5
<210> 1
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 原鸡
<400> 1
Ile Ser Gln Ala Val His Ala Ala His Ala Glu Ile Asn Glu Ala Gly
1 5 10 15
Arg
<210> 2
<211> 23
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> HPV16 L2肽
<220>
<221> misc_特征
<222> (23)..(23)
<223> Xaa是一个连接基团
<400> 2
Ala Thr Gln Leu Tyr Lys Thr Cys Lys Gln Ala Gly Thr Cys Pro Pro
1 5 10 15
Asp Ile Ile Pro Lys Val Xaa
20
<210> 3
<211> 23
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> H5N1禽流感M2e肽
<400> 3
Met Ser Leu Leu Thr Glu Val Glu Thr Pro Thr Arg Asn Glu Trp Glu
1 5 10 15
Cys Arg Cys Ser Asp Gly Gly
20
Claims (10)
1.一种剂型,包含:
(1)一个第一合成纳米载体群,这些合成纳米载体具有一种或多种结合到它们上的第一抗原,
(2)一种或多种没有结合到这些合成纳米载体上的第二抗原,以及
(3)一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的剂型,进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的合成纳米载体上。
3.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括嵌段共聚物,特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;I型干扰素类;poly I:C;细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;或者包括CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种Toll样受体2、3、4、7、8或9的激动剂。
5.如权利要求2至4中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种结合的佐剂包括一种咪唑并喹啉或氧代腺嘌呤(oxoadenine)。
6.如权利要求5所述的剂型,其中该咪唑并喹啉包括瑞喹莫德或咪喹莫特。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的剂型,进一步包括一种或多种佐剂,这些佐剂没有结合到该第一合成纳米载体群的合成纳米载体上。
8.如权利要求7所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括模式识别受体的刺激剂类或激动剂类、矿物盐类、明矾、与肠细菌(MPL)的单磷酰脂质(monphosphoryllipid)A结合的明矾、ASl5、皂苷类、QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOMs、ISCOMATRIXTM、MF59TM、AS02、脂质体类和脂质体配制品、AS01、合成的或特别制备的微粒和微载体、淋病奈瑟球菌(N.gonorrheae)或沙眼衣原体的源于细菌的外膜泡、壳聚糖颗粒、储存形成剂(depot-forming agent)、嵌段共聚物、特异性修饰或制备的肽类、胞壁酰二肽、氨基烷基氨基葡糖苷4-磷酸酯类、RC529、细菌类毒素、毒素片段、Toll样受体2、3、4、5、7、8、9和/或其组合的激动剂类;腺嘌呤衍生物类;免疫刺激DNA;免疫刺激RNA;咪唑并喹啉胺类、咪唑并吡啶胺类、6,7-稠合环烷基咪唑并吡啶胺类、1,2-桥接咪唑并喹啉胺类;咪喹莫特;瑞喹莫德;DC表面分子CD40的激动剂;I型干扰素类;聚肌胞苷酸(poly I:C);细菌脂多糖(LPS);VSV-G;HMGB-1;鞭毛蛋白或其部分或衍生物;包含CpG的免疫刺激DNA分子;从坏死细胞释放的促炎刺激物;尿酸盐结晶;活化的补体级联成分;活化的免疫复合物成分;补体受体激动剂类;细胞因子类;或者细胞因子受体激动剂类。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种没有结合的佐剂包括明矾、AS01、AS02、AS04、AS15、MPL、QS-21、皂苷、或者包含CpG的免疫刺激核酸。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的剂型,其中该一种或多种第一抗原与该一种或多种第二抗原是相同的。
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CN201611271086.7A Pending CN107029222A (zh) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | 合成纳米载体联合疫苗 |
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CN201611150052.2A Pending CN107080839A (zh) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-05-26 | 多价的合成纳米载体疫苗 |
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