JP5965844B2 - 高いガラス転移温度または高分子量のコポリマーを有する治療用ポリマーナノ粒子組成物 - Google Patents
高いガラス転移温度または高分子量のコポリマーを有する治療用ポリマーナノ粒子組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、それぞれが全体として参照により本明細書に援用される、2009年12月15日出願の米国特許出願第61/286,559号、2010年2月22日出願の米国特許出願第61/306,729号、2010年10月22日出願の米国特許出願第61/405,778号、2009年12月16日出願の米国特許出願第61/286,831号、および2009年12月16日出願の米国特許出願第61/286,897号への優先権を主張する。
概要
一態様において、本発明の開示内容は、ガラス転移温度約37〜約50℃を有する多数のナノ粒子を含む医薬水性懸濁液であって、そのナノ粒子のそれぞれが、治療薬と、少なくとも1つの疎水性部分と少なくとも1つの親水性部分を有するブロックコポリマーと、を含む医薬水性懸濁液を提供する。治療薬は、ドセタキセルなどのタキサン剤とすることができる。疎水性部分は、例えばポリ(D,L−乳酸)およびポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)から選択することができる。親水性部分は、例えばポリ(エチレン)グリコールから選択することができる。ナノ粒子はさらに、ポリ(D,L−乳酸)またはポリ(乳酸)−co−ポリ(グリコール酸)を含むことができる。
開示のナノ粒子は、抗腫瘍薬、例えばタキサン剤(例えば、ドセタキセル)などの作用薬を約0.1〜約40重量%、0.2〜約35重量%、約3〜約40重量%、約5〜約30重量%、10〜約30重量%、15〜25重量%、またはさらには約4〜約25重量%含むことができる。
「治療」とは、症状、疾患、障害等が改善する結果となる、いずれかの効果、例えば緩和、低減、調節または除去を含む。
「薬剤的にまたは薬理学的に許容可能な」とは、動物またはヒトに適宜投与された場合に、副反応、アレルギーまたは他の有害な反応を生じさせない分子的実体および組成物を説明するものである。ヒトに投与する場合、製剤は、生物学的製剤基準(Biologics standards)のFDA事務局によって必要とされる無菌性、発熱性、一般的安全性および純度基準を満たさなければならない。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書で開示されるナノ粒子は、ポリマーのマトリックスと、治療薬とを含む。
ポリマー、例えば、コポリマーを含むナノ粒子が、本明細書において意図される。種々の分子量のポリマーが、本明細書において企図され、例えばポリマーの重量は、粒子分解速度、溶解性、水の取込み、および薬物放出キネティクスに影響するかもしれない。ポリマーの分子量は、治療される被検者において粒子が妥当な期間(数時間から、1〜2週、3〜4週、5〜6週、7〜8週等の範囲)内に生分解するように調節することができる。例えば、開示の粒子は、PLAとPEGまたはPLGAとPEGのコポリマーを含み、そのPLAまたはPLGA部分は、数平均分子量約30〜約90kDaまたは約40〜約90kDaを有すことができ、PEG部分は、分子量約4〜約6kDaを有していてもよい。例示的な実施形態において、PLAまたはPLGA部分は、数平均分子量30kDa、50kDa、65kDa、または80kDaを有していてもよい。PEG部分は、分子量約5kDa、約6、7、8、または9kDa、または約lOkDaを有していてもよい。
任意の標的化部位、つまり生物学的実体、例えば、膜成分、細胞表面受容体、前立腺に特異的な膜抗原等と結合または会合することができる部位を含むことができる。ナノ粒子が本明細書において提供される。粒子の表面上に存在する標的化部位は、粒子が特定の標的化部位、例えば、腫瘍、患部、組織、臓器、細胞型等に局在化することを可能にする。ナノ粒子はそれ自体が、「標的特異的」である。次に、薬物または他のペイロードは、場合によっては、その粒子から放出され、特定の標的化部位と局所的に相互作用することが可能となる。
によって表され、かつその鏡像異性体、立体異性体、回転異性体、互変異性体、ジアステレオ異性体、またはラセミ化合物を含む。
本発明に従って、例えば、治療薬(例えば抗癌剤)、診断剤(例えば造影剤;放射性核種;および蛍光、発光、および磁性部位)、予防薬(例えばワクチン)、および/または栄養補助剤(例えばビタミン、ミネラル等)を含むいずれかの作用物質が、開示のナノ粒子によって送達される。本発明に従って送達される例示的な作用物質としては、限定されないが、小分子(例えば細胞毒性剤)、核酸(例えば、siRNA、RNAiおよびmiRNA剤)、タンパク質(例えば、抗体)、ペプチド、脂質、炭水化物、ホルモン、金属、放射性元素および化合物、薬物、ワクチン、免疫剤等、および/またはその組み合わせが挙げられる。一部の実施形態において、送達される作用物質は、癌(たとえば、乳癌、肺癌または前立腺癌)の治療に有用な作用物質である。
、インターフェロンα−N3、インターフェロンβ−IA、インターフェロンγ−IB、インターフェロン、インターロイキン、イオベングアン、ヨードドキソルビシン、イプロプラツム、イリノテカン、イリノテカン塩酸塩、イロプラクト、イルソグラジン、イソベンガゾール、イソホモハリコンドリンB、イタセトロン、ジャスプラキノリド、カハラリドF、ラメラリン−Nトリアセテート、ランレオチド、酢酸ランレオチド、レイナマイシン、レノグラスチム、硫酸レンチナン、レプトールスタチン、レトロゾール、白血病抑制因子、白血球αインターフェロン、酢酸ロイプロリド、ロイプロリド/エストロゲン/プロゲステロン、リュープリン、レバミソール、リアロゾール、リアロゾール塩酸塩、直鎖状ポリアミン類似体、親油性二糖ペプチド、親油性白金化合物、リソクリナミド、ロバプラチン、ロンブリシン、ロメトレキソール、ロメトレキソールナトリウム、ロムスチン、ロニダミン、ロソキサントロン、ロソキサントロン塩酸塩、ロバスタチン、ロキソリビン、ルルトテカン、ルテチウムテキサフィリン、リソフィリン、溶解性ペプチド、マイタンシン、マンノスタチンA、マリマスタット、マソプロコール、マスピン、マトリリシン阻害剤、マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤、マイタンシン、メクロレタミン塩酸塩、酢酸メゲストロール、酢酸メレンゲストロール、メルファラン、メノガリル、メルバロン、メルカプトプリン、メテレリン、メチオニナーゼ、メトトレキサート、メトトレキサートナトリウム、メトクロプラミド、メトプリン、メツレデパ、微細藻類プロテインキナーゼC阻害剤、MIF阻害剤、ミフェプリストン、ミルテホシン、ミリモスチム、ミスマッチ二本鎖RNA、ミチンドミド、ミトカルシン、ミトクロミン、ミトギリン、ミトグアゾン、ミトラクトール、ミトマルシン、ミトマイシン、ミトマイシン類似体、ミトナフィド、ミトスペル、ミトタン、ミトトキシン線維芽細胞成長因子サポリン、ミトキサントロン、塩ミトキサントロン塩酸塩、モファロテン、モルグラモスチム、モノクローナル抗体、ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン、モノホスホリル脂質a/ミオバクテリウム細胞壁SK、モピダモール、多剤耐性遺伝子阻害剤、MTS(multiple tumor suppressor)1ベースの療法、マスタード系抗癌剤、マイカペルオキシドB、マイコバクテリア細胞壁抽出物、ミコフェノール酸、ミリアポロン、N−アセチルジナリン、ナファレリン、ナグレスチップ、ナロキソン/ペンタゾシン、ナパビン、ナフテルピン、ナルトグラスチム、ネダプラチン、ネモルビシン、ネリドロン酸、中性エンドペプチダーゼ、ニルタミド、ニサマイシン、一酸化窒素修飾因子、ニトロキシド酸化防止剤、ニトルリン、ノコダゾール、ノガラマイシン、N−置換ベンズアミド、O6−ベンジルグアニン、オクトレオチド、オキセノン、オリゴヌクレオチド、オナプリストン、オンダンセトロン、オラシン、経口サイトカイン誘導物質、オルマプラチン、オサテロン、オキサリプラチン、オキサウノマイシン、オキシスラン、パクリタキセル、パクリタキセル類似体、パクリタキセル誘導体、パラウアミン、パルミトイルリゾキシン、パミドロン酸、パナキシトリオール、パノミフェン、パラバクチン、パゼリプチン、ペガスパルガーゼ、ペルデシン、ペリオマイシン、ペンタムスチン、ペントサンポリ硫酸ナトリウム、ペントスタチン、ペントロゾール、硫酸ペプロマイシン、ペルフルブロン、ペルホスファミド、ペリリルアルコール、フェナジノマイシン、酢酸フェニル、ホスファターゼ阻害剤、ピシバニール、ピロカルピン塩酸塩、ピポブロマン、ピポスルファン、ピラルビシン、ピリトレキシム、ピロキサントロンン塩酸塩、プラセチンA、プラセチンB、プラスミノゲン活性化因子阻害剤、白金錯体、白金化合物、白金−トリアミン錯体、プリカマイシン、プロメスタン、ポルフィマーナトリウム、ポルフィロマイシン、プレドニムスチン、プロカルバジン塩酸塩、プロピルビスアクリドン、プロスタグランジンJ2、前立腺癌抗アンドロゲン、プロテアソーム阻害剤、プロテインAベースの免疫修飾物質、プロテインキナーゼC阻害剤、タンパク質チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤、プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ阻害剤、ピューロマイシン、ピューロマイシン塩酸塩、プルプリン、ピラゾロアクリジン、ピリドキシル化ヘモグロビンポリオキシエチレン抱合体、RAFアンタゴニスト、ラルチトレキセド、ラモセトロン、RASファルネシルタンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤、RAS阻害剤、RAS−GAP阻害剤、脱メチル化レテリプチン、レニウムRE186エチドロネート、リゾキシン、リボプリン、リボザイム、RHレチナミド、RNAi、ログレチミド、ロヒツキン、ロムルチド、ロキニメクス、ルビギノンB1、ルボキシル、サフィンゴール、サフィンゴール塩酸塩、サイントピン、SarCNU、サルコフィトールA、サルグラモスチム、SDI1ミメティクス(mimetics)、セムスチン、老化由来阻害剤1、センスオリゴヌクレオチド、シグナル伝達阻害剤、シグナル伝達修飾物質、シムトラゼン、単鎖抗原結合性タンパク質、シゾフィラン、ソブゾキサン、ボロカプタートナトリウム、フェニル酢酸ナトリウム、ソルベロール、ソマトメジン結合性タンパク質、ソネルミン、スパルホサートナトリウム、スパルホス酸、スピカマイシンD、スピロゲルマニウム塩酸塩、スピロムスチン、スピロプラチン、スプレノペンチン、スポンジスタチン1、スクアラミン、幹細胞阻害剤、幹細胞分裂阻害剤、スチピアミド、ストレプトニグリン、ストレプトゾシン、ストロメライシン阻害剤、スルフィノシン、スロフェヌル、超活性血管作動性腸管ペプチドアンタゴニスト、スラジスタ、スラミン、スワインソニン、合成グリコサミノグリカン、タリソマイシン、タリムスチン、タモキシフェンメチオジド、タウロムスチン、タザロテン、テコガランナトリウム、テガフル、テルラピリリウム、テロメラーゼ阻害剤、テロキサントロン塩酸塩、テモポルフィン、テモゾロミド、テニポシド、テロキシロン、テストラクトン、テトラクロロデカオキシド、テトラゾミン、タリブラスチン、タリドミド、チアミプリン、チオコラリン、チオグアニン、チオテパ、トロンボポエチン、トロンボポエチン模倣薬(mimetic)、チマルファシン、チモポイエチン受容体アゴニスト、チモトリナン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン、チアゾフリン、スズエチルエチオプルプリン、チラパザミン、二塩化チタノセン、トポテカン塩酸塩、トプセンチン、トレミフェン、クエン酸トレミフェン、全能性幹細胞因子、翻訳阻害剤、酢酸テストステロン、トレチノイン、トリアセチルウリジン、トリシリビン、リン酸トリシリビン、トリメトレキサート、グルクロン酸トリメトレキサート、トリプトレリン、トロピセトロン、ツブロゾール塩酸塩、ツロステリド、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、チルホスチン、UBC阻害剤、ウベニメクス、ウラシルマスタード、ウレデパ、尿生殖洞由来成長抑制因子、ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト、バプレオチド、バリオリンB、ベラレソール、ベラミン、ベルジン、ベルテポルフィン、硫酸ビンブラスチン、硫酸ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、硫酸ビンデシン、硫酸ビネピジン、硫酸ビングリシネート、硫酸ビンリューロシン、ビノレルビン、酒石酸ビノレルビン、硫酸ビンロシジン、ビンキサルチン、硫酸ビンゾリジン、ビタキシン、ボロゾール、ザノテロン、ゼニプラチン、ジラスコルブ、ジノスタチン、ジノスタチンスチマラマーまたはゾルビシン塩酸塩酸塩であることができる。
一部の実施形態において、開示のナノ粒子は、1種または複数種のポリマーを含む溶液を提供し、ポリマー非溶媒とその溶液を接触させて粒子を製造することによって形成される。その溶液は、ポリマー非溶媒と混和性または不混和性であることができる。例えば、アセトニトリルなどの水混和性液体は、ポリマーを含有することができ、例えば、制御速度でアセトニトリルを水に注ぐことによって、アセトニトリルが、水、ポリマー非溶媒と接触すると粒子が形成される。その溶液中に含有されるポリマーは、ポリマー非溶媒と接触させると沈殿し、ナノ粒子などの粒子を形成する。2つの液体は、一方の液体が、周囲温度および圧力にて、少なくとも10重量%のレベルでもう一方の液体に可溶性ではない場合に、互いに「不混和性」である、または混和性ではないと言われる。一般に、有機溶液(例えば、ジクロロメタン、アセトニトリル、クロロホルム、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、ホルムアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ピリジン、ジオキサン、ジメチルスルホキシド等)および水性液(例えば、水、または溶解塩もしくは他の種、細胞、または生物学的媒体、エタノールを含有する水等)は互いに対して不混和性である。例えば、第1溶液を第2溶液に注ぐことができる(適切な割合または速度で)。場合によっては、ナノ粒子などの粒子は、第1溶液が不混和性第2液体と接触した時に形成され、例えば、第1溶液が第2液体に注がれると同時に、接触によるポリマーの沈殿によって、ポリマーがナノ粒子を形成し、場合によっては、例えば、導入の速度を注意深くコントロールし、比較的遅い速度で維持した場合に、ナノ粒子を形成することができる。かかる粒子形成のコントロールは、単なる通常の実験を用いて当業者によって容易に最適化することができる。
本発明の開示内容の他の態様に従って、本明細書で開示されるナノ粒子を医薬的に許容される担体と組み合わせて、医薬組成物が形成される。当業者には理解されるように、担体は、以下に記載の投与経路、標的組織の位置、送達される薬物、薬物送達の時間経過等に基づいて選択される。
本明細書で開示されるナノ粒子を医薬的に許容される担体と合わせて、医薬組成物を形成することができる。当業者には理解されるように、担体は、以下に記載の投与経路、標的組織の位置、送達される薬物、薬物送達の時間経過等に基づいて選択される。
この開示内容は一部、水性懸濁液中の薬物ローディングされたナノ粒子のガラス転移温度(Tg)を測定することによって、ナノ粒子からの薬物放出の速度を予測かつコントロールする方法に関する。例えば、懸濁条件下での測定には、静脈内投与した場合の血流におけるナノ粒子の化学組成および物理的性質を操作する必要がある。ナノ粒子製剤は、ナノ粒子のTgに基づいて所望の薬物放出速度を示すようにデザインすることもできる。
a)第1治療薬、少なくとも1つの疎水性部分と少なくとも1つの親水性部分を有する第1ブロックコポリマー、任意にポリ(D,L−乳酸)またはポリ(乳酸)−co−ポリ(グリコール酸)を含む少なくとも1種類の第1多数ポリマーナノ粒子を提供する工程;
b)その少なくとも1種類の第1多数ポリマーナノ粒子のナノ粒子ガラス転移温度を決定する工程;
c)その少なくとも1種類の第1多数ポリマーナノ粒子からの薬物放出速度を決定する工程;
d)ナノ粒子ガラス転移温度と、その少なくとも1種類の第1多数ポリマーナノ粒子からの薬物放出速度との相関性を決定する工程;
を含む方法を提供する。
e)第2治療薬、少なくとも1つの疎水性部分と少なくとも1つの親水性部分を有する第2ブロックコポリマー、任意にポリ(D,L−乳酸)またはポリ(乳酸)−co−ポリ(グリコール酸)を含む少なくとも1種類の第2多数ポリマーナノ粒子を提供する工程であって、第2治療薬および第2ブロックコポリマーが第1治療薬および第1ブロックコポリマーと同一であっても異なっていてもよい工程;
f)その少なくとも1種類の第2多数ポリマーナノ粒子のナノ粒子ガラス転移温度を決定する工程;
g)その少なくとも1種類の第2多数ポリマーナノ粒子のナノ粒子ガラス転移温度および工程d)で決定される相関性に基づく、少なくとも1種類の第2多数ポリマーナノ粒子の薬物放出速度を予測する工程;
を含む。
第1および/または第2治療薬は、ドセタキセルなどのタキサン剤とすることができる。
ii)懸濁液のガラス転移温度を決定する工程;
iii)第1多数ポリマーナノ粒子におけるホモポリマーの量を増加または低減する工程;
iv)所望のガラス転移温度を有する懸濁液が得られるまで、工程i)〜iii)を繰り返す工程;
を含む、ナノ粒子懸濁液をスクリーニングする方法(例えば、治療薬の所定の放出速度を同定するために)も、本明細書で提供される。
a)治療薬、少なくとも1つの疎水性部分と少なくとも1つの親水性部分を有するブロックコポリマー、任意にポリ(D,L−乳酸)またはポリ(乳酸)−co−ポリ(グリコール酸)から選択されるホモポリマーを含むナノ粒子を有する複数種の懸濁液を別々に調製する工程であって、各懸濁液が、別個のコンパートメントにあり、各懸濁液が、所定の分子量のブロックコポリマーと、存在する場合には、所定の分子量のホモポリマーを含む、工程;
b)懸濁液それぞれのガラス転移温度を決定する工程;
c)所定のガラス転移温度を有する懸濁液を同定する工程;
を含む方法が本明細書において提供される。
この合成は、マクロ開始剤としてのα−ヒドロキシ−ω−メトキシポリ(エチレングリコール)とD,L−ラクチドとの開環重合によって達成され、以下に示されるように触媒としてスズ(II)2−エチルヘキサノエートを使用して高温にて行われる(PEG Mn約5,000Da;PLA Mn約16,000Da;PEG−PLA Mn約21,000Da)。
ドセタキセル(DTXL)とポリマー(ホモポリマー、コポリマー、および/またはリガンドを有するコポリマー)との混合物で構成される有機相が形成される。有機相は、約1:5の比(油相:水相)で水相と混合され、水相は、界面活性剤および一部溶解された溶媒で構成される。高い薬物ローディングを達成するために、有機相中に固形分約30%が使用される。単に混合して(撹拌子)、またはローターステーター・ホモジナイザーを使用して、2つの相を合わせることによって、最初の粗いエマルジョンが形成される。次いで、高圧ホモジナイザーを使用して、最初のエマルジョンが微細エマルジョンへと形成される。一般に、9000psigにて100ミクロンZチャンバに1〜3回通過させて、標的粒子サイズを有するエマルジョンが生成される。
TA Instruments Q200またはTzero(T0)技術を備えたTA Instruments Q2000熱流束DSCを使用して、ナノ粒子およびそのポリマー成分のガラス転移温度を測定した。試料皿(ナノ粒子懸濁液20〜70μLまたはポリマー3〜10mgのいずれかを含有する)および標準物質皿(空の試料皿で構成される)を昇温速度10℃(または20℃)/分にて4〜70℃に加熱した。高純度乾燥窒素を使用して、分析中に炉をパージした。
水性懸濁液中の薬物ローディングされたナノ粒子を製造する一般的なエマルジョン手順を以下に示す(ショ糖30重量%、粒子重量に対して薬物を約10重量%含有するポリマーナノ粒子3〜6重量%)。ポリマー24%およびドセタキセル(DTXL)6%を含む固形分30%(重量%)で構成される有機相が形成される。有機溶媒は、酢酸エチル(EA)およびベンジルアルコール(BA)であり、BAは、有機相の21%(重量%)を占める。有機相は、約1:2(油相:水相)の比で水相と混合され、その水相は、水中のコール酸ナトリウム0.5%、BA2%、およびEA4%(重量%)で構成される。単に混合して、またはローターステーター・ホモジナイザーを使用して、2つの相を合わせることによって、最初のエマルジョンが形成される。次いで、高圧ホモジナイザーを使用して、最初のエマルジョンが微細エマルジョンへと形成される。次いで、微細エマルジョンは、混合しながら脱イオン水の冷却クエンチ(0〜5℃)に添加することによってクエンチされる。クエンチ:エマルジョン比は約10:1である。次いで、Tween80 35%(重量%)の溶液をクエンチに添加し、全体でTween80約4%が達成される。次いで、限外濾過/ダイアフィルトレーションによって、ナノ粒子を単離し、濃縮する。
2つの技術、動的光散乱(DLS)およびレーザー回折(LD)によって、粒径を分析した。90度で散乱される660nmレーザーを使用して、希釈水性懸濁液中で25℃にてBrookhaven ZetaPals装置を使用して、DLSを行い、キュミュラント(一般的に)およびNNLS法を用いて解析した。90度で散乱される、633nmのHeNeレーザーおよび405nmのLEDの両方、またはAccusizer SPOSを使用して、希釈水性懸濁液中でHoribaLS950装置でレーザー回折を行い、Mie optical modelを使用して解析した。
熱流束DSCを使用して、水性懸濁液中のナノ粒子のガラス転移温度(Tg)を決定した。10℃/分または20℃/分の一定加熱速度で試料を4〜70℃に加熱した。この温度範囲の大部分において水蒸気圧が比較的高いために、水蒸気の漏れを防ぐため、気密封止皿で分析を行った。
水における薬物(ドセタキセル)溶解性に関して沈降条件下にて、ナノ粒子から放出される薬物の速度を生体外で決定した。薬物可溶化剤として放出媒体として、ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン(HP−βCD)を含有するリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)溶液を使用して、生理学的pHおよびイオン強度で実験を行った。
「迅速」、「通常」、「徐」放出性システムにおけるナノ粒子ガラス転移温度の役割をさらに試験するために、37℃以外の3通りの温度で薬物放出速度を試験した。これらの温度は、32℃、つまり最低開始温度(Tb)よりも3〜5℃低い温度、および52℃、最高転移最終温度(Te)よりも3〜5℃高い温度を含んだ。さらに、放出速度を25℃で決定し、3種すべてのナノ粒子システムのTgよりもかなり下回る温度で挙動を確認した。
以下の配合:理論的薬物10%(w/w)およびポリマー−PEG(16−5、30−5、50−5、または80−5 PLA−PEG)90%(w/w)を用いて、種々のPLA−PEGコポリマーを含むドセタキセルナノ粒子を製造する。全固形分%=20%である。使用される溶媒は、ベンジルアルコール21%および酢酸エチル79%(w/w)である。1グラムのバッチサイズに関して、薬物100mgをポリマー−PEG(16−5、30−5、50−5、または80−5 PLA−PEG)900mgと混合する。
以下の配合:理論的薬物30%(w/w)およびポリマー−PEG(16/5、30−5、50−5、65−5、または80−5 PLA−PEG)70%(w/w)を用いて、種々のPLA−PEGコポリマーを含むボルテゾミブナノ粒子を製造する。全固形分%=20%である。使用される溶媒は、ベンジルアルコール21%および酢酸エチル79%(w/w)である。1グラムのバッチサイズに関して、薬物300mgをポリマー−PEG(16/5、30−5、50−5、65−5、または80−5 PLA−PEG)700mgと混合する。
以下の配合:理論的薬物20%(w/w)およびポリマー−PEG(16/5または50−5 PLA−PEG)80%(w/w)を用いて、16−5または50−5 PLA−PEGコポリマを含むビノレルビンナノ粒子を製造する。16−5 PLA−PEGを含むナノ粒子では:全固形分%=20%であり;50−5 PLA−PEGを含むナノ粒子では:全固形分%=30%である。すべてのナノ粒子に関して、使用される溶媒は、ベンジルアルコール21%および酢酸エチル79%(w/w)である。
以下の配合:理論的薬物20%(w/w)およびポリマー−PEG(16/5または50−5 PLA−PEG)80%(w/w)を用いて、16−5または50−5 PLA−PEGコポリマーを含むビンクリスチンナノ粒子を製造する。16−5 PLA−PEGを含むナノ粒子では:全固形分%=40%であり;50−5 PLA−PEGを含むナノ粒子では:全固形分%=20%である。すべてのナノ粒子に関して、使用される溶媒は、ベンジルアルコール21%および酢酸エチル79%(w/w)である。
以下の配合:理論的薬物17%(w/w)およびポリマー−PEG(16/5または50−5 PLA−PEG)83%(w/w)を用いて、塩化メチレン中ポリマー濃度20%(w/w)にて、16−5または50−5 PLA−PEGコポリマーを含むベンダムスチンHClナノ粒子を製造する。ベンダムスチンHClを1:1の比でテトラフェニルホウ酸ナトリウムで錯体化する。全固形分%=40%である。使用される溶媒は、ベンジルアルコール32%および塩化メチレン68%(w/w)である。
以下の配合:
理論的薬物10%(w/w)
ポリマー−PEG、16−5 PLA−PEGまたは50−5 PLA−PEG90%(w/w)
全固形分%=20%
溶媒:ベンジルアルコール21%、酢酸エチル79%(w/w)
を用いて、エポチロンBナノ粒子を製造した。
ナノ粒子からのエポチロンBの生体外放出を決定するために、ナノ粒子をPBS放出媒体に懸濁し、37℃の水浴でインキュベートした。試料を特定の時点で収集した。超遠心分離法を用いて、ナノ粒子から放出薬物を分離した。
別段の指定がない限り、以下のようにすべてのブデソニドバッチを製造した。薬物およびポリマー(16/5 PLA−PEG)成分を油相有機溶媒システム、一般に酢酸エチル(EA)70%およびベンジルアルコール(BA)30%に固形分20または30重量%で溶解した。水相は主に、界面活性剤としてのコール酸ナトリウム(SC)と共に、ベンジルアルコール2%および酢酸エチル4%で予め飽和された水からなる。油相:水相比1:5または1:10にてローターステーター均質化の下で、油相を水相に加えることによって、粗いO/W型エマルジョンを調製した。100μmZ相互作用チャンバを介して9000psiにてマイクロフルイディクス高圧ホモジナイザー(一般にM110S pneumatic)を通して、その粗いエマルジョンを処理することによって、微細エマルジョンを調製した。次いで、クエンチ:エマルジョン比10:1または5:1にて、エマルジョンを脱イオン水クエンチ中にクエンチした。次いで、ポリソルベート80(Tween80)をプロセス可溶化剤として添加し、未封入薬物を可溶化した。次いで、限外濾過に続いてダイアフィルトレーションでバッチを処理し、溶媒、未封入薬物および可溶化剤を除去した。このプロセスを図1および2に図示する。
以下のパラメーターを変化させることによってQ:E比を変化させて(5:1、15:1および30:1);初期[ブデソニド]を10%に低減することによって「固形分」を30%に増加して;界面活性剤を0.5%に低減することによって粒径を増加して;様々な薬物ローディングを有するナノ粒子を作製した。
実施例16の基本手順および以下のパラメーターを用いて、ナノ粒子の種々のバッチを調製した。
固形分40%で中MWのPLA(IV(インヘレント粘度)=0.3)を有する16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号52−198
[固形分]40%、薬物10%を有し、酢酸エチル/ベンジルアルコール(60/40)を使用した16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号58−27−1
[固形分]40%、[薬物]5%を有する16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号58−27−2
固形分40%で高MWのPLA(IV=0.6〜0.8)を有する16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号41−171−A
DSPE−PEG(2k)を有する高MWのPLA(IV=0.6〜0.8):バッチ番号41−171−Bおよび61−8−B
固形分75%で高MWのPLA(IV=0.6〜0.8)を有する16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号41−176
固形分75%および50%でドープされた高MWのPLA(IV=0.6〜0.8)を有する16/5 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号41−183−AおよびB
インヘレント粘度0.3を有する、中MWのPLAは、Surmodics(aka Lakeshore(LS))から入手した。16/5 PLA−PEGは、Boehringer Ingelheim(バッチ41−176)またはPolymer Source(バッチ41−183)から入手した。Mn80kDa、Mw124kDaを有する高MWのPLAはSurmodicsから入手した。
各バッチの生体外放出を図21に示す。注:1時間の時点でのバッチ41−171−Aは、遠心されていない試料の1つによって生じたアウトライヤーであり、極端に低い読み取り値である。バッチ41−171−B(脂質製剤)と41−183−A(高MWのPLA)のどちらも、2時間の時点で50%以下の薬物放出を示し、他の製剤は2時間以内に70〜100%を放出していた。
10gバッチを調製し、バッチ41−176および41−183−Aで見られる薬物ローディングおよび放出を確認しただけでなく、動物研究用の材料も得た。粒径は183nmであり、薬物ローディングは5.03%であった。水相[界面活性剤]を除いては、製剤およびプロセスのパラメーターを直線的に倍率変更した。以下の表Hは、バッチ間の主要な差を列挙する。
0時点にて、ラット(頚静脈にカニューレが挿入された雄のSDラット,約300g)に、ブデソニドまたはブデソニド封入受動的標的化ナノ粒子(PTNP)(実施例16で製造された)を0.5mg/kgで単回静脈内投与した。投与後の様々な時点で、頚静脈カニューレから、リチウムヘパリンを含有するチューブに血液試料を採取し、血漿を調製した。血漿からブデソニドを抽出し、続いてLCMS分析によって、血漿レベルを決定した。このPK研究からの結果を図23に示す。
炎症の有効性モデルとして炎症性腸疾患(IBD)のモデルでブデソニドおよびブデソニドPTNPを比較した。このモデルでは、雌のラットに24時間間隔にてインドメタシン8mg/kgで2回皮下投与し、小腸においてクローン病で発生する病変と似ている病変を誘発した。インドメタシン処置の1日前(−1日目)に、賦形剤、ブデソニド(0.02、0.2または2mg/kg)またはブデソニドPTNP(0.02、0.2または2mg/kg)の静脈内投与による毎日の処置、またはデキサメタゾン(0.1mg/kg)の経口投与による毎日の処置を開始し、合計5日間(−1日〜3日)続けた。動物を4日目に安楽死させ、小腸内のリスクのある10cm領域に、肉眼での病態についてスコアをつけ、計量した。
実施例16の基本手順に従って、以下のようにLA−PEGコポリマーと共にブデソニドからナノ粒子を形成した:
50/5 PLA−PEG:(PLA Mw=50;PEG Mw=5);バッチ番号55−106−A
50/5 PLA−PEGおよび高MW(75Mn PLA:バッチ番号55−106−B
80/10 PLA−PEG:バッチ番号55−106−A
80/10 PLA−PEGおよび高MW PLA:55−106−B
バッチBおよびDは、ポリマー全体の50%でドープされた高MWの75Mn PLAを有した。表Jは薬物ローディング重量%を示す:
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Claims (23)
- a)(i)3〜40重量%の治療薬と、(ii)40〜90重量%の少なくとも1つの疎水性部分を有するブロックコポリマーとを含むポリマーナノ粒子を含む第1水性懸濁液を、複数、別々に調製し、前記ブロックコポリマーは、ポリ(D,L−乳酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマーまたはポリ(乳酸)−コポリ(グリコール酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマーを有し、
b)前記各第1水性懸濁液のナノ粒子のガラス転移温度を測定し、
c)工程b)でのガラス転移温度が37℃以下であれば、前記各第1水性懸濁液のブロックコポリマーの疎水性部分の量又は分子量を変更し、
d)37〜50℃のガラス転移温度の第2水性懸濁液となるまで工程b)及びc)を繰り返すことを含む、所望の薬物放出速度プロファイルを備える治療用ポリマーナノ粒子組成物を決定する方法。 - e)生体外溶解試験を用いて、前記第2の水性懸濁液の薬物放出速度を確認する工程をさらに含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記治療薬がタキサン剤である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記タキサン剤がドセタキセルである請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ブロックコポリマーのポリ(D,L−乳酸)部分が、重量平均分子量16kDaを有し、かつ前記ブロックコポリマーのポリ(エチレン)グリコール部分が、重量平均分子量5kDaを有する請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記薬物放出速度が、4時間の時点で測定された生体外溶解試験において、前記第1治療薬の約50%未満である請求項1から5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記薬物放出速度が、4時間時点で測定された生体外溶解試験において前記第1治療薬の約70〜約100%である請求項1から5のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス転移温度が、変調型示差走査熱量測定(MDSC)によって測定される請求項1から7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記ガラス転移温度が、温度変調型示差走査熱量測定(MTDSC)によって測定される請求項1から7のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記生体外溶解試験は、生体外での懸濁および遠心を含む請求項2の方法。
- 前記治療薬が、ビンカアルカロイド、窒素マスタード剤、mTOR阻害剤、およびボロン酸エステルまたはペプチドボロン酸化合物からなる群から選択される請求項1から10のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 特定の放出速度を有する懸濁液を決定するためのナノ粒子懸濁液をスクリーニングする方法であって:
a)治療薬と、40〜90重量%の少なくとも1つの疎水性部分を有するブロックコポリマーと、任意にポリ(D,L−乳酸)又はポリ(乳酸)−コポリ(グリコール酸)から選択されるホモポリマーとを含むナノ粒子を有する複数の懸濁液を別々に調製し、
前記ブロックコポリマーは、
ポリ(D,L−乳酸)又はポリ(乳酸)−コポリ(グリコール酸)と
ポリ(エチレン)グリコール部分とを含み、
各懸濁液は、予め決められた分子量のブロックコポリマー又は予め決められた分子量のブロックポリマーとホモポリマーとを含み、
b)前記懸濁液それぞれのガラス転移温度を測定し、
c)予め決められたガラス転移温度を有する懸濁液を決定することにより、37〜39.5℃の予め決められたガラス転移温度を有する、特定の放出速度を有する懸濁液を決定することを含む方法。 - 治療用ナノ粒子の有効量を含む水性懸濁液を含有する固形腫瘍がん治療用組成物であって、
前記治療用ナノ粒子が、制癌剤4〜25重量%と、ポリ(D,L−乳酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマー40〜99重量%と、PLA−PEG−リガンド0.2〜10モル%とを含有し、前記水性懸濁液は39〜41℃のガラス転移温度を有する固形腫瘍がん治療用組成物。 - 薬物放出速度が、37℃にて4時間の時点で測定された生体外溶解試験において、前記制癌剤の50〜70%である請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記コポリマーの前記ポリエチレングリコール部分が、数平均分子量4〜6kDaを有する請求項13または14に記載の組成物。
- 前記コポリマーのポリ(D,L−乳酸)部分が、数平均分子量約16kDaを有し、かつ前記コポリマーのポリエチレングリコール部分が、数平均分子量5kDaを有する請求項13または14に記載の組成物。
- 前記制癌剤がタキサン剤である請求項13から15のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 前記タキサン剤がドセタキセルである請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 50〜90重量%のポリ(D,L−乳酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマーを含む請求項13から18のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 4〜25重量%の制癌剤と、50〜90重量%のポリ(D,L−乳酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマーと、0.2〜10重量%のターゲットリガンドに共有結合したポリ(乳酸)−ポリ(エチレン)グリコールコポリマーとを含む治療用ナノ粒子の治療有効量を含有する水性懸濁剤を含有し、該水性懸濁剤は39〜41℃のガラス得転移温度を有する固形腫瘍がん治療用組成物。
- 乳がん、卵巣がん、肺がん又は前立腺がんの治療用である請求項20又は21に記載の組成物。
- 治療用ナノ粒子は、80〜130nmの直径を有する請求項20から22のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
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EP2515942A2 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
ES2780156T3 (es) | 2020-08-24 |
EP2515942A4 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
WO2011084513A3 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
US9295649B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
EP2515942B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
US8518963B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
EA201290499A1 (ru) | 2013-01-30 |
US8912212B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
WO2011084513A2 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
JP2013514377A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
US20160356732A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
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