CN104571336B - 用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统和方法。例如,一种公开的方法包括:从传感器接收第一信号,所述第一信号和与图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联;接收和与所述图形用户界面的交互相关联的第二信号;至少部分地基于与图形用户界面的交互的模式和与图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉反馈效果;以及生成被配置成使得致动器输出触觉反馈效果的触觉信号。
Description
分案说明
本发明专利申请属于申请日为2009年7月14日的中国发明专利申请200980127923.0的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求以下的优先权:2008年7月15日提交的题为“Systems andMethods for Physics-Based Tactile Messaging”的美国临时专利申请No.61/080,978;2008年7月15日提交的题为“Systems and Methods for Mapping Message Contents toVirtual Physical Properties for Vibrotactile Messaging”的美国临时专利申请No.61/080,981;2008年7月15日提交的题为“Systems and Methods for Shifting SensorHaptic Feedback Function Between Passive and Active Modes”的美国临时专利申请No.61/080,985;2008年7月15日提交的题为“Systems and Methods for GestureIndication of Message Recipients”的美国临时专利申请No.61/080,987;2009年1月29日提交的题为“Systems and Methods for Pseudo-Telepresence in a Shared Space”的美国临时专利申请No.61/148,312;以及2009年5月26日提交的题为Systems and Methodsfor Transmitting Haptic Messages“的美国临时专利申请No.61/181,280,其全部内容通过引用的方式被并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及触觉反馈,并且更具体地涉及用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统和方法。
背景技术
在过去的几年中,所有类型的手持式设备的使用已呈指数增长。这些设备被用作便携式组织器、电话、音乐播放器、和游戏系统。许多现代手持式设备现在并入了某种类型的触觉反馈。随着触觉技术的进步,设备可以并入多个模式的触觉反馈。需要反馈模式之间的切换和选择的方式。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了用于在触觉反馈的有源和无源模式之间变换的系统和方法。例如,在一个实施例中,一种用于在触觉反馈的有源和无源模式之间变换的方法包括:从传感器接收第一信号,该第一信号和与图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联;接收和与所述图形用户界面的交互相关联的第二信号;至少部分地基于与所述图形用户界面的交互模式以及与所述图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉反馈效果;以及生成被配置成输出触觉反馈效果的触觉信号。在另一个实施例中,一种计算机可读介质包括用于执行此类方法的程序代码。
提及这些说明性实施例并不是为了限制或限定本发明,而是提供示例以帮助对本发明的理解。在提供本发明的进一步描述的具体实施方式中讨论了说明性实施例。可以通过研究本说明书来进一步理解由本发明的各种实施例提供的优点。
附图说明
当参考附图来阅读以下具体实施方式时,将更好地理解本发明的这些及其它特征、方面和优点,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统的框图;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的用于将消息内容映射到虚拟物理性质以进行振动触觉消息发送(vibrotactile messaging)的方法的流程图;
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的另一图示;
图4是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的另一图示;
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的又一图示;
图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的最后图示;以及
图7是根据本发明的一个实施例的可以显示的虚拟对象的图示。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例提供了用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统和方法。
在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的说明
本发明的一个说明性实施例包括消息发送设备(messaging device),诸如移动电话。在说明性实施例中,消息发送设备包括装配有Immersion公司的振动触觉反馈系统的Samsung SGH-i710移动计算机。在另一实施例中,所述消息发送设备包括也称为Immersion振动反馈系统的Immersion公司技术系统。可以利用其它消息发送设备和触觉反馈系统。
所述消息发送设备包括显示器、用户接口设备、存储器、以及与这些元件中的每一个通信的处理器。所述说明性消息发送设备还包括传感器和致动器,两者都与所述处理器通信。所述传感器被配置成感测与所述消息发送设备的用户交互,并且所述致动器被配置成输出触觉效果。
在说明性设备中,所述处理器接收和与消息发送设备的图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联的第一信号。所述处理器可以从诸如消息发送设备的外壳中的陀螺仪或加速度计的传感器接收第一信号。此类传感器可以被配置成检测用户何时移动或倾斜消息发送设备。然后,可以使设备的特定移动与交互的特定模式相关联,诸如无源或有源模式。例如,为了加入有源的交互模式,可以在预定方向上倾斜或旋转消息发送设备;为了切换到无源的交互模式,可以在相反方向上倾斜或旋转消息发送设备。
接下来,处理器从用户接口设备接收和与图形用户界面的交互相关联的第二信号。例如,处理器可以从诸如触摸屏的触摸敏感输入设备接收第二信号。交互可以采取许多形式。例如,用户可以刷、轻弹、摩擦、拖动、或以其他方式加入触摸屏显示以与在图形用户界面上显示的虚拟对象相交互。替代地,在已经选择交互的模式之后,用户可以倾斜、摇动、旋转、或移动消息发送设备以与图形用户界面相交互。在有源的交互模式下,刷或轻弹图形用户界面中的虚拟对象可以使得虚拟对象在图形用户界面内移动,同时处理器生成模式虚拟对象的重量的触觉信号。在无源的交互模式下,触摸虚拟对象可以使得处理器生成模拟虚拟对象的表面特征的触觉信号,诸如其纹理。表面的模拟可以采取振动或其它触觉反馈效果的形式。
在接收到两个信号之后,处理器至少部分地基于与图形用户界面的交互的模式和与图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉反馈效果。在说明性实施例中,第一信号与有源的交互模式相关联且第二信号和与在图形用户界面上显示的对象的用户交互相关联。用户的交互可以涉及在图形用户界面上移动虚拟对象。然后,处理器可以确定触觉反馈,这类似于图形用户界面中的虚拟对象与另一表面之间的碰撞。替代地,如果第一信号与无源的交互模式相关联且第二信号与虚拟对象上或附近的摩擦运动相关联,则处理器可以确定模拟虚拟对象的纹理的触觉反馈。最后,处理器生成被配置成使得致动器输出触觉效果的触觉信号。致动器接收触觉信号并例如通过摇动、晃动、或振动消息发送设备来生成触觉效果。
给出该说明性示例是为了向读者介绍本文所讨论的一般主题。本发明不限于该示例。以下部分描述用于在有源和无源模式之间变换触觉反馈模式的系统和方法的各种附加非限制性实施例和示例。
在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能
本文提出的本发明的实施例提供用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统和方法。现代手持式设备可以包括含多个反馈模式的能力。这些模式可以是基于移动的“有源模式”或基于纹理的“无源模式”。可以通过显示器在视觉上、使用扬声器在听觉上、或使用致动器在触觉上将反馈模式输出给用户。要求保护的本发明提供了用于在有源和无源的反馈模式之间切换的系统和方法。
例如,在包括加速度计和触摸屏的消息发送设备中,默认交互模式可以包括有源交互模式。在此类模式下,倾斜消息发送设备可以使得显示在用户界面上的虚拟对象看起来在滚动。响应于虚拟对象的移动,设备可以生成表示虚拟对象与其它表面之间的摩擦和撞击的触觉反馈。使用此类设备,用户还可以利用触摸屏来在用户界面内直接移动虚拟对象。用户可以倾斜消息发送设备以使得虚拟对象在图形用户界面上移动。或者,用户可以通过触摸图形用户界面来直接操纵虚拟对象。图形用户界面上的虚拟对象的移动使得致动器基于虚拟对象的摩擦概况(profile)来生成一个和多个触觉效果。
每个虚拟对象包括定义对象的大小、质量、形状、碰撞行为、和纹理中的一个或多个的虚拟物理参数。虚拟物理参数还可以包括对象的纹理和摩擦概况。纹理概况是包括定义在无源交互模式下对象对用户交互的反应的参数的数据存储。纹理概况可以进一步定义虚拟对象的表面特征。摩擦概况是包括定义在有源交互模式下虚拟对象对用户操纵及其与其它虚拟对象的交互的反应的参数的数据存储。摩擦概况可以另外定义其它性质,诸如虚拟高度、重量、密度等。当用户与虚拟对象相交互或虚拟对象与图形用户界面上的其它特征相交互时,该虚拟对象响应于该交互的移动和触觉反馈将至少部分地基于该虚拟对象的摩擦概况。例如,球可以具有使得球通过弹跳对交互进行响应的摩擦概况,而另一个球可以通过滚动进行响应。此外,密度大的重球可以缓慢地移动,并且对界面内的表面具有硬的冲击;而较轻的低密度的球可以以更软的冲击快速地移动。虚拟对象可以是任何数目的形状中的一个,包括但不限于:珠、蛋、管、囊状物或盒。
虚拟对象可以表示数据类型。例如,虚拟对象可以表示设备内的视频文件。另外,被选择用于虚拟对象形状的形状可以将由虚拟对象表示的数据类型考虑在内。例如,表示图片的虚拟对象可以采取照相机的形状,而表示视频文件的虚拟对象可以采取光盘的形式。
虚拟对象可以包括标志物(token)。标志物是包括预定义参数的一种类型的虚拟对象。然后,用户可以定义标志物的特定实例的附加参数。例如,在一个实施例中,标志物可以包括为球的形式的虚拟对象,具有预定义摩擦和纹理概况。然后,用户可以定义附加特性,诸如球的大小和颜色。
处理器可以接收与不同交互模式相关联的变换或变化信号,并切换到无源交互模式。在无源交互模式下,触觉效果可以基于虚拟对象的纹理概况而不是摩擦概况。纹理概况是包含表示诸如纹理和张力的虚拟对象表面特征的数据的数据存储。当用户接触虚拟对象时,设备可以生成模拟对象表面的触觉效果。例如,虚拟对象可以具有由快速硬触觉脉冲指示的粗糙表面,而具有软表面的虚拟对象可以由稳定的柔和振动来指示。
在一些实施例中,可以将用户界面表示为被编程为并入物理模型的虚拟消息环境。在此类环境中,可以将电子消息显示为虚拟消息对象。虚拟消息对象的形式是包括并入了电子消息的数据存储的虚拟对象。虚拟消息对象可以包括定义对象的大小、质量、形状、碰撞行为、和纹理中的一个或多个的虚拟物理参数。虚拟物理参数还可以包括对象的纹理和摩擦概况。纹理概况是包括定义对象在无源交互模式下对用户交互的反应的参数的数据存储。纹理概况可以进一步定义虚拟对象的表面特征。摩擦概况是包括定义在有源交互模式下虚拟对象对用户操纵及其与其它虚拟对象的交互的反应的参数的数据存储。摩擦概况可以另外定义其它性质,诸如虚拟高度、重量、密度等。用户可以通过各种消息发送设备界面和传感器来操纵虚拟消息环境和虚拟消息对象,所述传感器诸如触摸屏、陀螺仪、GPS、或加速度计、或被配置成检测移动的其它传感器。
虚拟消息对象可以包括标志物。标志物是包括预定义参数的一种类型的虚拟对象。然后,用户可以定义标志物的特定实例的附加参数。例如,在一个实施例中,标志物可以包括为球的形式的虚拟对象,具有预定义摩擦和纹理概况。然后,用户可以定义该标志物的实例所包含的文本以及附加特性,诸如球的大小和颜色。
当用户与设备相交互时,传感器检测用户的移动并向处理器传送表示这些移动的信号。然后,处理器可以计算表示用户移动的位移和幅度的向量。然后,处理器可以将这些向量转换成作用于被包含在虚拟消息环境内的虚拟消息对象的虚拟力。如果消息被发送到触觉启用设备,则可以并入触觉效果作为消息的分量。例如,用户可以将软姿势(gesture)并入消息中。当接收者接收到该消息时,此软姿势可以被转换成指示消息不是紧急的软触觉效果。相反地,用户可以将硬姿势并入消息中,这将被转换成指示紧急消息的硬触觉力。类似于其它虚拟对象,虚拟消息对象可以具有纹理概况和摩擦概况两者,其可以用来计算触觉效果。
在一个实施例中,当用户希望在反馈模式之间切换时,姿势、位置、键、或其它控制被分配为用于交互模式的选择器。例如,用户可以使用特定姿势来在有源和无源交互模式之间切换,或切换到另一交互模式。用户界面可以通过虚拟显示、声音效果、和/或触觉反馈来指示/图示模式的变化。例如,如果用户从无源切换到有源模式,则设备可以在还提供诸如振动触觉指示的同时通过显示器来给出视觉指示。
在另一实施例中,设备可以设有开关或按钮,其可以被显示在触摸屏上以在交互模式之间切换。在该实施例中,例如,用户可以按下变换键,指示有源交互模式。虽然在此模式下操作,但设备的移动可以使得显示器中的虚拟对象移动、滚动、和相互碰撞。当用户释放变换键时,无源交互模式被启用。在此模式下,虚拟对象可以展现出不同的变量,诸如表示每个虚拟对象的纹理的振动反馈。当在无源模式下时,虚拟对象可以继续在屏幕上的移动且用户可以与虚拟对象相交互;然而,用户不能指挥虚拟对象之间的交互。
用于在无源和有源交互模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的说明性系统
现在参考附图,其中相同的附图标记遍及多个图指示相同的元件,图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的用于在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的系统的框图。如图1所示,系统100包括消息发送设备102,诸如移动电话、便携式数字助理(PDA)、便携式媒体播放器、或便携式游戏设备。消息发送设备102包括与网络接口112、传感器114、显示器116、致动器118和扬声器120通信的处理器110。处理器110被配置成生成如在显示器116上所示的虚拟环境。
处理器110与网络接口112通信。网络接口112可以包括一个或多个移动通信方法,诸如红外、无线电、Wi-Fi、或蜂窝式网络通信。在其它变体中,网络接口112包括有线网络接口,诸如以太网。消息发送设备102可以被配置成在诸如蜂窝式电话网络和/或因特网的网络上与其它设备(未示出)交换消息或虚拟消息对象。在设备之间交换的消息的实施例可以包括语音消息、文本消息、数据消息、或其它形式的数字消息。
处理器110还与一个或多个传感器114通信。传感器114可以包括位置传感器、旋转速度传感器、图像传感器、压力传感器、或其它类型的传感器。例如,传感器114可以包括加速度计、陀螺仪、GPS传感器、或触摸敏感输入设备(例如触摸屏、触控板)。一个或多个传感器114可以被配置成检测例如加速度、倾斜度、惯性、或位置的变化。例如,消息发送设备102可以包括被配置成测量消息发送设备102的加速度的加速度计。作为另一示例,消息发送设备102可以包括位置传感器、旋转速度传感器、图像传感器、压力传感器、或其它类型的传感器。一个或多个传感器114可以被配置成向处理器110发送传感器信号。
用户可以通过由一个或多个传感器114检测到的移动或姿势来与用户界面相交互。随着消息设备102被倾斜、摇动、或以其它方式移动,一个或多个传感器114可以检测这些移动并至少部分地基于这些移动生成被发送到处理器110的传感器信号。处理器可以使用这些信号来生成向量,该向量具有表示用户与设备交互的方向和幅值的方向和幅值。在一个实施例中,加速度计传感器被配置成检测消息发送设备102的倾斜度和加速度。随着消息发送设备102被倾斜,加速度计可以被配置成至少部分地基于消息发送设备102的倾斜和/或移动来向处理器110发送信号。然后,处理器110使用这些信号来生成表示交互的方向和幅值的向量。
从传感器114接收到的信号可以和与图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联。例如,可以使由加速度计检测到的戳刺运动与有源交互模式相关联,而可以使由加速度计检测到的圆形或旋转运动与无源交互模式相关联。通过将交互模式映射成特定的姿势,处理器110能够快速且有效地切换交互模式。
从传感器114接收到的信号还可以和与图形用户界面的交互相关联。例如,用户可以首先通过按下或压下变换键来选择交互模式。在已经选择了交互模式之后,可以使消息发送设备倾斜、旋转、摇动、或以其它方式移动以与图形用户界面相交互。可以使由传感器114检测到的设备的每个移动和与图形用户界面的交互相关联。在一个交互模式下,使设备倾斜可以放大或缩小图形用户界面。例如,可以在显示器116上显示数字图像。为了操纵图像,用户可以选择有源交互模式,然后使设备倾斜,使得传感器114检测移动。然后,设备可以基于从传感器114接收到的数据来操纵显示在显示器116上的图像。设备可以以许多不同的方式来操纵图像;例如,操纵可以涉及放大或缩小图像、滚动或旋转所显示的图像。
处理器110可以从其它源(图1未示出)接收与交互模式相关联的信号和/或与交互相关联的信号。例如,消息发送设备102可以包括滚轮、摇杆开关、或操纵杆(图1未示出)。消息发送设备102还可以包括一个或多个按钮,诸如变换按钮(图1未示出)。
在图1所示的实施例中,处理器110还与显示器116通信。处理器110可以被配置成生成要在显示器116上显示的用户界面的图形表示。显示器116可以包括触摸敏感输入设备,诸如触摸屏,其被配置成发送和从处理器110接收信号。
可以使从触摸屏显示器116接收到的信号和与图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联。在一个变体中,可以使诸如在触摸屏上轻敲的预定姿势与特定交互模式相关联。在一个此类实施例中,可以使触摸屏上的一次轻敲与有源交互模式相关联,同时可以使触摸屏上的两次轻敲与无源交互模式相关联。在另一变体中,可以使由触摸屏在诸如右上象限的显示器116的特定区域中检测到的姿势与一个交互模式相关联,同时可以使由触摸屏在诸如左下象限的显示器116的不同区域中检测到的姿势与第二交互模式相关联。可以利用姿势或用户动作的各种其它组合来在交互模式之间切换。
在图1所示的实施例,设备可以允许用户直接操纵显示在显示器116上的对象。如果显示器116包括触摸屏显示器,则在有源交互模式下,显示器116上二维手指姿势可以选择、拖动、轻弹、投掷、或移动用户界面内的虚拟对象。在无源交互模式下,显示器116上的二维手指姿势可以触摸和/或感觉虚拟对象而不改变其在图形用户界面内的位置。
处理器110可以至少部分地基于与图形用户界面的交互模式和用户与图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉反馈效果。在有源交互模式下,处理器110可以基于诸如戳刺或轻弹的用户交互来确定模拟摇晃或碰撞的触觉效果。例如,显示器可以显示用户轻弹的球。当用户轻弹球的图像时,处理器110可以确定向用户表示摇晃的触觉效果。该摇晃表现出包含在其摩擦概况中的虚拟球的特性,诸如球的重量、密度、和与其它虚拟对象的交互类型。处理器110可以进一步计算当虚拟球撞击显示器116的侧面时的碰撞。在无源交互模式下,处理器110可以基于诸如刷或摩擦的交互来确定模拟粗糙或平滑纹理的触觉效果。例如,在一个实施例中,显示器116显示具有包括表示粗糙表面的数据的纹理概况的球。当用户然后与球相交互时,处理器110可以计算表示一系列触觉摇晃的触觉信号,指示球的粗糙表面。
如图1所示,处理器110还与一个或多个致动器118通信。致动器118可以被配置成从处理器110接收信号并生成触觉效果。在处理器110确定触觉效果之后,处理器110可以向致动器118发送被配置成使得致动器118输出触觉效果的触觉信号。致动器118可以例如是压电致动器、电动机、电磁致动器、音圈、线性谐振致动器、形状记忆合金、电活性聚合物、螺线管、偏心旋转质量电动机(EPM)、或线性谐振致动器(LRA)。
用于在无源和有源交互模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的说明性方法
图2是用于至少部分地基于交互模式和用于与图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉效果的方法的流程图。虽然可以在多种设备中利用本发明的实施例,但将相对于图1所示的设备来描述图2所示的过程。在方法200中,处理器110接收和与图形用户界面的交互的模式相关联的第一信号202。在一个实施例中,该信号指示交互模式的变化;在其它实施例中,其表示交互模式无变化。可以由传感器114来生成与交互模式相关联的信号,所述传感器诸如加速度计、陀螺仪、GPS传感器、麦克风、触摸敏感输入设备(例如,触摸屏、触摸板)、纹理触针、成像传感器、或某种其它类型的传感器。或者,可以通过按钮或开关来选择交互模式。例如,可以通过以预定方式旋转消息发送设备102、按下变换按钮、向麦克风中吹气、或在触摸屏显示器116上做姿势来选择交互模式。在一个实施例中,部分地由处理器来控制第一信号。例如,处理器可以接收输入,并使用此输入来计算并随后发送将改变与图形用户界面的交互模式的信号。在另一实施例中,控制第一信号以在一段时间之后返回默认设置。例如,设备可以具有无源交互模式的默认设置,并且如果交互模式被设置为有源已经超过了5分钟,则处理器可以将设备切换回无源模式。
图形用户界面可以显示用户可以与之相交互的虚拟对象。在所示的实施例中,图形用户界面包括一个或多个交互模式。在一个示例中,图形用户界面包括有源交互模式和无源交互模式。在有源交互模式下,例如,用户可以指挥一个或多个虚拟对象与其它虚拟对象和/或虚拟环境之间的交互。在无源交互模式下,用户可以仅与虚拟对象相交互,而没有与虚拟环境相交互或使得虚拟对象与虚拟环境中的其它对象相交互。
在选择了交互模式之后,处理器接收和与图形用户界面的交互相关联的第二信号204。可以由触摸敏感输入设备(例如,触摸屏、触摸板)或某种其它类型的传感器来生成与交互相关联的信号,所述传感器诸如加速度计、陀螺仪、GPS传感器、麦克风、纹理触针、或成像传感器。在一个示例中,用户通过经由触摸屏显示器116接触虚拟对象来与用户界面相交互。处理器114从与由用户做出的姿势或接触相关联的触摸屏显示器116接收信号。与交互相关联的信号可以包括交互的性质,诸如位置、速度、压力、和/或类型。例如,来自触摸屏显示器116的信号可以包括与触摸屏显示器116接触的位置、接触的速度和/或压力、接触的持续时间、和在触摸屏显示器116上所做的姿势或运动的类型。
可以基本上同时地接收第一信号和第二信号。例如,用户可以按下变换键并基本上同时地在触摸屏上做姿势。在此类情况下,处理器在与处理器100接收和与用户界面的用户交互相关联的第二信号基本上相同的时间接收与交互模式相关联的第一信号。在另一变体中,处理器110在接收到第一信号之后的某些稍后时间段接收第二信号,所述时间段诸如为半秒到几秒或更多。例如,用户可以通过以预定方式移动消息发送设备来选择交互模式。稍后,用户可以通过在消息发送设备的触摸屏显示器116上做姿势来与用户界面相交互。该设备可以具有用户选择的默认交互模式。
处理器110至少部分地基于与图形用户界面的交互的模式和与图形用户界面的交互来确定触觉效果206。在无源交互模式下,触觉效果可以基于图形用户界面的纹理概况和/或显示在图形用户界面中的虚拟对象。在无源交互模式下,当用户摩擦或刷虚拟对象时,处理器可以确定模拟虚拟对象的纹理的触觉效果,诸如模拟粗糙或平滑纹理的振动。在有源交互模式下,触觉效果可以是基于图形用户界面的摩擦概况和/或显示在图形用户界面上的虚拟对象。在有源交互模式下,当用户摩擦或刷虚拟对象时,虚拟对象可以与用户的移动相关地在显示器上移动。然后,随着虚拟对象在显示器中移动,处理器可以确定模拟虚拟对象的移动的触觉效果。例如,处理器可以针对重的对象生成长、低的隆隆声或生成柔和的振动以模拟较轻的对象。
接下来,处理器110生成被配置成使得致动器118输出触觉效果的触觉信号208。最后,处理器110向被配置成输出触觉效果的一个或多个致动器118传送触觉信号210。在接收到触觉信号之后,致动器118然后输出触觉效果。该触觉效果可以包括很多不同类型的反馈,包括但不限于:表示纹理的反馈、表示张力的反馈、表示抓持(gripping)的反馈、表示轻弹的反馈、表示敲击的反馈、表示爆裂(popping)的反馈、表示分裂(cracking)的反馈、表示移动的反馈、表示摩擦的反馈、或表示一个或多个碰撞的反馈。
在一个说明性实施例中,图形用户界面以心的形状显示虚拟对象。然后,处理器110接收与无源交互模式相关联的信号。接下来,处理器110接收对虚拟心的摩擦或刷相关联的信号。然后,基于所接收到的信号和虚拟心的纹理概况两者,处理器110可以确定模拟心跳的触觉效果,其在用户与虚拟心相交互时被输出。致动器118接收触觉信号并生成模拟心跳的触觉效果。
在另一说明性实施例中,图形用户界面以心的形状显示虚拟对象。处理器110首先接受与有源交互模式相关联的信号,并然后接收与用户与虚拟心的交互相关联的信号。在这里,处理器110可以基于所接收到的信号和虚拟心的摩擦概况两者来确定触觉效果。所计算的效果可以随着用户跨越屏幕将其拖动而模拟心的重量。致动器118接收触觉信号并生成模拟心的重量的触觉效果。
在另一说明性实施例中,图形用户界面显示虚拟消息发送环境。在虚拟消息发送环境中,诸如电子邮件、文本消息、即时消息、或其它类型的消息的电子消息被显示为虚拟消息对象。在一个实施例中,虚拟消息对象包括以下各项中的一个:球、管、囊状物、盒、气球、心、或图形用户界面能够显示的任何其它形状。图7示出了消息发送设备710,包括以具有粗糙表面730的球的形式显示虚拟消息对象的显示器720。虚拟消息对象进一步包括虚拟物理参数,其定义虚拟对象的一个或多个特性,诸如:大小、质量、形状、碰撞或纹理。可以由用户或程序本身来修改虚拟物理参数。在该说明性实施例中,处理器110接收和与虚拟消息发送环境中的虚拟消息对象的交互相关联的信号。处理器110接收和与虚拟消息发送环境中的虚拟消息对象的交互相关联的信号。然后,处理器110可以至少部分地基于与虚拟消息对象的交互的模式和与虚拟消息发送对象的交互来确定触觉效果。
例如,在一个实施例中,图形用户界面以气球的形式显示虚拟消息发送环境和虚拟消息对象。该气球包括定义其大小、形状、和碰撞行为的虚拟物理参数。然后,处理器可以接收与有源交互模式相关联的信号,并且可以进一步接收与用户拨弄气球相关联的信号。然后,处理器将至少部分地基于交互的模式和交互(在这种情况下为有源交互模式和拨弄交互)来计算触觉效果。然后,处理器将向被配置成输出触觉效果的致动器传送所计算的触觉信号。触觉效果可以是例如表示虚拟气球爆裂的信号。处理器可以进一步执行与虚拟消息对象的动作,诸如当虚拟气球爆裂时发送虚拟消息。
在无源和有源交互模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的说明
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源交互模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的图示。在图3中,消息发送设备302包括变换按钮304和触摸屏306。消息发送设备302生成图形用户界面,诸如显示在触摸屏306上的虚拟环境310。
如图3所示,图形用户界面310包括球形式的一个虚拟对象312。在其它实施例中,图形用户界面可以包含零个、一个、或更多虚拟对象。当未显示对象时,显示器的背景可以具有其自己的摩擦和纹理概况。当显示虚拟对象时,每个虚拟对象包括虚拟物理参数。虚拟物理参数可以包括虚拟对象的一个或多个特性,诸如:大小、形状、质量、碰撞行为、或纹理。物理参数可以进一步包括定义虚拟对象与用户和与其它虚拟对象的交互的摩擦和/或纹理概况。例如,虚拟球的摩擦概况可以包括滚动或弹跳概况。并且,虚拟球的纹理反馈概况包括半粗糙或胶粘表面。处理器可以至少部分地基于虚拟对象的摩擦概况和/或纹理概况来确定触觉效果。
每个虚拟对象可以包括一个或多个虚拟物理参数。虚拟物理参数可以包括大小、质量、形状、碰撞行为、纹理、或视觉表示。在一些情况下,虚拟对象表示消息,诸如文本消息、文件消息、或语音邮件。虚拟对象的虚拟物理参数可以至少部分地基于虚拟对象表示的数据的类型。在一个示例中,虚拟对象可以表示短文本消息,并且可以包括既没有弹性也没有脆性的轻、薄的圆柱形对象。表示长视频文件的虚拟对象可以包括可分裂(crack)的大、重的椭圆形对象。
摩擦概况和/或纹理概况可以至少部分地基于虚拟对象的虚拟物理参数。例如,当虚拟蛋在虚拟环境中移动时,蛋状虚拟消息对象的摩擦概况可以指示分裂或损坏动作。因此,当虚拟蛋对象在虚拟环境内移动并分裂或损坏时,在一个交互模式下可以生成模拟虚拟蛋分裂或损坏的触觉反馈效果。在另一交互模式下,蛋可以触摸起来感觉是光滑的,表示为具有纹理特征的振动。
虚拟对象可以包括标志物。标志物是包括预定义参数的一种类型的虚拟对象。然后,用户可以定义该标志物的特定实例的附加参数。例如,在一个实施例中,标志物可以包括具有预定义摩擦和纹理概况的球。然后,用户可以定义球的附加特性,诸如其大小和颜色。
在与用户界面310相交互之前,可以选择交互模式。例如,可以使用变换按钮304来选择与用户界面的交互模式。如图3所示,变换按钮304未被按下。当变换按钮304未被按下时,用户界面310仍处于用户已经定义为默认的交互模式下。当变换按钮被激活或按下时,用户界面可以切换到不同的交互模式。在变换按钮304被按下的同时,其可以生成指示交互模式变化的信号。消息发送设备302的处理器(图3未示出)可以从变换按钮304接收低信号并确定所期望的是无源交互模式。当从变换按钮304接收到高信号时,处理器可以确定所期望的是有源交互模式。在其它变体中,默认交互模式可以包括有源交互模式或某种其它交互模式。在其它实施例中,处理器可以控制交互模式,并在用户定义的时间段之后将交互模式返回至用户定义的默认。
在选择了交互模式之后,用户可以通过接触触摸屏306来与用户界面310和/或虚拟对象312相交互。在其它变体中,用户可以通过摇动、倾斜、旋转、或以其它方式移动消息发送设备来与用户界面310和/或虚拟对象312相交互。例如,在一个实施例中,显示器可以显示虚拟球。在有源交互模式下,用户可以使屏幕倾斜,使得虚拟球在图形用户界面内滚动。设备可以在虚拟球滚到图形用户界面的边界时输出触觉效果。在另一实施例中,虚拟球可以表示文本消息、电子邮件、或其它电子消息。当表示消息的虚拟球滚到图形用户界面的边界时,设备可以允许虚拟球滚动离开显示器,从而发送消息。
如图3所示,用户界面310处于第一交互模式,并且用户正在箭头320和箭头322所示的方向上刷或摩擦触摸屏306。在诸如无源模式的第一交互模式下,刷或敲击虚拟对象312可以使得消息发送设备302通过触觉反馈来模拟或描绘虚拟对象312的纹理概况。在处理器接收到和与虚拟对象312的交互相关联的信号之后,处理器确定模拟虚拟对象312的纹理概况的触觉效果,诸如模拟虚拟对象312的表面、组成、和/或材料的振动。然后,处理器向致动器(图3未示出)发送生成触觉效果的触觉信号。
图4是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的图示。在图4中,消息发送设备402包括变换按钮404和触摸屏406。消息发送设备402显示图形用户界面,诸如显示在触摸屏406上的虚拟环境410。在虚拟环境410内部显示被图示为球的虚拟对象412。
如图4所示,用户正在箭头424所指示的向下运动中按下变换键404。在基本上相同的时间,或基本上同时地,用户通过在由箭头420和箭头422所示的方向上接触触摸屏来操纵显示在用户界面中的虚拟对象。通过按下变换按钮,用户可以将设备设置为与图形对象的有源交互模式。在有源交互模式下,图形对象可以变成“可抓持的(grippable)”。在这种模式下,该设备可以用表示对象与背景表面之间的摩擦的触觉反馈来对触摸屏上的手指姿势进行响应。
在无源交互模式下,从加速度计接收到的信号可以不影响被抓持的虚拟对象。然而,在有源交互模式下,加速度计信号仍可以影响用户界面410中的其它虚拟对象(图4未示出)。手指姿势现在可以激活虚拟对象412的摩擦概况。例如,当用户按下变换按钮并在触摸屏上做出轻弹姿势时,处理器可以通过在用户界面内移动图形对象并生成表示虚拟环境与虚拟对象之间的摩擦的触觉效果来进行响应。此计算至少部分地基于虚拟对象的摩擦概况和虚拟环境。
虽然图3和4所示的消息发送设备利用变换按钮来向处理器发送与交互模式的选择相关联的信号,但可以使用其它方法和/或设备来实现这一点。作为一个示例,使消息发送设备在向前方向上倾斜可以与有源交互模式相关联,而使消息发送设备在向后方向上倾斜可以与无源交互模式相关联。作为另一示例,双击触摸屏可以选择有源交互模式,而单击触摸屏可以选择无源交互模式。
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的图示。在图5中,消息发送设备502包括加速度计(图5未示出)和触摸屏506。消息发送设备502生成图形用户界面,诸如显示在触摸屏506上的虚拟环境510。
如图5所示,用户正在由箭头520指示的圆形运动中旋转或移动消息发送设备502。在传感器检测到该圆形运动之后,其向处理器(图5未示出)发送信号。处理器接收传感器的信号并确定该圆形运动与交互模式变化相关联。
在以预定方式移动设备之后,用户界面可以从有源交互模式变换成无源交互模式,或者从无源交互模式变换成有源交互模式。在用户界面变换其交互模式之后,用户可以根据新的交互模式与用户界面相交互。
图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的在无源和有源模式之间变换触觉反馈功能的图示。在图6中,消息发送设备602包括加速度计(图6未示出)和触摸屏606。消息发送设备602生成图形用户界面,诸如显示在触摸屏606上的虚拟环境610。
如图6所示,用户在由箭头620指示的圆形运动中冲撞或摇动消息发送设备602。在传感器检测到冲撞运动之后,传感器向处理器(图6未示出)发送信号。处理器接收传感器信号并确定冲撞运动与交互模式变化相关联。
在以预定方式移动设备之后,用户界面可以从无源交互模式变换成有源交互模式,或者从有源交互模式变换成无源交互模式。在切换交互模式之后,用户可以根据新的交互模式与图形用户界面相交互。例如,在一个实施例中,用户可以在键入电子邮件的同时选择无源交互模式。然后,希望发送电子邮件的用户可以以预定方式旋转或以其它方式移动设备,使得设备切换到有源交互模式,在该有源交互模式下,可以在显示器上将电子邮件显示为虚拟球。然后,用户可以轻弹球以发送电子邮件;此动作可以触发处理器计算生成晃动的触觉信号,象征虚拟球的重量。然后,随着虚拟球离开显示器,设备发送电子邮件。然后,用户可以以另一预定方式旋转设备或移动设备以将设备切换回到无源交互模式。
可以在数字电子电路中或在计算机硬件、固件、软件、或这些的组合中实现本发明的实施例。在一个实施例中,计算机可以包括处理器。处理器包括计算机可读介质,诸如被耦合到处理器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。处理器执行被存储在存储器中的计算机可执行程序指令,诸如执行用于消息发送的一个或多个计算机程序。此类处理器可以包括微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、以及状态机。此类处理器可以进一步包括诸如PLC的可编程电子器件、可编程中断控制器(PIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM或EEPROM)、或其它类似设备。
此类处理器可以包括介质,或者可以与介质通信,诸如计算机可读介质,其可以存储在被处理器执行时能够使得处理器执行在本文中被描述为由处理器执行或辅助的步骤的指令。计算机可读介质的实施例可以包括但不限于电子、光学、磁性、或能够为诸如网络服务器中的处理器的处理器提供计算机可读指令的其它存储或传输设备。介质的其它示例包括但不限于软盘、CD-ROM、磁盘、存储器芯片、ROM、RAM、ASIC、已配置处理器、所有光学介质、所有磁带或其它磁性介质、或计算机处理器可以从中进行读取的任何其它介质。并且,各种其它设备可以包括计算机可读介质,诸如路由器、私用或公共网络、或其它传输设备。所述处理器和处理两者都可以在一个或多个结构中和/或遍布于一个或多个结构。处理器可以包括用于执行本文所述的方法(或方法的一部分)中的一个或多个的代码。
综述
已经仅仅出于图示和描述的目的呈现了本发明的实施例的前述描述,包括优选实施例,并且其并不意图是排他性的,也不意图使本发明局限于所公开的精确形式。在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,其许多修改和调整对于本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
Claims (20)
1.一种方法,包括:
接收第一信号,所述第一信号和与图形用户界面的交互模式相关联,所述交互模式包括基于移动的有源交互模式和基于纹理的无源交互模式;
接收和与所述图形用户界面的用户交互相关联的第二信号;
至少部分地基于所述交互模式是所述有源交互模式还是所述无源交互模式和所述用户交互来确定触觉效果;以及
生成与所述触觉效果相关联的触觉信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信号与从有源交互模式到无源交互模式的改变相关联。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信号与从无源交互模式到有源交互模式的改变相关联。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信号被控制以在一段时间后返回到缺省设置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一信号是从传感器接收的,所述传感器被配置为检测电子设备的定向或运动中的一个或多个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述用户交互包括与触摸屏的交互。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述用户交互进一步包括与在所述图形用户界面中显示的一个或多个对象的交互。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述交互模式包括有源交互模式,并且其中所述触觉效果包括与虚拟对象的虚拟重量相关联的效果。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述交互模式包括无源交互模式,并且其中所述触觉效果包括与虚拟对象的一个或多个表面特征相关联的效果。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第二信号是从传感器接收的,所述传感器被配置为检测电子设备的定向或运动中的一个或多个。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述用户交互包括以下中的一个或多个:倾斜、摇动、旋转、或移动所述电子设备。
12.一种便携式消息发送设备,包括:
第一传感器,所述第一传感器被配置为输出和与图形用户界面的交互模式相关联的第一传感器信号,所述交互模式包括基于移动的有源交互模式和基于纹理的无源交互模式;
第二传感器,所述第二传感器被配置为输出和与所述图形用户界面的用户交互相关联的第二传感器信号;以及
处理器,所述处理器被配置来:
至少部分地基于所述交互模式是所述有源交互模式还是所述无源交互模式和所述用户交互来确定触觉效果;以及
生成与所述触觉效果相关联的触觉信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的便携式消息发送设备,其中所述第一传感器信号与从有源交互模式到无源交互模式的改变相关联。
14.根据权利要求12所述的便携式消息发送设备,其中所述第二传感器信号与从无源交互模式到有源交互模式的改变相关联。
15.根据权利要求12所述的便携式消息发送设备,其中所述用户交互包括与在所述图形用户界面中显示的一个或多个对象的交互。
16.根据权利要求15所述的便携式消息发送设备,其中所述交互模式包括有源交互模式,并且其中所述触觉效果包括与虚拟对象的虚拟重量相关联的效果。
17.根据权利要求15所述的便携式消息发送设备,其中所述交互模式包括无源交互模式,并且其中所述触觉效果包括与虚拟对象的一个或多个表面特征相关联的效果。
18.一种包括程序代码的非易失性计算机可读存储介质,所述程序代码被配置为在被处理器执行时使得该处理器:
接收第一信号,所述第一信号和与图形用户界面的交互模式相关联,所述交互模式包括基于移动的有源交互模式和基于纹理的无源交互模式;
接收和与所述图形用户界面的用户交互相关联的第二信号;
至少部分地基于所述交互模式是所述有源交互模式还是所述无源交互模式和所述用户交互来确定触觉效果;以及
生成与所述触觉效果相关联的触觉信号。
19.根据权利要求18所述的非易失性计算机可读存储介质,其中所述第一信号与从有源交互模式到无源交互模式的改变相关联。
20.根据权利要求18所述的非易失性计算机可读存储介质,其中所述第一信号与从无源交互模式到有源交互模式的改变相关联。
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