WO2015084124A1 - 블록 공중합체 - Google Patents
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- WO2015084124A1 WO2015084124A1 PCT/KR2014/012027 KR2014012027W WO2015084124A1 WO 2015084124 A1 WO2015084124 A1 WO 2015084124A1 KR 2014012027 W KR2014012027 W KR 2014012027W WO 2015084124 A1 WO2015084124 A1 WO 2015084124A1
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- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
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Definitions
- the present application relates to a block copolymer.
- the block copolymer has a molecular structure in which polymer blocks having different chemical structures are connected through covalent bonds.
- the block copolymer may form periodically arranged structures such as spheres, cylinders, or lamellas by phase separation.
- the size of the domain of the structure formed by the self-assembly of the block copolymer can be controlled in a wide range, it is possible to manufacture a variety of forms of the structure of various next generation nano such as high-density magnetic storage medium, nanowires, quantum dots or metal dots It can be applied to pattern formation by elements, magnetic recording media, lithography and the like.
- the present application provides a block copolymer and its use.
- alkyl group may mean an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be a straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- alkoxy group may mean an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group may be a straight chain, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- alkenyl group or alkynyl group means an alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified. can do.
- the alkenyl group or alkynyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- alkylene group may mean an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group may be a straight chain, branched or cyclic alkylene group, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- alkenylene group or alkynylene group is an alkenylene group or alkynylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified. Can mean a group.
- the alkenylene group or alkynylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- aryl group or arylene group is one benzene ring structure, at least two benzene rings are connected while sharing one or two carbon atoms, or connected by any linker It may mean a monovalent or divalent residue derived from a compound or a derivative thereof containing the structure.
- the aryl group or arylene group may be, for example, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 25 carbon atoms, 6 to 21 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 6 to 13 carbon atoms.
- aromatic structure may mean the aryl group or arylene group.
- alicyclic ring structure means a cyclic hydrocarbon structure other than an aromatic ring structure, unless otherwise specified.
- the alicyclic ring structure may be, for example, an alicyclic ring structure having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, 3 to 25 carbon atoms, 3 to 21 carbon atoms, 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or 3 to 13 carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified. .
- the term single bond may refer to a case where no separate atom exists at a corresponding site.
- B when B is a single bond, it may mean that a separate atom is not present at a site represented by B, and A and C are directly connected to form a structure represented by A-C.
- an alkyl group an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an arylene group, a chain or an aromatic structure, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom , Carboxyl group, glycidyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, acryloyl groupoxy, methacryloyl groupoxy group, thiol group, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene group , Alkoxy group or aryl group and the like can be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- a monomer represented by the following formula (1) may be provided as a monomer having a novel structure capable of forming a block copolymer.
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl group
- Y is a substituent including at least a ring structure, for example, when the ring structure is an aromatic ring, the number of the chain forming atoms may be 3 or more, and the chain formation when the ring structure is an alicyclic ring structure The number of atoms may be eight or more. Even when the ring structure is an aromatic ring structure, the chain forming atoms may be five or more, seven or more or eight or more.
- the monovalent substituent of Y includes a chain structure formed of at least three or eight chain forming atoms.
- chain forming atom in the present application means an atom which forms a straight chain structure of a predetermined chain.
- the chain may be straight or branched, but the number of chain forming atoms is calculated only from the number of atoms forming the longest straight chain, and other atoms (eg chain forming valences) bound to the chain forming atoms are In the case of a carbon atom, the hydrogen atom etc. couple
- the chain forming atoms are all carbon as the number 5, and even when the chain is a 2-methylpentyl group, the chain forming atoms are all carbon as the number 5.
- carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen may be exemplified, and a suitable chain forming atom may be carbon, oxygen or nitrogen, or carbon or oxygen.
- the number of chain forming atoms may be at least 3, at least 5, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, or at least 12.
- the number of chain forming atoms may also be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less.
- the appropriate lower limit of the chain forming atom may be determined according to the type of ring structure as described above.
- the block copolymer may exhibit excellent self-assembly characteristics.
- the chain may be a straight chain hydrocarbon chain such as a straight chain alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, 5 or more carbon atoms, 7 or more carbon atoms, 8 or more carbon atoms, 8 to 30 carbon atoms, 8 to 25 carbon atoms, 8 to 20 carbon atoms, or 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- One or more of the carbon atoms of the alkyl group may be optionally substituted with an oxygen atom, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group may be optionally substituted with another substituent.
- Y includes a ring structure, and the chain may be connected to the ring structure.
- the ring structure may be an aromatic structure or an alicyclic structure.
- the chain may be directly linked to the ring structure or may be linked through a linker.
- Suitable linkers can be exemplified by oxygen atoms or nitrogen atoms.
- the chain may, for example, be connected to an aromatic structure via an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- the linker may be an oxygen atom or -NR 1- (wherein R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group).
- Y in Formula 1 may be represented by the following Formula 2 in one example.
- P is an arylene group or a cycloalkylene group
- Q is a single bond, an oxygen atom or -NR 3-
- R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group
- Z is the chain having three or more chain forming atoms when P is an arylene group
- Z is the chain having eight or more chain forming atoms when P is a cycloalkylene group.
- Suitable examples of P in the general formula (2) may include, but are not limited to, an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, a phenylene group.
- Q in the general formula (2) is an appropriate example, an oxygen atom or -NR 1- (wherein R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group).
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl group, for example, hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- Y is
- P is a C6-C12 arylene group or phenylene
- Q is an oxygen atom
- Z is a compound which is the above-mentioned chain which has 8 or more chain-forming atoms.
- suitable monomers of the general formula (1) include monomers of the general formula (3).
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- P is an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms
- Q is an oxygen atom
- Z is a chain forming valency At least 8 chains.
- Another aspect of the present application is directed to a method for preparing a block copolymer comprising polymerizing the monomers to form blocks.
- the specific method of preparing the block copolymer in the present application is not particularly limited as long as it includes forming at least one block of the block copolymer using the aforementioned monomers.
- the block copolymer may be prepared by LRP (Living Radical Polymerization) method using the monomer.
- LRP Living Radical Polymerization
- an anionic polymerization or an organic alkali metal compound synthesized in the presence of an inorganic acid such as an alkali metal or a salt of an alkaline earth metal is polymerized using an organic rare earth metal complex as a polymerization initiator or an organic alkali metal compound as a polymerization initiator.
- Anion polymerization method synthesized in the presence of an organoaluminum compound using as an initiator, atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP) using an atom transfer radical polymerization agent as a polymerization control agent, an atomic transfer radical polymerization agent as a polymerization control agent is used.
- RAFT polymerization method of
- organic tellurium compound, etc. as an initiator
- the block copolymer may be prepared in a manner that includes polymerizing a reactant including monomers capable of forming the block by living radical polymerization in the presence of a radical initiator and a living radical polymerization reagent. .
- the method of forming another block included in the copolymer together with the block formed by using the monomer in the preparation of the block copolymer is not particularly limited, and the appropriate monomer is selected in consideration of the type of the desired block. Blocks can be formed.
- the manufacturing process of the block copolymer may further include, for example, precipitating the polymerization product produced through the above process in the non-solvent.
- the kind of radical initiator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected in consideration of the polymerization efficiency, and for example, AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) or 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (2,2 ').
- Azo compounds such as -azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)) or peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can be used.
- Living radical polymerization processes are, for example, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, acetone, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme, diglyme, dimethylform It may be carried out in a solvent such as amide, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylacetamide.
- non-solvent for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, normal propanol or isopropanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol, ether series such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane or petroleum ether may be used. It is not limited to this.
- a block copolymer including a block formed through the monomer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a first block) may be provided.
- the block may be represented by, for example, the following formula (4).
- R, X, and Y may be equally applied to R, X, and Y in Formula 1, respectively.
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- X is a single bond
- P is an arylene group
- Q is Is an oxygen atom or -NR 3-
- R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group
- Z is a straight chain having 8 or more chain forming atoms.
- Q in Formula 5 may be an oxygen atom.
- the first block may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 6. Such a first block may be referred to herein as a 1B block.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- T is a single bond or an arylene group
- Q is a single bond or a carbonyl group
- Y is a chain having 8 or more chain forming atoms.
- the first block may be a block having at least one chain forming valence electronegativity of at least 8 of a chain having chain chain atoms of 8 or more in any one of Formulas 4 to 6 above.
- the electronegativity of the atom may be 3.7 or less in other examples.
- such a block may be referred to as a 1C block.
- a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- the kind of other blocks (hereinafter, may be referred to as second blocks) that may be included in the block copolymer together with the first block such as the first 1A, 1B, or 1C block is not particularly limited.
- the second block may be a polystyrene block such as polyvinylpyrrolidone block, polylactic acid block, polyvinylpyridine block, polystyrene or polytrimethylsilylstyrene, or polyethylene jade.
- Polyolefin blocks such as polyalkylene oxide blocks such as polyethylene oxide, poly butadiene blocks, poly isoprene blocks or polyethylene may be exemplified. Such a block may be referred to herein as a second A block.
- the second block that may be included together with the first block such as the 1A, 1B, or 1C block may be a block having an aromatic structure including one or more halogen atoms.
- Such a second block may be, for example, a block represented by the following formula (7). Such a block may be referred to herein as a second B block.
- B in Formula 7 is a monovalent substituent having an aromatic structure containing at least one halogen atom.
- Such a second block may exhibit excellent interaction with the above-described first block so that the block copolymer exhibits excellent self-assembly characteristics and the like.
- the aromatic structure may be, for example, an aromatic structure having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- examples of the halogen atom included in Chemical Formula 7 include a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and a fluorine atom may be used as appropriate, but is not limited thereto.
- B of Formula 7 may be a monovalent substituent having an aromatic structure having 6 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more or five halogen atoms.
- the upper limit of the number of halogen atoms in the above is not particularly limited, and for example, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less halogen atoms may be present.
- Formula 7 which is the second B block, may be represented by the following Formula 8.
- the 2B block may be represented by, for example, the following Formula 9.
- R 1 to R 5 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, or a halogen atom, and R 1 to R 5 are one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more halogen atoms.
- R 1 to R 5 may contain a fluorine atom.
- Halogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 5 may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the second block may be a block represented by Formula 10 below. Such a block may be referred to herein as a second C block.
- T and K are each independently an oxygen atom or a single bond, and U is an alkylene group.
- the second C block, in Formula 10, U may be a block having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the 2C block may be a block in which any one of T and K in Formula 10 is a single bond and the other is an oxygen atom.
- U may be a block having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the second C block may be a block in which T and K in Formula 10 are both oxygen atoms.
- U may be a block having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the second block may be a block including one or more metal atoms or metalloid atoms.
- a block may be referred to herein as a 2D block.
- Such a block can improve the etching selectivity, for example, when an etching process is performed on a self-assembled film formed using a block copolymer.
- metal or metalloid atom included in the 2D block silicon atom, iron atom or boron atom, etc. may be exemplified, but any one capable of showing proper etching selectivity by a difference from other atoms included in the block copolymer is especially It is not limited.
- the 2D block may include at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five halogen atoms, for example fluorine atoms, together with the metal or metalloid atoms.
- Halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms contained in the 2D block may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the 2D block may be represented by the following formula (11).
- B may be a monovalent substituent having a substituent containing a metal atom or a metalloid atom and an aromatic structure including a halogen atom.
- the aromatic structure of Formula 11 may be an aromatic structure having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, an aryl group or an arylene group.
- the second 2D block of Formula 11 may be, for example, represented by the following Formula 12.
- W may be an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms including a substituent containing a metal atom or a metalloid atom and at least one halogen atom.
- aryl group at least one or one to three substituents including the metal atom or the metalloid atom are included, and the halogen atom is at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five. It may be included above.
- the halogen atom may be included in 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the 2D block of Formula 12 may be represented by, for example, the following Formula 13.
- At least one, one to three, or one to two of R 1 to R 5 may be a substituent including the aforementioned metal atom or metalloid atom.
- R 1 to R 5 may include one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more halogen atoms.
- the halogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 5 may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- Substituents containing metal or metalloid atoms in the above description include silsesquioxa such as trialkylsiloxy groups, ferrocenyl groups, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane groups and the like. Although a silyl group or a carboranyl group and the like can be exemplified, such a substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is selected so that etching selectivity can be ensured, including at least one metal or metalloid atom.
- the second block may be a block including an atom having an electronegativity of 3 or more and a non-halogen atom (hereinafter, may be referred to as a non-halogen atom).
- a non-halogen atom Such a block may be referred to herein as a 2E block.
- the electronegativity of the non-halogen atom included in the 2E block may be 3.7 or less in another example.
- non-halogen atom included in the 2E block may include a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, but are not limited thereto.
- the 2E block may include at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five halogen atoms, for example, fluorine atoms, together with the non-halogen atoms having an electronegativity of at least three.
- Halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms contained in the 2E block may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the 2E block may be represented by the following Formula 14.
- B may be a monovalent substituent having a substituent including a non-halogen atom having an electronegativity of 3 or more and an aromatic structure including a halogen atom.
- the aromatic structure of Chemical Formula 14 may be an aromatic structure having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, an aryl group or an arylene group.
- the block of Formula 14 may be represented by the following Formula 15 in another example.
- W may be a substituent containing a non-halogen atom having an electronegativity of 3 or more and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms including at least one halogen atom.
- halogen atom may include one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more or five or more. In the above, the halogen atom may be included in 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the block of Formula 15 may be represented by the following Formula 16 in another example.
- At least one, one to three, or one to two of R 1 to R 5 may be a substituent including a non-halogen atom having the aforementioned electronegativity of 3 or more.
- R 1 to R 5 may include one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more or five or more halogen atoms.
- the halogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 5 may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an amido group, an ethylene oxide group, a nitrile group, a pyridine group or an amino group may be exemplified.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the second block may include an aromatic structure having a heterocyclic substituent.
- This second block may be referred to herein as a second F block.
- the 2F block may be represented by the following Formula 17.
- B is a monovalent substituent having an aromatic structure having 6 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with a heterocyclic substituent.
- the aromatic structure of formula 17 may contain one or more halogen atoms as necessary.
- the unit of formula 17 may be represented by the following formula (18).
- the unit of formula 18 may be represented by the following formula (19).
- R 1 to R 5 is the heterocyclic substituent, and the other is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen It may be an atom or a hydrogen atom.
- a phthalimide derived substituent a thiophene derived substituent, a thiazole derived substituent, a carbazole derived substituent or an imidazole derived substituent
- a carbazole derived substituent or an imidazole derived substituent may be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
- the block copolymer of the present application may include one or more of the above-described first block, and may also include one or more of the above-described second block. Such block copolymers may comprise two or three blocks, or may include more blocks.
- the block copolymer may be a diblock copolymer including any one of the first block and any one of the second block.
- the block copolymer as described above may basically exhibit excellent phase separation or self-assembly characteristics.
- the block copolymer includes two or more polymer chains connected by covalent bonds, phase separation occurs.
- the block copolymer of the present application exhibits excellent phase separation characteristics, and may form a nanoscale structure by microphase seperation as needed.
- the shape and size of the nanostructure may be controlled by the size (molecular weight, etc.) of the block copolymer, the relative ratio between the blocks, and the like.
- As the structure formed by phase separation spherical, cylinder, gyroid, lamellae and inverted structures can be exemplified, and the ability of the block copolymer to form such a structure can be referred to as self-assembly.
- the inventors of the present invention have confirmed that the copolymers satisfying at least one of the various parameters described below among the block copolymers having the various structures described above significantly improve the self-assembly property of each block copolymer.
- the block copolymer of the present application may satisfy any one of the parameters described below, or may simultaneously satisfy two or more parameters. In particular, it has been found that the fulfillment of appropriate parameters allows the block copolymer to exhibit vertical orientation.
- the term vertical alignment refers to the orientation of the block copolymer, and may refer to an orientation in which the nanostructures formed by the block copolymer are perpendicular to the substrate direction.
- the technique of controlling the self-assembled structure of the block copolymer horizontally or vertically on various substrates is very important in the practical application of the block copolymer.
- the orientation of the nanostructures in the film of the block copolymer is determined by which of the blocks forming the block copolymer is exposed to the surface or air.
- blocks of the block copolymer having the higher polarity are wetted to the substrate, and blocks having the smaller polarity are wetted at the interface with the air.
- the block copolymer of one aspect of the present application can form a film that exhibits an in-plane diffraction pattern of Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering (GISAXS) on a hydrophobic surface.
- the block copolymer may form a film exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern in Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering (GISAXS) on a hydrophilic surface.
- representing a diffraction pattern on an in-plane in GISAXS may mean that a peak perpendicular to the X coordinate is shown in the GISAXS diffraction pattern in the GISAXS analysis. This peak is confirmed by the vertical orientation of the block copolymer.
- block copolymers exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern have vertical alignment.
- the peaks identified in the X coordinate of the GISAXS diffraction pattern may be at least two or more, and when there are a plurality of peaks, scattering vectors (q values) of the peaks may be identified with an integer ratio, In this case, the phase separation efficiency of the block copolymer can be further improved.
- the term vertical is an expression in consideration of an error, and may include, for example, an error within ⁇ 10 degrees, ⁇ 8 degrees, ⁇ 6 degrees, ⁇ 4 degrees, or ⁇ 2 degrees.
- Block copolymers capable of forming films that exhibit in-plane diffraction patterns on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces can exhibit vertical orientation characteristics on a variety of surfaces that have not undergone separate treatment to induce vertical orientation.
- hydrophobic surface in the present application means a surface whose wetting angle with respect to purified water is in the range of 5 to 20 degrees. Examples of hydrophobic surfaces include, but are not limited to, the surface of silicon treated with oxygen plasma, sulfuric acid, or pyrana solution.
- hydrophilic surface in the present application means a surface having a normal wetting angle with respect to purified water in the range of 50 to 70 degrees.
- hydrophilic surface may include the surface of polydimethylsiolxane (PDMS) treated with oxygen plasma, the surface of silicon treated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), or the surface of silicon treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF), but is not limited thereto. no.
- PDMS polydimethylsiolxane
- HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
- HF hydrofluoric acid
- room temperature is a naturally occurring temperature that is warmed or undecreased and may mean a temperature of about 10 ° C. to 30 ° C., about 25 ° C. or about 23 ° C.
- a film formed on a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface and exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern on grazing incidence incineration scattering may be a film that has undergone thermal annealing.
- the film for measuring grazing incidence incineration scattering (GISAXS) is, for example, a coating liquid prepared by diluting the block copolymer in a solvent (for example, fluorobenzene) at a concentration of about 0.7% by weight. It can be formed by coating the corresponding hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface with a thickness of nm and a coating area of 2.25 cm 2 (width: 1.5 cm, length: 1.5 cm) and thermally aging such a coating film.
- the film can be carried out by holding it for about 1 hour at a temperature of about 160 ° C.
- Gradient Incident Incineration Scattering (GISAXS) can be measured by injecting X-rays at an angle of incidence within the range of about 0.12 to 0.23 °
- a diffraction pattern scattered from a film can be obtained by a known measuring device (eg, 2D marCCD), and the method of confirming the presence of a diffraction pattern on an in-plane through the diffraction pattern Jiyida.
- Block copolymers exhibiting the aforementioned peaks in grazing incidence incineration scattering can exhibit excellent self-assembly properties, and such properties can be effectively controlled according to the purpose.
- the block copolymer of the present application may exhibit at least one peak in a scattering vector q in a predetermined range during XRD analysis (X-ray diffraction analysis).
- the block copolymer may exhibit at least one peak in the scattering vector q range of 0.5 nm ⁇ 1 to 10 nm ⁇ 1 in X-ray diffraction analysis.
- the scattering vector q having the peak may be 0.7 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 0.9 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 1.1 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 1.3 nm ⁇ 1 or more, or 1.5 nm ⁇ 1 or more.
- the scattering vector q having the peak is 9 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 8 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 7 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 6 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 5 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 4 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 3.5 nm can be -1 or less, or 3 nm or less.
- the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak identified in the range of the scattering vector q may be in the range of 0.2 to 0.9 nm ⁇ 1 .
- the half-height width may be 0.25 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 0.3 nm ⁇ 1 or more, or 0.4 nm ⁇ 1 or more.
- the half height width may be 0.85 nm ⁇ 1 or less, 0.8 nm ⁇ 1 or less, or 0.75 nm ⁇ 1 or less.
- half-height width may refer to the width of the peak (difference of scattering vector q) at a position representing half the intensity of the intensity of the maximum peak.
- the scattering vector (q) and the half-height width in the XRD analysis are numerical values obtained by numerical analysis using the least-square method for the results obtained by the XRD analysis described later.
- the profile of the XRD pattern peak is Gaussian fitting with the baseline of the portion showing the least intensity in the XRD diffraction pattern set to zero. After fitting, the scattering vector and the half-height width can be obtained from the fitting result.
- R square is at least 0.9, at least 0.92, at least 0.94 or at least 0.96.
- the manner in which such information can be obtained from the XRD analysis is well known, and for example, a numerical analysis program such as origin can be applied.
- the block copolymer showing the peak of the half-height width within the range of the scattering vector (q) may include a crystalline site suitable for self-assembly.
- the block copolymers identified within the range of the scattering vectors q described above can exhibit excellent self-assembly properties.
- XRD analysis may be performed by measuring the scattering intensity according to the scattering vector after X-rays are transmitted through the block copolymer sample. XRD analysis can be carried out without special pretreatment for the block copolymer, for example, by drying the block copolymer under appropriate conditions and permeating through X-rays. As X-rays, an X-ray having a vertical size of 0.023 mm and a horizontal size of 0.3 mm can be applied. Using a measuring instrument (eg, 2D marCCD), a 2D diffraction pattern scattered from a sample can be obtained as an image, and the obtained diffraction pattern can be fitted in the manner described above to obtain scattering vectors, half-height widths, and the like. .
- a measuring instrument eg, 2D marCCD
- the number n of chain forming atoms of the chain is determined by the scattering vector q obtained by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Equation 1 may be satisfied.
- Equation 1 n is the number of the chain forming atoms, q is the smallest scattering vector (q) in which the peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction analysis for the block copolymer, or the peak of the largest peak area is observed Scattering vector q.
- ⁇ means circumference.
- the scattering vector introduced into Equation 1 is a value obtained according to the method mentioned in the aforementioned X-ray diffraction analysis method.
- the scattering vector q introduced in Equation 1 may be, for example, a scattering vector q within a range of 0.5 nm ⁇ 1 to 10 nm ⁇ 1 .
- the scattering vector q introduced into Equation 1 may be 0.7 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 0.9 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 1.1 nm ⁇ 1 or more, 1.3 nm ⁇ 1 or more, or 1.5 nm ⁇ 1 or more.
- Scattering vector (q) introduced in Equation 1 is 9 nm -1 or less, 8 nm -1 or less, 7 nm -1 or less, 6 nm -1 or less, 5 nm -1 or less, 4 nm -1 or less , 3.5 nm ⁇ 1 or less or 3 nm ⁇ 1 or less.
- Equation 1 shows the relationship between the distance between the blocks containing the chain (D) and the number of chain forming atoms of the chain when the block copolymer self-assembles to form a phase-separated structure
- the absolute value of the difference between the surface energy of the first block of the block copolymer and the surface energy of the second block is 10 mN / m or less, 9 mN / m or less, 8 mN / m or less, Up to 7.5 mN / m or up to 7 mN / m.
- the absolute value of the difference in surface energy may be 1.5 mN / m, 2 mN / m or 2.5 mN / m or more.
- the structure in which the first block and the second block having the absolute value of the difference in the surface energy in this range are connected by covalent bonds can induce effective microphase seperation by phase separation due to proper incompatibility.
- the first block may be, for example, a block having the chain described above.
- the surface energy can be measured using a drop shape analyzer (DSA100 manufactured by KRUSS). Specifically, the surface energy is a coating liquid obtained by diluting a sample (block copolymer or homopolymer) to be measured with a solid content of about 2% by weight in fluorobenzene and having a thickness of about 50 nm and a coating area of 4 cm 2 on the substrate. After drying at room temperature for about 1 hour (width: 2cm, length: 2cm) can be measured for a film thermally annealed (thermal annealing) at 160 ° C for about 1 hour.
- DSA100 drop shape analyzer
- the average value of the five contact angle values obtained is obtained by dropping the deionized water having a known surface tension on the thermally matured film and determining the contact angle five times.
- the procedure of dropping the known diiodomethane and determining the contact angle is repeated five times, and the average value of the five contact angle values obtained is obtained.
- the surface energy can be obtained by substituting the numerical value (Strom value) of the surface tension of the solvent by Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method using the average value of the contact angles with respect to the deionized water and diiomethane obtained.
- the numerical value of the surface energy for each block of the block copolymer can be obtained by the method described above with respect to a homopolymer made only of the monomers forming the block.
- the block in which the chain is included may have higher surface energy than other blocks.
- the first block of the block copolymer may have higher surface energy than the second block.
- the surface energy of the first block may be in the range of about 20 mN / m to 40 mN / m.
- the surface energy of the first block may be 22 mN / m or more, 24 mN / m or more, 26 mN / m or more, or 28 mN / m or more.
- the surface energy of the first block may be 38 mN / m or less, 36 mN / m or less, 34 mN / m or less, or 32 mN / m or less.
- Such a first block is included, and the block copolymer exhibiting the difference between the second block and the surface energy as described above can exhibit excellent self-assembly characteristics.
- the absolute value of the difference between the densities of the first and second blocks in the block copolymer is 0.25 g / cm 3 or more, 0.3 g / cm 3 or more, 0.35 g / cm 3 or more, 0.4 g / cm 3 or more, or 0.45 g / cm 3 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference in density may be 0.9 g / cm 3 or more, 0.8 g / cm 3 or less, 0.7 g / cm 3 or less, 0.65 g / cm 3 or less, or 0.6 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of each block of the block copolymer can be measured using a known buoyancy method, for example, by analyzing the mass of the block copolymer in a solvent having a known mass and density in air such as ethanol The density can be measured.
- the block in which the chain is included may have a lower density than other blocks.
- the first block of the block copolymer comprises the chain
- the first block may have a lower density than the second block.
- the density of the first block may be in the range of about 0.9 g / cm 3 to about 1.5 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the first block may be 0.95 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the first block may be 1.4 g / cm 3 or less, 1.3 g / cm 3 or less, 1.2 g / cm 3 or less, 1.1 g / cm 3 or less, or 1.05 g / cm 3 or less.
- Such a first block is included, and the block copolymer exhibiting the above-described density difference with the second block can exhibit excellent self-assembly characteristics.
- the surface energy and density mentioned above may be numerical values measured at room temperature.
- the block copolymer may include blocks having a volume fraction in the range of 0.4 to 0.8 and blocks having a volume fraction in the range of 0.2 to 0.6.
- the volume fraction of the block having the chain may be in the range of 0.4 to 0.8.
- the volume fraction of the first block may be in the range of 0.4 to 0.8
- the volume fraction of the second block may be in the range of 0.2 to 0.6.
- the sum of the volume fractions of the first block and the second block may be one.
- the block copolymer including each block in the volume fraction as described above may exhibit excellent self-assembly characteristics.
- the volume fraction of each block of the block copolymer can be obtained based on the density of each block and the molecular weight measured by Gel Permeation Chromatogrph (GPC).
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the block copolymer may be, for example, in the range of 3,000 to 300,000.
- the term number average molecular weight is a conversion value with respect to standard polystyrene measured using a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), and the term molecular weight herein refers to a number average molecular weight unless otherwise specified.
- the molecular weight (Mn) may be, for example, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, 7000 or more, 9000 or more, 11000 or more, 13000 or more, or 15000 or more.
- the molecular weight (Mn) is 250000 or less, 200000 or less, 180000 or less, 160000 or less, 140000 or less, 120000 or less, 100000 or less, 90000 or less, 80000 or less, 70000 or less, 60000 or less, 50000 or less, 40000 or less, or 30000 or less. Or about 25000 or less.
- the block copolymer may have a dispersion degree (polydispersity, Mw / Mn) in the range of 1.01 to 1.60.
- the dispersity may in another example be at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3 or at least about 1.4.
- the block copolymer may exhibit suitable self-assembly properties.
- the number average molecular weight of the block copolymer can be adjusted in view of the desired self-assembly structure and the like.
- the proportion of the first block in the block copolymer is from 10 mol% to 90 mol%. May be in range.
- the present application also relates to a polymer membrane comprising the block copolymer.
- the polymer film may be used in various applications, and for example, may be used in various electronic or electronic devices, a process of forming the pattern or a recording medium such as a magnetic storage recording medium, a flash memory, or a biosensor.
- the block copolymer in the polymer membrane may implement a periodic structure including a sphere, a cylinder, a gyroid or a lamellar through self-assembly. .
- the other segments may form a regular structure such as lamellar form or cylinder form.
- the polymer film of the present application may exhibit a peak perpendicular to the X coordinate in the in-plane diffraction pattern, that is, the GISAXS diffraction pattern during GISAXS analysis.
- the peaks identified in the X coordinate of the GISAXS diffraction pattern may be at least two or more, and when there are a plurality of peaks, scattering vectors (q values) of the peaks may be identified with an integer ratio.
- the present application also relates to a method of forming a polymer film using the block copolymer.
- the method may include forming a polymer film including the block copolymer on a substrate in a self-assembled state.
- the method may include a step of forming a block copolymer or a layer of a coating solution diluted in a suitable solvent on a substrate by applying, and if necessary, aged or heat-treated the layer.
- the aging or heat treatment may be performed based on, for example, the phase transition temperature or the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer, and may be performed, for example, at a temperature above the glass transition temperature or the phase transition temperature.
- the time for which such heat treatment is performed is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, within a range of about 1 minute to 72 hours, but this may be changed as necessary.
- the heat treatment temperature of the polymer thin film may be, for example, about 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., but this may be changed in consideration of the block copolymer used.
- the formed layer may, in another example, be solvent aged for about 1 minute to 72 hours in a nonpolar solvent and / or a polar solvent at room temperature.
- the present application also relates to a pattern forming method.
- the method selectively removes the first or second block of the block copolymer, for example, from a laminate having a substrate and a polymer film formed on the surface of the substrate and comprising the self-assembled block copolymer. It may include the process of doing.
- the method may be a method of forming a pattern on the substrate.
- the method may include forming a polymer film comprising the block copolymer on the substrate, and etching the substrate after selectively removing any one or more blocks of the block copolymer present in the film. . In this way, for example, formation of nanoscale fine patterns is possible.
- the block copolymer in the polymer film various types of patterns such as nanorods or nanoholes may be formed through the above method. If necessary, the block copolymer and other copolymers or homopolymers may be mixed to form a pattern.
- the type of the substrate to be applied in this manner is not particularly limited and may be selected as necessary, for example, silicon oxide or the like may be applied.
- this approach can form nanoscale patterns of silicon oxide that exhibit high aspect ratios.
- the silicon oxide is removed in various ways, for example, By etching by reactive ion etching, various forms including nanorods or nanohole patterns may be realized.
- the pattern may be implemented on a scale of several tens of nanometers, and the pattern may be utilized for various applications including, for example, a magnetic recording medium for next generation information electronics.
- the above method may form a nanostructure having a width of about 3 nm to 40 nm, for example, a pattern in which nanowires are disposed at intervals of about 6 nm to 80 nm.
- a structure in which nano holes having a width for example, a diameter of about 3 nm to 40 nm are disposed when forming an interval of about 6 nm to 80 nm.
- the nanowires or the nanoholes may have a large aspect ratio.
- the method of selectively removing any block of the block copolymer in the above method is not particularly limited.
- a method of removing a relatively soft block by irradiating an appropriate electromagnetic wave, for example, ultraviolet rays, to the polymer film may be employed.
- an appropriate electromagnetic wave for example, ultraviolet rays
- UV irradiation conditions are determined according to the type of the block of the block copolymer, for example, it can be carried out by irradiating ultraviolet light of about 254 nm wavelength for 1 minute to 60 minutes.
- the polymer film may be treated with an acid or the like to further remove the segment decomposed by the ultraviolet ray.
- the step of etching the substrate using the polymer film with the selectively removed block as a mask is not particularly limited, and may be performed through, for example, a reactive ion etching step using CF 4 / Ar ions, and the like.
- the step of removing the polymer film from the substrate by oxygen plasma treatment or the like may also be performed.
- a block copolymer and its use can be provided.
- 1 to 15 is a view showing a SEM or AFM picture of the polymer film.
- 16 to 20 are diagrams showing the GISAXS results of the polymer membrane.
- NMR analysis was performed at room temperature using an NMR spectrometer including a Varian Unity Inova (500 MHz) spectrometer with triple resonance 5 mm probe.
- Solvent for NMR Measurement (CDCl 3 ) was diluted to a concentration of about 10 mg / ml, the chemical shift was expressed in ppm.
- br wide signal
- s singlet
- d doublet
- dd doublet
- t triplet
- dt doublet
- q quartet
- p quintet
- m multiplet.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- Mn molecular weight distribution
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- an analyte such as a block copolymer or macroinitiator of Examples or Comparative Examples
- THF tetrahydro furan
- the standard sample for calibration and the sample to be analyzed were filtered through a syringe filter (pore size: 0.45 ⁇ m) and measured.
- the analysis program used ChemStation of Agilent Technologies, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) were obtained by comparing the elution time of the sample with the calibration curve, and the molecular weight distribution (PDI) was used as the ratio (Mw / Mn). ) was calculated.
- the measurement conditions of GPC are as follows.
- the compound of formula A (DPM-C12) was synthesized in the following manner. Hydroquinone (10.0 g, 94.2 mmol) and 1-Bromododecane (23.5 g, 94.2 mmol) were added to a 250 mL flask, dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile and excess potassium was added. Potassium carbonate was added and reacted at 75 ° C. for about 48 hours under nitrogen conditions. Potassium carbonate remaining after the reaction and acetonitrile used in the reaction were also removed. Work-up was performed by adding a mixed solvent of dichloromethane (DCM) and water, and the separated organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO 4 . Then purified by dichloromethane (DCM) in column chromatography (CC) to give a white solid intermediate in a yield of about 37%.
- DCM dichloromethane
- CC column chromatography
- R in formula (A) is a straight alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms.
- R in formula (B) is a linear alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms.
- R in formula (C) is a straight alkyl group having 10 carbon atoms.
- R in formula (D) is a linear alkyl group having 14 carbon atoms.
- R in formula (E) is a linear alkyl group having 16 carbon atoms.
- R in the formula (F) is a linear alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms.
- R in formula G is a linear alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.
- the yield of the block copolymer was about 18%, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 16,300 and 1.13, respectively.
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12) and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene.
- a block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound of Preparation Example 2 (DPM-C8) was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12). Prepared.
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 2 (DPM-C8) and a second block derived from a pentafluorostyrene monomer.
- a block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene in a manner similar to that of Example 1, except that the compound of Preparation Example 3 (DPM-C10) was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12).
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 3 (DPM-C10) and a second block derived from a pentafluorostyrene monomer.
- a block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound of Preparation Example 4 (DPM-C14) was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12). Prepared.
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 4 (DPM-C14) and a second block derived from a pentafluorostyrene monomer.
- a block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene in a manner similar to that of Example 1, except that the compound of Preparation Example 5 (DPM-C16) was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12).
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 5 (DPM-C16) and a second block derived from a pentafluorostyrene monomer.
- 3-hydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetrafluorostyrene was synthesized in the following manner. Pentafluorostyrene (25 g, 129 mmol) is added to a mixed solution of 400 mL tert -butanol and potassium hydroxide (37.5 g, 161 mmol) and reacted for 2 hours (reflux reaction). After the reaction was cooled to room temperature, 1200 mL of water was added thereto, and the remaining butanol used in the reaction was volatilized.
- the adducts were extracted three times with diethyl ether (300 mL), and the aqueous layer was acidified to a pH of about 3 with a 10% by weight hydrochloric acid solution to precipitate the desired product, again three times with diethyl ether (300 mL). Extraction was carried out to extract an organic layer. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO 4 and the solvent was removed. Crude product was purified by column chromatography using hexane and DCM (dichloromethane) as a mobile phase to give 3-hydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetrafluorostyrene (11.4 g) as a colorless liquid. It was.
- the NMR analysis result for the above is as follows.
- AIBN Azobisisobutyronitrile
- RAFT Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- reagent (2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate)
- DPM-C12 RAFT reagent
- AIBN Concentration: 70% by weight
- the block copolymer comprises a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1 and a second block derived from 3-hydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetrafluorostyrene.
- the compound of formula H was synthesized in the following manner. Phthalimide (10.0 g, 54 mmol) and chloromethyl styrene (8.2 g, 54 mmol) were added to 50 mL of DMF (dimethylformamide) and reacted for 18 hours at 55 C under nitrogen. I was. After the reaction, 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of distilled water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was extracted. The organic layer was washed with brine solution again. The combined organic layers were treated with MgSO 4 to remove water, and the solvent was finally removed and then recrystallized from pentane to give a desired white solid compound (11.1 g).
- the NMR analysis of the compound is as follows.
- AIBN Azobisisobutyronitrile
- RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- reagent (2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate)
- DPM-C12 the compound of Preparation Example 1 in benzene 50: 1: 0.2 by weight ratio
- DPM-C12 the compound of Preparation Example 1 in benzene 50: 1: 0.2 by weight ratio
- DPM- The large initiator number average molecular weight: 14000, molecular weight distribution: 1.2
- the synthesized macro initiator, the compound of formula H (TFS-PhIM) and AIBN were dissolved in benzene in a weight ratio of 1: 200: 0.5 (macro initiator: TFS-PhIM: AIBN) (concentration: 30% by weight), nitrogen
- the block copolymer was prepared by reacting at 70 ° C. for 6 hours in an atmosphere (number average molecular weight: 35000, molecular weight distribution: 1.2).
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1 and a second block derived from the compound of Formula H.
- the block copolymer includes a first block and a polyethylene oxide block (second block) derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1.
- RAFT Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol, which was an extraction solvent, and then filtered and dried under reduced pressure to prepare a pink macromolecular initiator having a RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer) reagent bonded to both ends of the polymer.
- RAFT Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- the yield, number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the macroinitiators were 81.6 wt%, 15400 and 1.16, respectively.
- the yield, number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the block copolymer were 39.3 wt%, 31800 and 1.25, respectively.
- the block copolymer includes a first block and a polystyrene block (second block) derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1.
- the yield, number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the block copolymer were 44.2 wt%, 29600 and 1.35, respectively.
- the block copolymer includes a first block and a poly (4-trimethylsilylstyrene) block (second block) derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1.
- the adducts were extracted three times with diethyl ether (300 mL), and the aqueous layer was acidified to a pH of about 3 with a 10% by weight hydrochloric acid solution to precipitate the desired product, again three times with diethyl ether (300 mL). Extraction was performed to extract an organic layer containing the target substance. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO 4 and the solvent was removed. Crude product was purified by column chromatography using hexane and DCM (dichloromethane) as mobile phase to give a colorless liquid intermediate (3-hydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetrafluorostyrene) (11.4 g ) Was obtained.
- the NMR analysis result for the above is as follows.
- AIBN Azobisisobutyronitrile
- RAFT Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer
- reagent (2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate)
- DPM-C12 RAFT reagent
- AIBN Concentration: 70% by weight
- the synthesized macro initiator, the compound of formula I (TFS-S) and AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) were dissolved in benzene in a weight ratio of 1: 200: 0.5 (macro initiator: TFS-S: AIBN) (concentration: 30% by weight). ), And reacted at 70 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare a block copolymer (number average molecular weight: 35000, molecular weight distribution: 1.2).
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 1 and a second block derived from the formula (I).
- AIBN Azobisisobutyronitrile
- RAFT reagent (2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate)
- DPM-N1 RAFT reagent: AIBN
- the macromolecule initiator, pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and AIBN are dissolved in benzene (concentration: 30% by weight) in a weight ratio of 1: 600: 0.5 (macro initiator: PFS: AIBN), and reacted at 115 ° C. for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the block copolymer (number average molecular weight: 17300, molecular weight distribution: 1.2) was synthesize
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 6 and a second block derived from pentafluorostyrene.
- a block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound of Preparation Example 7 (DPM-C4) was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12). Prepared.
- the block copolymer includes a first block derived from the compound of Preparation Example 7 (DPM-C4) and a second block derived from pentafluorostyrene.
- a block copolymer was prepared using the macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using 4-? Methoxyphenyl methacrylate instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12). It was.
- the block copolymer comprises a first block derived from the 4-methoxyphenyl methacrylate and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene.
- a block copolymer was prepared using the macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dodecyl methacrylate was used instead of the compound of Preparation Example 1 (DPM-C12).
- the block copolymer comprises a first block derived from the dodecyl methacrylate and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene.
- each copolymer was dissolved in a solvent at a concentration of about 1.0% by weight and spin-coated on a silicon wafer for 60 seconds at a speed of 3000 rpm. Thereafter, the solvents were self-assembled by solvent annealing or thermal annealing. Solvent and aging method applied for each block copolymer are summarized in Table 1 below. Thereafter, scanning electron microscope (SEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM) photographs of each polymer film were taken to evaluate self-assembly efficiency.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- AFM atomic force microscopy
- the block copolymer prepared in Example from Test Example 1 shows excellent self-assembly.
- the GSAXS Gram Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering
- the characteristics were measured using a Pohang accelerator 3C beamline.
- the coating solution prepared by diluting the block copolymer of Example 1 to a solid content concentration of 0.7 wt% in fluorobezene was spin coated to a substrate having a hydrophilic surface or a hydrophobic surface at a thickness of about 5 nm (coating area: horizontal).
- An X-ray diffraction pattern scattered from the film with a 2D marCCD was obtained after injecting X-rays into the formed film at an incident angle in the range of about 0.12 degrees to 0.23 degrees corresponding to the angle between the film's critical angle and the substrate's critical angle.
- the distance from the film to the detector was selected in a range where the self-assembly pattern formed on the film was observed within a range of about 2 m to 3 m.
- a substrate having a normal wetting angle of pure water was about 5 degrees
- a substrate having a hydrophobic surface of about 60 degrees was used as a substrate having a hydrophobic surface.
- the results of measuring Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering (GISAXS) in the manner described above for the surface having a room temperature wet angle for pure water of 5 degrees are shown in FIG. 16, and the surface having a room temperature wet angle for pure water as a hydrophobic surface is 60 degrees.
- the results of the GISAXS (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering) measured for are shown in FIG. 17. In any case, the diffraction pattern on in-play was confirmed from the figure, and it can be confirmed from this that the block copolymer of Example 1 exhibits vertical alignment.
- Example 1 In addition, in the same manner as in Example 1 A block copolymer was prepared, but a block copolymer having a different volume fraction was prepared by controlling the molar ratio of the monomer and the macro initiator.
- the volume fraction of the prepared block copolymer is as follows.
- the volume fraction of each block of the block copolymer was calculated based on the density at room temperature of each block and the molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC).
- the density was measured using the buoyancy method, specifically, the mass in air and the density in a known solvent (ethanol) were calculated, and the GPC was calculated according to the method described above.
- FIGS. 18 to 20 are the results for Samples 1 to 3, respectively, and it can be seen from the figure that the in-plane diffraction pattern is confirmed on the GISAXS, from which it can be predicted to have a vertical orientation.
- Block copolymer prepared in Example from Test Example 1 shows excellent self-assembly.
- Surface energy, density, etc. were evaluated about the result of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3 which confirmed the especially suitable result among the Examples.
- Surface energy was calculated by calculating the contact angle by dropping each of deionized water (H 2 O) and diiodomethane, which are liquids of which surface tension is known, five times each, and calculating the average value thereof.
- the surface energy can be obtained by substituting a numerical value (Strom value) on the surface tension of the solvent by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method by applying the average contact angle.
- the surface energy of each block is the surface energy measured in the above manner with respect to the homopolymer obtained by polymerizing only the monomers forming the block.
- the measuring method of density is as having described in the said test example.
- the XRD pattern was obtained by measuring the scattering intensity according to the scattering vector q by transmitting X-rays to the sample in a Pohang accelerator 4C beamline.
- a block copolymer in a powder state obtained by removing impurities by purifying the block copolymer to be measured without special pretreatment was applied to an XRD measuring cell.
- X-rays having a vertical size of 0.023 mm and a horizontal size of 0.3 mm were used, and 2D marCCD was used as a detector.
- the diffraction pattern obtained after the scattered 2D diffraction pattern is obtained as an image is calibrated with a scattering vector (q) using silver behenate, and a circular average is plotted as scattering intensity with respect to the scattering vector (q). (plot).
- the scattering intensity according to the scattering vector q was plotted to determine the position of the peak and the half-height width (FWHM) through peak fitting. From the above results, it can be seen that the block copolymer exhibiting excellent self-assembly shows an unusual XRD pattern compared with the comparative example that is not.
- a peak having a half-height width in the range of 0.2 nm ⁇ 1 to 1.5 nm ⁇ 1 in the scattering vector q of 0.5 nm ⁇ 1 to 10 nm ⁇ 1 in the XRD pattern was identified. However, this peak was not confirmed in the comparative example.
Abstract
Description
코팅액 | 숙성(annealing) | |||
사용용매 | 블록공중합체농도 | 숙성방식 | 숙성조건 | |
실시예1 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예2 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예3 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예4 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예5 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예6 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 용매숙성 | 2 시간 |
실시예7 | 다이옥신 | 1.0 중량% | 용매숙성 | 1 시간 |
실시예8 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 용매숙성 | 2시간 |
실시예9 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예10 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 용매숙성 | 2시간 |
실시예11 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예12 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
비교예1 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
비교예2 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
비교예3 | 톨루엔 | 1.0 중량% | 열숙성 | 160℃, 1시간 |
실시예12 용매 숙성시 적용 용매: THF(tetrahydrofuran) 및 물의 혼합 용매(THF:물=4:6의 중량 비율)실시예 13 용매 숙성 시 적용 용매: 클로로포름실시예 14 용매 숙성시 적용 용매: THF(tetrahydrofuran) 및 물의 혼합 용매(THF:물=4:6의 중량 비율)실시예16 용매 숙성 시 적용 용매: 사이클로헥산 |
제1블록의 부피 분획 | 제2블록의 부피 분획 | |
샘플1 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
샘플2 | 0.59 | 0.41 |
샘플3 | 0.48 | 0.52 |
실시예 | 비교예 | |||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | ||
제1블록 | SE | 30.83 | 31.46 | 27.38 | 26.924 | 27.79 | 37.37 | 48.95 |
DE | 1 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.19 | |
VF | 0.66 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.69 | |
제1블록 | SE | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.4 |
DE | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | |
VF | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.31 | |
SE 차이 | 6.43 | 7.06 | 2.98 | 2.524 | 3.39 | 12.98 | 24.55 | |
DE 차이 | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.46 | 0.38 | |
SE: 표면 에너지(단위: mN/m)De: 밀도(단위: g/cm3)SE 차이: 제1블록의 표면 에너지와 제 2 블록의 표면 에너지의 차이의 절대값De 차이:제1블록의 밀도와 제 2 블록의 밀도의 차이의 절대값 |
실시예 | 비교예 | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | |
산란벡터(q값)(단위: nm-1) | 1.96 | 2.41 | 2.15 | 1.83 | 1.72 | 4.42 | 3.18 |
반높이 너비(단위: nm-1) | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 1.06 |
Claims (21)
- 하기 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록을 포함하는 블록 공중합체:[화학식 4]화학식 4에서 R은 수소 또는 알킬기이고, X는 단일 결합, 산소 원자, 황 원자, -S(=O)2-, 카보닐기, 알킬렌기, 알케닐렌기, 알키닐렌기, -C(=O)-X1- 또는 -X1-C(=O)-이고, 상기에서 X1은 산소 원자, 황 원자, -S(=O)2-, 알킬렌기, 알케닐렌기 또는 알키닐렌기이고, Y는 3개 이상의 사슬 형성 원자를 가지는 직쇄 사슬이 연결된 방향족 고리 구조를 포함하는 1가 치환기 또는 8개 이상의 사슬 형성 원자를 가지는 직쇄 사슬이 연결된 지환족 고리 구조를 포함하는 1가 치환기이다.
- 제 1 항에서, R은, 수소 또는 탄소수 1 내지 4의 알킬기인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, X는 단일 결합, 산소 원자, -C(=O)-O- 또는 -O-C(=O)-인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, X는 -C(=O)-O-인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 방향족 고리 구조 또는 지환족 고리 구조에 연결된 사슬은 8개 내지 20개의 사슬 형성 원자를 포함하는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 사슬 형성 원자는 탄소, 산소 또는 질소인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 사슬은 탄화수소 사슬인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 사슬은 방향족 고리 구조 또는 지환족 고리 구조에 직접 또는 링커를 통해 연결되어 있는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 링커는, 산소 원자, 황 원자, -NR3-, -S(=O)2-, 알킬렌기, 알케닐렌기 또는 알키닐렌기이며, 상기에서 R3는, 수소, 알킬기, 알케닐기, 알키닐기, 알콕시기 또는 아릴기인 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 방향족 고리 구조는 6개 내지 12개의 탄소 원자를 가지며, 지환족 고리 구조는 3개 내지 12개의 탄소 원자를 가지는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, X선 회절 분석에서 0.5 nm-1 내지 10 nm-1의 q값 내에서 반높이 너비가 0.2 nm-1 내지 1.5 nm-1의 범위 내에 있는 피크를 나타내는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 사슬의 사슬 형성 원자의 수(n)와 자기 조립된 상태에서의 제 1 블록간의 거리(D, 단위: nm)의 비율(n/D)이 2.5 nm-1 내지 5 nm-1의 범위 내에 있는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록의 부피 분율이 0.4 내지 0.8의 범위 내에 있는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록과의 표면 에너지 차이의 절대값이 2.5 mN/m 내지 7 mN/m의 범위 내에 있는 제 2 블록을 추가로 포함하는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록의 표면 에너지가 제 2 블록의 표면 에너지보다 높은 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록의 표면 에너지가 20 내지 35 mN/m의 범위 내에 있는 블록 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록과의 밀도 차이의 절대값이 0.3 g/cm3 이상인 제 2 블록을 추가로 포함하는 블록 공중합체.
- 자기 조립된 제 1 항의 블록 공중합체를 포함하는 고분자막.
- 자기 조립된 제 1 항의 블록 공중합체를 포함하는 고분자막을 기판상에 형성하는 것을 포함하는 고분자막의 형성 방법.
- 기판 및 상기 기판상에 형성되어 있고, 자기 조립된 제 1 항의 블록 공중합체를 포함하는 고분자막을 가지는 적층체에서 상기 블록 공중합체의 화학식 4로 표시되는 블록 또는 그와는 다른 블록을 선택적으로 제거하는 과정을 포함하는 패턴 형성 방법.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN106459326B (zh) | 2019-08-13 |
US20160311958A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
JP6496318B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
EP3078695A1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
JP2016540863A (ja) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3078695B1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3078695A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
CN106459326A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US10227437B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
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