WO2006025470A1 - 導電性粒子、可視光透過型粒子分散導電体およびその製造方法、透明導電薄膜およびその製造方法、これを用いた透明導電物品、赤外線遮蔽物品 - Google Patents
導電性粒子、可視光透過型粒子分散導電体およびその製造方法、透明導電薄膜およびその製造方法、これを用いた透明導電物品、赤外線遮蔽物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006025470A1 WO2006025470A1 PCT/JP2005/015948 JP2005015948W WO2006025470A1 WO 2006025470 A1 WO2006025470 A1 WO 2006025470A1 JP 2005015948 W JP2005015948 W JP 2005015948W WO 2006025470 A1 WO2006025470 A1 WO 2006025470A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
- C01G41/006—Compounds containing, besides tungsten, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/12—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like with a cylindrical shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/16—Nanowires or nanorods, i.e. solid nanofibres with two nearly equal dimensions between 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
- C03C2214/05—Particles; Flakes surface treated, e.g. coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/16—Microcrystallites, e.g. of optically or electrically active material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive particle, a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor and a manufacturing method thereof, a transparent conductive thin film and a manufacturing method thereof, a transparent conductive article using the same, and an infrared shielding article.
- the present invention relates to an infrared ray in which fine particles of an infrared shielding material containing composite oxide fine particles having characteristics of transmitting light in the visible light region and absorbing light in the near infrared region are dispersed in a medium.
- a visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor using conductive particles containing tungstic acid compound or Z and composite tandesteric acid compound a visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor using conductive particles containing tungstic acid compound or Z and composite tandesteric acid compound
- this visible light transmission type The present invention relates to a visible light transmissive conductive article formed from a particle dispersed conductor, conductive particles used in these visible light transmissive particle dispersed conductor and visible light transmissive conductive article, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film that transmits light in the visible light region and a manufacturing method thereof, a transparent conductive article using the transparent conductive film, and a visible light transmission type infrared shielding article using the transparent conductive film.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an inorganic pigment such as carbon black and titanium black having absorption characteristics for light from the visible light region to the near-infrared region, and the visible light region.
- a light-shielding film containing a black pigment containing an organic pigment such as ashlin black which is strong only in the light of light and has absorption characteristics has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a noble film on which a metal such as aluminum is deposited. A mirror type light shielding member has been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 on a transparent glass substrate, as a first layer from the substrate side, group force consisting of Ilia group, IVa group, Vb group, VIb group and Vllb group forces of at least one selected from the periodic table is selected.
- group force consisting of Ilia group, IVa group, Vb group, VIb group and Vllb group forces of at least one selected from the periodic table is selected.
- a composite tungsten oxide film containing various metal ions is provided and transparent as the second layer on the first layer.
- a dielectric film is provided, and the second layer contains at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of Ilia group, IVa group, Vb group, VIb group and Vllb group of the periodic table as a third layer on the second layer
- a composite tungsten oxide film is provided, and the refractive index of the second transparent dielectric film is lower than the refractive index of the first and third composite tungsten oxide films. Therefore, a heat ray-shielding glass that can be suitably used in a site where high visible light transmittance and good heat ray-shielding performance are required has been proposed.
- Patent Document 4 a first dielectric film is provided as a first layer from the substrate side on a transparent glass substrate in the same manner as in Patent Document 3, and the second layer is formed on the first layer.
- a heat ray-shielding glass in which a tungsten oxide film is provided and a second dielectric film is provided as a third layer on the second layer.
- Patent Document 5 a composite tungsten oxide film containing the same metal element is provided as a first layer from the substrate side on a transparent substrate by the same method as Patent Document 3, and the first Heat ray blocking glass has been proposed in which a transparent dielectric film is provided as a second layer on the layer.
- Patent Document 6 tungsten trioxide (WO), molybdenum trioxide (MoO), niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 3), containing an additive material such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, or potassium,
- Tantalum pentoxide (Ta O), vanadium pentoxide (V O) and vanadium dioxide (VO) Tantalum pentoxide (Ta O), vanadium pentoxide (V O) and vanadium dioxide (VO)
- Patent Document 7 uses a tungstic acid product obtained by hydrolyzing tungstic acid, and by adding an organic polymer having a specific structure called polyvinylpyrrolidone to the tungstic acid compound.
- an organic polymer having a specific structure called polyvinylpyrrolidone When irradiated with sunlight, it is absorbed by the UV-powered tungstic oxide in the light, generating excited electrons and holes, and the appearance of pentavalent tungsten is significantly increased by a small amount of UV light, resulting in a coloring reaction. In light of this, the color density increases, and at the same time, by blocking light, pentavalent tungsten is oxidized to hexavalent very quickly, and the decoloring reaction is accelerated.
- ITO Indium - Tin - Oxide
- Ru Ru
- carrier electrons are supplied from oxygen defects contained therein, it is a transparent conductive material exhibiting conductivity.
- Sn is added to this InO, the number of carrier electrons is greatly increased and high conductivity is exhibited.
- the transparent conductive film related to the fine particle dispersion of the present invention is currently used for various display elements, plasma light emitting display elements, transparent electrodes such as solar cells, infrared absorbing reflection films, antifogging films, electromagnetic shielding films, etc. It's being used.
- an aqueous solution (A) containing a silver salt and a palladium salt and an aqueous solution (B) containing a citrate ion and a ferrous ion are substantially included.
- Ag Pd fine particles are precipitated by mixing in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and a fine particle film formed by applying a coating solution containing the Ag Pd fine particles in water and Z or an organic solvent on a substrate (Patent Document) 10), or secondary particles with an average secondary particle size of 120-200 nm are formed from ITO fine particles with an average primary particle size of 10-60 nm, and this is formed using an ink composition in which the secondary particles are dispersed.
- Patent Document 12 a meta-type ammonium tungstate and various water-soluble metal salts are used as raw materials, and a dry solid of the mixed aqueous solution is insensitive to a heating temperature of about 300 to 700 ° C.
- M WO M element; gold such as alkali, alkaline earth, rare earth, etc.
- the tungsten bronze is considered as a solid material used for an electrode catalyst material such as a fuel cell, and the transparent conductivity is not considered.
- the transparent conductive film is used for an infrared absorption reflection film, an antifogging film, an electromagnetic shielding film and the like in addition to a transparent electrode such as a liquid crystal display element, a plasma light emitting display element, and a solar cell.
- liquid crystal display devices have been actively employed in office automation equipment such as personal computers and word processors in recent years, and the demand for transparent electrodes has also increased.
- the material has many conduction electrons (free electrons), and the conductivity is high, and the patterning property by etching is relatively easy.
- ITO Indium—Tin—Oxide
- O which is the base material of ITO, is an oxide semiconductor and is an oxygen defect contained in the crystal.
- Patent Document 14 proposes a highly transparent transparent conductive film containing an In oxide as a main component and containing Ge and having a visible light transmittance of 90% or more.
- Patent Document 16 is a double oxide having a defective fluorite crystal structure having three components of indium (In), antimony (Sb), and oxygen (O) as main constituent components, In Sb O
- Electrode film Sn, Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Pb, Cr, Mo, W, Te, V, Nb, Ta, Bi, As, Ce high-valent metal elements and F, Br, I halogen elements At least one kind of force chosen It is a transparent conductive film doped with 0.01 to 20 atomic percent of elements, and oxygen vacancies are generated by reducing annealing, thereby injecting carrier electrons, and has better visible light transmission than ITO. A transparent conductive film exhibiting good resistivity has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-29314
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-9 107815
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-8-59300
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-8-12378
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-8-283044
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-119045
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-127559
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-121884
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-249125
- Patent Document 10 JP 2000-90737 A
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-279137
- Patent Document 12 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-026554
- Patent Document 13 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-249125
- Patent Document 14 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-322333
- Patent Document 15 JP-A-11-302017
- Patent Document 16 JP-A-8-73223
- the window material to which the metal vapor deposition film described in Patent Document 2 is applied has a half-mirror appearance, and when used outdoors, there is a problem of landscape due to the reflection.
- the heat ray blocking materials described in Patent Documents 3 to 5 mainly use a dry method by a vacuum film formation method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method). Manufactured using. For this reason, a large manufacturing device is required and the manufacturing cost is increased. There are challenges.
- a vacuum film formation method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- a vacuum film formation method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- a vacuum film formation method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method).
- CVD method chemical vapor de
- the solar control coated glass sheet described in Patent Document 6 forms a film on glass by using a CVD method or a spray method and a thermal decomposition method together as a raw material.
- a CVD method or a spray method and a thermal decomposition method together as a raw material.
- the sunlight-modulable light-insulating material and the electochromic element described in Patent Documents 7 to 8 are materials that change their color tone due to ultraviolet rays or a potential difference, so the film structure is complicated and the color tone changes. However, it has been difficult to apply to the field of use in which it is not desired.
- the ITO conductive film described in Patent Document 9 is expensive because it uses indium, and an inexpensive transparent conductive thin film is industrially desired.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has a characteristic that light in the visible region is sufficiently transmitted and light in the near-infrared region is shielded.
- a large-scale manufacturing apparatus is required for film formation! Infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion, infrared shielding material produced from the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion, and production of infrared shielding material fine particles used in the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion
- the ITO conductive film described in Patent Documents 9 and 12 is expensive because it uses indium, and an inexpensive transparent conductive thin film is industrially desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor that is excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity and inexpensive.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide conductive particles used for the above-described visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a visible light transmissive conductive article using a visible light transmissive particle dispersed conductor which is excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity and is inexpensive.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing conductive particles, which can produce conductive particles for obtaining a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor that is excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity and inexpensive. There is to do.
- the ITO conductive film described in Patent Documents 12 and 13 and the conductive film mainly composed of In oxide described in Patent Documents 14 and 15 have a visible light transmittance and a film surface. Although it has excellent resistance (sheet resistance), it is expensive because it uses indium, and an inexpensive transparent conductive film is industrially desired.
- an object of the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is to provide an inexpensive transparent conductive film that is excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity.
- the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the transparent conductive film which can manufacture easily the transparent conductive film excellent in visible light transmittance
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive article using a transparent conductive film excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity and inexpensive.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a visible light transmission type infrared shielding article using a transparent conductive film excellent in visible light transmittance and conductivity and inexpensive.
- Tungsten trioxide is a wide bandgap oxide, and it exhibits almost no absorption of light in the visible light region, and it exhibits conductivity because there are no free electrons (conduction electrons) in its structure. Absent. However, the tungsten trioxide-tungsten power with a small amount of oxygen reduced, or the so-called tungsten bronze with tungsten trioxide added with positive elements such as Na, produces free electrons and develops conductivity. Is known. A small amount of oxygen has been reduced from this triacid tungsten, and a tandaste with a positive element added to tungsten triacid tungsten. Since bronze is recognized to absorb light in the visible light region, it should be applied as a particle-dispersed transparent conductive material.
- the present inventors have described that the above-described trioxide-tungsten power, in which a small amount of oxygen is reduced, and tungsten bronzes obtained by adding a positive element to tungsten trioxide absorb light having a wavelength of about 800 nm or more. Strong !, but wavelength 380 ⁇ ! The absorption of light in the wavelength region (visible light region) perceived by people around 780 nm is weaker than that in the former (light with a wavelength of about 800 nm or more). It was noted that it can be formed.
- the inventors of the present invention use a skeleton structure of triacid-tungsten to reduce the amount of oxygen in the triacid-tungsten because the trioxide-tungsten has a wide band gap, or By adding a cation, conduction electrons (free electrons) are generated, and the particle size and shape of the tandastenic acid oxide particles and composite tungstate oxide particles are controlled so that light in the visible light region is emitted. Conductive particles were produced while being transmitted, and a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor was obtained using the particles.
- Tungsten oxide represented by the general formula WyOz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999), or Z and the general formula MxWyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os,
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
- the second invention is:
- the conductive particles include acicular crystals or are all acicular crystals, the ratio of major axis to minor axis (major axis Z minor axis) in the acicular crystals is 5 or more, and Visible light according to the first invention, characterized in that the length of the major axis is 5 nm or more and 10000 m or less A transmissive particle-dispersed conductor.
- the third invention provides
- the conductive particles include plate crystals, or are all plate crystals, and the thickness of the plate crystals is not less than lnm and not more than 100 / zm, and the plate-like surface in the plate crystals
- the maximum value of the diagonal length is 5 nm or more and 500 / zm or less, and the ratio of the maximum value of the diagonal length and the thickness of the plate crystal (maximum value of the diagonal length Z thickness) is 5
- the visible light transmitting particle-dispersed conductor according to the first invention characterized in that it is as described above.
- the fourth invention is:
- the fifth invention provides
- the first to fourth inventions wherein the crystalline structure of the conductive particles of the composite tungstate oxide represented by MxWyOz includes an amorphous structure or a cubic, tetragonal or hexagonal tungsten bronze structure
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the above.
- the sixth invention is:
- the additive element M is Cs, Rb, K, Tl, Ba, ⁇ ⁇ , Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn.
- the seventh invention provides
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, wherein the shape of the conductive particles is at least one of granular, needle-like or plate-like. is there.
- the eighth invention provides
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor is in the form of a film.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the inventions.
- the ninth invention provides
- the visible light transmitting particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the first to eighth inventions, wherein the visible light transmitting particle-dispersed conductor includes a binder.
- the tenth invention is:
- Conductive particles used in the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the first to tenth inventions are used in the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to any one of the first to tenth inventions.
- a visible light transmission type conductive article wherein the visible light transmission type particle dispersed conductor according to any one of the first to tenth inventions is formed on a substrate.
- Tungsten oxide represented by the general formula WyOz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999), or Z and the general formula MxWyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, One or more elements selected from Bi ⁇ I, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, and 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l.1, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0)
- a method for producing conductive particles comprising a composite tungstate oxide comprising:
- a method for producing conductive particles characterized in that the conductive particles are produced by heat-treating a tungsten compound as a raw material of the conductive particles in a reducing gas or Z and inert gas atmosphere. is there.
- a tungsten compound as a raw material for the conductive particles is heat-treated at 100 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower in a reducing gas atmosphere, and then, if necessary, an inert gas atmosphere.
- Tungsten compounds as raw materials for the above conductive particles Tungsten trioxide, tungsten dioxide, tungsten oxide hydrate, 6 salt tungsten, ammonium tungstate, tungstic acid, tungsten hexachloride in alcohol Of tungsten oxide obtained by dissolving in water and drying, and adding tungsten after dissolving tungsten hexachloride in alcohol to form a precipitate and drying the precipitate.
- the conductive particles according to the thirteenth or fourteenth invention characterized in that the hydrate, a tungsten compound obtained by drying an ammonium tungstate aqueous solution, metallic tungsten, or any one of the forces selected. It is a manufacturing method.
- Tungsten compound as a raw material for the conductive particles according to the fifteenth invention
- M element (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr , Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni ⁇ Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, Simple substance containing one or more elements selected from F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, and I)
- Tungsten trioxide is a wide band gap material that transmits light in the visible light region, and has no force conductivity.
- the present inventor makes use of this skeleton structure of tungsten trioxide-tungsten, further reduces the oxygen content of this tungsten trioxide-tungsten, or adds cations to generate conduction electrons, thereby making visible light visible.
- a transparent conductive film that maintains electrical conductivity while transmitting light in the optical region has been produced.
- a elements As an element having the same properties as tungsten described above, Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, There are V, Re, Pt, Pd, and Ti (hereinafter, these elements may be abbreviated as A elements.) O And the oxides of these A elements are the same as the tungsten oxides. It has a so-called tungsten bronze structure containing positive elements in the crystal. Therefore, the present inventors also conceived a conductive film using a so-called tungsten bronze structure using an A element and a so-called tungsten bronze structure using an A element, and produced these conductive films. .
- Tungsten oxide represented by the general formula WyOz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999), or Z and the general formula MxWyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os,
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
- the complex element contains at least one of Cs, Rb, K, Tl, ⁇ , Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, and Sn, and the composite oxide represented by the general formula MxWyOz,
- the nineteenth invention is a first invention.
- the tungstic acid strength includes a magnesium phase having a composition ratio represented by the general formula WyOz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.45 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999). Or it is the transparent conductive film as described in 18th invention.
- the twentieth invention is a first invention.
- any one of the seventeenth to nineteenth aspects of the present invention comprising at least one of a composite tungstic acid physical force expressed by MxWyOz, an amorphous structure, or a cubic, tetragonal or hexagonal tungsten bronze structure It is a transparent conductive film as described above.
- the twenty-second invention provides
- the twenty-third invention provides
- the transparent conductive film according to the twenty-second invention which contains one or more of a cubic, tetragonal or hexagonal tungsten bronze structure.
- the element M includes one or more of Cs, Rb, K, Tl, ⁇ , Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, and Sn, and is represented by the general formula MAWO.
- the transparent conductive film according to the 22nd or 23rd invention characterized by having a crystal structure.
- a transparent conductive article characterized in that the transparent conductive film according to any one of the seventeenth to twenty-fourth inventions is formed on a substrate.
- a film thickness of the transparent conductive film is not less than 1 nm and not more than 5000 nm, The transparent conductive article according to the invention.
- An infrared shielding article characterized in that the transparent conductive film according to any one of the seventeenth to twenty-sixth inventions is formed on a substrate and has an infrared ray shielding function.
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb,
- One or more selected elements 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ G ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ J ⁇ 3)
- the solution containing the tungstic oxide or Z and the composite tungsten oxide or Z and the composite oxide raw material compound is applied to the substrate and then heat-treated in a reducing gas or Z and inert gas atmosphere.
- a method for producing a transparent conductive film comprising producing the transparent conductive film.
- the twenty-ninth invention provides
- a surfactant is added to the solution containing the raw material compound of the tungstic oxide or Z and the composite tungstic oxide or Z and the composite oxide, and then applied to the substrate. It is a manufacturing method of the transparent conductive film as described in invention.
- tungsten When the solution containing the tungsten oxide or Z and the composite compound of the tungsten oxide or Z and the composite oxide contains tungsten, a solution obtained by dissolving tungsten hexachloride in alcohol, and / or A method for producing a transparent conductive film according to the twenty-eighth or twenty-ninth invention, which is an aqueous solution of ammonium tungstate. It is.
- the thirty-first invention provides
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni ⁇ Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, A solution containing a compound containing one or more elements selected from Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, and I), or after adding a surfactant, The method for producing a transparent conductive film according to any one of the 28th to 30th inventions, wherein the transparent conductive film is applied.
- the thirty-second invention relates to
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower in a reducing gas atmosphere, and then, if necessary, at a temperature of 550 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower in an inert gas atmosphere.
- 32. The method for producing a transparent conductive film according to any one of the 28th to 31st inventions, wherein heat treatment is performed.
- a material containing free electrons exhibits a reflection-absorption response to electromagnetic waves in the vicinity of a solar ray region having a wavelength of 200 nm to 2600 nm by plasma oscillation. It is known that when powders of such materials are made into fine particles smaller than the wavelength of light, geometrical scattering in the visible light region (wavelength 380 nm to 780 nm) is reduced, and transparency in the visible light region can be obtained. Yes.
- the term “transparency” is used to mean that there is little scattering with respect to light in the visible light region and that the transmission characteristics are high.
- tungsten bronze in which a positive element such as Na is added to tungsten trioxide is known as a conductive material and a material having free electrons.
- a positive element such as Na
- a element elements having the same properties as above
- the oxides of these A elements also have a so-called tungsten bronzes structure containing positive elements in the crystals, like the tungsten oxides.
- Characteristics and the response of free electrons to light in the infrared region are suggested.
- the inventors have increased the amount of free electrons contained in the composite oxide microparticles containing tungsten or A element, thereby enabling effective visible light transmissive near-infrared shields and visible light transmissive conductive infrared shields. As a result, the present invention has been conceived.
- a film produced by dispersing the composite oxide fine particles in an appropriate medium is formed by vacuum film formation such as sputtering, vapor deposition, ion plating, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- vacuum film formation such as sputtering, vapor deposition, ion plating, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in which infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed in a medium, wherein the infrared shielding material fine particles have the general formula M A W O (where M element is
- H He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al , Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi ⁇
- One or more elements selected from the force of I A element is Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, V, Re, Pt, Pd, Ti
- T is tungsten
- O is an infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion characterized by containing complex oxide fine particles represented by oxygen, 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ G ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ J ⁇ 3).
- the complex oxide fine particles represented by the general formula M A W O have a hexagonal crystal structure.
- a thirty-third invention characterized in that it is at least one of composite oxide fine particles having a crystal structure, composite oxide fine particles having a tetragonal crystal structure, and composite oxide fine particles having a cubic crystal structure
- the thirty-fifth invention provides
- the M element is one or more of Cs, Rb, K, Tl, ⁇ , Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, and Sn.
- the composite oxide represented by the general formula MAWO has a hexagonal crystal structure.
- An infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion according to the thirty-third or thirty-fourth invention characterized by comprising:
- any of the thirty-third to thirty-fifth inventions wherein the surface of the fine particles of the infrared shielding material is coated with an oxide containing at least one element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, and A1.
- the resin is polyethylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polybutyl alcohol resin, polystyrene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene acetate copolymer, polyester resin, Infrared shielding material according to the thirty-seventh aspect of the invention, characterized in that it is at least one of polyethylene terephthalate resin, fluorine resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, and polybulutyl resin resin It is a fine particle dispersion.
- An infrared shielding material according to any one of the thirty-third to thirty-eighth inventions, wherein the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion is formed in a plate shape, a film shape, or a thin film shape.
- the forty-first invention provides The infrared shielding body according to the thirty-ninth invention
- V value When the maximum value of total light transmittance in the region of ⁇ 700nm is V value, the V value is 10% or more and the surface resistance value is 1 X ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or less. It is an infrared shielding body.
- the forty-second invention relates to
- Rare earth elements Mg ⁇ Zr ⁇ Cr ⁇ Mn, Fe ⁇ Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni ⁇ Pd, Pt ⁇ Cu, Ag ⁇ Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, One type selected from Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, I
- a element is one or more elements selected from Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, V, Re, Pt, Pd, Ti, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1 2.
- the forty-third invention provides
- the starting material of the composite oxide fine particles is a tungsten compound, an A element compound, and an M element compound.
- the infrared ray according to the 42nd invention wherein the starting material for the composite oxide fine particles is a powder obtained by mixing a solution of a tungsten compound, an A element compound, and an M element compound and then drying the mixture. It is a manufacturing method of shielding material particulates.
- a general formula MAWO produced by the method for producing fine particles of infrared shielding material according to any of the 42nd to 44th inventions (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, Lucari earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl , Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se ⁇ Br ⁇ Te ⁇ Ti ⁇ Nb ⁇ V, Mo, Ta ⁇ Re ⁇ Be ⁇ Hf ⁇ Os, Bi ⁇ I
- a element is selected from Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, V, Re, Pt, Pd, Ti, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ G ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ J ⁇ 3)
- Infrared shielding material fine particles characterized by containing composite oxide fine particles.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to the first to tenth aspects of the present invention is a conductive particle in which conduction oxygen is generated by reducing the amount of oxygen in tandane trioxide, or Z and trioxide. Because it contains conductive particles containing composite tungsten oxides that have generated conduction electrons by adding cations to tungsten, it has excellent light transmission in the visible light region and is also conductive. Excellent.
- the conductive particles according to the eleventh invention are excellent in light transmittance in the visible light region and excellent in conductivity, they are suitable for the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductors according to the first to tenth inventions. Can be used.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductive article according to the twelfth invention is excellent in light transmittance in the visible light region and excellent in conductivity.
- the tungsten compound as a raw material of the conductive particles is thermally treated in a reducing gas and / or inert gas atmosphere. Since conductive particles can be obtained, the conductive particles can be manufactured at a low cost by a simple method.
- the tungsten trioxide or a complex oxide of tungsten and A element can be used to generate conduction electrons. It is possible to obtain an inexpensive transparent conductive film that has excellent visible light transmittance and conductivity, including the produced composite tungsten oxide, and is transparent using this transparent conductive film.
- the conductive article transmits light in the visible light region, and at the same time can exhibit conductivity by the conduction electrons.
- the transparent conductive film is simply manufactured by applying a starting tungsten raw material solution to a substrate and then heat-treating in a reducing gas or Z and inert gas atmosphere. Therefore, it is industrially useful because it can be easily produced using an inexpensive material as compared with a conventional indium compound.
- the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion according to the 33rd to 41st aspects of the present invention is an infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in which infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed in a medium, and the infrared shielding material
- the fine particles have the general formula MAWO (where the M element is H, He,
- the dispersion itself can function as a conductive material by bringing particles in the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion into contact with each other. It can also be used as an infrared shielding material that is transparent to visible light and conductive.
- the above-mentioned infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion when the above-mentioned infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion is produced, it can be produced at low cost without using a large-scale apparatus such as a vacuum apparatus, and is industrially useful.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to the present invention has a general formula WyOz (where W is tandasten, O is oxygen, and 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999). Or Z and general formula MxWyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg ⁇ Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe ⁇ Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt ⁇ Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, One or more elements selected from Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, I, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l 1, 2.
- Conductive particles with a dust resistance measured under 9.8 MPa pressure of 1.0 ⁇ 'cm or less It is obtained by forming a contact conductor together by a plurality of sets.
- the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis Z minor axis) in the acicular crystals is 5
- the major axis length is 5 nm or more and 10000 m.
- the thickness of the plate crystal is 1 nm or more and 100 m or less
- the plate shape in the plate crystal is The maximum diagonal length of the surface is 5 nm or more and 500 / zm or less, and the ratio of the maximum diagonal length and the thickness of the plate crystal (maximum diagonal length Z thickness) is That is 5 or more.
- Tungsten Trioxide (WO) is an effective conduction electron
- the composition range of tungsten and oxygen is such that the composition ratio of oxygen to tandasten is less than 3, and the conductive particles are described as WyOz.
- the conductive particles are described as WyOz.
- 2. 2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999 is preferable. If this zZy value is 2.2 or more, it is possible to avoid the appearance of a WO crystal phase other than the intended purpose in the conductive material.
- the above-mentioned composite tungstic acid compound may be further divided into the triacid-tungsten (WO) element.
- M element is H He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg Zr Cr Mn Fe Ru Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Al Ga In, Tl Si Ge Sn Pb
- Sb BFPS Se Br Te Ti Nb V Mo Ta R e Be Hf Os Bi I one or more elements selected by force
- conduction electrons free electrons
- this conductive material has a general formula MxWyOz (where M element is H He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg Zr Cr Mn Fe Ru Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Al Ga In, Tl Si Ge Sn Pb Sb BFPS Se Br Te Ti Nb V Mo Ta Re Be Hf Os Bi I
- M element is H He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg Zr Cr Mn Fe Ru Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Al Ga In, Tl Si Ge Sn Pb Sb BFPS Se Br Te Ti Nb V Mo Ta Re Be Hf Os Bi I
- One or more elements whose power is also selected, Wi, tungsten, ⁇ ⁇ or oxygen, 0.0001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l. 1 2. 2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3. 0) It is necessary to be a composite tungstate.
- the M element is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg Zr Cr Mn Fe Ru Co Rh Ir Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Al Ga In, Tl Si Ge Sn Pb Sb BFPS Se Br Te Ti Nb V Mo Ta Re Be Hf Os Bi I It is more preferable that it is one or more elements selected from the forces.
- MxWyOz (where M element is the M element Element, W is tungsten, O is oxygen), and materials satisfying the relationship of 0. 001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l. 1, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0 are desirable.
- MxWyOz has a so-called Tandasten bronze crystal structure as described above.
- the amount of M element added to 1 mol of tungsten stoichiometrically is about 0.33 mol in the case of hexagonal tungsten bronze crystal structure.
- the amount of additive element M added is not necessarily limited to the above-described additive amount.
- the conductive particles of the present embodiment preferably have a particle size of 1 nm or more.
- the size of the particles can be selected according to the purpose of use.
- the particle diameter is 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the wavelength is 380 ⁇ due to geometric scattering or Mie scattering! Because scattering of light in the visible light region of 780 nm is reduced, it can be avoided that the film becomes like frosted glass and clear transparency cannot be obtained. . That is, when the particle diameter is 200 nm or less, the geometric scattering or Mie scattering is reduced, and a Rayleigh scattering region is obtained.
- the particle diameter is less than lOOnm because the scattered light is very small. From the viewpoint of avoiding light scattering, a smaller particle size is preferred. In addition, if the particle size is lnm or more, industrial production and handling are easy.
- the shape of the conductive particles used in the present invention is preferably needle-like or plate-like. This is because the reason why the conductivity of the conductor is lowered is the contact resistance value between the particles. If the shape of the conductive particles is a needle-like or plate-like particle dispersion, the number of contact points between the particles is reduced. This is because it becomes easier to obtain a conductor having higher conductivity.
- the conductive particles used in the present invention include needle-like crystals, or when all are plate-like crystals, the thickness of the plate-like crystal particles is 1 nm or more and 100 / zm or less, and the plate-like surface
- the maximum length of the diagonal line is 5 nm or more and 500 / zm or less, and the ratio of the maximum value of the diagonal line on the plate-like surface to the thickness of the plate-like crystal is 5 or more.
- the dust resistance value of the conductive particles used in the present invention obtained as described above measured under a pressure of 9.8 MPa was 1. 1. ⁇ 'cm or less. If the dust resistance is 1. ⁇ -cm or less, an effective conductor film can be obtained and the application range is expanded.
- the tungstate oxide particles constituting the conductive particles of the present embodiment have the general formula Wy Oz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.45 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999) It is preferable that the composition contains a magnesium phase having a composition ratio represented by: This is because the “magnet phase” is chemically stable and preferred as a conductive material.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D are schematic views showing the crystal structures of tungsten oxide and composite tungsten oxide, and FIG. 1A shows the crystal structure of WO ((010) projection), (B) Is
- Cubic tungsten bronze crystal structure ((010) projection)
- C is tetragonal tandasten bronze crystal structure ((001) projection)
- D is hexagonal tungsten bronze crystal structure ((001 ) Projection).
- the structure of tungsten trioxide is an octahedral structure composed of WO.
- the magnetic phase is a structure in which the octahedral structure of WO is regularly shared by ridges and vertices.
- W O (WO) having the structure shown in FIG. 1 (A) is a icosahedron with WO as one unit.
- the structure and the octahedral structure of WO are regular structures with shared edges and vertices. like this
- the tungsten oxide with a simple structure is considered to exhibit conductivity because electrons emitted from oxygen force contribute as conduction electrons.
- tungsten trioxide-tungsten can generate conduction electrons even if the whole is uniform, non-uniform, or amorphous, and conductive characteristics can be obtained.
- the composite tungstic acid physical force amorphous structure represented by MxWyOz or a cubic, tetragonal or hexagonal tungsten bronze structure is included.
- the M element is located in the void formed by sharing the apex of the octahedral structure. It is thought that conduction electrons are generated by the addition of these M elements.
- the structure of composite tungstate is typical of cubic, tetragonal and hexagonal crystals. Examples of each structure are shown in Fig. 1 (B), (C) and (D).
- These composite tandastenic acid compounds have an upper limit of the amount of additive elements derived from the structure, and the maximum amount of addition of M element to 1 mol of W is 1 mol in the case of cubic crystals, In this case, it is about 0.5 mol (varies depending on the additive element, but it is about 0.5 mol that is easy to produce industrially), and in the case of hexagonal crystal is 0.33 mol.
- the range of the maximum addition amount of the additive element M is an example showing a particularly preferable range, and the present invention is not limited thereto. It is not done.
- the crystal structure can take various structures depending on the composite material, and the structure described above is also a representative example and is not limited to this.
- the optical characteristics vary depending on the structure.
- hexagonal crystals are the longest wavelength side. There is a tendency, and there is little absorption in the visible light region. The next is tetragonal crystals, and cubic crystals tend to absorb light from conduction electrons on the shorter wavelength side, and increase absorption in the visible light region. Therefore, for a transparent conductive film that transmits more visible light, a composite tungstic oxide having a hexagonal crystal structure is preferred for the above-mentioned reason.
- hexagonal crystals are formed when M elements with large ionic radii are added in complex tungstates. Specifically, Cs, K, Rb, Tl , Ba, ⁇ , Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn are preferably added to facilitate the formation of hexagonal crystals. However, other than these elements, they are formed in WO units, for example, hexagonal as shown in Fig. 1 (D).
- the additive element M is present in the void, it is not limited to the above elements.
- the composite tungstic oxide having such a hexagonal crystal structure may have a uniform crystal structure or an irregular shape.
- the addition amount of the additive element M is preferably 0.1 or more and 0.4 or less. Is preferably 0.33. This is because the theoretically calculated value of the crystal structural force is 0.33, and preferable conductive properties can be obtained with the addition amount around this value.
- the shape of the conductive particles of the present embodiment is at least one of a granular shape, a needle shape, and a plate shape.
- the tungstic oxide particles and composite tungstate oxide particles constituting the conductive particles are easily generated in a needle shape (for example, W O (WO
- the hexagonal tungsten bronze can be formed into a plate shape (for example, FIG. 6 (A) shows an SEM observation image of a plate crystal of hexagonal tungsten bronze Cs WO according to Example 4 described later. A) See (B)), conductive
- the conductive particles according to the present invention are compared with the case where ITO particles or noble metal particles are used.
- a high-cost raw material such as In or noble metal is not used, the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor described below can be obtained at a low cost.
- Conductive particles containing tungstic oxide represented by the above general formula WyOz W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999), and Z or MxWyO z
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re,
- One or more elements selected from Be, Hf, Os, Bi, and I, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0.
- Conductive particles comprising composite tungstate compounds are inert to tungsten compounds (hereinafter referred to as tungsten compound starting materials) that are the raw materials for the conductive particles. Gas or / and reducing gas in atmosphere Obtained by heat treatment. Thereby, the conductive particles can be obtained at a low cost by a simple method.
- Tungsten compound starting materials of the above conductive particles include tungsten trioxide, diacid tungsten, or tungsten oxide hydrate, or salt 6 tandasten, or tungsten.
- tungsten trioxide When producing conductive particles of tungstic oxide, tungsten trioxide, hydrated powder of tungstic oxide, tungstic acid, or tungsten is used from the viewpoint of easy manufacturing process. It is further preferred to use an aqueous acid ammonium solution. In the case of producing composite tungsten oxide conductive particles, an aqueous solution of ammonium tungstate or a 6 salt solution can be used from the viewpoint of easy uniform mixing of each element when the tungsten compound starting material is a solution. ⁇ Use a tungsten solution or tungstic acid if it is not liquid. And are preferred.
- the heat treatment conditions for producing the tungstate oxide particles are as follows.
- the tungsten compound starting material As heat treatment conditions in a reducing atmosphere, it is preferable to first heat the tungsten compound starting material at 100 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower in a reducing gas atmosphere. If it is 100 degreeC or more, a reductive reaction will fully advance and it is preferable. Moreover, if it is 850 degrees C or less, reduction
- the reducing gas is not particularly limited, but H is preferable.
- H is used as the reducing gas
- H as the composition of the reducing atmosphere is
- the 2 2 ratio is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 2% or more by volume ratio.
- H is
- the particles obtained here are further 550 ° C or higher and 1200 ° C or lower in an inert gas atmosphere in order to improve crystallinity or remove the adsorbed reducing gas.
- Heat treatment at a temperature of Heat treatment conditions in an inert gas atmosphere are preferably 550 ° C or higher.
- the tungsten compound starting material heat-treated at 550 ° C or higher shows sufficient conductivity.
- an inert gas such as Ar or N as the inert gas.
- tungstic oxide compound represented by the general formula WyOz and 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999 and including a magnetic phase can be obtained.
- the heat treatment conditions for producing the composite tungstate oxide particles are as follows.
- Tungsten compound starting material and M element (however, M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh) Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te , Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, I) Tungsten compound starting material solution or dispersion liquid and compound containing M element A powder obtained by mixing a solution or dispersion and then drying is produced.
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh
- the mixing ratio of the starting composite compound and M element is the composition of M element and tungsten in the composite tungstic acid compound when the compound tungstic acid compound is expressed as Mx WyOz.
- the ratio shall be a predetermined value satisfying 0.001 ⁇ xZy ⁇ l.
- the tungsten compound starting material containing M element is water.
- a solvent such as organic solvent.
- tungstate containing M element, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, oxide, carbonate, hydroxide, etc. are not limited to these, but it is in solution form. If it is, it is preferable.
- the process of evaporating the solvent from the solution state is complicated, so it is possible to mix and react with the solid.
- the raw materials used are preferably tungstic acid and M element carbonates or hydroxides.
- the heat treatment conditions are the same as the heat treatment conditions for producing the tungstic acid particles described above.
- the following heat treatment conditions can be proposed for the production of complex tungstate oxide with good crystallinity.
- the heat treatment conditions vary depending on the starting material and the type of the target compound, and thus are not limited to the following methods.
- the heat treatment temperature in the subsequent inert atmosphere is 700 ° C to 1200 ° C. C force.
- the conductive particles of the present embodiment can obtain visible light transmittance by controlling the composition, particle size, and shape of the conductive particles as described above.
- a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor can be formed at a lower cost than when ITO particles or noble metal particles are used.
- a method for applying the conductive particles there is a method in which the conductive particles are dispersed in an appropriate medium by a dispersion method as described below to form a conductor on a desired substrate.
- This person In this method, conductive particles fired at a high temperature in advance are dispersed in the base material or bound to the surface of the base material with a binder. It can be applied, and does not require a large force device such as a vacuum film forming method when forming a conductor, and is inexpensive.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor of the present embodiment can be formed into a film shape, or can be formed by binding conductive particles fired at a high temperature in advance to the substrate surface with a binder.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably a transparent resin or a transparent dielectric.
- the conductive particles according to the present embodiment are dispersed in an appropriate solvent, and if necessary, a medium resin is added thereto, followed by coating on the surface of the substrate, the solvent is evaporated, and the resin is prepared by a predetermined method. Is cured, a visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor film in which the conductive particles are dispersed in the medium can be formed.
- the coating method is not particularly limited as long as the resin containing conductive particles can be uniformly coated on the surface of the substrate, and examples thereof include a bar coating method, a dalabya coating method, a spray coating method, and a dip coating method.
- a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam curable resin, a room temperature curable resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like can be selected according to the purpose.
- a binder using a metal alkoxide can be used as the medium.
- the metal alkoxide include alkoxides such as Si, Ti, Al, and Zr. Binders using these metal alkoxides can form an oxide film by heating after hydrolysis.
- the conductive particles according to the present embodiment are dispersed in an appropriate solvent, coated on the surface of the base material, and the solvent is evaporated, whereby the conductive particles are dispersed on the surface of the base material.
- a type particle-dispersed conductor film can be formed.
- a solution containing resin or the like is applied over the conductor film to dissolve the film. It is preferable to evaporate the medium and form a protective film.
- the coating method is not particularly limited as long as the resin surface containing conductive particles can be uniformly coated on the surface of the base material, and examples thereof include a bar coating method, a dalabya coating method, a spray coating method, and a dip coating method. .
- the method for dispersing the conductive particles is not particularly limited! However, for example, ultrasonic irradiation, a bead mill, a sand mill, or the like can be used. It is also possible to add various additives or adjust the pH to obtain a uniform dispersion.
- the base material is not limited to a shape that may be film-like or board-like as desired.
- PET acrylic, urethane, polycarbonate, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride, fluorine resin, and the like can be used for various purposes.
- glass can be used other than rosin.
- the conductive particles may be dispersed in the base material.
- the conductive particles may be permeated from the surface of the base material, and the temperature of the conductive particles is set to be higher than the melting temperature of the base material. After being raised and melted, it may be mixed with a resin.
- the resin containing the conductive particles thus obtained can be formed into a film shape or a board shape by a predetermined method and applied as a conductive material.
- a dispersion of PET resin and conductive particles is mixed, the dispersion solvent is evaporated, and then the melting temperature of PET resin is used.
- the melting temperature of PET resin is used.
- the conductive particles of tungstic oxide or the conductive particles of composite tungstate can form needle-like crystals as shown in FIG. 4 by an appropriate heat treatment.
- acicular crystals have the effect of improving the conductivity of the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor film.
- the reason for this is that the visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor film uses a needle-like crystal, although the resistance value of the film is worse than that of Balta due to the contact resistance value between particles. This is because each of these needle-like crystals serves as a conductive path, so that the electron transport is efficiently performed with a small contact resistance value compared to the connection of fine granular particles, so that the conductivity is improved.
- Conductive particles of hexagonal tungsten bronze which are conductive particles of composite tungstate oxide, can form plate-like crystals as shown in FIG.
- a plate-like crystal is easily formed when the additive element M is added in an amount greater than 0.33.
- the obtained plate-like crystal can reduce the contact resistance value per unit area as compared with the fine particles when dispersed, and thus it is easy to improve the conductivity.
- the pulverization method may be a normal pulverization method.
- the optical characteristics of the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor according to this embodiment were measured using a spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. U-4000), and the visible light transmittance was calculated based on CFIS R3106.
- Figure 2 shows the transmission profile of the particle-dispersed conductor.
- Figure 2 is a graph with the horizontal axis representing the transmitted light wavelength and the vertical axis representing the light transmittance (%).
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor film formed by the conductive particles of W 2 O is visible.
- the transmission profile of the visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor formed with the conductive particle force of the hexagonal composite tungstate oxide is
- Figure 3 shows.
- Fig. 3 is a graph with the horizontal axis representing the wavelength of light transmitted and the vertical axis representing the light transmittance (%).
- the child-dispersed conductor film has a wavelength of 380 ⁇ which is visible light! It was found that it transmits light at ⁇ 780 nm and has excellent transparency in the visible light region.
- the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor is a large-scale film formation such as a vacuum film forming method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an ion plating method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method). Since a visible light transmitting particle-dispersed conductor can be formed by a coating method or the like without requiring an apparatus, it is inexpensive and industrially useful.
- tungsten trioxide In general, tungsten trioxide (WO) has no effective conduction electrons and is therefore visible.
- the element having the same property as the above-described tungsten there is the above-described A element.
- These oxides of the A element also have a so-called tungsten bronze structure containing positive elements in the crystal, like the tungsten oxide. For this reason, a part of the tungsten site is replaced with element A to form a composite with tungstic oxide, or a conductive film having a so-called tungsten bronze structure using element A instead of tungsten. It has been found that even if formed, it is possible to develop conductivity by the conduction electrons while transmitting light in the visible light region.
- the transparent conductive film starts from a solution containing a tungsten oxide or a solution containing an element A compound containing a tungsten oxide which is a raw material of Z and a composite tandastene oxide described later. It is obtained by a simple method in which a raw material solution is applied, and the starting raw material solution is applied to a base material, and then the base material coated with the starting raw material solution is heat-treated in a reducing gas or Z and inert gas atmosphere. It was found that
- the transparent conductive film of this embodiment has a general formula WyOz (where W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999), or Z Formula Mx WyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, M g, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb , Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, I W is tungsten, O is oxygen, and includes composite tungsten oxide expressed as 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0), and transmits in the wavelength range of 400nm to 780nm The maximum value of the ratio is 10% or more and less than 92%, and the
- the composition range of tungsten and oxygen is When the composition ratio of oxygen to tungsten is less than 3, and when the transparent conductive film is described as WyOz, it is preferably 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999. If this zZy value is 2.2 or more, it is possible to avoid the appearance of a WO crystal phase other than the intended purpose in the film.
- the transparent conductive film according to the present invention had a maximum transmittance of 10% or more and less than 92% in the visible light region having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 780 nm or less. If the maximum value of the transmittance is 10% or more, the application range for visible light transmission is wide. Moreover, it was technically easy to manufacture until the maximum transmittance was less than 92%. Note that the measurement was performed based on optical measurement and IS R3106 (light source: A light), and the visible light transmittance was calculated.
- the surface resistance value of the transparent conductive film according to the present invention was 1.0 X 10 1 (> ⁇ Higuchi or less. If the surface resistance value is used, the range of application as a conductive film is wide. The surface resistance value was measured using a surface resistance measuring machine (Lauresta MP MCP-T350) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical.
- the tungstic oxide is represented by the general formula Wy Oz (W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 2.45 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 2.999). It is preferred to include a Magneli phase with the indicated composition ratio.
- the structure of tungsten trioxide is an octahedral structure composed of WO. You can. In this octahedral structure, W atoms are located, oxygen is positioned at each vertex of the octahedral structure, and all octahedral structures share each vertex with the adjacent octahedral structure. At this time, no conduction electrons exist in this structure. On the other hand, it is expressed by the composition ratio of WO, etc.
- the magnetic phase is a structure in which the octahedral structure of WO is regularly shared by ridges and vertices.
- W O (WO) having the structure shown in FIG. 1 (A) is a icosahedron with WO as one unit.
- the structure and the octahedral structure of WO are regular structures with shared edges and vertices. like this
- the tungsten oxide with a simple structure is considered to exhibit conductivity because electrons emitted from oxygen force contribute as conduction electrons.
- the structure of tungsten trioxide-tungsten is uniform or non-uniform as a whole, and conduction electrons are generated even in amorphous, and conductive characteristics can be obtained.
- M element is H, He, Al force
- MxWyOz (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, One or more elements selected from Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, and I, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l, 2.2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0) For compound tungstic acid compounds, 0.001 ⁇ x / y ⁇ l, 2.2 2 ⁇ z / y ⁇ 3.0. ⁇ .
- the composite tungsten oxide represented by MxWyOz preferably contains an amorphous structure or a cubic, tetragonal or hexagonal tungsten bronze structure.
- a cubic crystal is generally used as a representative of what is classified as a cubic tungsten bronze structure type or a belobskite tandastene bronze structure type when classifying a tungsten bronze structure.
- tetragonal crystal is generally used as a representative of those classified as tetragonal tungsten bronze structure types when classifying tungsten bronze structures.
- hexagonal crystal is generally used as a representative of what is classified as a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure type when classifying a tandasten bronze structure.
- the M element is located in the void formed by the octahedral structure sharing the apex. It is thought that conduction electrons are generated by the addition of these M elements.
- the structure of composite tungstate is typical of cubic, tetragonal and hexagonal crystals. Examples of each structure are shown in Fig. 1 (B), (C) and (D).
- These composite tandastenic acid compounds have an upper limit of the amount of additive elements derived from the structure, and the maximum amount of addition of M element to 1 mol of W is 1 mol in the case of cubic crystals, In this case, it is about 0.5 mol (varies depending on the additive element, but it is about 0.5 mol that is easy to produce industrially), and in the case of hexagonal crystal is 0.33 mol.
- the range of the maximum amount of added M element is an example showing a particularly basic range, and the present invention is not limited to this. Absent.
- a variety of structures can be adopted in the crystal structure depending on the composite material, and the above-described structure is also a representative example and is not limited thereto.
- the optical characteristics change depending on the structure.
- hexagonal crystals tend to be the longest wavelength side, and there is little absorption in the visible light region.
- the next is tetragonal crystals, and cubic crystals tend to absorb light from conduction electrons on the shorter wavelength side, and increase absorption in the visible light region. Therefore, a composite tungstic oxide having a hexagonal crystal structure is preferable for the transparent conductive film that transmits more visible light for the reasons described above.
- the oxide is based on the above structure, it exhibits conductive characteristics and near-infrared shielding characteristics even with an amorphous structure.
- hexagonal crystals are formed when M element having a large ionic radius is added. Specifically, Cs, K, Rb, Tl, Ba, ⁇ , Li, Ca, When each element of Sr, Fe, and Sn is added, hexagonal crystals are easily formed. Other than these elements, formed in WO units
- these complex tandastenic acid oxides having a hexagonal crystal structure may be a uniform crystal structure or irregular.
- M element which produces a child.
- a material that meets the purpose in a timely manner for example, M element may be selected.
- M element is added to these substances, and the general formula M A W O (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkali
- a element is one selected from Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, V, Re, Pt, Pd, Ti More than the same element, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ G ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ J ⁇ 3) Alternatively, conduction electrons are emitted during the structure of the A element acid and become a cation.
- the emitted conduction electrons have an effect of absorbing (reflecting) light in the near-infrared region, and also contribute to the conductivity of the composite oxide fine particles.
- These matrix structures constructed of element A, tungsten, and oxygen may be constructed of one element selected from element A and tandastene and oxygen, and may be composed of a plurality of elements. It may be constructed with oxygen.
- element M When element M is added to a void having a structure composed of element A or tungsten and oxygen, conduction electrons are generated, which is effective in near-infrared absorption and conduction characteristics.
- the range of E is preferably 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2. If E> 0
- conduction electrons are generated by the M element, and the effects of near-infrared absorption and conductive properties are exhibited. If the value of E is 1.2 or less, generation of impurities containing M element is avoided, and deterioration of characteristics can be prevented.
- element M conduction electrons are generated, and near-infrared absorption and conductivity are exhibited.
- element A different from tungsten in the complex oxide allows the complex It is preferable that 0 ⁇ G because it is possible to exhibit unprecedented features such as changing the optical properties of the oxide.
- the preferable addition amount of element A is preferably a force of 1 or less that varies depending on the purpose. If G ⁇ l, impurities containing element A due to the presence of excess element A will not be generated, so that deterioration of the properties of the composite oxide can be avoided.
- the composite oxide fine particles having the composition of M A W O described above have a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the composite oxide fine particles may be crystalline or amorphous as long as voids are formed and a structure in which M elements are arranged in the voids).
- the presence of M element cations added to the hexagonal voids improves the light transmission characteristics in the visible light region compared to other crystal structures, and the light absorption characteristics in the near infrared region. Since it improves, it is preferable. Also, from the viewpoint of conductivity application ability, since the composite oxide fine particles absorb less light in the visible light region, the visible light transmission type conductive material that reduces the visible light transmittance even when used in large amounts. It is effective in improving the conductivity as a conductive material.
- M element having a large ionic radius is added, the hexagonal crystal is formed.
- the addition amount of M element is preferably 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less. Preferably it is about 0.33. When the value of the M element is 0.33, it is considered that the M element is arranged in all hexagonal voids in the tanda-sten bronze structure.
- the tungsten site of the tungsten bronze structure may be substituted with the A element, or the bronze structure of the A element and tungsten may coexist or exist alone.
- tungsten bronze structure other than the hexagonal crystal described above, tetragonal crystal, cubic A tungsten bronze structure is also effective as an infrared shielding material.
- the absorption position of light in the near-infrared region tends to change depending on the crystal structure, and the absorption position tends to shift from cubic to tetragonal and from hexagonal to hexagonal to the longer wavelength side.
- the light absorption characteristics in the visible light region increase in the order of tetragonal crystals and cubic crystals, which have the smallest hexagonal crystals. Therefore, it is preferable to use a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure for an application where it is desired to transmit light in the visible light region and shield light in the near infrared region.
- the tungsten site of the tandasten bronze structure may be replaced with the A element !, or the bronze structure of the A element may coexist.
- the present invention is limited to this as long as an optimal solution is obtained by performing an appropriate test. Do not mean.
- G ⁇ 1 causes the appearance of conductive properties due to the generation of conduction electrons and light shielding in the near infrared region by the same mechanism as in the case of G ⁇ 1). It can be handled in the same way.
- the transparent conductive film containing a tungsten compound is a tungsten raw material solution that includes a tungsten compound
- a surfactant is added to the starting material solution and then applied to a base material, whereby a thin film can be uniformly formed on the base material.
- the surfactant various types such as nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric can be used.
- an aqueous solution such as an aqueous solution of ammonium metatungstate
- the surface tension of water is large, so a surfactant is added to increase the surface tension so that the substrate can be coated uniformly. It is necessary to reduce it.
- the tungsten compound starting material solution should be at least one selected from a solution obtained by dissolving hexachloride tungsten in alcohol and an ammonium tungstate aqueous solution. Is preferred.
- the tungsten starting material is preferable because it can be easily dissolved in water and alcohol and can be easily coated on the substrate by an inexpensive coating method.
- the starting material solution of the composite tungstate compound is selected from the above-mentioned tungsten compound starting material solution (a solution in which tungsten hexachloride is dissolved in alcohol and an aqueous solution of ammonium tungstate).
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg , Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se ⁇ Br ⁇ Te ⁇ Ti ⁇ Nb ⁇ V, Mo, Ta ⁇ Re ⁇ Be ⁇ Hf ⁇ Os, Bi ⁇ I It is preferable to use a solution obtained by dissolving and mixing the compound to be contained as a tungsten compound starting material solution for the transparent conductive film.
- Examples of the raw material for the added M element include tungstate, salt, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, oxide, carbonate, hydroxide and the like containing M element. However, it is not limited to these, and any solution may be used.
- the transparent conductive film of this embodiment can be obtained by applying a tungsten compound starting material solution to a substrate and then heat-treating it in an inert gas atmosphere or in a Z and reducing gas atmosphere.
- a tungsten compound starting material solution is applied to a substrate and then heat-treated in an inert gas atmosphere or in a Z and reducing gas atmosphere
- the heat treatment is performed in a reducing gas atmosphere. It is preferable to perform heat treatment at a temperature of from 550 ° C to 800 ° C, and then, if necessary, a heat treatment at a temperature of from 550 ° C to 1200 ° C in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the reducing gas at this time is not particularly limited, but H is preferable. Use H as the reducing gas.
- the composition of the reducing atmosphere is preferably such that H is 0.1% or more by volume.
- Can. N or argon gas is used as the inert gas.
- the transparent conductive film of the present embodiment can be formed by applying a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method if the obtained film is the above-described tungstic oxide or composite tungstate oxide.
- the manufacturing method does not matter.
- a material suitable for each method for example, a target tailored to a desired transparent conductive film composition and vapor deposition pellets may be used.
- the composite oxide represented by the general formula M A W O is used as a starting material for an inert gas.
- the starting materials for tungsten and element A are not particularly limited as long as they contain tungsten or element A.
- it may be an organic compound or a compound containing two or more metal elements (for example, sodium tungstate).
- various salts are preferably used by mixing with water or a solvent.
- the starting material of A contains element M.
- the starting material of element A does not need to be particularly limited as long as it contains element A.
- Preferred examples include chloride, ammonium salt, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate. And at least one selected from oxalate, hydroxide, and peroxide. Further, it may be an organic complex or a compound containing two or more kinds of metal elements (for example, sodium tungstate).
- Industrial production methods include carbonates, hydrates Use of etc. is preferable because it does not produce impurities during heating reduction.
- the starting materials of the tungsten W, the A element, and the M element those that can be made into solutions (salts, nitrates, etc.) are mixed and used as starting materials. Preferable, sufficient mixing can be achieved.
- the heat treatment condition after mixing the starting material of tungsten and the A element and the starting material of the M element is preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
- a film obtained by heat treatment at 250 ° C. or higher has sufficient near-infrared absorptivity and conductivity.
- an inert gas such as Ar or N is preferably used. Also as reducing gas
- ammonia or hydrogen gas can be used.
- the composition of the reducing atmosphere is preferably 0.1% or more by volume, more preferably 1% or more. 0. If it is 1% or more, the reduction can be carried out efficiently.
- a transparent conductive article is obtained by forming the transparent conductive film of this embodiment on a substrate.
- the base material of the transparent conductive film is not particularly limited, and transparent glass and transparent resin film are generally used.
- the film thickness of the transparent conductive film according to the present embodiment can be changed depending on the purpose, but is preferably 1 nm or more and 5000 nm or less. If the film thickness is 1 nm or more, effective conductive characteristics can be obtained. A film thickness of 5000 nm or less is preferable because the light transmittance in the visible light region does not decrease.
- the transparent conductive film of the present embodiment exhibits absorption and reflection performance due to conduction electrons from the near infrared to the infrared region, it has a shielding function in infrared and near infrared, and is visible light. It is suitable as a transmission type infrared shielding article.
- the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion of the present embodiment is an infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in which infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed in a medium, and the infrared shielding material fine particles have the general formula MAWO (provided that M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth Metals, rare earth elements, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si ⁇ Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, I 1
- M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth Metals, rare earth elements, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- M element is added to these substances, and the general formula M A W O (where M element is H, He, alkali metal, alkali
- element A is selected from Mo, Nb, Ta, Mn, V, Re, Pt, Pd, Ti, W is tungsten, O is oxygen 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1. 2, 0 ⁇ G ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ J ⁇ 3))), the M element emits conduction electrons during the oxidic structure of W or A element. And it becomes a cation itself.
- the emitted conduction electrons have an effect of absorbing (reflecting) light in the near-infrared region, and also contribute to the conductivity of the composite oxide fine particles.
- the matrix structure composed of the A element, tungsten, and oxygen is composed of one element selected from the A element and tandastene and oxygen, and may be composed of a plurality of elements. It may be constructed with oxygen.
- M element is added to the void of the structure composed of element A or tungsten and oxygen, conduction electrons are generated, and near-infrared absorption and Effective for conductive properties.
- the range of E is preferably 0 ⁇ E ⁇ 1.2. If E> 0
- conduction electrons are generated by the M element, and the effects of near-infrared absorption and conductive properties are exhibited. If the value of E is 1.2 or less, generation of impurities containing M element is avoided, and deterioration of characteristics can be prevented.
- element M If element M is present, conduction electrons are generated, and near-infrared absorption and conductivity are exhibited.
- element A different from tungsten in the complex oxide allows the complex It is preferable that 0 ⁇ G depending on the purpose because it can exhibit unprecedented features such as changing the optical properties of the oxide.
- the preferred amount of element A varies depending on the purpose, but is preferably 1 or less. If G ⁇ l, impurities containing element A due to the presence of excess element A will not be generated, and this is the ability to avoid deterioration of the properties of the complex oxide.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the hexagonal crystal structure.
- W or A element
- an M element indicated by reference numeral 2 is arranged to form one unit, and a large number of these one units are assembled to form a hexagonal crystal structure. This is a so-called hexagonal tungsten bronze structure.
- the unit structure (W (Or element A) Six octahedrons formed of O units are assembled into a hexagonal sky.
- the composite oxide fine particles may be crystalline or amorphous as long as the voids are included and a structure in which the M element is arranged in the voids is included.
- the M element cation is added to this hexagonal void, Compared with this, the light transmission property in the visible light region is improved, and the light absorption property in the near infrared region is improved, which is preferable. Also, from the viewpoint of conductivity application ability, since the composite oxide fine particles absorb less light in the visible light region, the visible light transmission type conductive material that reduces the visible light transmittance even when used in large amounts. It is effective in improving the conductivity as a conductive material.
- M element having a large ionic radius is added, the hexagonal crystal is formed.
- the amount of M element added is preferably 0.2 or more and 0.5 or less. Preferably it is about 0.33.
- the value of the M element is 0.33, it is considered that the M element is arranged in all hexagonal voids in the tanda-sten bronze structure.
- the tungsten site of the tungsten bronze structure may be substituted with the A element, or the bronze structure of the A element and tungsten may coexist or exist alone.
- tetragonal and cubic tungsten bronze structures other than the hexagonal crystal described above are also effective as an infrared shielding material.
- the absorption position of light in the near-infrared region tends to change depending on the crystal structure, and the absorption position tends to shift from cubic to tetragonal and from hexagonal to hexagonal to the longer wavelength side.
- the light absorption characteristics in the visible light region increase in the order of tetragonal crystals and cubic crystals, which have the smallest hexagonal crystals. Therefore, it is preferable to use a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure for an application where it is desired to transmit light in the visible light region and shield light in the near infrared region.
- the tungsten site of the tandasten bronze structure may be replaced with the A element !, or the bronze structure of the A element may coexist.
- the present invention is limited to this as long as an optimal solution is obtained by performing an appropriate test. Do not mean.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles containing the composite oxide fine particles of the present embodiment greatly absorb light in the near infrared ray region, particularly in the vicinity of the wavelength lOOOnm, so that the transmission color tone changes from blue to green.
- the particle size of the infrared shielding material fine particles can be selected according to the purpose of use.
- it when used for an application that should maintain high transparency, it preferably has a particle size of 800 nm or less. This is the ability of particles smaller than 800 nm to maintain visibility in the visible light region where light is not completely blocked by scattering, and at the same time to maintain transparency efficiently.
- the particle diameter is 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less. If the particle size of the complex oxide fine particles is small, the wavelength is 400 ⁇ due to geometrical scattering or Mie scattering! As a result of the reduction of light scattering in the visible light region up to 780 nm, the dispersion of the infrared shielding material fine particles becomes like a frosted glass, and it is possible to avoid the loss of clear transparency. That is, when the particle diameter of the composite oxide fine particle is 200 nm or less, the geometric scattering or Mie scattering is reduced and a Rayleigh scattering region is obtained.
- the scattered light decreases in inverse proportion to the sixth power of the particle size, so that the scattering is reduced and the transparency is improved as the particle size decreases.
- the particle diameter is 1 OO nm or less, the scattered light is very small, which is more preferable. From the viewpoint of avoiding light scattering, industrial production is easy if the particle diameter is preferably 1 nm or more, which is preferably smaller.
- the surface force of the composite oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material fine particles of the present embodiment is covered with an oxide containing one or more of Si, Ti, Zr, and A1. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the weather resistance of the infrared ray shielding material fine particles.
- an oxide containing one or more of Si, Ti, Zr, and A1 It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the weather resistance of the infrared ray shielding material fine particles.
- the contact resistance between the particles increases, which causes an increase in resistance, which is not preferable for the purpose of lowering resistance. .
- the composite oxide fine particles represented by the general formula M A W O are inactive starting materials.
- the starting materials for tungsten and element A are not particularly limited as long as they contain tungsten or element A.
- it may be an organic compound or a compound containing two or more metal elements (for example, sodium tungstate).
- use of oxides, carbonates, hydrates, and the like is preferable because impurities that are difficult to remove during heat reduction are not generated.
- the starting material of element A contains element M.
- the starting material of element A is not particularly limited as long as it contains element A.
- Preferred examples include oxides, oxide hydrates, chlorides, One or more selected from ammonium salts, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, oxalates, hydroxides, peroxides, simple metals, and metals. Further, it may be an organic complex or a compound containing two or more kinds of metal elements (for example, sodium tungstate).
- Use of oxides, carbonates, hydrates, etc. as an industrial production method is preferred because it does not produce impurities during the heat reduction!
- the starting materials of tungsten W, element A, and element M those that can be made into a solution (such as salt or nitrate) are mixed in solution, dried, and powdered.
- a solution such as salt or nitrate
- the composite oxide fine particles By using the composite oxide fine particles as a starting material, it is possible to achieve sufficient mixing. However, even raw materials that are not made into a solution can be mixed as powders and used as starting raw materials for composite oxide particles.
- the heat treatment conditions after mixing the above starting materials of tungsten and A element and the starting material of M element are preferably 250 ° C. or more. Heat treated above 250 ° C
- the obtained infrared shielding material fine particles have sufficient near-infrared absorbing power and conductivity.
- an inert gas such as Ar or N is preferably used. Also as reducing gas
- ammonia or hydrogen gas can be used.
- the composition of the reducing atmosphere is preferably 0.1% or more by volume, more preferably 1% or more. 0. If it is 1% or more, the reduction can be carried out efficiently.
- the surface strength of the composite oxide fine particles obtained in the above-described process is covered with an oxide containing one or more metals of Si, Ti, Zr, and A1. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improvement.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, but the surface of the infrared shielding material fine particles can be coated by adding the metal alkoxide to the solution in which the infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles of the present embodiment there is a method in which the infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed in an appropriate medium to obtain an infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion, and a film is formed on a desired substrate surface. is there.
- the infrared ray shielding material fine particles obtained by firing at a high temperature can be kneaded into the base material or bound to the base material surface by a medium.
- Application to substrate materials with low heat resistance is possible. For this reason, there is an advantage that a large-sized apparatus is not required at the time of film formation, and it is inexpensive.
- the composite oxide fine particles contained in the infrared shielding material fine particles of the present embodiment are conductive materials, they are continuous. When used as a thin film (dispersion), it can be applied as a conductive application along with an optical application.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles of the present embodiment are dispersed in an appropriate solvent, and after adding a medium resin, the substrate surface is coated, and the solvent is evaporated to cure the resin by a predetermined method.
- the coating method is not particularly limited as long as the infrared shielding material fine particle-containing resin can be uniformly coated on the substrate surface.
- the bar coating method examples include the Darabaya coat method, the spray coat method, and the dip coat method.
- those in which the fine particles of the infrared shielding material are directly dispersed in the medium resin do not have to evaporate the solvent after being applied to the surface of the substrate, so that they are preferred from the environmental and industrial viewpoints.
- a resin or glass can be used as the medium.
- a UV curable resin for example, a UV curable resin, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam curable resin, a room temperature curable resin, a thermoplastic resin, and the like can be selected according to the purpose.
- polyethylene resin polyvinyl chloride resin, polysalt vinylidene resin, polybutyl alcohol resin, polystyrene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyester resin, polyethylene Examples include terephthalate resin, fluorine resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, and polyvinyl butyral resin.
- a medium using a metal alkoxide Typical examples of the metal alkoxide include alkoxides such as Si, Ti, Al, and Zr. The medium using these metal alkoxides can form an oxide film by hydrolysis and heating.
- the above-mentioned base material is not limited to a shape that can be a film or a board as desired.
- the transparent base material PET, acrylic, urethane, polycarbonate, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride, fluorine resin, and the like can be used for various purposes.
- glass can be used other than rosin.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles of this embodiment may be dispersed in the substrate.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles and the resin can be dispersed after raising the temperature above the melting temperature of the substrate resin that may be permeated from the substrate surface. May be mixed.
- the infrared shielding material fine particle-containing resin obtained in this way can be applied to a film or board shape by a predetermined method as an infrared shielding material fine particle molded body.
- the PET resin and the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion are mixed and the dispersion solvent is evaporated, and then the PET resin is melted at a melting temperature of 300 °.
- the PET resin is melted, mixed and cooled, it becomes possible to produce PET resin in which the infrared shielding material fine particles are dispersed.
- the method for dispersing the infrared shielding material fine particles in the resin is not particularly limited. For example, ultrasonic irradiation, a bead mill, a sand mill, or the like can be used. In order to obtain a uniform dispersion, various additives may be added or the pH may be adjusted.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles in the present embodiment can be formed into an infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion by a method such as coating on a base material or kneading into the base material.
- An infrared shielding material can be obtained by forming the fine particle dispersion of the infrared shielding material into a plate shape, a film shape, or a thin film shape.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles are coated on the substrate or kneaded into the substrate in the same manner as described above.
- the conductivity of the dispersion spreads two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally by contact with the composite oxide fine particles, and as a result, the fine particle dispersion of the infrared shielding material becomes conductive. If the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion is formed in a plate shape, a film shape or a thin film shape, an infrared shielding material which transmits visible light and has conductivity can be obtained.
- the infrared shielding material fine particles according to the present invention have the above-described infrared shielding performance, if the dispersion of the infrared shielding material fine particles is formed in a plate shape, a film shape, or a thin film shape, an infrared shielding material is obtained.
- the infrared shielding body has a wavelength of 400 ⁇ !
- the V value is 10% or more and the minimum value power V value or less of the total light transmittance in the region of wavelength 700nm to 2600nm
- an infrared shielding body having an infrared shielding function of 65% or less can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a dispersion film of infrared shielding material fine particles (Rb MoO) according to Example 24.
- a wavelength of 400 The V value which is the highest value of the light transmittance in the region of nm to 700 nm, was 80.25%, and it was found that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted.
- the composite oxide fine particles contained in the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in the present embodiment have electrical conductivity, they can be coated on the substrate in the same manner as described above, When kneaded in, the conductivity of the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion expands two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally due to the contact between the composite oxide fine particles, and as a result, the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion becomes conductive. Become.
- this infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion is formed into a plate shape, a film shape or a thin film shape, an infrared ray shielding body which transmits visible light and has conductivity, has a wavelength of 400 ⁇ !
- the maximum value of total light transmittance in the region of ⁇ 700nm is 10% (V value) or more, and the surface resistance value is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or less. It can be a body.
- the shape of the particles may be granular, plate-like, or needle-like (fiber), but in order to improve conductivity, a plate-like or needle-like shape that can reduce the contact resistance value is preferable.
- Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 1 mainly relate to the above-described [1] visible light transmissive particle dispersed conductor, conductive particles, visible light transmissive conductive article, and a method for manufacturing the same. Therefore, the optical characteristics of the visible light transmissive particle-dispersed conductor were measured using a spectrophotometer (U-4000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and the visible light transmittance (based on JIS R3106) was calculated. The haze value was measured using a measuring device HR-200 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory based on JIS K 7105.
- the average dispersed particle size was measured with a measuring device (ELS-800 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.)) using a dynamic light scattering method, and the average value of three measurements was averaged. The particle diameter was taken.
- the evaluation of the conductive property was performed by measuring the surface resistance value of the produced film. The surface resistance value of this film was measured using Hiresta IP MCP-HT260 manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka Co.
- the dust resistance value was measured by the van der Pauw method (4th edition, Experimental Chemistry Course 9 Issued on June 5, 1991, edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, publisher: Maruzen Co., Ltd.).
- the sample is pressed pellets compacted into a 10mm ⁇ disk shape, and electrodes of 4 terminals are installed on the disk surface at 90 ° intervals, and current is applied between two adjacent terminals while applying a pressure of 9.8MPa.
- the resistance value is calculated by measuring the voltage between the remaining two terminals when
- argon Z hydrogen 95Z5 volume ratio
- Figures 4 (A) and 4 (B) show the results of SEM observation of the powder shape.
- (A) is a 10,000 times SEM image of W O
- (B) is a 3000 times SEM image.
- the visible light transmittance was 63%, and the fact that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted was a major factor. Furthermore, the haze value was 3.5%, the transparency was high, the transmitted color tone was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance value was 7.6 to 10 8 ⁇ .
- This Cs WO is based on X-ray diffraction
- Figure 5 shows the results of SEM observation of the shape of the resulting conductive particle powder.
- Figure 5 shows Cs WO
- a part of the mixture was mixed and subjected to dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid of average dispersed particles lOOnm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content 100%). Apply this solution on glass using a bar coater. Filmed. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows. Visible light transmittance was 77%, and it was a component that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted. Furthermore, the haze value was 0.2%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside. The transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance was 2.8 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / mouth.
- This Cs WO is a crystal by X-ray diffraction
- FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) show the results of SEM observation of the obtained powder.
- (A) is a SEM image of Cs WO 5,000 times
- This Cs WO is a crystal by X-ray diffraction
- a part of the mixture was mixed and subjected to dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid having average dispersed particles of 120 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion and UV curable resin for hard coat (solid content 10% 0%) 0.1 part by weight was mixed. This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows. Visible light transmittance is 63%, and it has a sufficient transmission of light in the visible light region. Furthermore, haze value is 0.8%, and transparency is high and the internal situation can be clearly confirmed from the outside. It was. The transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance was 3.6 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ / mouth.
- This Rb WO is the result of X-ray diffraction.
- the dust resistance value obtained by measuring the powder of the conductive particles under a pressure of 9.8 MPa was 0.00086 ⁇ ′cm, and good conductivity was confirmed.
- a part by weight was mixed and subjected to dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid having an average dispersed particle of 80 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content: 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows. Visible light transmittance was 76%, and it was able to transmit light in the visible light region enough. Furthermore, the haze value was 0.2%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside. The transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance value was 4.2 to 10 8 ⁇ / mouth.
- This Rb WO is used to identify crystal phases by X-ray diffraction.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B hexagonal columnar fibrous crystals were observed.
- the powder resistance value of this powder was measured and found to be 0.0044 ⁇ 'cm. Good conductivity is ensured.
- Dispersion treatment was performed by ultrasonic irradiation to prepare a dispersion of fibrous particles. 10 parts by weight of this solution was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content 100 %). This solution was applied and formed on a glass using a bar coater. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductive film.
- WO conductive particle powder was prepared. This WO is the crystal phase by X-ray diffraction
- a part by weight was mixed and subjected to a dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion having an average dispersed particle of 95 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content: 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows.
- the visible light transmittance was 55%, and the fact that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted was a major factor.
- the haze value was 1.3%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance was 3.6 ⁇ 10 1 () ⁇ .
- a part by weight was mixed and subjected to a dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid having an average dispersed particle of 85 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content: 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of this conductor film were measured and found to be as follows.
- the visible light transmittance was 72%, and the fact that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted was a major factor.
- the haze value was 1.1%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance value was 6.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- a part of the mixture was mixed and dispersed using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid of average dispersed particles lOnm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows. Visible light transmittance was 75%, and it was a component that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted. Furthermore, the haze value was 1.3%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside. The transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance value was 3.5 to 10 9 ⁇ / mouth.
- WO conductive particle powder was prepared. This WO is the crystal phase by X-ray diffraction
- a part by weight was mixed and subjected to a dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion having an average dispersed particle of 95 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content: 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows.
- the visible light transmittance was 62%, and the fact that the light in the visible light region was sufficiently transmitted was the main factor. Furthermore, the haze value was 1.2%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside. Transparent color tone is beautiful The surface resistance was 5.7 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- a part by weight was mixed and subjected to a dispersion treatment using a medium stirring mill to prepare a dispersion liquid having an average dispersion particle of 50 nm. 10 parts by weight of this dispersion was mixed with 0.1 part by weight of an ultraviolet curable resin for hard coat (solid content: 100%). This solution was applied on glass using a bar coater to form a film. This film was dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds to evaporate the solvent, and then cured with a high-pressure mercury lamp to obtain a conductor film.
- the optical properties of the conductor film were measured and found to be as follows. Visible light transmittance was 52%, and the fact that it was able to transmit light in the visible light region sufficiently was the main factor. Furthermore, the haze value was 0.6%, and the transparency was high and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside. The transmitted color was beautiful blue, and the surface resistance value was 4.8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- the present invention has been described based on the above embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Table 1 shows a list of measurement results of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 1.
- Examples 14 to 23 and Comparative Example 2 mainly relate to the above-described [2] transparent conductive film and its production method, transparent conductive article, and infrared shielding article, and optical measurement «JIS Measurement was performed based on R3106 (light source: A light), and the visible light transmittance was calculated. Conductivity characteristics were measured using a surface resistance measuring machine (Lowesta MP MCP-T350 or Neuresta IP MCP-HT260) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical.
- a surfactant FZ210 5 (manufactured by Ade force) was added so that the total amount was 0.002% to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent stone substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 550 ° C for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate.
- the film thickness was about l lOnm.
- FIG. 8 shows the measurement results for the transmission and reflection profiles.
- Fig. 8 is a graph with the horizontal axis representing the wavelength of light and the vertical axis representing the light transmittance and reflectance.
- the transmittance measurement result is plotted with a solid line, and the reflectance measurement result is plotted with a broken line.
- the visible light transmittance of this film was 77.38%, and the infrared ray with a high transparency of 800 nm or more was reflected and absorbed, and it was effective as an infrared shielding material.
- the solar transmittance of this film was 57%, and it was found that 43% of sunlight was blocked.
- the surface resistance of this film was found to be 6.9 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ well and high conductivity.
- Example 14 Using the film forming solution of Example 14 on the fired film obtained in Example 14, the film was dip-coated on one side in the same manner. This was heat-treated at 550 ° C. for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. Thickness is about 200nm.
- the transmittance and reflectance of the obtained film were measured.
- Figure 9 shows the measurement results for the transmission and reflection profiles. Similarly to FIG. 8, FIG. 9 is a graph in which the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength of light and the vertical axis indicates the transmittance and reflectance of light. The transmittance measurement result is plotted with a solid line, and the reflectance measurement result is plotted with a broken line.
- a surfactant FZ2105 (manufactured by ADEKA) was added so that the total amount was 0.002%, thereby forming a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 550 ° C. for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate.
- the film thickness was about 120 nm.
- the visible light transmittance of the obtained film was 78.16%, and the surface resistance of the film was 1.2 X 10 4 ⁇ . It was found that this film was highly transparent and highly conductive. It was. The solar transmittance of this film was 61%, and it was found that it blocked 39% of sunlight.
- Ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution (0.02 mol / 9. 28 g) 9. 28 g was mixed with 80 g of water.
- a surfactant (FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force)) was added so that the total amount was 0.002% to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 550 ° C for 10 minutes in an atmosphere of 5% hydrogen (others were nitrogen). Thereafter, a transparent conductive film was obtained on the substrate by heat treatment at 800 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. The film thickness was about lOOnm.
- the obtained film was WO. Visible light transmission of the obtained film The excess ratio was 52.16%, and the surface resistance of the film was 7. 3 to 10 5 ⁇ . The film was found to be highly transparent and highly conductive. The solar transmittance of this film was 37%, and it was found that 63% of sunlight was blocked.
- the excess rate was 67.16%, and the surface resistance of the film was 2.1 to 10 6 ⁇ .
- the film was found to be highly transparent and highly conductive.
- a surfactant (FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force)) was added so as to be 0.002% of the whole to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. The film thickness was about lOOnm.
- the obtained film was hexagonal In tungsten bronze.
- the visible light transmittance was 75.22% and the transparency was high, reflecting and absorbing infrared rays of 800 nm or more, and effective as an infrared shielding material.
- the solar transmittance of this film was 69%, and it was found that it blocked 31% of sunlight.
- Surfactant (FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force)) was added so that the total amount was 0.002% to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 500 ° C for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. The film thickness was about lOOnm.
- the obtained film was hexagonal Sn tungsten bronze.
- the visible light transmittance was 72.52% and the transparency was high, reflecting and absorbing infrared rays of 800 nm or more, and was effective as an infrared shielding material.
- the solar transmittance of this film was 67%, and it was found that it blocked 33% of sunlight.
- a surfactant FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force) was added so as to be 0.002% of the whole to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 550 ° C for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. The film thickness was about lOOnm.
- Ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution (0.02mol / 9.28g) 9. ⁇ g: A solution of rubidium chloride and an aqueous solution of chloride-obtain ⁇ :? ⁇ :! ⁇ D. It was mixed so that the atomic ratio was 9: 0. 1: 0.33.
- surfactant FZ2105 (manufactured by Adeki)
- a 2% solution was added to form a film-forming solution.
- the film-forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 550 ° C for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. The film thickness was about l lOnm.
- a surfactant FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force)
- the film forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated at 500 ° C. for 10 minutes in a 5% hydrogen atmosphere (others were nitrogen) to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate.
- the film thickness was about 150 nm.
- the visible light transmittance was 55.21% and was highly transparent, and infrared rays of 700 nm or more were reflected and absorbed, which was effective as an infrared shielding material. .
- the solar transmittance of this film was 40%, and it was found that 60% of sunlight was blocked.
- Ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution (0.02 mol / 9. 28 g) 9. 28 g was mixed with 80 g of water.
- a surfactant (FZ2105 (manufactured by Ade force)) was added so that the total amount was 0.002% to obtain a film-forming solution.
- the film forming solution was dip coated on one side of a transparent quartz substrate (thickness 2 mm). This was heat-treated in air at 550 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then heat-treated in air at 800 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a transparent conductive film on the substrate. The film thickness was about 1 OOnm.
- the rate was 87.52%, but the surface resistance of the film was so high that it could not be measured.
- Examples 24 to 35 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 mainly consist of the above-mentioned [3] Infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion, infrared shielding material, method for producing infrared shielding material fine particles, and infrared rays.
- the optical measurement was based on architectural window glass film JIS A 57 59 (1998) (light source: A light), and the visible light transmittance and solar transmittance were calculated. However, the measurement sample was not attached to the glass, and the film sample itself was used.
- the haze value was measured based on JISK 7105.
- the average dispersed particle size was measured with a measuring device (ELS-800 (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.)) using a dynamic light scattering method, and the average value was used.
- ELS-800 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- the conductive property was evaluated by measuring the surface resistance value of the produced film using Hiresta IP MCP-HT260 manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka.
- Base material used in the examples PET film Optical properties of HPE-50 (manufactured by Teijin) are visible light transmittance 88%, solar transmittance 88%, haze. 9 to 0.8%.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of the infrared shielding film.
- the transmittance peak in Table 2 is a wavelength of 400 ⁇ ! Shows the highest value of total light transmittance in the region of ⁇ 700nm. The minimum value of the total light transmittance in the region of 700 nm to 2600 nm is shown.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- FIG. 11 which is the light transmission profile in the infrared shielding film, as described above, the maximum value of the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm is 80.25%, which is the visible light region. It was found that this light was sufficiently transmitted.
- the minimum value of the total light transmittance in the wavelength region of 700 nm to 2600 nm is 22.65% below the V value, the average value (solar transmittance) is 57.0%, and the near-infrared shielding performance is It turned out to be expensive.
- both the visible light transmittance and the solar transmittance are infrared shielding materials. It moves up and down according to the amount of dispersion. The same applies to the following examples and comparative examples.
- a powder of WO was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, formed into an infrared
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- a powder of WO was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, formed into an infrared
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- the powder was dispersed by the same method as in Example 24 to form an infrared shielding film.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- a powder of WO was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, and a red film was formed.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- a powder of WO was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, formed into an infrared
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- O powder was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, formed into a film and shielded from infrared rays.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- O powder was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, formed into a film and shielded from infrared rays.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- a powder of WO was obtained. This powder was dispersed in the same manner as in Example 24, and a red film was formed.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of this infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue.
- Table 2 shows the optical characteristics of the infrared shielding film.
- the obtained infrared shielding film was very transparent and the internal situation could be clearly confirmed from the outside.
- the transmission color tone was beautiful blue. Furthermore, as shown in Table 2, there is conductivity. I understand that.
- Example 24 to Example 35 The optical properties of the 50 ⁇ m PET film itself used as a substrate in Example 24 to Example 35 were measured. Then, the visible light transmittance is 88.1%, which is enough to transmit light in the visible light range, but the solar radiation transmittance is 88.1%, which blocks only about 12% of the direct incident light of sunlight. It was found that the insulation effect was low.
- WO powder was heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 1 hour in the air to obtain WO powder.
- the visible light transmittance was 85.2%, which was enough to transmit light in the visible light region, but the solar radiation transmittance was 84.1%. Only 16% was shielded and the heat insulation effect was found to be low.
- the obtained infrared shielding film is extremely transparent and the internal situation can be clearly seen from the outside, but it is understood that the infrared shielding film does not function as an infrared shielding material having a high transmittance in the near infrared region. Further, the surface resistance value was 10 15 ⁇ or more, and it was not conductive.
- the powder contains Na and O
- FIG. 1 (A) Schematic diagram showing the crystal structure of tungstic oxide.
- FIG. 1 (B) is a schematic diagram showing the crystal structure of tungstate oxide, and is a crystal structure ((010) projection of cubic tungsten bronze).
- FIG. 1 (C) is a schematic diagram showing the crystal structure of tungstate oxide, which is a (001) projection of a tetragonal tungsten-bronze crystal structure.
- FIG. 1 (D) is a schematic diagram showing the crystal structure of tungstate oxide, which is the crystal structure of hexagonal tungsten bronze ((001) projection).
- FIG.2 Visible light transmission type particle-dispersed conductor made of W 2 O conductive particles
- FIG. 4 (B) is an overall view of FIG. 4 (A).
- FIG. 5 Hexagonal tungsten bronze Cs WO which is the conductive particles obtained in Example 3
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing an SEM observation image of an O plate crystal.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing an SEM observation image of an O plate crystal.
- FIG. 3 is an overall view showing an SEM observation image of O fibrous crystals.
- FIG. 7 (B) is an enlarged view of FIG. 7 (A).
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the transmission / reflection profile of the Rb WO film of Example 14.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the transmission / reflection profile of the Rb WO film in Example 15.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the crystal structure of composite tandastenic acid fine particles having hexagonal crystals contained in the infrared shielding material fine particles according to the present invention.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR122017019084-9A BR122017019084B1 (pt) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Artigo eletrocondutor transparente, métodos para fabricar o artigo eletrocondutor transparente, e as nanopartículas de óxido compósito, dispersão de nanopartícula de proteção contra o infravermelho, e, nanopartículas de proteção contra o infravermelho |
CN200580028702XA CN101023498B (zh) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | 导电性粒子、可见光透过型粒子分散导电体及其制造方法、透明导电薄膜及其制造方法、使用它的透明导电物品、红外线屏蔽物品 |
AU2005278468A AU2005278468A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Conductive particle, visible light transmissive particle dispersed conductor, method for producing same, transparent conductive thin film, method for producing same, transparent conductive article using same, and infrared shielding article |
BRPI0514795A BRPI0514795B1 (pt) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | condutor elétrico dispersado em partícula que transmite luz visível, e, película eletrocondutora transparente |
KR1020077007501A KR100982871B1 (ko) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | 도전성 입자, 가시광 투과형 입자 분산 도전체 및 그제조방법, 투명 도전 박막 및 그 제조방법, 이를 이용한투명 도전물품, 적외선 차폐물품 |
US11/659,720 US8980135B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Electroconductive particle, visible light transmitting particle-dispersed electrical conductor and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive thin film and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive article that uses the same, and infrared-shielding article |
EP05781322.2A EP1801815B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Infrared-shielding article and method for producing it |
US15/903,990 US11105959B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2018-02-23 | Electroconductive particle, visible light transmitting particle-dispersed electrical conductor and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive thin film and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive article that uses the same, and infrared-shielding article |
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JP2004344775A JP4793537B2 (ja) | 2004-11-29 | 2004-11-29 | 可視光透過型粒子分散導電体、導電性粒子、可視光透過型導電物品、およびその製造方法 |
JP2005122668A JP4904714B2 (ja) | 2005-04-20 | 2005-04-20 | 赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子分散体、赤外線遮蔽体、及び赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子の製造方法、並びに赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子 |
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US14/615,261 Division US20150153478A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2015-02-05 | Electroconductive particle, visible light transmitting particle-dispersed electrical conductor and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive thin film and manufacturing method thereof, transparent electroconductive article that uses the same, and infrared-shielding article |
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Also Published As
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KR100982871B1 (ko) | 2010-09-16 |
US8980135B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
US20070187653A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
BR122017019084B1 (pt) | 2018-08-14 |
BRPI0514795A (pt) | 2008-06-24 |
EP1801815B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
EP1801815A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
EP1801815A4 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
BRPI0514795B1 (pt) | 2018-05-08 |
AU2005278468A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
KR20070048807A (ko) | 2007-05-09 |
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