JP5208736B2 - 添加剤徐放用カプセルを含むリチウム二次バッテリー - Google Patents
添加剤徐放用カプセルを含むリチウム二次バッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5208736B2 JP5208736B2 JP2008521312A JP2008521312A JP5208736B2 JP 5208736 B2 JP5208736 B2 JP 5208736B2 JP 2008521312 A JP2008521312 A JP 2008521312A JP 2008521312 A JP2008521312 A JP 2008521312A JP 5208736 B2 JP5208736 B2 JP 5208736B2
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- sustained
- anode
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPWKAIACYUAHML-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[Ni+2] NPWKAIACYUAHML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
モバイル装置の技術開発及び需要増加により、エネルギー供給源として二次バッテリーの需要が急速に伸びている。これらの二次バッテリーの中で、エネルギー密度が高く、放電電圧が高いリチウム二次バッテリーに多くの調査及び研究が集中しており、そのようなリチウム二次バッテリーには、商業化され、広く使用されているものがある。
したがって、本発明は、上記の問題および他の未解決の技術的問題を解決するためになされたものである。
本発明の一態様で、上記の、及び他の目的は、リチウムイオンの可逆的貯蔵及び放出を行うことができるアノード活性材料を包含するアノード、リチウムイオンの可逆的貯蔵及び放出を行うことができるカソード活性材料を包含するカソード、該アノードとカソードとの間に配置された多孔質セパレータ、及びリチウム塩を含む電解質を備えてなるリチウム二次バッテリーであって、該電解質及び/または電極が、バッテリーの作動に関連する不可欠な、またはさらに必要とされる材料を確実に一定レベルで放出することができるように、該材料を微細孔質セルの内側に含む徐放性カプセルを包含する、リチウム二次バッテリーを提供することにより、達成することができる。
諸例
1.徐放性カプセルの製造
ポリスチレン(PS)をジクロロメタン(DCM)に溶解させ、分散液(a)25mLを調製した。さらに、塩化ビニレン(VC)5重量%及び安定剤としてゼラチン0.5重量%を包含する水溶液(b)を調製した。分散液(a)を水溶液(b)に加え、油/水エマルションを形成した。次いで、DCMを蒸発させ、VCを含むPSカプセルを得た。このようにして得たPSカプセルを蒸留水で数回洗浄し、最終的なカプセルを調製した。
アノードは、炭素活性材料(MCMB10-28, Osaka Gas Co. Ltd.、日本国)93%及びポリ二フッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)(Kynar 761, Elf Atochem)7%を、溶剤としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)に加え、加えた材料を、ミキサー(IKA Mixer)を使用して2時間混合し、得られた混合物を銅ホイル集電装置上に塗布し、続いて130℃で乾燥させることにより、製造した。
アノードがVC含有徐放性カプセルを包含する以外は、例1と同じ様式で、バッテリーを製造した。
徐放性カプセルを含まない電解質溶液を使用した以外は、例1と同じ様式で、バッテリーを製造した。
VCの添加量を4重量%に増加し、徐放性カプセルを含まない電解質溶液を使用した以外は、例1と同じ様式で、バッテリーを製造した。
1.寿命特性の評価
寿命特性を評価するために、例1及び2、及び比較例1及び2で調製したバッテリーをそれぞれ、電流密度0.5C及び温度45℃で200充電/放電サイクルにかけた。100及び200回の反復充電/放電サイクルにおけるバッテリー放電容量の保持百分率を、1回の充電/放電サイクルにおけるバッテリー放電容量の保持百分率に対して計算した。得られた結果を下記の表1に示す。
高温貯蔵特性を評価するために、例1及び2、及び比較例1及び2で調製したバッテリーをそれぞれ、全充電にかけ、次いで60℃で6時間貯蔵し、バッテリーの厚さ増加を測定した。得られた結果を下記の表1に示す。
電解質 VC含有 100及び200サイクルでの 60℃で6時間
添加剤 カプセル 放電容量%vs1サイクル 貯蔵後の厚さ
(wt%) での放電容量 増加(mm)
100 200
サイクル サイクル
例1 VC2% 添加 91 81 0.53
(電解質溶液)
例2 VC2% 添加 90 82 0.51
(アノード)
比較例1 VC2% 無し 93 61 0.48
比較例2 VC4% 無し 91 84 1.7
上記の説明から明らかなように、本発明のリチウム二次バッテリーは、電解質または電極に必要な添加剤を所望の一定レベルで電解質及び/または電極中に放出する徐放性カプセルを包含することにより、余剰添加剤の有害な副反応を最少に抑え、バッテリー性能を最適化しながら、同時に、添加剤の固有効果を発揮させる。
Claims (9)
- リチウム二次バッテリーであって、
リチウムイオンの可逆的な貯蔵及び放出を行うことができるアノード活性材料を包含するアノードと、
リチウムイオンの可逆的な貯蔵及び放出を行うことができるカソード活性材料を包含するカソードと、
前記アノードとカソードとの間に配置された多孔質セパレータと、及び
リチウム塩を含む電解質とを備えてなるものであり、
前記電解質及び/または電極が、微細孔質セルの内側に材料を含む徐放性カプセルを包含してなることにより、前記バッテリーの作動に関連して、必須的又は追加的に要求される前記材料(放出材料)を一定レベルで放出できるものであり、
前記放出材料が、固体電解質界面(SEI)層の形成及び回復に必要な材料、前記バッテリー中で起こる有害な副反応を抑制する電解質添加剤、前記バッテリーの熱安定性を改良する材料からなる群から選択されてなる、少なくとも一種であり、
前記放出材料の放出速度が1〜10000μg/日である、リチウム二次バッテリー。 - 前記放出材料が、固体電解質界面(SEI)層の形成及び回復に必要な材料であり、かつ、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、ビニレンエチレンカーボネート、フルオロ−エチレンカーボネート、無水コハク酸、ラクチド、カプロラクタム、エチレンサルファイト、プロパンスルトン(PS)、プロペンスルトン、ビニルスルホン、およびそれらの誘導体及びハロゲン置換された化合物からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 前記放出材料が、前記バッテリー中で起こる有害な副反応を抑制する電解質添加剤であり、かつ、エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸、テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、ピリジン、ジピリジル、エチレンビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)、ブチロニトリル、スクシノニトリル、ヨウ素、アンモニウムハロゲン化物およびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 前記放出材料が、前記バッテリーの熱安定性を改良する材料であり、かつ、ヘキサメチルジシロキサン、ヘキサメトキシシクロトリホスファゼン、ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、ビフェニル、ジメチルピロールおよびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 二種類以上の材料を含む二種類以上のカプセルが一緒に使用される、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 前記徐放性カプセルのセルが電解質に不溶な材料から構成されてなるものであり、
前記不溶な材料が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ナイロン、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリウレタン、ゼラチン、キトサン、セルロースおよびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。 - 前記徐放性カプセルのサイズが5μm未満である、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 前記徐放性カプセルに加えて、前記徐放性カプセルの中に含まれる材料と同一及び/または類似の材料が包含されてなる、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
- 前記徐放性カプセルが、溶剤蒸発、コアセルベーション、界面重縮合、その場における重合、圧電製法、または噴霧乾燥により製造される、請求項1に記載のバッテリー。
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PCT/KR2006/002684 WO2007008006A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2006-07-10 | Lithium secondary battery containing capsule for controlled-release of additives |
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CN101517809B (zh) * | 2006-07-28 | 2012-05-02 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 含有低共熔混合物的二次电池及其制备方法 |
TWI350605B (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2011-10-11 | Lg Chemical Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery using the same |
JP5521327B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-12 | 2014-06-11 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法および非水電解質二次電池 |
TWI358843B (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2012-02-21 | Lg Chemical Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery usin |
US7943259B1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2011-05-17 | University Of South Florida | Method of controlled delivery for use of electrochemical power source |
JP5029005B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質及び非水電解質電池 |
KR101150258B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-16 | 2012-06-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열적 안정성이 우수한 전극조립체 및 이를 포함하는이차전지 |
US20100266905A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2010-10-21 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery |
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