JP2012521572A - 環境を光学的に走査および測定するデバイス - Google Patents
環境を光学的に走査および測定するデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S17/36—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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Abstract
本発明は、レーザスキャナ10として設計される、環境を光学的に走査および測定するデバイスであって、発光ビーム18を放射する発光器17と、物体Oによってレーザスキャナの周囲で反射され、または他の形で散乱される受光ビーム20を受け取る受光器21と、多数の測定点Xに対して物体への距離を判定する制御および評価ユニット22とを備え、発光ビームが、3次元の色空間を画定する異なる波長を有する3つのレーザビームR、G、Bの重ね合わせであることを特徴とするデバイスに関する。
Description
本発明は、請求項1の一般的な用語の特徴を有するデバイスに関する。
たとえば独国実用新案第202006005643号明細書から周知のものなど、レーザスキャナとして設計されるデバイスを用いて、レーザスキャナの環境を光学的に走査および測定することができる。追加の情報を入手するために、レーザスキャナ上には、RGB信号を取り込む線走査カメラが取り付けられ、したがって色情報によって走査の測定点を完成させることができる。カメラホルダは回転可能である。視誤差を回避するために、その記録を取り込むカメラは、レーザスキャナの垂直回転軸上へ旋回し、レーザスキャナは、カメラが水平回転軸に到達するまで下降する。この方法には、高い精度の構成要素が必要である。
本発明は、導入で述べたタイプのデバイスに代わるデバイスを作るという目的に基づく。この目的は、本発明によれば、請求項1の特徴を含む方法を用いて実現される。従属請求項は、有利な構成に関する。
本発明によるデバイスは、「着色」発光ビームを生成することを可能にし、したがって受光ビームは、色情報をすでに得ている。走査を行った後、測定点のエンティティによって形成される走査と着色されたピクチャまたは多彩なピクチャとをリンクさせる必要はもうない。視誤差は自動的に回避される。
色および輝度情報を入手するには、3つすべてのレーザビームが必要とされる。しかし距離を判定するには、1つのレーザビームで十分であり、このレーザビームは変調されることが好ましい。距離を判定する働きをするレーザビームは、他の2つのレーザビームより高い強度を有することが好ましい。他の2つのレーザビームは、距離に関するさらなる情報を供給することができるが、その他については、誤り補正に使用できる主に冗長な情報を供給する。
特殊な用途または動作モードの場合、単一の単色レーザビームだけが利用可能であれば有利である。この目的のため、発光器は、3つのレーザビームのオンおよびオフを互いに独立して、すなわち個々に切り換えることができ、レーザビームの強度を制御することができ、および/または対応するレーザを取り付けたり取り外したりすることができるように設計されることが好ましい。
周囲のユーザおよび他の人間の眼を保護するために、好ましくは、波長が400nm未満の青色レーザビームを使用することが有利であろう。他の2つのレーザビームは、この青色レーザビームの強度より低い強度を有すること、すなわち青色レーザビームが優勢であることが好ましい。本発明によらない方法において、レーザスキャナは、波長が400nm未満の青色レーザビームを排他的に生成するように設計される。
本発明について、図面に示す例示的な実施形態に基づいて、より詳細に以下に説明する。
レーザスキャナ10が、レーザスキャナ10の環境を光学的に走査および測定するデバイスとして提供される。レーザスキャナ10は、測定ヘッド12および基部14を有する。測定ヘッド12は、垂直軸の周りを回転できるユニットとして、基部14上に取り付けられる。測定ヘッド12は鏡16を有し、鏡16は水平軸の周りを回転することができる。2つの回転軸の交差点を、レーザスキャナ10の中心C10と呼ぶ。
測定ヘッド12は、発光ビーム18を放射する発光器17をさらに備える。発光ビーム18は、3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBの重ね合わせであり、異なる波長をもつ3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBは、波長790nm、555nm、および375nmなど、約300〜1000nmの可視域内である。3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBの波長は、3次元のRGB色空間を画定するように、すなわち可視域全体にわたってよく分散するように選択される。レーザ発光器17は、3つのレーザダイオード17R、17G、17B(または他のレーザ)を有し、レーザダイオード17R、17G、17Bはそれぞれ、3つのレーザビームR、G、またはBのうちの1つを生成する。重ね合わせは、3つの自由レーザビームR、G、およびBを発光器17のコリメータに送り込むことによって、または3つの自由レーザビームR、G、およびBを共通の光ファイバに送り込み、次いでコリメータに送り込むことによって行うことができる。
発光ビーム18内の3つのレーザビームR、G、Bのうちの少なくとも1つ、好ましくは3つすべてのレーザビームR、G、Bは、たとえば正弦波または矩形波の波形変調信号によって振幅変調される。発光ビーム18は発光器17によって鏡16上へ放射され、鏡16で偏向されて環境へ放射される。物体Oによって環境内で反射され、または他の形で散乱される受光ビーム20は、鏡16によって捕獲され、偏向され、かつ受光器21へ誘導される。発光ビーム18および受光ビーム20の方向は鏡16および測定ヘッド12の角度位置に起因し、これらの角度位置は対応する回転駆動装置の位置に依存し、回転駆動装置はそれぞれ1つのエンコーダによって位置合わせされる。制御および評価ユニット22は、測定ヘッド12内の発光器17および受光器21へのデータ接続を有し、それによってそのようなユニットの部分は、測定ヘッド12の外側に構成することもでき、たとえば基部14に接続されたコンピュータとすることができる。制御および評価ユニット22は、多数の測定点Xに対して、発光ビーム18および受光ビーム20の伝搬時間から、レーザスキャナ10(すなわち、中心C10)と物体O(の照らされた点)の間の距離dを判定する。この目的のため、2つの光ビーム18および20間の位相シフトが判定および評価される。
走査は、鏡16の(急速)回転を用いて円に沿って行われる。基部14に対する測定ヘッド12の(低速)回転によって、円を用いて空間全体がステップごとに走査される。そのような測定の測定点Xのエンティティを走査と呼ぶ。そのような走査sの場合、レーザスキャナ10の中心C10は、レーザスキャナ10の静止基準系を画定し、その中に基部14が位置する。レーザスキャナ10、特に測定ヘッド12の設計に関するさらなる詳細は、たとえば米国特許第7,430,068B2号明細書および独国実用新案第202006005643号明細書に記載されている。それぞれの開示を引用して援用する。
位相シフトの評価を用いて測定点Xの距離dを判定するには、3つの波長、すなわち変調された3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBのうちの1つだけを使用することで十分である。必要な場合、このビームは、他の2つのビームと比較すると幾分高い強度(すなわち、電磁波のパワー)を有することができる。基本的に、すべての波長が同じ程度に適している。しかし、人間の眼の受容体の挙動のため400nm未満の波長でより良好に得られる眼の保護に関しては、青色レーザビームB(波長は400nmより短い)を使用して測定点Xの距離dを判定することが有利である。他の2つのレーザビームRおよびGも同様に変調される場合、これらのレーザビームの評価を使用して周囲光を除去することができ、または追加の距離情報を入手することができる。
レーザスキャナ10の中心C10への距離dに加えて、各測定点Xは、制御および評価ユニット22によって同様に判定される色および輝度情報、すなわちレーザビームR、G、およびBの3つの色のいずれかに対する輝度値を含む。各輝度値は、たとえば、測定点Xに帰する測定期間、すなわち別個に3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBのいずれかに対する測定期間にわたって、帯域通過フィルタにかけて増幅させた受光器21の信号の積分によって判定されるグレートーン値に対応する。したがって、3つすべてのレーザビームR、G、およびBが、色および輝度情報の入手に寄与する。
任意選択で、発光器17は、3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBのオンおよびオフを互いに独立して切り換えることができるように、そして好ましくは3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBの強度も制御することができるように設計することができる。このとき発光ビーム18の構成は、用途に適合させることができる。たとえば、距離dおよび輝度(グレートーン値)だけを測定する場合、たとえば青色レーザビームBを使用し、他の2つのレーザビームRおよびGをオフに切り換えることで十分である。発光器17に対してモジュラ設計も可能であり、したがって、3つのレーザビームR、G、およびBを生成するレーザダイオードを互いに独立して取り付けたり取り外したりすることができ、たとえば、プラグイン式の構成要素などにすることができる。該当する場合、距離dを判定する働きをするレーザビームを生成するのに必要なレーザダイオードだけが永久的に取り付けられる。
10 レーザスキャナ、12 測定ヘッド、14 基部、16 鏡、17 発光器、17R,17G,17B レーザダイオード、18 発光ビーム、20 受光ビーム、21 受光器、22 制御および評価ユニット、d 距離、C10 レーザスキャナの中心、O 物体、R,G,B レーザビーム、X 測定点。
Claims (11)
- レーザスキャナ(10)として設計される、環境を光学的に走査および測定するデバイスであって、発光ビーム(18)を放射する発光器(17)と、物体(O)によって前記レーザスキャナ(10)の周囲で反射され、または他の形で散乱される受光ビーム(20)を受け取る受光器(21)と、多数の測定点(X)に対して物体(O)への距離を判定する制御および評価ユニット(22)とを備え、発光ビーム(18)が、3次元の色空間を画定する異なる波長を有する3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)の重ね合わせであることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスであって、前記発光器(17)が、それぞれ3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)のうちの1つを生成する3つのレーザダイオード(17R、17G、17B)または他のレーザを有することを特徴とするデバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載のデバイスであって、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)の前記重ね合わせが、前記3つの自由レーザビーム(R、G、B)を前記発光器(17)のコリメータに送り込むことによって、または前記3つの自由レーザビーム(R、G、B)を共通の光ファイバに送り込み、次いで前記発光器(17)の前記コリメータに送り込むことによって行われることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のデバイスであって、3つすべてのレーザビーム(R、G、B)がともに、測定点(X)に対する色および輝度情報を判定する働きをすることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のデバイスであって、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)のうちの1つが、前記距離(d)を判定する働きをし、他の2つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)が、追加の距離情報および/または誤り補正の働きをすることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 請求項5に記載のデバイスであって、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)の間で、前記距離(d)を判定する働きをするレーザビームが、他の2つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)より高い強度を有することを特徴とするデバイス。
- 請求項5または6に記載のデバイスであって、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)の間で、前記距離(d)を判定する働きをするレーザビームが、400nmより短い波長を有することを特徴とするデバイス。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のデバイスであって、前記発光器(17)が、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)のオンおよびオフを互いに独立して切り換えることができるように、そして特に、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)の強度を制御することができるように設計されることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のデバイスであって、前記発光器(17)が、前記3つのレーザビーム(R、G、B)を生成する前記レーザダイオード(17R、17G、17B)または他のレーザを互いに独立して取り付けたり取り外したりすることができるように設計されることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のデバイスであって、前記レーザスキャナ(10)が回転鏡(16)を有し、前記回転鏡(16)を用いて前記発光ビーム(18)が放射され、前記受光ビーム(20)が捕獲されることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 請求項10に記載のデバイスであって、前記レーザスキャナ(10)が測定ヘッド(12)を有し、前記測定ヘッド(12)が垂直軸の周りを回転し、それによって前記鏡(16)が水平軸の周りを回転することを特徴とするデバイス。
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DE102009015920.7 | 2009-03-25 | ||
DE200910015920 DE102009015920B4 (de) | 2009-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Vorrichtung zum optischen Abtasten und Vermessen einer Umgebung |
US29956610P | 2010-01-29 | 2010-01-29 | |
US61/299,566 | 2010-01-29 | ||
PCT/EP2010/001779 WO2010108642A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2010-03-22 | Device for optically scanning and measuring an environment |
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JP (1) | JP2012521572A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102232174B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102009015920B4 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2482082B (ja) |
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GB2482082A (en) | 2012-01-18 |
CN102232174B (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
DE102009015920A1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
WO2010108642A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
GB201118132D0 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
CN102232174A (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
US9074883B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
DE102009015920B4 (de) | 2014-11-20 |
GB2482082B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
US20120069325A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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