JP2010519004A - 血液透析システム及び方法 - Google Patents
血液透析システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010519004A JP2010519004A JP2009551724A JP2009551724A JP2010519004A JP 2010519004 A JP2010519004 A JP 2010519004A JP 2009551724 A JP2009551724 A JP 2009551724A JP 2009551724 A JP2009551724 A JP 2009551724A JP 2010519004 A JP2010519004 A JP 2010519004A
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- Prior art keywords
- pump
- dialysate
- cassette
- fluid
- flow path
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
ポッドポンプ161及び平衡チャンバ341が透析液にて充填されると、第1の組の弁211,212,213,241,242は閉鎖して、第2の組の弁221,222,223,231,232は開く。未使用の透析液は弁212が閉鎖し弁221が開いているため、平衡チャンバ341に代えて平衡チャンバ342に流れる。未使用の透析液が平衡チャンバ342に流れると、チャンバ内の使用済みの透析液は弁213が閉まるため強制的に平衡回路を退出される。弁232が閉まり弁222が開くため、使用済みの透析液はポッドポンプ161に流れることを防止される。これにより平衡チャンバ341内に含まれている未使用の透析液は透析装置内に配向される(弁241が開き弁212が閉じているため)。この工程の終わりにポッドポンプ162及び平衡チャンバ342は透析液にて充填される。これによりシステムの状態は本明細書の始めの状態に戻り、周期が繰り返され、確実に透析装置を往復する透析液を一定の流れに保持する。これは図18Bに更に示される。
図36A乃至36Eに、底部プレート1100を示す。図36A及び36Bに、底部プレート1100の内側表面を示す。内側表面は図34Eに示すミッドプレート(ここには図示しない)の底面に接触する側である。底部プレート1100はエアライン(図示しない)に取り付けられる。図34Eに示すポッドポンプ820,928及び弁(ここには図示しない)を駆動させる空気のための対応する入口の穴1106はミッドプレートに設けられる。穴1108,1110は図34Cに示す、第2の流体入口824、及び第2の流体出口826にそれぞれ対応する。流路のための溝1112のように、ポッドポンプ820,828及び平衡ポッド812,822の対応する半分を更に示す。頂部プレートとは異なり、ポッドポンプ820,828及び平衡ポッド812,822に対応する底部プレートの半分はポッドポンプ820,828及び平衡ポッド812、822間の違いを明瞭にする。ポッドポンプ820,828は底部プレートに第2の半分に空気の通路を備え、平衡ポッド812,822は頂部プレートで半分と同一の構造を備える。更に、平衡ポッド812,822は流体の平衡を保持し、これにより図示しない隔壁の両側は液体の流路を含み、ポッドポンプ820,828は液体をくみ出す圧力ポンプであり、これにより一方の側は液体流路を含み、底部プレート1100に示す他方の側は空気駆動のチャンバ又は空気流体路を含む。
PowerHeater=ヒータの使用率命令(0乃至100%);
MassFlow=流体質量流速度;
TankPGain=タンク又は入口の温度センサのための比例ゲイン;
ErrorTank=タンク又は入口の温度センサ及び望ましい温度の間の差異;
UFPGain=限外濾過膜又は出口の温度センサのための比例ゲイン;
ErrorUF=uf又は出口の温度センサ及び望ましい温度の間の差異。
ヒータの使用率命令(0乃至100%)からPWM命令が生成される。実施例において、このコントローラは所定の温度が保持されずヒータが飽和すする場合に質量流速度を減少させる。
透析液は更に例えば限外濾過膜を使用して汚染物、感染性の生物、病原体、発熱物質、残骸等を取除くべく濾過される。フィルタは図3Aに示すように配向回路と平衡回路の間にて、透析液流路の好適な位置に配置され、且つ/又は限外濾過膜は配向回路か平衡回路に組み込まれる。限外濾過膜が使用される場合に、フィルタを通して上記タイプを防止する網寸法を有すべく選択される。例えば、網寸法は約0.3マイクロメートル以下、約0.2マイクロメートル以下、約0.1マイクロメートル以下、或いは約0.05マイクロメートル以下等である。当業者は限外濾過膜のようなフィルタは、多くの場合、市場にて容易に入手可能であることを認識するだろう。
上述したように、図11Aの空気の駆動システム110の正の供給弁117、及び負の供給弁118は二通りのオンオフ弁に対して好適に可変的な制限弁である。可変的な弁の使用によって、駆動チャンバ112及び隔壁109に作用される圧力は、隔壁に完全なタンク圧力を作用させることに代えてタンク121,122の僅かな圧力により容易に制御することができる。従ってポッドポンプを駆動させるための圧力がポッドポンプにより異なっても、異なるポッドポンプに対して、同じタンクやタンクの組が使用可能である。タンク圧力は様々なポッドポンプの隔壁に作用される好適な圧力と比較してより大きい必要があるが、1つのポッドポンプは半分のタンク圧力により駆動され、別のポッドポンプは同じタンクにより駆動されるが、四分の一のタンク圧力により駆動する。従って、透析システムの別のポッドが異なった圧力にて駆動するように設計されても、これらのポッドポンプは全て同じタンクか同じ組のタンクを共有するが、様々な弁を使用して異なった圧力にて駆動される。ポッドポンプにて使用される圧力は透析の工程において生じるか、或いは変化する状況に応じて変化する。例えば管が歪むことによりシステムの管が圧縮された場合に、ポッドポンプにおいて使用される正又は負の圧力、或いはその両者が制限の上昇を補うために高められる。
部品を「熱い」セクションと、「冷たい」セクションとに分けることには複数の利点がある。電装品の使用寿命、信頼性、又は使用効率が挙げられる。例えば、部品を「熱い」セクションと「冷たい」セクションに分けることによって、ホットボックス全体が加熱される。これにより、より優れたエネルギー有効システムを実現するために熱が有効的に使用される。れは熱のよりエネルギー効率が良いシステムをもたらすより有効な使用を可能にする。これはまた低価格に実現すための標準的な、在庫中の電子部品の使用を可能にする。
一連の実施例において、停電時には、可能な限り多くの血液を患者に戻すことが好ましい。血液透析システムの一実施例では、使用される様々なポンプや弁を駆動させるために圧縮された気体を使用するため、他の実施例では、このような圧縮された気体を利用して、停電時にシステムの血液を患者へ戻すことができる。この方法に従うと共に、図29Aを参照して、透析装置14を横切って透析液を注入して、血流回路19内の血液を浄化して患者に戻す。圧縮空気を使用して透析液を透析装置14内へ注入する。弁77が圧縮空気を解放するとこの機能を始動する。この方法は、停電や他の障害によって、透析装置が処置の終わりに通常行う方法で患者の血液を浄化して戻すことが妨げられた場合に、使用することが可能である。
システム及び方法の一実施例の実施は、図29Aに示されており、使用される材料の親水性を利用して透析装置14内に細い管を形成する。この材料が湿潤していると、透析液は通過できるが、空気は通過できない。図29Aに示す実施例を実行する場合には、空気は透析装置14に進入できるが、血流回路10を越えて通過しない。
Claims (138)
- 血流路と、
内側透析液流路を形成する第1のカセットと、
血流路及び内側透析液流路と連通する透析装置と、
外側透析液流路を形成する第2のカセットと、
第1のカセットを第2のカセットに連通させるフィルタとを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 血流路と、
内側透析液流路と、
血流路及び内側透析液流路と連通する透析装置と、
外側透析液流路と、
内側透析液流路と外側透析液流路とを連通させるフィルタと、
該内側透析液流路を通じて透析液をくみ出す第1の透析液ポンプと、
該外側透析液流路を通じて透析液をくみ出す第2の透析液ポンプとを備え、同第2の透析液ポンプ及び第1の透析液ポンプは内側透析液流路を通過する流れと外側透析液流路を通過する流れが略等しくなるように操作自在に連結されていることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
透析装置を通じて透析液供給体から透析液が通過して流れる透析液流路とを備え、同透析液流路は、
透析装置を通過する透析液の量を制御する平衡カセットと、
水から透析液を形成する混合カセットと、
水を給水から混合カセットに移動させ、透析液を混合カセットから平衡カセットに移動させる配向カセットとを含むことを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 配向カセット、混合カセット、及び平衡カセットを含むカセットシステムを備え、
配向カセットは水を給水から混合カセットに配向可能であり、且つ透析液を混合カセットから平衡カセットに配向可能であることと、混合カセットは先駆体を形成すべく配向カセットからの水を透析液供給先駆体からの透析液と混合可能であることと、平衡カセットは透析装置を通過する透析液の量を制御可能であることとを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、同血流路は血流ポンプを含むことと、
透析装置を通じて透析液供給体から透析液が通過して流れる透析液流路と、同透析液流路は透析液ポンプを含むことと、
制御流体が通過して血流ポンプ及び透析液ポンプを駆動する制御流体路とを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
透析装置を通じて透析液供給体から透析液が通過して流れる透析液流路とを備え、同透析液流路は少なくとも1つの空気ポンプを含むことを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 複数の弁を含む弁ハウジングと、このうち少なくとも2つの弁はそれぞれ弁チャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含むことと、同少なくとも2つの弁はそれぞれ駆動チャンバ内の制御流体によって駆動可能であることと、
ベースユニットからの制御流体と連通する複数の流体インターフェースポートを有する制御ハウジングと、
弁ハウジングと制御ハウジングの間を延びる複数の管とを備え、各管はベースユニットが流体インターフェースポートにおいて制御流体を加圧することにより弁を駆動できるように流体インターフェースポートの1つと駆動チャンバの少なくとも1つとを連通させることを特徴とする弁システム。 - 複数の弁を含むポンプハウジングと、このうち少なくとも2つのポンプはそれぞれポンプチャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含むことと、同少なくとも2つのポンプはそれぞれ駆動チャンバ内の制御流体によって駆動可能であることと、
ベースユニットからの制御流体と連通する複数の流体インターフェースポートを有する制御ハウジングと、
ポンプハウジングと制御ハウジングの間を延びる複数の管とを備え、各管はベースユニットが流体インターフェースポートにおいて制御流体を加圧することによりポンプを駆動できるように流体インターフェースポートの1つと駆動チャンバの少なくとも1つとを連通させることを特徴とするポンプシステム。 - ポンプチャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含む第1のポンプと、
ポンプチャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含む第2のポンプと、
第1のポンプ及び第2のポンプのそれぞれの駆動チャンバと連通する制御流体と、
第1のポンプ及び第2のポンプの駆動を制御すべく制御流体を加圧可能なコントローラとを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 弁チャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含む第1の弁と、
弁チャンバ及び駆動チャンバを含む第2の弁と、
第1の弁及び第2の弁のそれぞれの駆動チャンバと連通する制御流体と、
第1の弁及び第2の弁の駆動を制御すべく制御流体を加圧可能なコントローラとを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - ポンプチャンバ及び駆動チャンバからなる第1のポンプと、ポンプチャンバ及び駆動チャンバからなる第2のポンプとを提供する工程と、
第1のポンプ及び第2のポンプのそれぞれの駆動チャンバに共通の流体を移動させる工程と、
各第1のポンプ及び第2のポンプにより流体をくみ出すべく共通の流体を加圧する工程とを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 弁チャンバ及び駆動チャンバからなる第1の弁と、弁チャンバ及び駆動チャンバからなる第2の弁とを提供する工程と、
第1の弁及び第2の弁のそれぞれの駆動チャンバに共通の流体を移動させる工程と、
流体が第1の弁及び第2の弁のそれぞれを通じて流れることを少なくとも部分的に防止すべく共通の流体を加圧する工程とを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 透析装置の清掃率を計測する方法において透析装置は血流路内に設けられ、血流路を通じて未処置の血液が患者からくみ出され透析装置を通過し、透析液が透析液供給体から透析装置に流れる透析液流路において血流路が透析装置内の膜によって透析液流路から分離される方法であって、
透析液流路を通じて透析装置に液体を送り、これにより膜を湿潤した状態に保持し膜を通じて気体が流れることを防止する液体を送る工程と、
血流路を通じて気体を透析装置に送り、これにより透析装置内の血流路を気体により充填する気体を送る工程と、
透析装置中の気体の量を計測する工程と、
計測した透析装置中の気体の量に基づき透析装置の清掃率を測定する工程とを含むことを特徴とする透析装置の清掃率の測定方法。 - 透析装置の清掃率を測定する方法であって、
透析装置を横断して圧力差を作用させる工程と、
透析装置の流速を測定する工程と、
該圧力差及び流速に基づき透析装置の清掃率を決定する工程とを含むことを特徴とする透析装置の清掃率の測定方法。 - 透析装置の清掃率を測定する方法であって、
水に透析装置を通過させる工程と、
透析装置の通過後に水に収集されたイオンの量を測定する工程と、
透析装置の通過後に水に収集されたイオンの量に基づき透析装置の清掃率を決定する工程とを含むことを特徴とする透析装置の清掃率の測定方法。 - 透析装置の清掃率を測定する方法であって、
水に透析装置を通過させる工程と、
水の伝導度を計測する工程と、
水の伝導度に基づき透析装置の清掃率を決定する工程とを含むことを特徴とする透析装置の清掃率の測定方法。 - 血液中に流体を案内する方法であって、
流体の小瓶を受承するために一体的に形成されたスパイクを含むカセットと、小瓶からカセット内への流体の流れを制御するための弁機構とを提供する工程と、
流体を含む小瓶をスパイクに取り付ける工程と、
カセットを通じて血液をくみ出す工程と
流体を小瓶から血液中に案内する工程とを含むことを特徴とする血液中に流体を案内する方法。 - ポンプカセットであって、
少なくとも1つの流体入口と、
少なくとも1つの流体出口と、
該少なくとも1つの流体入口と少なくとも1つの流体出口とを連結する流路と、
該カセットに小瓶を取り付けるためのスパイクとを備え、同スパイクは流路と連通することを特徴とするポンプカセット。 - 血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
血流路の少なくとも一部を含むカセットと、
カセットと一体的に形成されるスパイクとを備え、同スパイクは流体の小瓶を受承できることと、一体的に形成されたスパイクはカセット内にて血流路と連通することとを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
透析装置を通じて透析液供給体から透析液が通過して流れる透析液流路と、同透析回路は透析液を透析液流路から血流路に移動させることと、
透析液流路と連通する気体供給体とを備え、駆動された場合に気体供給体からの気体により透析液は透析装置を通過し、血流路中の血液を患者に戻されることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
透析液が透析液供給体から透析装置を通過して流れる透析液流路と、該透析装置により透析液は透析液流路から血流路を通過可能であることと、
流体供給体と、
流体供給体及び透析液流路と連通するチャンバと、同チャンバは透析液流路の透析液と、流体供給体の流体とを分離する隔壁を有することと、
流体供給体を加圧し、隔壁をチャンバ内の透析液に移動させ、これにより透析液に透析装置を通過させ、血流内の血液を患者に戻す加圧装置とを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、
透析装置を通じて透析液供給体から透析液が通過して流れる透析液流路と、同透析液流路及び血流路連通することと、
透析液流路内の透析液を血流路内に移動させることのできる加圧装置とを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、透析液が透析液供給体から透析装置を通過して流れる透析液流路とからなる血液透析システムを提供する工程と、
血流路と透析液流路とを連通させる工程と、
透析液を透析液流路を通じて移動させ、これにより血流路内の血液を患者内に移動させる工程とを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、透析液が透析液供給体から透析装置を通過して流れる透析液流路とからなる血液透析システムを提供する工程と、
血流路と透析液流路とを連通させる工程と、
血流路内の血液を流すべく透析液流路内に気体を移動させる工程とを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路を提供する工程と、
透析液が透析液供給体から透析装置を通じて流れる透析液流路を提供する工程と、
総容量の透析液を準備するために原料を提供する工程と、
透析液の原料と混合するために水を提供する工程と、
容量の水を原料の一部と混合し、第1の部分的な容量の透析液を準備する工程において第1の部分的な容量は総容量と比較して少ない混合工程と、
部分的な容量の透析液を透析液流を通じ透析装置を通じてポンプにより送る工程と、
血液を血流路を通じ透析装置を通じてポンプにより送る工程において透析液の第1の部分的な容量がポンプにより透析装置に送られる工程と、
容量の水を原料の一部と混合し、第2の容量の透析液を準備し、第2の容量の透析液を容器内に保存し、血液及び第1の容量の透析液を透析装置を通じてポンプにより送られる混合工程とを含むことを特徴とする血液透析を実施する方法。 - 患者からの血液及び透析液を第1の速度にて血液透析システム内に含まれる透析装置を通過させる工程と、
第1の速度とは実質的に異なる第2の速度にて血液透析システム内に透析液を形成する工程と、過剰な透析液は血液透析システム内に含まれる容器内に収容されることとを特徴とする血液透析を実施する方法。 - 目的の部位を往復する流れの平衡を保持するポンプカセットであって、
カセット入口と、
目的の部位への供給ラインと、
目的の部位からの戻りラインと、
カセット出口と、
流体をカセット入口から供給ラインへ、且つ戻りラインからカセット出口へ流すポンプ機構と、同ポンプ機構はポッドポンプを含むことと、同ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容量を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁と、
ポンプ容量内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
隔壁が駆動され流体をポンプ容量内外に出入りさせるためにポッドポンプを気圧駆動システムに連結する駆動ポートとを含み、ポンプ隔壁は流体を気圧駆動システムと連通する気体から分離することと、
平衡チャンバとを備え、同平衡チャンバは、
平衡容量を画定する堅固な湾曲した壁と、
平衡容量内に設けられた平衡隔壁とを含み、同平衡隔壁は平衡容量を供給側及び戻り側に分離することと、供給側及び戻り側はそれぞれ入口及び出口を有することと、
カセット入口からの流体は供給側入口に流れ、供給側出口からの流体は供給ラインに流れ、戻りラインからの流体は戻り側入口に流れ、戻り側出口からの流体はカセット出口に流れることとを特徴とする目的の部位を往復する流れの平衡を保持するポンプカセット。 - 目的の部位を往復する流れの平衡を保持するポンプシステムであって、
システム入口と、
目的の部位への供給ラインと、
目的の部位からの戻りラインと、
システム出口と、
流体をシステム入口から供給ラインへ、且つ戻りラインからシステム出口へ流すポンプ機構と、同ポンプ機構はポッドポンプを含むことと、同ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容量を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な回転楕円体の壁と、
該回転楕円体の壁内に設けられ回転楕円体の壁へのポンプ隔壁と、
該隔壁が駆動され流体をポンプ容量内外に出入りさせるためにポッドポンプを気圧駆動システムに連結するポートとを含み、ポンプ隔壁は流体を気圧駆動システムと連通する気体から分離することと、
平衡チャンバと、同平衡チャンバは、
平衡容量を画定する堅固な回転楕円体の壁と、
回転楕円体の壁内に設けられ回転楕円体の壁への平衡隔壁とを含み、同平衡隔壁は平衡容量を供給側及び戻り側に分離することと、供給側及び戻り側はそれぞれ入口及び出口を有することと、
システム入口からの流体は供給側入口に流れ、供給側出口からの流体は供給ラインに流れ、戻りラインからの流体は戻り側入口に流れ、戻り側出口からの流体はシステム出口に流れることと、
供給側及び出口側の入口及び出口のそれぞれに設けられる弁機構とを備え、弁機構は空気圧により駆動されることとを特徴とする目的の部位を往復する流れの平衡を保持するポンプシステム。 - 第1の入口を第1の出口に連結する第1の流路と、
第2の入口を第2の出口に連結する第2の流路と、
第2の流路の少なくとも一部を通じて流体をくみ出すことのできるポンプと、
少なくとも2つの平衡チャンバとを備え、各平衡チャンバは堅固な容器を第1の区画及び第2の区画に分離する隔壁を含む堅固な容器とを含み、各平衡チャンバの第1の区画は第1の流路と連通し、第2の区画は第2の流路と連通することとを特徴とするカセット。 - 第1の入口を第1の出口に連結する第1の流路と、
第2の入口を第2の出口に連結する第2の流路と、
制御流体路と、
少なくとも2つのポンプと、各ポンプは堅固な容器を第1の区画及び第2の区画に分離する隔壁を含む堅固な容器とを備え、各ポンプの第1の区画は制御流体路と連通し、第2の区画は第2の流路と連通することと、
第1の流路及び第2の流路の間の流れの平衡を保つことのできる平衡チャンバとを備えることを特徴とするカセット。 - 第1の堅固な要素と、
第2の堅固な要素と、第2の堅固な要素は第1のプレートに面する側に内部に形成される溝を有することと、同溝は第1の堅固な要素に面する方向に開くことと、
縁を有する隔壁とを備え、同縁は溝に摩擦嵌入することによって溝内に保持されるが第1の堅固な要素は縁に対して接触しないことと、
第1の堅固な要素及び第2の堅固な要素は少なくとも部分的に、隔壁によって複数のチャンバに分離されるポッドポンプチャンバを形成し、更に少なくとも部分的にポッドポンプチャンバへの流路を形成することと、溝はポッドポンプチャンバを包囲することとを特徴とするポンプ。 - 往復式容積型ポンプであって、
堅固なチャンバ壁と、
堅固なチャンバ壁に取り付けられた可撓性を備えた隔壁と、これにより可撓性を備えた隔壁と堅固なチャンバ壁とがポンプチャンバを形成することと、
堅固なチャンバ壁を通じてポンプチャンバ内に流れを配向する入口と、
堅固なチャンバ壁を通じてポンプチャンバ外に流れを配向する出口と、
隔壁の運動を制限し、ポンプチャンバの最大容量を制限する堅固な制限壁と、可撓性を備えた隔壁及び堅固な制限壁は駆動チャンバを形成することと、
駆動チャンバに制御圧力を断続的に生じさせる気圧駆動システムとを備え、同気圧駆動システムは、
駆動チャンバの圧力を計測する駆動チャンバ圧力変換器と、
第1の圧力を有する気体タンクと、
駆動チャンバ及び気体タンク間の気体の流れを可変的に制限する可変の弁機構と、
駆動チャンバ圧力変換器からの圧力情報を受承し可変の弁を制御し、これにより駆動チャンバ内に制御圧力を生じさせるコントローラとを含むことと、制御圧力は第1の圧力より小さいこととを特徴とする往復式容積型ポンプ。 - 第1のプレートと、
第2のプレートと、第2のプレートは第1のプレートに面する側に凹部を有することと、同凹部は内部に形成される溝を有することと、同溝は第1のプレートに面する方向に開くことと、
第3のプレートと、該第2のプレートは第1のプレート及び第3のプレートの間に設けられることと、
該第1のプレート及び第2のプレートの間の凹部に設けられる隔壁とを備え、同隔壁は縁を有することと、同縁は溝内に保持されることと、
第2のプレートは弁シートを含み、隔壁が空気圧により弁シートをシールすることと、該溝は弁シートを包囲することと、
弁入口及び弁出口が第2のプレート及び第3のプレートの間に形成されることと、
空気圧を提供する通路が第1のプレート及び第2のプレートの間に形成されることとを特徴とする弁。 - 第1の入口を第1の出口に連結する第1の流路と、
第2の入口を第2の出口に連結する第2の流路と、
堅固な容器を第1の区画及び第2の区画に分離する隔壁を含む堅固な容器とを備え、第1の区画は第1の流路と連通し、第2の区画は第2の流路と連通することを特徴とするカセット。 - 堅固な容器を第1の区画及び第2の区画に分離する可撓性を備えた隔壁を含む略球状の容器を備え、第1の区画及び第2の区画は相互に連通しないため、第1区画に進入する流体により隔壁が移動することによって、第2の区画内にて流体のくみ出しが生じることを特徴とするポンプ。
- 制御流体によって駆動される容積型ポンプを含む第1のハウジングと、
該容積型ポンプを制御流体ポンプに連通させる流体導管と、
該制御流体ポンプを含む第2のハウジングとを備え、同第2のハウジングは第1のハウジングから脱着自在であることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 絶縁壁によって分離される第1の区分と第2の区分とを含むハウジングを備え、第1の区分は少なくとも約80℃の温度にて殺菌可能であり、第2の区分は第1の区分が少なくとも約80℃の温度に加熱された場合に60℃を越える温度まで加熱されない電気的要素を含むことを特徴とする血液透析システム。
- 未処置の血液が内部に患者からくみ出され、且つ透析装置内を通過する血流路と、同血流路は少なくとも1つの血液弁を含むことと、、
血液弁を駆動するために制御流体を駆動機構から血液弁に提供する制御流体路と、
該透析装置に連通し、少なくとも1つの透析装置弁を含む透析液混合システムと、
透析液を加熱するヒータとを備えることを特徴とする血液透析システム。 - 前記第1のカセットは第2のカセットに対して相対移動不能に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1のカセット及び第2のカセットを連通させる少なくとも1つのポッドを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記血流路は血流カセットに形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記フィルタは限外濾過装置であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1のカセットは複数のポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第2のカセットは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第2のカセットと連通する第3のカセットを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第3のカセットは透析液を形成することを特徴とする請求項45に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1のカセット及び第2のカセットと連通するヒータを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記血流路及び第2のカセット間にて連結可能な導管を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1のカセットはポッドポンプからなり、同ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記第1のカセットは平衡チャンバからなり、同平衡チャンバは、
平衡容積を画定する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
平衡容積内に画定される平衡隔壁とを備え、前記平衡隔壁は平衡容積を供給側と戻り側に分離し、供給側と戻り側はそれぞれ入口と出口とを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記第2のカセットはポッドポンプからなり、同ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項1に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記血流路は血流カセットによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項2,3,5,6,20,21,22,38のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム、或いは請求項13,23,24,25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記血流カセットはポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。 - 前記血流カセットはカセットと一体的に形成されるスパイクを備え、同スパイクは流体の小瓶を受承可能であることを特徴とする請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記血流カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記血流カセットは低圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記内側透析液流路はカセットによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記外側透析液流路はカセットによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記内側透析液流路は複数のポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第外側透析液流路は少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の透析液ポンプは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第2の透析液ポンプは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項61,62,63のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記平衡カセットは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットは2つのポッドポンプと2つの平衡チャンバからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは制御流体によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項44,61,62,63,65のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットは共通の制御流体によって制御される少なくとも2つの弁からなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 少なくとも2つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項67に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも2つのポッドポンプは共通の制御流体によって制御されることを特徴とする請求項69に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記制御流体は気体であることを特徴とする請求項5,9,67,68,70のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記制御流体は気体であることを特徴とする請求項5,9,67,68,70のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットはセンサ要素からなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記混合カセットはセンサ要素からなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記センサ要素は温度を送信すること、及び導管を通過する流体の伝導度を検知させることの少なくとも1つのためのセンサ要素であることを特徴とする請求項73又は74に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記センサは熱泉からなることと、熱泉は熱伝導度を備えた材料からなる中空のハウジングからなることと、同ハウジングは外側表面及び内側表面を有することと、内側表面は検知プローブと適合する形状とすべく所定の形状を有することと、これにより内側表面を検知プローブに連結させることとを特徴とする請求項73又は74に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記混合カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記混合カセットは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは低圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記低圧源は圧力源であることを特徴とする請求項57,79,80,81のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記平衡カセットは少なくとも2つの往復式容積型ポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも2つの往復式容積型ポンプは透析液を略一定の流速とすることができることを特徴とする請求項83に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは高圧源及び低圧源への暴露を通じて制御されることを特徴とする請求項44,61,62,63,65のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは透析液タンクからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは制御流体によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項87に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは少なくとも2つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも2つのポッドポンプは共通の制御流体によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項89に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは低圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項87に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項87に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記混合カセットは酸源を含むことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記混合カセットは重炭酸塩源を含むことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記配向カセットは少なくとも2つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも2つのポッドポンプは共通の制御流体によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項96に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは低圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項95に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは高圧源に連通して連結可能であることを特徴とする請求項95に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは制御流体によって駆動されることを特徴とする請求項95に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項65,87,95のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記透析液流路は少なくとも1つのカセットによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項5,6,20,21,22のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム、或いは請求項13,23,24,25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記透析液流路は少なくとも2つのカセットによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は装置。
- 前記2つのカセットは相対移動不能に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記2つのカセットは連通していることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記透析液流路は少なくとも3つのカセットによって形成されることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は装置。
- 前記2つのカセット間にて連結可能な導管を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記2つのカセット間にて連結可能なポッドポンプを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項102に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記ポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項108に記載のシステム又は方法。 - 前記透析液流路は、
透析装置を通過する透析液の量を制御する平衡カセットと、
水から透析液を形成する混合カセットと、
水を給水から混合カセットに移動させ、透析液を混合カセットから平衡カセットに移動させる配向カセットとを含むことを特徴とする請求項108に記載のシステム又は方法。 - 前記制御流体はコントローラによって制御されることを特徴とする請求項10,36,38,67,88,100のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記共通の制御流体はコントローラによって制御されることを特徴とする請求項68,70,90,97のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記コントローラは第1の区分内に位置され、ポンプは第2の区分内に位置されることを特徴とする請求項111又は112に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から少なくとも部分的に熱的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項113に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から空間的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項113に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から空間的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項113に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記血流ポンプは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記透析液流ポンプは少なくとも1つのポッドポンプからなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポッドポンプは、
ポンプ容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられたポンプ隔壁と、
ポッドポンプを空気式駆動システムに連結し、流体をポンプの内外に移動させるべく隔壁を駆動する駆動ポートとを含むことと、ポンプ隔壁は空気式駆動システムと連通する気体から流体を分離することとを特徴とする請求項117又は118に記載の血液透析システム。 - 前記制御流体は1つ以上の管を使用して搬送されることを特徴とする請求項111又は112に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記コントローラは制御流体を加圧することができることを特徴とする請求項111又は112に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記コントローラは第1の区分内に位置され、第1のポンプ及び第2のポンプは第2の区分内に位置されることを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から少なくとも部分的に熱的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項122に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から空間的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項122に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は第2の区分から空間的に隔離されていることを特徴とする請求項122に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記制御流体は気体であることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記制御流体は空気であることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記流体は抗凝血剤からなることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記抗凝血剤はヘパリンであることを特徴とする請求項128に記載の方法。
- 前記弁機構は、
容積を画定し、入口及び出口を有する堅固な湾曲した壁部と、
ポンプ内に設けられた隔壁とを備えることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。 - 前記スパイクは中空であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法、請求項18に記載のポンプカセット、請求項19に記載の血液透析システム、或いは請求項52に記載のシステム又は方法。
- 前記気体供給体は空気供給体であることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記ヒータは電気的ヒータであることを特徴とする請求項38に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1の区分は血液透析システムの使用時において外的環境に対して開いていないことを特徴とする請求項37に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記第2の区分は血液透析システムの使用時において外的環境に対して開いていないことを特徴とする請求項37に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記堅固な湾曲した壁部は略球状の容積を画定することを特徴とする請求項49,50,51,54,64,101,109,119,130のいずれか一項に記載の血液透析システム。
- 前記堅固な容器は略球状の容積を画定することを特徴とする請求項29,31,34のいずれか一項に記載のカセット、又は請求項35に記載のポンプ。
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