ES2693291T3 - Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor - Google Patents
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor Download PDFInfo
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- ES2693291T3 ES2693291T3 ES10014927.7T ES10014927T ES2693291T3 ES 2693291 T3 ES2693291 T3 ES 2693291T3 ES 10014927 T ES10014927 T ES 10014927T ES 2693291 T3 ES2693291 T3 ES 2693291T3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
- A61P23/02—Local anaesthetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
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- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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Abstract
Uso como compatibilizador de una composición que comprende al menos un fluoroalqueno, en el que el al menos un fluoroalqueno comprende 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd).
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con fluor Campo de la invencion
Esta invencion se refiere a composiciones que tienen utilidad como compatibilizador.
Antecedentes
Los fluidos basados en fluorocarbono han encontrado un amplio uso en muchas aplicaciones comerciales e industriales, incluyendo como fluido de trabajo en sistemas tales como sistema de aire acondicionado, bombas de calor y refrigeracion, como propulsores de aerosoles, como agentes de soplado, como medios de transferencia de calor y como dielectricos gaseosos. A causa de determinados problemas ambientales sospechosos, incluyendo los potenciales de calentamiento global relativamente elevados, asociados con el uso de algunas de las composiciones que se han usado hasta ahora en estas aplicaciones, cada vez esta siendo mas deseable usar fluidos que tengan un potencial de reduccion de ozono bajo o incluso cero, tal como hidrofluorocarbonos ("HFC"). Por tanto, el uso de fluidos que no contienen clorofluorocarbonos ("CFC") o hidroclorofluorocarbonos ("HCFC") es deseable. Ademas, algunos fluidos HFC pueden tener potenciales de calentamiento global relativamente elevados asociados con los mismos, y es deseable usar hidrofluorocarbono u otros fluidos fluorados que tengan el menor potencial de calentamiento global posible manteniendo al mismo tiempo el rendimiento deseado en propiedades de uso. Adicionalmente, el uso de fluidos de un unico componente o mezclas de tipo azeotropo, que no se fracciona sustancialmente en ebullicion y evaporacion, es deseable en determinadas circunstancias.
Determinados fluorocarbonos han sido un componente preferido en muchos fluidos de intercambio de calor, tales como refrigerantes, durante muchos anos en muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, los fluoroalcanos, tales como clorofluorometano y derivados de clorofluoroetano, han conseguido un amplio uso como refrigerantes en aplicaciones, incluyendo aplicaciones de aire acondicionado y de bomba de calor debido a su combinacion unica de propiedades quimicas y fisicas. Muchos de los refrigerantes habitualmente utilizados en sistemas de compresion de vapor son fluidos de un unico componente o mezclas azeotropicas.
Como se sugiere anteriormente, ha ido creciendo la preocupacion en los ultimos anos sobre el dano potencial a la atmosfera y el clima de la tierra, y se han identificado determinados compuestos basados en cloro como particularmente problematicos a este respecto. El uso de composiciones que contienen cloro (tales como clorofluorocarbonos (CFC), hidroclorofluorocarbonos (HCF) y similares) como fluido de trabajo en sistemas de transferencia de calor, tal como en sistemas de refrigeracion y aire acondicionado, ha quedado desfavorecido a causa de las propiedades reductoras de ozono asociadas con muchos de dichos compuestos. Por tanto, ha habido una necesidad creciente de nuevos compuestos de fluorocarbono e hidrofluorocarbono y composiciones que sean alternativas atractivas a las composiciones usadas hasta ahora en estas y otras aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, ha llegado a ser deseable acondicionar sistemas de refrigeracion que contienen cloro remplazando los refrigerantes que contienen cloro con compuestos refrigerantes que no contienen cloro que no reduciran la capa de ozono, tal como hidrofluorocarbonos (HFC). En la industria en general y la industria de transferencia de calor en particular estan buscando continuamente nuevas mezclas basadas en fluorocarbono que ofrezcan alternativas a, y se consideren sustitutos ambientalmente mas seguros para, CFC y HCFC. En general se considera importante, sin embargo, al menos con respecto a los fluidos de transferencia de calor, que cualquier posible sustituto tambien debe poseer aquellas propiedades presentes en muchos de los fluidos usados mas ampliamente, tales como excelentes propiedades de transferencia de calor, estabilidad quimica, baja toxicidad o ausencia de toxicidad, ausencia de inflamabilidad y/o compatibilidad de lubricante, entre otros.
Los solicitantes han llegado a apreciar que la compatibilidad de lubricante es de particular importancia en muchas aplicaciones. Mas particularmente, es muy deseable que los fluidos de refrigeracion sean compatibles con el lubricante utilizado en la unidad compresora, usada en la mayoria de sistema de refrigeracion. Desafortunadamente, muchos fluidos de refrigeracion que no contienen cloro, incluyendo HFC, son relativamente insolubles y/o inmiscibles en los tipos de lubricantes usados tradicionalmente con CFC y HFC, incluyendo, por ejemplo, aceites minerales, alquilbencenos o poli(alfa-olefinas). Para que una combinacion de fluido de refrigeracion-lubricante funcione a un nivel deseable de eficacia dentro de un sistema de refrigeracion por compresion, de aire acondicionado y/o de bomba de calor, el lubricante debe ser suficientemente soluble en el liquido de refrigeracion sobre una amplia gama de temperaturas de funcionamiento. Dicha solubilidad disminuye la viscosidad del lubricante y permite que fluya mas facilmente a traves de todo el sistema. En ausencia de dicha solubilidad, los lubricantes tienden a quedar alojados en los serpentines del evaporador del sistema de refrigeracion, de aire acondicionado o de bomba de calor, asi como otras partes del sistema y, por tanto, reduce la eficacia del sistema.
Con respecto a la eficacia en uso, es importante apreciar que una perdida en el rendimiento termodinamico del refrigerante o la eficacia energetica pueden tener impactos ambientales secundarios a traves del uso aumentado de combustible fosil que surge de una demanda aumentada de energia electrica.
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Ademas, generalmente se considera deseable que los sustitutos de refrigerante CFC sean eficaces sin cambios de diseno importantes para la tecnologfa de compresion por vapor convencional actualmente usada con refrigerantes CFC.
La inflamabilidad es otra propiedad importante para muchas aplicaciones. Es decir, se considera importante o esencial en muchas aplicaciones, incluyendo particularmente en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, el uso de composiciones que no sean inflamables. Por tanto, frecuentemente es beneficioso usar en dichas composiciones compuestos que no sean inflamables. Como se usa en este documento, el termino "no inflamable" se refiere a compuestos o composiciones que se determina que son no inflamables segun se determina de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E-681, con fecha de 2002, que se incorpora en este documento por referencia. Desafortunadamente, muchos HFC que podrfan ser deseables de otro modo para su uso en composiciones refrigerantes no son no inflamables. Por ejemplo, el fluoroalcano difluoroetano (HFC-152a) y el fluoroalqueno 1,1,1-trifluoropropeno (HFO- 1243zf) son cada uno inflamables y, por lo tanto, no son viables para su uso en muchas aplicaciones.
Los fluoroalquenos superiores, es decir, alquenos sustituidos con fluor que tienen al menos cinco atomos de carbono, se han sugerido para su uso como refrigerantes. La patente de Estados Unidos n.° 4788352 - Smutny se refiere a la produccion de compuestos C5 a C8 fluorados que tienen al menos algun grado de insaturacion. La patente de Smutny identifica dichas olefinas superiores como conocidas por tener utilidad como refrigerantes, plaguicidas, fluidos dielectricos, fluidos de transferencia de calor, disolventes e intermedios en diversas reacciones qufmica. (Vease la columna 1, lfneas 11 -22).
Aunque las olefinas fluoradas descritas en Smutny pueden tener algun nivel de eficacia en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, se cree que dichos compuestos tambien pueden tener determinadas desventajas. Por ejemplo, algunos de estos compuestos pueden tender a atacar a los sustratos, particularmente plasticos con fines generales tales como resinas acrflicas y resinas de ABS. Ademas, los compuestos olefrnicos superiores descritos en Smutny tambien pueden ser indeseables en determinadas aplicaciones a causa del posible nivel de toxicidad de dichos compuestos que puede surgir como resultado de la actividad plaguicida indicada en Smutny. Ademas, dichos compuestos pueden tener un punto de ebullicion que es demasiado elevado para hacer que sean utiles como refrigerante en determinadas aplicaciones.
El bromofluorometano y los derivados de bromoclorofluorometano, particularmente el bromotrifluorometano (halon 1301) y el bromoclorodifluorometano (halon 1211) han conseguido un amplio uso como agentes extintores de incendios en areas cerradas tales como cabinas de aviones y salas de ordenadores. Sin embargo, el uso de diversos halones se esta eliminando paulatinamente debido a su alta reduccion de ozono. Ademas, como los halones se usan frecuentemente en zonas donde hay seres humanos presentes, el remplazo adecuado tambien debe ser seguro para los seres humanos a concentraciones necesarias para suprimir o extinguir el fuego.
El documento US 2004/256594 divulga el uso de tetrafluoropropenos en una diversidad de aplicaciones, incluyendo como agentes compatibilizadores.
Los solicitantes, por tanto, han llegado a apreciar una necesidad de composiciones, y particularmente agentes compatibilizadores, que sean potencialmente utiles en numerosas aplicaciones, evitando al mismo tiempo una o mas de las desventajas indicadas anteriormente.
Sumario
Los solicitantes han descubierto que la necesidad indicada anteriormente y otras necesidades, pueden satisfacerse mediante composiciones compatibilizadores, que comprende 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd).
El termino "HFCO-1233zd" se usa en este documento para hacer referencia a cis- y tambien a trans-1,1,1 -trifluo-3- clororopropeno (HFCO-1233zd). El termino HFCO-1233zd se usa en este documento de forma generica para hacer referencia a 1,1,1-trifluo-3-cloropropeno, independientemente de si es la forma cis o trans. Los terminos "cisHFCO- 1233zd" y "transHFCO-1233zd" se usan en este documento para describir las formas cis y trans de 1,1,1 -trifluo-3- clororopropeno, respectivamente. El termino "HFCO-1233zd" por lo tanto, incluye dentro de su alcance cisHFCO- 1233zd, transHFCO-1233zd y todas las combinaciones y mezclas de estos.
La presente invencion proporciona tambien metodos y sistemas que utilizan las composiciones de la presente invencion como compatibilizadores.
Descripcion detallada de realizaciones preferidas
Las composiciones
Los solicitantes creen que, en general, HFCO-1233zd en general es eficaz y muestra utilidad como compatibilizador. Sin embargo, los solicitantes han descubierto de forma sorprendente e inesperada que HFCO-1233zd muestra un bajo nivel de toxicidad muy deseable en comparacion con otros de estos compuestos. Como puede apreciarse
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facilmente, este descubrimiento es de ventaja y beneficio potencialmente enorme para la formulacion de composiciones que contendrfan por el contrario compuestos relativamente toxicos. Los solicitantes creen tambien que todos los isomeros estructurales, geometricos y estereoisomeros de HFCO-1233zd son eficaces y de toxicidad beneficiosamente baja.
Se cree que las presentes composiciones, que comprenden HFCO-1233zd tienen propiedades que son ventajosas por varias razones importantes. Por ejemplo, los solicitantes creen, basandose al menos en parte en modelado matematico que HFCO-1233zd no tendra un efecto negativo sustancial sobre la qufmica atmosferica, ya que contribuye de forma insignificante a la reduccion de ozono en comparacion con algunas otras especies halogenadas. Las composiciones preferidas de la presente invencion, por tanto, tienen la ventaja de no contribuir sustancialmente a la reduccion de ozono. Las composiciones preferidas tampoco contribuyen sustancialmente al calentamiento global en comparacion con muchos de los hidrofluoroalcanos actualmente en uso.
Por supuesto, tambien pueden incluirse otros compuestos y/o componentes que modulan una propiedad particular de las composiciones (tal como el coste, por ejemplo) en las presentes composiciones, y la presencia de todos estos compuestos y componentes esta dentro del amplio alcance de la invencion.
En determinadas formas preferidas, las composiciones de la presente invencion tienen un potencial de calentamiento global (GWP) de no mas de aproximadamente 1000, mas preferiblemente de no mas de aproximadamente 500 e incluso mas preferiblemente de no mas de aproximadamente 150. En determinadas realizaciones, el GWP de las presentes composiciones es no mayor de aproximadamente 100 e incluso mas preferiblemente no mayor de aproximadamente 75. Como se usa en este documento el "GWP" se mide respecto al de dioxido de carbono y sobre un horizonte de tiempo de 100 anos, como se define en " The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project,".
En determinadas formas preferidas, las presentes composiciones tambien tienen preferiblemente un potencial de reduccion de ozono (ODP) de no mas de 0,05, mas preferiblemente de no mas de 0,02 e incluso mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente cero. Como se usa en este documento, el "ODP" es como se define en " The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project,".
La cantidad de HFCO-1233zd, contenida en las presentes composiciones puede varias ampliamente, dependiendo de la aplicacion particular, y las composiciones que contienen mas de cantidades mmimas y menos del 100 % del compuesto estan dentro del amplio alcance de la presente invencion. Ademas, las composiciones de la presente invencion pueden ser azeotropicas, de tipo azeotropo o no azeotropicas. En realizaciones preferidas, las presentes composiciones comprenden HFCO-1233zd en cantidades de aproximadamente un 5 % en peso a aproximadamente un 99 % en peso, e incluso mas preferiblemente de aproximadamente un 5 % a aproximadamente un 95 %. Muchos compuestos o componentes adicionales incluyendo lubricantes, estabilizantes, pasivadores de metal, inhibidores de la corrosion, supresores de inflamabilidad y otros compuestos y/o componentes que modulan una propiedad particular de las composiciones (tal como el coste, por ejemplo) pueden incluirse en las presentes composiciones, y la presencia de todos estos compuestos y componentes esta dentro del amplio alcance de la invencion. En determinadas realizaciones preferidas, las presentes composiciones incluyen, ademas de HFCO-1233zd uno o mas de los siguientes:
triclorofluorometano (CFC-11)
diclorodifluorometano (CFC-12)
difluorometano (HFC-32)
pentafluoroetano (HFC-125)
1.1.2.2- tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134)
1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134a) difluoroetano (HFC-152a)
1.1.1.2.3.3.3- heptafluoropropano (HFC-227ea)
1.1.1.3.3.3- hexafluoropropano (HFC-236fa)
1.1.1.3.3- pentafluoropropano (HFC-245fa)
1.1.1.3.3- pentafluorobutano (HFC-365mfc) agua
CO2
La cantidad relativa de HFCO-1233zd, asi como cualquier componente adicional que pueda incluirse en las presentes composiciones, puede variar ampliamente dentro del amplio alcance general de la presente invencion de acuerdo con la aplicacion particular para la composicion, y todas estas cantidades relativas se consideran dentro del alcance de la misma.
5
Por consiguiente, los solicitantes han reconocido que determinadas composiciones de la presente invencion pueden usarse con gran ventaja en la aplicacion de compatibilizador. Se cree que los expertos en la materia seran muy capaces de adaptar las presentes composiciones para su uso en esta aplicacion sin experimentacion excesiva.
10 Las presentes composiciones generalmente son utiles como remplazo para CFC, tal como diclorodifluorometano (CfC-12), HCFC, tal como clorodifluorometano (HCFC-22), HFC, tal como tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134a) y combinaciones de HFC y CFC, tal como la combinacion de CFC-12 y 1,1-difluoroetano (HFC-152a) (la combinacion CFC-12:HFC-152a en una relacion de masa de 73,8:26,2 que se conoce como R-500) en aplicaciones de refrigerante, aerosol y otros aplicaciones.
15
Ademas, las presentes composiciones tambien pueden incluir un compatibilizador, tal como propano, con el fin de ayudar a la compatibilidad y/o solubilidad del lubricante. Dichos compatibilizadores, incluyendo, propano, butanos y pentanos, estan presente preferiblemente en cantidades de aproximadamente un 0,5 a aproximadamente un 5 % en peso de la composicion.
20
Claims (5)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Uso como compatibilizador de una composicion que comprende al menos un fluoroalqueno, en el que el al menos un fluoroalqueno comprende 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd).5
- 2. Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 1, en el que el al menos un fluoroalqueno comprende cis HFCO-1233zd, trans HFCO-1233zd o una combinacion de los mismos.
- 3. Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 2, en el que el al menos un fluoroalqueno comprende trans HFCO-1233zd.10
- 4. Uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicacion precedente, en el que la composicion comprende de aproximadamente un 5 % a aproximadamente un 99 %, preferiblemente de aproximadamente un 5 % a aproximadamente un 95 % en peso de el al menos un fluoroalqueno.15 5. Uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicacion precedente, en el que la composicion tiene un potencial decalentamiento global (GWP) de no mas de aproximadamente 500 y preferiblemente de no mas de aproximadamente 150.
- 6. Uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicacion precedente, en el que la composicion comprende ademas un 20 compatibilizador seleccionado de propanos, butanos o pentanos.
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ES10014872T Active ES2819051T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Uso de composiciones que comprenden HFCO-1233zd |
ES10014927.7T Active ES2693291T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
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ES10014923T Active ES2761950T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente |
ES10014887T Active ES2746501T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
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ES06785612.0T Active ES2527746T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Método de extracción con disolventes usando trifluoro, monocloropropeno |
ES10014923T Active ES2761950T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente |
ES10014887T Active ES2746501T3 (es) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-06-26 | Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor |
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