EP1349994B1 - Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards - Google Patents

Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1349994B1
EP1349994B1 EP02729615A EP02729615A EP1349994B1 EP 1349994 B1 EP1349994 B1 EP 1349994B1 EP 02729615 A EP02729615 A EP 02729615A EP 02729615 A EP02729615 A EP 02729615A EP 1349994 B1 EP1349994 B1 EP 1349994B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tongue
plane
joint
locking
flooring system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02729615A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1349994A1 (en
Inventor
Darko Pervan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valinge Innovation AB
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Valinge Aluminium AB
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from SE0100101A external-priority patent/SE519768C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE0100100A external-priority patent/SE523823C2/sv
Application filed by Valinge Aluminium AB filed Critical Valinge Aluminium AB
Priority to EP07114318.4A priority Critical patent/EP1852563B1/en
Priority to SI200230632T priority patent/SI1349994T1/sl
Publication of EP1349994A1 publication Critical patent/EP1349994A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1349994B1 publication Critical patent/EP1349994B1/en
Priority to CY20071101472T priority patent/CY1108037T1/el
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E04F2201/0115—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with a continuous tongue or groove
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/025—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongue and grooves alternating transversally in the direction of the thickness of the panel, e.g. multiple tongue and grooves oriented parallel to each other
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/041—Tongues or grooves with slits or cuts for expansion or flexibility
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/042—Other details of tongues or grooves with grooves positioned on the rear-side of the panel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0517—U- or C-shaped brackets and clamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flooring system allowing mechanical joining of floorboards.
  • the invention is particularly suited for floorboards which are based on wood material and in the normal case have a core of wood and which are intended to be mechanically joined.
  • the following description of prior-art technique and the objects and features of the invention will therefore be directed at this field of application and, above all, rectangular parquet floors which are joined on long side as well as short side.
  • the invention is particularly suited for floating floors, i.e. floors that can move in relation to the base.
  • the invention can be used on all types of existing hard floors, such as homogeneous wooden floors, wooden floors with a lamellar core or plywood core, floors with a surface of veneer and a core of wood fibre, thin laminate floors, floors with a plastic core and the like.
  • the invention can, of course; also be used in other types of floorboards which can be machined with cutting tools, such as subfloors of plywood or particle board. Even if it is not preferred, the floorboards can after installation be fixed to the base.
  • Mechanical joint systems are very convenient for joining not only of laminate floors but also wooden floors and composite floors.
  • Such floorboards may consist of a large number of different materials in the surface, core and rear side. As will be described below, these materials can also be included in the different parts of the joint system, such as strip, locking element and tongue.
  • a solution involving an integrated strip which is formed according to, for example, WO 9426999 or WO 9747834 and which provides the horizontal joint, and also involving a tongue which provides the vertical joint results, however, in costs in the form of material waste in connection with the forming, of the mechanical joint by machining of the board material.
  • a 15-mm-thick parquet floor should have a strip which is of a width which is approximately the same as the thickness of the floor, i.e. about 15 mm. With a tongue of about 3 mm, the amount of waste will be 18 mm.
  • the floorboard has a normal width of about 200 mm. Therefore the amount of material waste will be about 9%. In general, the cost of material waste will be great if the floorboards consist of expensive materials, if they are thick or if their format is small, so that the number of running meters of joint per square meter of floor will be great.
  • the aluminium strip can in a number of applications result in a better and also more inexpensive joint system than a strip machined and formed from the core.
  • the aluminium strip is disadvantageous since the investment cost can be considerable and extensive reconstruction of the factory may be necessary to-convert an existing traditional production line so that floorboards with such a mechanical joint system can be produced.
  • An advantage of the prior-art aluminium strip is, however, that the starting format of the floorboards need not be changed.
  • the strip has disadvantages in the form of its being sensitive to damage during transport and installation.
  • An object of the invention therefore is to indicate solutions which aim at reducing the cost while at the same time strength and function are retained.
  • the invention starts from known floorboards which have a core, a front side, a rear side and opposite joint edge portions, of which one is formed as a tongue groove defined by upper and lower lips and having a bottom end, and the other is formed as a tongue with an upwardly directed portion at its free outer end.
  • the tongue groove has the shape of an undercut groove with an opening, an inner portion and an inner locking surface.
  • At least parts of the lower lip are formed integrally with the core of the floorboard and the tongue has a locking surface which is designed to coact with the inner locking surface in the tongue groove of an adjoining floorboard, when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their front sides are located in the same surface plane (HP) and meet at a joint plane (VP) directed perpendicular thereto.
  • This technique is disclosed in, inter alia WO 9627721 , DE-A-1212275 and JP 3169967 , which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • Figs 3a and 3b show a floorboard 1 according to WO 9426999 from above and from below, respectively.
  • the board 1 is rectangular with an upper side 2, an underside 3, two opposite long sides with joint edge portions 4a and 4b, and two opposite short sides with joint edge portions 5a and 5b.
  • joint edge portions 4a, 4b of the long sides as well as the joint edge portions 5a, 5b of the short sides can be joined mechanically without glue in a direction D2 in Fig. 1c, so as to meet in a joint plane VP (marked in Fig. 2c) and so as to have, in their laid state, their upper sides in a common surface plane HP (marked in Fig. 2c).
  • the board 1 has a factory-mounted plane strip 6 which extends along the entire long side 4a and which is made of a flexible, resilient aluminium sheet.
  • the strip 6 extends outwards beyond the joint plane VP at the joint edge portion 4a.
  • the strip 6 can be attached mechanically according to the shown embodiment or else by glue or in some other manner.
  • the strip 6 can instead be formed integrally with the board 1, for instance by suitable machining of the core of the board 1.
  • the present invention is usable for floorboards where the strip or at least part thereof is integrally formed with the core, and the invention solves special problems that exist in the joining, disconnection and production of such floorboards.
  • the core of the floorboard need not, but is preferably, made of a uniform material.
  • the strip is always integrated with the board, i.e. it should be formed on the board or be factory-mounted.
  • the width of the strip 6 can be about 30 mm and the thickness about 0.5 mm.
  • the part of the strip 6 projecting beyond the joint plane VP is formed with a locking element 8 which extends along the entire strip 6.
  • the locking element 8 has in its lower part an operative locking surface 10 facing the joint plane VP and having a height of, for instance, 0.5 mm. In laying, this locking surface 10 coacts with a locking groove 14 which is made in the underside 3 of the joint edge portion 4b of the opposite long side of an adjoining board 1'.
  • the strip 6' along the short side is provided with a corresponding locking element 8', and the joint edge portion 5b of the opposite short side has a corresponding locking groove 14'.
  • the edge of the locking grooves 14., 14' facing away from the joint plane VP forms an operative locking surface 10' for coaction with the operative locking surface 10 of the locking element.
  • the board 1 is also along its one long side (joint edge portion 4a) and its one short side (joint edge portion 5a) formed with a laterally open recess or tongue groove 16. This is defined upwards by an upper lip at the joint edge portion 4a, 5a and downwards by the respective strips 6, 6'.
  • an upper recess 18 which defines a locking tongue 20 coacting with the recess or tongue groove 16 (see Fig. 2a).
  • Figs 1a-1c show how two long sides 4a, 4b of two such boards 1, 1' on a base U can be joined with each other by downward angling by pivoting about a centre C close to the intersection between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP, while the boards are held essentially in contact with each other.
  • Figs 2a-2c show how the short sides 5a, 5b of the boards 1, 1' can be joined together by snap action.
  • the long sides 4a, 4b can be joined by means of both methods, whereas the joining of the short sides 5a, 5b - after laying of the first row of floorboards - is normally carried out merely by snap action after the long sides 4a, 4b have first been joined.
  • Figs 2a-2c show how the short side edge portions 5a and 5b of the boards 1, 1' can be joined mechanically in the D1 as well as the D2 direction by the new board 1' being displaced essentially horizontally towards the previously laid board 1. This can in particular be carried out after the long side of the new board 1' has been joined, by inward angling according to Figs 1a-c, with a previously laid board 1 in an adjoining row.
  • bevelled surfaces of the recess 16 and the locking tongue 20 cooperate so that the strip 6' is forced downwards as a direct consequence of the bringing-together of the short side edge portions 5a, 5b.
  • the strip 6' snaps up when the locking element 8' enters the locking groove 14', so that the operative locking surfaces 10, 10' on the locking element 8' and in the locking groove 14' engage each other.
  • Figs 1a-c and 2a-c By repeating the operations shown in Figs 1a-c and 2a-c, the entire floor can be laid without glue and along all joint edges.
  • prior-art floorboards of the above type can be joined mechanically by first, as a rule, being angled downwards on the long side and by the short sides, when the long side has been locked, being snapped together by horizontal displacement of the new board 1' along the long side of the previously laid board 1 (direction D3).
  • the boards 1, 1' can, without the joint being damaged, be taken up again in reverse order of laying and then be laid once more. Parts of these laying principles are applicable also in connection with the present invention.
  • the prior-art boards should, after being joined, along their long sides be able to take a position where there is a possibility of a minor play between the operative locking surface 10 of the locking element and the operative locking surface 10' of the locking groove 14.
  • no play is necessary in the actual butt joint between the boards in the joint plane VP close to the upper side of the boards (i.e. in the surface plane HP).
  • WO 9426999 A more detailed description of this play is to be found in WO 9426999 .
  • Such a play can be in the order of 0.01-0.05 mm between the operative locking surfaces 10, 10' when pressing the long sides of adjoining boards against each other. This play facilitates entering of the locking element 8 in the locking groove 14, 14' and its leaving the same. As mentioned, however, no play is required in the joint between the boards, where the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP intersect at the upper side of the floorboards.
  • the joint system enables displacement along the joint edge in the locked position after joining of an optional side. Therefore laying can take place in many different ways which are all variants of the three basic methods:
  • the most common and safest laying method is that the long side is first angled downwards and locked against another floorboard. Subsequently, a displacement in the locked position takes place towards the short side of a third floorboard, so that the snapping-in of the short side can take place. Laying can also be made by one side, long side or short side, being snapped together with another board. Then a displacement in the locked position takes place until the other side snaps together with a third board. These two methods require snapping-in of at least one side. However, laying can also take place without snap action.
  • the third alternative is that the short side of a first board is angled inwards first towards the short side of a second board, which is already joined on its long side with a third board.
  • first and the second board are slightly angled upwards.
  • the first board is displaced in the upwardly angled position along its short side until the upper joint edges of the first and the third board are in contact with each other, after which the two boards are jointly angled downwards.
  • FIG. 1 One more known design of mechanical locking systems for boards is shown in GB-A-1430423 and Figs 5a-5b in the accompanying drawings.
  • This system is basically a tongue-and-groove joint which is provided with an extra holding hook on an extended lip on one side of the tongue groove and which has a corresponding holding ridge formed on the upper side of the tongue.
  • the system requires considerable elasticity of the lip provided with the hook, and dismounting cannot take place without destroying the joint edges of the boards.
  • a tight fit makes manufacture difficult and the geometry of the joint causes a large amount of material waste.
  • WO 9747834 discloses floorboards with different types of mechanical locking systems.
  • the locking systems which are intended for locking together the long sides of the boards (Figs 2-4, 11 and 22-25 in the document) are designed so as to be mounted and dismounted by a connecting and angling movement, while most of those intended for locking together the short sides of the boards (Figs 5-10) are designed so as to be connected to each other by being translatorily pushed towards each other for connection by means of a snap lock, but these locking systems at the short sides of the boards cannot be dismounted without being destroyed or, in any case, damaged.
  • Some of the boards that are disclosed in WO 9747834 and that have been designed for connection and dismounting either by an angular motion or by snapping together have at their one edge a groove and a strip projecting below the groove and extending beyond a joint plane where the upper sides of two joined boards meet.
  • the strip is designed to coact with an essentially complementarily formed portion on the opposite edge of the board, so that two similar boards can be joined.
  • a common feature of these floorboards is that the upper side of the tongue of the boards and the corresponding upper boundary surface of the groove are plane and parallel with the upper side or surface of the floorboards.
  • connection of the boards to prevent them from being pulled apart transversely of the joint plane is obtained exclusively by means of locking surfaces on the one hand on the underside of the tongue and, on the other hand, on the upper side of the lower lip or strip below' the groove.
  • These locking systems also suffer from the drawback that they require a strip portion which extends beyond the joint plane, which causes material waste also within the joint edge portion where the groove is formed.
  • joint geometry is disadvantageous with regard to snapping-in, which requires a considerable degree of material deformation, and with regard to manufacturing tolerances where large surface portions must be accurately adjusted to each other. These large surface portions which are in contact with each other also make a displacement of the floorboards relative to each other in the locked position difficult.
  • FR-A-2675174 discloses a mechanical joint system for ceramic tiles which have complementarily formed opposite edge portions, in which case use is made of separate spring clips which are mounted at a distance from each other and which are formed to grasp a bead on the edge portion of an adjoining tile.
  • the joint system is not designed for dismounting by pivoting, which is obvious from Fig. 10a and, in particular, Fig. 10b in the accompanying drawings.
  • DE 19925248 discloses a system with an upwardly directed locking element.
  • An object of the present invention is to satisfy this need and provide such an optimal flooring system. Further objects of the invention are evident from that stated above as well as from the following description.
  • DE 199 25 248 A discloses a flooring system having a tongue and groove joint, wherein the tongue has an upwardly directed portion arranged at a distance from the outer free end of the tongue.
  • EP-A-1 223 265 which was filed before, but published after, the filing date of the present document, discloses a flooring system having a tongue and groove joint, wherein the tongue has an upwardly directed portion arranged at a distance from the outer free end of the tongue.
  • EP 1 045 083 A1 discloses a flooring system with the features in the preamble of claim 1, comprising a plurality of floorboards, each having a tongue-and-groove joint for mechanical joining of the floorboard with adjoining identical floorboards.
  • the floorboards of this flooring system will suffer from the upper edge portions thereof rising due to swelling of the floor material, resulting in a less appealing flooring.
  • a floorboard and an openable locking system therefor comprise an undercut groove on one long side of the floorboard and a projecting tongue on the opposite long side of the floorboard.
  • the undercut groove has a corresponding upwardly directed inner locking surface at a distance from its tip.
  • the tongue and the undercut groove are formed to be brought together by snap action.
  • Preferred embodiments are also dismountable by an angling motion which has its centre close to the intersection between the surface planes and the common joint plane of two adjoining floorboards.
  • the undercut in the tongue groove of such a locking system can be produced by means of disk-shaped cutting tools whose rotary shafts are inclined relative to each other to form first an inner part of the undercut portion of the groove and then a locking surface positioned closer to the opening of the groove.
  • the invention is applicable to rectangular floorboards having a first pair of parallel sides and a second pair of parallel sides. With a view to simplifying the description, the first pair is below referred to as long sides and the second pair as short sides. It should, however, be pointed that the invention is also applicable to boards that can be square.
  • joint quality is meant a tight fit in the locked position between the floorboards both vertically and horizontally. It should be possible to join the floorboards without very large visible gaps or differences in level between the joint edges in the unloaded as well as in the normally loaded state. In a high-quality floor, joint gaps and differences in level should not be greater than 0.2 and 0.1 mm respectively.
  • the board In connection with the downward angling, a slight downwards bending of the strip usually takes place, so that the locking element is bent backwards and downwards and opens. If the joint system is not formed with suitable angles and radii, the board can after laying be locked in such manner that taking-up is not possible.
  • the short side can, after the joint of the long side has been opened by upward angling, usually be pulled out along the joint edge, but it is advantageous if also the short side can be opened by upward angling. This is particularly advantageous when the boards are long, for instance 2.4 m, which makes pulling out of short sides difficult.
  • the upward angling should take place with great safety without the boards getting stuck and pinching each other so as to cause a risk of the locking system being damaged.
  • each square meter of floor surface will have about six times more long side joints than short side joints. A large amount of material waste and expensive joint materials are therefore of less importance on short side than on long side.
  • the locking element For high strength to be achieved, the locking element must as a rule have a high locking angle, so that the locking element does not snap out.
  • the locking element must be high and wide so that it does not break when subjected to high tensile load as the floor shrinks in winter owing to the low relative humidity at this time of the year. This also applies to the material closest to the locking groove in the other board.
  • the short side joint should have higher strength than the long side joint since the tensile load during shrinking in winter is distributed over a shorter joint length along the short side than along the long side.
  • a good function, production tolerance and quality require that the joint profile can be continuously measured and checked.
  • the critical parts in a mechanical joint system should be designed in such manner that production and measurement are facilitated. It should be possible to produce them with tolerances of a few hundredths of a millimetre, and it should therefore be possible to measure them with great accuracy, for instance in a so-called profile projector. If the joint system is produced with linear cutting machining, the joint system will, except for certain production tolerances, have the same profile over the entire edge portion. Therefore the joint system can be measured with great accuracy by cutting out some samples by sawing from the floorboards and measuring them in the profile projector or a measuring microscope. Rational production, however, requires that the joint system can also be measured quickly and easily without destructive methods, for instance using gages. This is facilitated if the critical parts in the locking system are as few as possible.
  • long and short side should be optimised in view of their different properties as stated above.
  • the long side should be optimised for downward angling, upward angling, positioning and displaceability, while the short side should be optimised for snapping-in and high strength.
  • An optimally designed floorboard should thus have different joint systems on long and short side.
  • the invention is based on a first understanding that by using suitable production methods, essentially by machining and using tools whose tool diameter significantly exceeds the thickness of the board, it is possible to form advanced shapes rationally with great accuracy of wood materials, wood-based boards and plastic materials, and that this type of machining can be made in a tongue groove at a distance from the joint plane.
  • the shape of the joint system should be adapted to rational production which should be able to take place with very narrow tolerances. Such an adaptation, however, is not allowed to take place at the expense of other important properties of the floorboard and the locking system.
  • the invention is also based on a second understanding, which is based on the knowledge of the requirements that must be satisfied by a mechanical joint system for optimal function.
  • This understanding has made it possible to satisfy these requirements in a manner that has previously not been known, viz. by a combination of a) the design of the joint system with, for instance, specific angles, radii, play, free surfaces and ratios between the different parts of the system, and b) optimal utilisation of the material properties of the core or core, such as compression, elongation, bending, tensile strength and compressive strength.
  • the invention is further based on a third understanding that it is possible to provide a joint system at a lower production cost while at the same time function and strength can be retained or even, in some cases, be improved by a combination of manufacturing technique, joint design, choice of materials and optimisation of long and short sides.
  • the invention is based on a fourth understanding that the joint system, the manufacturing technique and the measuring technique must be developed and adjusted so that the critical parts requiring narrow tolerances should, to the greatest possible extent, be as few as possible and also be designed so as to allow measuring and checking in continuous production.
  • the floorboards can on two sides have a disconnectible mechanical joint system, which is of a known type and which can be laterally displaced in the locked position and locked by inward angling about joint edges or by horizontal snapping.
  • the floorboards have, on the other two sides, a locking system.
  • the floorboards can also have a locking system on all four sides.
  • At least two opposite sides of the floorboard thus have a joint system which comprises a tongue and a tongue groove defined by upper and lower lips, where the tongue in its outer and upper part has an upwardly directed part and where the tongue groove in its inner and upper part has an undercut.
  • the upwardly directed part of the tongue and the undercut of the tongue groove in the upper lip have locking surfaces that counteract and prevent horizontal separation in a direction D2 transversely of the joint plane.
  • the tongue and the tongue groove also have coacting supporting surfaces which prevent vertical separation in a direction D1 parallel with the joint plane. Such supporting surfaces are to be found at least in the bottom part of the tongue and on the lower lip of the tongue groove.
  • the coacting locking surfaces can serve as upper supporting surfaces, but the upper lip of the tongue groove and the tongue can advantageously also have separate upper supporting surfaces.
  • the tongue, the tongue groove, the locking element and the undercut are designed so that they can be manufactured by machining using tools which have a greater tool diameter than the thickness of the floorboard.
  • the tongue can with its upwardly directed portion be inserted into the tongue groove and its undercut by essentially horizontal snapping-in, the lower lip being bent so that the upwardly directed portion of the tongue can be inserted into the undercut.
  • the lower lip is shorter than the upper lip, which facilitates the possibility of forming an undercut with a locking surface which has a relatively high inclination to the surface plane of the board and which thus gives a high horizontal locking force, which can be combined with a flexible lower lip.
  • the floorboard may have two edge portions with a joint system where the tongue with its upwardly directed portion both can be inserted into the tongue groove and its undercut by a snap function and can leave the tongue groove by upward angling while at the same time the boards are kept in contact with each other with their upper joint edges.
  • the tongue can be made flexible to facilitate such snapping-in at the short side after the long sides of the floorboard have been joined.
  • the floorboard may have two edge portions with a joint system, where the tongue, while the board is held in an upwardly angled position, can be snapped into the tongue groove and then be angled down by a pivoting motion about the upper joint edge.
  • the lower lip is shorter than the upper lip so as to enable greater degrees of freedom when designing the undercut of the upper lip and especially its locking surface.
  • the present disclosure also describes the basic principles that should be satisfied for a tongue and groove joint which is to be snapped in with a minimum bending of joint components and with the surface planes of the floorboards on essentially the same level.
  • the present disclosure also describes how material properties can be used to achieve high strength and low cost in combination with snapping.
  • FIG. 11a A first preferred embodiment of a floorboard 1, 1', which is provided with a mechanical locking system, will now be described with reference to Figs 11a and 11b. To facilitate the understanding, the joint system is shown schematically. It should be emphasised that a better function can be achieved with other preferred embodiments that will be described below.
  • Figs 11a, 11b show schematically a section through a joint between a long side edge portion 4a of a board 1 and an opposite long side edge portion 4b of another board 1'.
  • the upper sides of the boards are essentially positioned in a common surface plane HP and the upper parts of the joint edge portions 4a, 4b engage each other in a vertical joint plane VP.
  • the mechanical locking system results in locking of the boards relative to each other in both the vertical direction D1 and the horizontal direction D2 which extends perpendicular to the joint plane VP.
  • one board (1') can be displaced along the other board (1) in a direction D3 (see,Fig.19) along the joint plane VP.
  • Such a displacement can be used, for instance, to provide locking-together of floorboards that are positioned in the same row.
  • the edges of the floorboard have in a manner known per se a tongue groove 36 in one edge portion 4a of the floorboard inside the joint plane VP, and a tongue 38 formed in the other joint edge portion 4b and projecting beyond the joint plane VP.
  • the board 1 has a core or core 30 of wood which supports a surface layer of wood 32 on its front side and a balancing layer 34 on its rear side.
  • the board 1 is rectangular and has a second mechanical locking system also on the two parallel short sides.
  • this second locking system can have the same design as the locking system of the long sides, but the locking system on the short sides can also be of a different design according to the invention or be a previously known mechanical locking system.
  • the floorboard can be of parquet type with a thickness of 15 mm, a length of 2.4 m and a width of 0.2 m.
  • the invention can also be used for parquet squares or boards of a different size.
  • the core 30 can be of lamella type and consist of narrow wooden blocks of an inexpensive kind of wood.
  • the surface layer 32 may have a thickness of 3-4 mm and consist of a decorative kind of hardwood and be varnished.
  • the balancing layer 34 of the rear side may consist of a 2 mm veneer layer. In some cases, it may be advantageous to use different types of wood materials in different parts of the floorboard for optimal properties within the individual parts of the floorboard.
  • the floorboards of the flooring system comprise a tongue groove 36 in one joint edge portion 4a of the floorboard, and a tongue 38 on the opposite joint edge portion 4b of the floorboard.
  • the tongue groove 36 is defined by upper and lower lips 39, 40 and has the form of an undercut groove with an opening between the two lips 39, 40.
  • the tongue groove is formed in the core or core 30 and extends from the edge of the floorboard. Above the tongue groove, there is an upper edge portion or joint edge surface 41 which extends up to the surface plane HP. Inside the opening of the tongue groove, there is an upper engaging or supporting surface 43 which in this case is parallel with the surface plane HP. This engaging or supporting surface passes into an inclined locking surface 43 which has a locking angle A to the horizontal plane HP. Inside the locking surface, there is surface portion 46 which forms the upper boundary surface of the undercut portion 35 of the tongue groove.
  • the tongue groove further has a bottom end 48 which extends down to the lower lip 40. On the upper side of this lip there is an engaging or supporting surface 50.
  • the outer end of the lower lip has a joint edge surface 52 which is positioned at a distance from the joint plane VP.
  • the shape of the tongue is also best seen in Fig. 11b.
  • the tongue is made of the material of the core or core 30 and extends beyond the joint plane VP when this joint edge portion 4b is mechanically joined with the joint edge portion 4a of an adjoining floorboard.
  • the joint edge portion 4b also has an upper edge portion or upper joint edge surface 61 which extends along the joint plane VP down to the root of the tongue 38.
  • the upper side of the root of the tongue has an upper engaging or supporting surface 64 which in this case extends to an inclined locking surface 65 of an upwardly directed portion 8 close to the tip of the tongue.
  • the locking surface 65 passes into a guiding surface portion 66 which ends in an upper surface 67 of the upwardly directed portion 8 of the tongue.
  • a bevel which may serve as a guiding surface 68.
  • This extends to the tip 69 of the tongue.
  • a further guiding surface 70 which extends obliquely downwards to the lower edge of the tongue and an engaging or supporting surface 71.
  • the supporting surface 71 is intended to coact with the supporting surface 50 of the lower lip when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their upper sides are positioned in the same surface plane HP and meet at a joint plane VP directed perpendicular thereto, so that the upper joint edge surface 41, 61 of the boards engage each other.
  • the tongue has a lower joint edge surface 72 which extends to the underside.
  • the locking surfaces 45, 65 both as locking surfaces for locking together in the direction D2 parallel with the surface plane HP and as supporting surfaces for counteracting movements in the direction D1 perpendicular to the surface plane.
  • the locking surfaces 45, 65 and the engaging surfaces 43, 64 coact as upper supporting surfaces in the system.
  • the tongue 38 extends beyond the joint plane VP and has an upwardly directed portion 8 at its free outer end or tip 69.
  • the tongue has also a locking surface 65 which is formed to coact with the inner locking surface 45 in the tongue groove 36 of an adjoining floorboard when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their front sides are positioned in the same surface plane HP and meet at a joint plane VP directed perpendicular thereto.
  • the tongue 38 has a surface portion 52 between the locking surface 51 and the joint plane VP.
  • the surface portion 52 engages the surface portion 45 of the upper lip 8.
  • the tongue can, as shown in Figs 11a, 11b, have a bevel 66 between the locking surface 65 and the surface portion 57.
  • a bevel 68 can be positioned between the surface portion 57 and the tip 69 of the tongue.
  • the bevel 66 may serve as a guiding part by having a lower angle of inclination to the surface plane than the angle of inclination A of the locking surfaces 43, 51.
  • the supporting surface 71 of the tongue is in this embodiment essentially parallel with the surface plane HP.
  • the tongue has a bevel 70 between this supporting surface and the tip 69 of the tongue.
  • the lower lip 40 has a supporting surface 50 for coaction with the corresponding supporting surface 71 on the tongue 36.
  • this supporting surface is positioned at a distance from the bottom end of the tongue groove.
  • At least the major part of the inner part 47 of the undercut groove, seen parallel with the surface plane HP, is located further away from the joint plane VP than is the outer end or tip 69 of the tongue 36.
  • Another important feature of the floorboards of the flooring system according to the invention is that all parts of the portions of the lower lip 40 which are connected with the core 30, seen from the point C, where the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP intersect, are located outside a plane LP2.
  • This plane is located further away from said point C than a locking plane LP1 which is parallel with the plane LP2 and which is tangent to the coacting locking surfaces 45, 65 of the undercut groove 36 and the tongue 38, where these locking surfaces are most inclined relative to the surface plane HP.
  • the undercut groove can, as will be described in more detail below, be made by using large disk-shaped rotating cutting tools for machining of the edge portions of the floorboards.
  • a further important feature is that the lower lip 40 is resilient and that it is shorter than the upper lip 39.
  • This enables production of the undercut using large rotating cutting tools which can be set at a relatively high angle to the horizontal plane, so that the locking surface 65 can be made with a high locking angle A.
  • the high locking angle significantly reduces the downward component that arises in connection with tensile load.
  • the joint system will have high strength although the lower lip is resilient and thus has a limited capability of counteracting a downward component.
  • High resistance to snapping-in makes snapping-in difficult and increases the risk of damage to the joint edge portions of the floorboards.
  • the inventor has found that most materials used in floorboards can be made sufficiently resilient by being formed with lips of a suitable thickness and length which can work in the preferred joint system and provide sufficient locking force.
  • Figs 12a-c show snapping-in of two floorboards by bending of the lower lip 40. As is evident from Fig. 12b, snapping-in takes place with a minimum bending of the lower lip and with the surface planes of the floorboards on essentially the same level. This reduces the risk of cracking.
  • Figs 13a-c show that the locking system according to Figs 12a-c can also be used for upward angling and downward angling in connection with taking-up and laying.
  • the upper and lower lips 39, 40 and the tongue 38 are formed to enable disconnection of two mechanically joined floorboards by one floorboard being pivoted upwards relative to the other about a pivoting centre close to the intersection C between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP so that the tongue of this floorboard is pivoted out of the undercut groove of the other floorboard.
  • the snap joint can be used on both long side and short side of the floorboards.
  • Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 show, however, a variant of the invention which is above all suited for snapping along the short side of a floorboard which is made of a relatively hard material, such as a hard kind of wood or a hard fibreboard.
  • the tongue groove is essentially deeper than is required to receive the tongue.
  • a higher bendability of the lower lip 40 is obtained.
  • the locking system has a long tongue with a thick locking element 8.
  • the locking surfaces 45, 65 are also heavily inclined.
  • the dashed line indicates the snapping motion.
  • Figs 14 and 15 allow disconnection by upward angling of one board and a slight downward bending of the lower lip 40 of the other board.
  • no downward bending of the lower lip is necessary when disconnecting the floorboards.
  • all surfaces that are not operative to form a joint with tight upper joint edges and the vertical and horizontal joint should be formed so as not to be in contact with each other in the locked position and preferably also during locking and unlocking. This allows manufacture without requiring high tolerances in these joint portions and reduces the friction in lateral displacement along the joint edge. Examples of surfaces or parts of the joint system that should not be in contact with each other in the locked position are 46-67, 48-69, 50-70 and 52-72.
  • the joint system according to the preferred embodiment may consist of several combinations of materials.
  • the upper lip 39 can be made of a rigid and hard upper surface layer 32 and a softer lower part which is part of the core 30.
  • the lower lip 40 can consist of the same softer upper part 30 and also a lower soft part 34 which can be another kind of wood.
  • the directions of the fibres in the three kinds of wood may vary. This can be used to provide a joint system which utilises these material properties.
  • the locking element is therefore according to the invention positioned closer to the upper hard and rigid part, which thus is flexible and compressible to a limited extent only, while the snap function is formed in the softer lower and flexible part. It should be pointed that the joint system can also be made in a homogeneous floorboard.
  • Figs 16a-c illustrate an example of a floorboard according to the invention.
  • This embodiment shows specifically that the joint system on long side and short side is differently designed.
  • the locking system is optimised for snapping by means of a high locking angle, deep tongue groove and upper lip shorter than lower lip while at the same time the locking surfaces have a low height to reduce the requirement for downward bending.
  • the joint system On the long side, the joint system has been adjusted for joining/taking-up by angular motions.
  • the joint system may consist of different materials and combinations of materials 30a, 30b and 30c. It is also possible to select different materials on long and short sides.
  • the groove part 36 of the short sides may consist of a harder and more flexible wood material than, for instance, the tongue part 38 which can be hard and rigid and have other properties than the core of the long side.
  • the tongue part 38 which can be hard and rigid and have other properties than the core of the long side.
  • the tongue groove 36 it is possible, for instance, to choose a kind of wood 30b which is more flexible than the kind of wood 30c on the other short side where the tongue is formed. This is particularly convenient in parquet floors with a lamellar core where the upper and lower side consist of different kinds of wood and the core consists of glued blocks. This construction gives great possibilities of varying the composition of materials to optimise function, strength and production cost.
  • the blocks that are positioned between the two short sides can be of different kinds of wood or materials so that some can be selected with regard to their contributing suitable properties which improve laying, strength etc.
  • Different properties can also be achieved with different orientation of fibres on long side and short side, and also plastic materials can be used on the short sides and, for instance, on different parts of the long side.
  • the floorboard or parts of its core consist of e.g. plywood with several layers, these layers can be selected so that the upper lip, the tongue and the lower lip on both long side and short side can all have parts with different composition of materials, orientation of fibres etc. which may give different properties as regards strength, bendability, machinability etc.
  • Figs 17a-c show the basic principle of how the lower part of the tongue should be designed in relation to the lower lip 40 so as to facilitate a horizontal snapping-in in a joint system with an undercut or locking groove 8 in a rigid upper lip 39 and with a flexible lower lip 40.
  • the upper lip 39 is significantly more rigid, among other things owing to the fact that it can be thicker or that it may consist of harder and more rigid materials.
  • the lower lip 40 can be thinner and softer and the essential bending will therefore, in connection with snapping-in, take place in the lower lip 40. Snapping-in can be significantly facilitated among other things by the maximum bending of the lower lip 40 being limited as far as possible.
  • 17a shows that the bending of the lower lip 40 will increase to a maximum bending level B1 which is characterized in that the tongue 38 is inserted so far into the tongue groove 36 that the rounded guiding parts come into contact with each other.
  • the lower and front part 49 of the tongue 38 should be designed so as not to bend down the lower lip 40 which instead should be forced downward by the lower supporting surface 50.
  • This part 49 of the tongue should have a shape which either touches or goes clear of the maximum bending level of the lower lip 40 when this lower lip 40 is bent along the outer part of the lower engaging surface 50 of the tongue 38.
  • the bending B2 according to Fig. 17b can be significantly greater. This may result in high friction in connection with snapping-in and a risk of the joint being damaged.
  • Fig. l7c shows that the maximum bending can be limited by the tongue groove 36 and the tongue 38 being designed so that there is a space S4 between the lower and outer part 49 of the tongue and the lower lip 40.
  • the upper lip being made more rigid and the lower lip more flexible reduces the risk of edge rising on the upper side of the laid floor as the floor shrinks and swells depending on the relative humidity of the indoor air.
  • the greater rigidity of the upper lip in combination with the arrangement of the locking surfaces also makes it possible for the joint to take up great pulling-apart forces transversely of the joint. Also the bending away of the lower lip contributes to minimising the risk of edge rising.
  • Horizontal snapping-in is normally used in connection with snapping-in of the short side after locking of the long side.
  • This upwardly angled snap position is illustrated in Fig. 18. Only a small degree of bending B3 of the lower lip 40 is necessary for the guiding part 66 of the locking element to come into contact with the guiding part 44 of the locking groove so that the locking element can then by downward angling be inserted into the undercut 35.
  • Figs 19 and 20 also describe a problem which can arise in connection with snapping-in of two short sides of two boards 2a and 2b which are already joined on their long sides with another first board 1.
  • the inner corner portions 91 and 92, closest to the long side of the first board 1 are positioned in the same plane. This is due to the fact that the two boards 2a and 2b on their respective long sides are joined to the same floorboard 1.
  • Fig. 20b which shows the section C3-C4
  • the tongue 38 cannot be inserted into the tongue groove 39 to begin the downward bending of the lower lip 40.
  • the tongue 38 can be inserted into the tongue groove 36 to begin the downward bending of the lower lip 40 by the board 2b being automatically pressed and angled upwards corresponding to the height of the locking element 8.
  • the inventor has thus discovered that there may be problems in connection with snapping-in of inner corner portions in lateral displacement in the same plane when the tongue is formed with an upwardly directed portion at its tip and is to be inserted into a tongue groove with an undercut. These problems may cause a high resistance to snapping-in and a risk of cracking in the joint system.
  • the problem can be solved by a suitable joint design and choice of materials which enable material deformation and bending in a plurality of joint portions.
  • the tongue groove 36 it is known that it should be possible for the tongue groove 36 to widen in connection with snapping-in. However, it is not known that it may be an advantage if the tongue, which normally should be rigid, should also be designed so as to be able to bend in connection with snapping-in.
  • a groove or the like 63 is made at the upper and inner part of the tongue inside the vertical plane VP.
  • the entire extent PB of the tongue from its inner part to its outer part can be extended, and it can, for instance, be made greater than half the floor thickness T.
  • Figs 22 and 23 show how the parts of the joint system bend in connection with snapping-in at the inner corner portion 91, 92 (Fig. 19) and the outer corner portion 93, 94 (Fig. 19) of two floorboards 2a and 2b.
  • Fig. 22a shows the outer corner portion 93, 94 and Fig. 23a shows the inner corner portion 91, 92.
  • Fig. 22a shows the outer corner portion 93, 94
  • Fig. 23a shows the inner corner portion 91, 92.
  • the joint system is designed so that even in this position the outermost tip of the tongue 38 is located inside the outer part of the lower lip 40.
  • the tongue 38 will in the inner corner 91, 92 press the board 2b upward according to Figs 22b, 23b.
  • the tongue will bend downward and the board 2b at the outer corner portion 93, 94 will be angled upward.
  • Fig. 23c shows that the tongue 38 at the inner corner 91, 92 will be bent downward.
  • the tongue 38 is bent upward and the lower lip 40 downward. According to Figs 22d, 23d, this bending continues as the boards are pushed towards each other still more and now also the lower lip 40 is bent at the inner corner 91, 92 according to Fig. 23d. Figs 22d, 23e show the snapped-in position.
  • snapping-in can be facilitated significantly if the tongue 38 is also flexible and if the outer part of the tongue 38 is positioned inside the outer part of the lower lip 40 when tongue and groove come into contact with each other when the boards are positioned in the same plane in connection with snapping-in that takes place after locking of the floorboard along its two other sides.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
EP02729615A 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards Expired - Lifetime EP1349994B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07114318.4A EP1852563B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards
SI200230632T SI1349994T1 (sl) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Talni sistem, ki obsega mnozico mehansko spojljivih talnih desk
CY20071101472T CY1108037T1 (el) 2001-01-12 2007-11-14 Συστημα επενδυσης δαπεδου που περιλαμβανει ενα πληθος σανιδων δαπεδου που να μπορουν να συνδεθουν μηχανικα

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0100101 2001-01-12
SE0100100 2001-01-12
SE0100101A SE519768C2 (sv) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Låssystem för mekanisk hopfogning av golvskivor och golvskiva med ett sådant låssystem
SE0100100A SE523823C2 (sv) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Golvskivor och förfarande för tillverkning och läggning av dem
PCT/SE2002/000042 WO2002055809A1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Floorboard and locking system

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07114318.4A Division EP1852563B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1349994A1 EP1349994A1 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1349994B1 true EP1349994B1 (en) 2007-08-15

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ID=26655372

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EP10181566.0A Withdrawn EP2281974A3 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards
EP02729615A Expired - Lifetime EP1349994B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards
EP02729616.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1349995B2 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards
EP10179843.7A Withdrawn EP2275616A3 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Method of joining floorboards
EP07150247A Expired - Lifetime EP1903158B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards
EP07114318.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1852563B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards

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EP10181566.0A Withdrawn EP2281974A3 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02729616.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1349995B2 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising a plurality of mechanically joinable floorboards
EP10179843.7A Withdrawn EP2275616A3 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Method of joining floorboards
EP07150247A Expired - Lifetime EP1903158B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards
EP07114318.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1852563B1 (en) 2001-01-12 2002-01-14 Flooring system comprising mechanically joinable floorboards

Country Status (24)

Country Link
EP (6) EP2281974A3 (sk)
JP (2) JP4092202B2 (sk)
KR (3) KR100842477B1 (sk)
CN (2) CN1212462C (sk)
AT (2) ATE383480T1 (sk)
AU (2) AU2002219750C1 (sk)
BR (2) BR0206564A (sk)
CA (2) CA2434168C (sk)
CY (1) CY1108037T1 (sk)
CZ (2) CZ305227B6 (sk)
DE (2) DE60224499T3 (sk)
DK (2) DK1349994T3 (sk)
ES (3) ES2299570T5 (sk)
HU (2) HU229924B1 (sk)
IL (4) IL156528A0 (sk)
NO (2) NO327717B1 (sk)
NZ (2) NZ527355A (sk)
PL (2) PL202339B1 (sk)
PT (2) PT1349995E (sk)
RU (2) RU2277159C2 (sk)
SI (2) SI1349994T1 (sk)
SK (2) SK287961B6 (sk)
UA (2) UA75905C2 (sk)
WO (2) WO2002055810A1 (sk)

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