HU229924B1 - System for mechanical joining of floorboards - Google Patents

Abstract

In a locking system for mechanical joining of floorboards having a core (30) and opposite joint edge portions (4a, 4b), one being formed as a tongue groove (36) defined by upper (39) and lower (40) lips and a bottom end (48), the other being formed as a tongue (38) with an upwardly directed portion (8) at its free outer end (69), the tongue groove (36) having the shape of an undercut groove with an opening, an inner portion (35) and an inner locking surface (45), and at least parts of the lower lip (40) being formed integrally with the core (30) of the floorboard, and the tongue (38) having a locking surface (65) which is formed to coact with the inner locking surface (45) of an adjoining floorboard, it is foreseen that the inner locking surface (45) is formed on the upper lip (39) within the inner portion (35) for coaction with the locking surface (65) of the tongue, said locking surface being formed on the upwardly directed portion (8) to counteract pulling-apart of two boards in a horizontal plane, that the lower lip (40) has a supporting surface (50) for coaction with a supporting surface (71) on the tongue, said supporting surface being intended to coact to counteract a relative displacement of two boards in a vertical plane, that all parts of the portions of the lower lip (40) which are connected with the core (30) are located outside a plane (LP2) which is positioned further away from the joint than a locking plane (LP1) which is parallel therewith and which is tangent to the coacting locking surfaces (45, 65) where these are most inclined relative to the surface plane (HP), that all parts of the portions of the lower lip (40) connected with the core (30) are shorter than the upper lip (39) and terminate at a distance from the joint plane (VP), that the lower lip (40) is flexible, the upper lip (39) being relatively more rigid, that the supporting surface (50) is positioned at a distance from, and closer to the joint plane (VP) than the inner part (47) of the undercut groove, and that the upper and lower lips of the joint edge portions (4a, 4b) enable connection of a laid floorboard with a new floorboard by a pushing-together motion with one floorboard in a slightly upwardly angled position for snapping together the parts of the locking system during downward bending of the lower lip (40) of the tongue groove, and that the locking element formed by the upwardly directed portion (8) and the locking groove formed by the undercut groove are provided with guiding parts (66, 44), cooperating during said pushing together motion.

Description

FITTING FOR MECHANICAL CONNECTION OF LOHLEMS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a joint system for mechanical coupling of floor elements along a connecting plane, wherein the floor rafters have a core, a tread, a backside and opposing causative joining edges formed as a tongue groove bounded by upper and lower lips and the tongue is formed as a tongue having an upward portion at its free outer end;

When viewed in the plane of the W connection, an undercut groove having an opening, an inner part and an inner locking surface, and at least some parts of the lower lip formed with the core of the floor element, and a tongue locking surface formed to cooperate with the adjacent with an internal locking surface in the groove of the floor element,. when the two floor panels are mechanically connected to each other such that their walking surface (4a, 4b) is in the same plane and meets in a connecting plane perpendicular to the walking surface.

The invention is particularly suited for use with parquet flooring which is essentially wood and generally has a wood core and can be mechanically connected to one another. The following description, which illustrates the state of the art, and the objects and features thereof, they are directed to the field of application and, above all, to square parquet flooring elements which are connected to each other at both their long and short sides. The invention relates in particular to floating walkways, i.e. walkways which can be moved relative to the base floor. However, we must emphasize. that hard floors such as homogeneous adhesives, wood flooring with laminated or laminated core, wood flooring having a thin surface and a fiber core, and thin laminate flooring and floors having its core is made of plastic, etc. Of course, the invention can also be applied to other types of flooring elements that can be machined on cutting machines, such as pads made of plywood or pressed panels. Even if this is not practical, the floor elements can be fixed to the socket after assembly.

§S0ZŐ-2S3SA /; - 'T-Kc

Mechanical joints have gained a huge market share in a short period of time, mainly due to their excellent investment properties and the strength and quality of the joints. However, even if the pad components described in WO 96428999, which will be described in more detail below, and marketed under the trademark Alloc, have many advantages over conventional bonded floors, further improvements in this field are nevertheless desirable.

Mechanical joining systems are very suitable for joining not only laminate flooring elements, but also wood flooring and composite flooring elements. Such floor elements may consist of a large number of different materials on their surface, as well as on their core and backside. As will be described in more detail below. these materials are also applied to various components of the IfS system, such as walls, closures

IS and as a language. However, a solution based on an integrated tape of the type described in WO 9428999 or WO 9747834, which makes a horizontal binding and is provided with a tongue which provides a vertical bonding, results in additional costs mainly due to the production of waste material. occurs when machining mechanical joints from the material of the floorboard.

For best performance, for example, a 15 mm thick parquet tuft should have a tape of approximately the same width or approximately the same as the floor element, e.g., about 15 mm, for a 3 mm tongue; the loss, or waste material, is 19 mm,

The standard width of the parquet element is about 200 mm. As a result, the waste material is approx. 9%. Generally speaking, waste material costs will increase if the parquet elements contain expensive materials or if they are thick or small in size so that the number of joints per square meter of floor area is high.

Of course, the amount of waste material can be reduced by using a tape that is a custom-made aluminum tape that is already attached to the floorboard in the plant. In fact, in many applications, aluminum tape provides a better and less expensive attachment system than tape produced from the core. However, aluminum tape is not very advantageous as the investment costs can be significant and it may require extensive conversion of the plant to transform the existing conventional production line into flooring units with such a mechanical casting system. The state of the art dictates an aluminum strip

However, one advantage is that the starting format of the floor elements does not necessarily have to be changed.

In the case where the tape is formed by machining the material of the floor element in reverse, the format of the floor element must be designed so that there is sufficient material to form the tape and the tongue. For laminated tO floors, it is often necessary to change the width of the decorative paper used. Further costly modifications to all these regulations and changes are jetenf manufacturing equipment and product line application.

In addition to the above problem, which is related to unpleasant material loss and production costs, and to adapting production, the tape also has disadvantages such that it is susceptible to shipping and assembly damage,

In summary, there would be a great need for a mechanical coupling system that has a lower manufacturing cost while maintaining excellent properties in terms of lay-up and connection quality and strength. It is not possible to achieve low cost without the lower quality of the firmness and investment function of existing solutions. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a killing method that can reduce costs while maintaining strength and functional properties.

The present invention is based on known floor elements having cores, front panels and backsides and opposite connecting edges,

3 of which one is formed as a tongue groove having upper and lower lips and a lower part, and the other tongue is formed with a raised part at the free outer end. The tongue groove is shaped as an undercut groove with an opening, an inner part and an at least some portions of the lower lip are integrally formed with the core of the floor element and the tongue has a locking surface configured to contact, or cooperate with, the inner locking surface of the tongue groove of the attachment element when the two floor elements are mechanically This technique, which is disclosed, inter alia, in DEA-3041781, is a known technique, which will be described in more detail below.

Prior to this, however, the joining system for the mechanical joining and joining of the floor elements and the technique for joining the shutter elements will be described in detail, as is the state of the art in the present invention.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the description of the present invention and the problems underlying the invention, a description is provided herein which includes both the function and the basic design of the floor elements according to WO 426999 and WO 9966151. Figures. As to the applicable parts, the following description of the state of the art can also be applied to the present invention as described hereinafter.

3a. and 3b. Figures 1 to 5 show a top and bottom pad element 1 according to WO 9426993. The floor element 1 is angled so that it has an upper solution 2, a lower solution 3, and two opposed longitudinal sides having connecting edge portions 4a and 4b and two opposed shorter sides having connecting elements 5a, 5b,

The edge portions 4a, 4b of the longer sides, and the short sides 5a,

The coupling elements 6b may be mechanically bonded to one another without the use of adhesive in accordance with FIG. 2c in the direction of D2 as shown in Fig. 2c, with their first faces in the common HP plane as shown in Fig. 2c. ,

In the illustrated embodiment, which is a floor element according to WO 9426399 (Figs. 1 to 3), the floor element 1 has a factory-mounted flat strip 6 which extends along the entire length of the section 4a and is made of flexible aluminum sheet. The strip 6 extends beyond the contact plane VP at the spacing portion 4a. The tape 6 may be mechanically joined as shown or otherwise, such as by adhesive or other means. As disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document, it is possible to make the tape or tape from a material which is fixed to the floor element at the factory, and, such as other metal sheet, aluminum or plastic sections. Instead, as discussed in WO 9428999, and as disclosed in WO 9986151, the ribbon 6 may also be integrally formed with the floor member 1 by machining the examples to the core of the floor member 1.

In particular, the present invention is applicable to floor elements where the tape or at least part thereof is integrally formed with the core and the invention addresses special problems encountered in the manufacture of such panel elements and in the manufacture of such floor elements. may be made of the same uniform material. However, the strip 8 is always one piece with the floor element 1, for example it can be formed on the floor element or mounted in the factory.

According to one known embodiment of the above-mentioned WO 9428989 and WO 9986151 S2, the band 6 has a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.

A similar, though shorter, strip 6 'is arranged along the shorter connecting member 5a of the floor member 1. A portion of the ribbon 8 that cries outwardly extends from the VP casing plane, is provided with a closure member 8 extending along the entire length of the ribbon 8, having a closure surface 10 operating at the bottom of the closure member 8 facing the bonding plane VP and

8.5 mm. When laid, this locking surface 10 cooperates with a locking groove 14 formed on the underside 3 of the edge 4fe of the opposite longitudinal side of the connecting floor element A The strip 8 'has a corresponding locking member 3' along the shorter side and the opposite shorter side The connecting element Sb has a corresponding connecting groove 14 '. The edges 30 of the closing wine 14 facing the VR connection plane form a working closing surface 18 'which cooperates with the working zero surface 18 of the closing element

The longitudinal and shorter sides are also mechanically joined by a vertical girl (Fig. 1c, Dlhyj), such that both the longitudinal side of the floor element 1 (thread part 4a) and the short side (attachment element 5a) have a laterally open groove or The tongue groove 16 is formed by an upper lip upstream of the edge portion 4a and the coupling member 5a, and downward by a corresponding rib 6,6 '. The opposite lip portion 15b and 5b have an upper groove 18 formed It forms 20 locking tongues which cooperate with the tongue groove 16 (see Fig. 2a).

The la. -1c. 1A and 2B show how the two floor elements 1,1 'can be joined to one another on a longitudinal edge portion 4a, 4b by pivoting downward at an angle about a center C close to the plane intersection of the HP surface and the VP connector; the floor elements being substantially connected to one another.

2a. - 2o. 5a show that the floor elements 1, V can be shortened 5a. How to Attach the Connecting Elements 5b to the Operation of a Battling Attachment The longer edge portions 4a, 4b can be joined by both methods, whereby the shorter connecting members 5a, 5b, after laying the first row of flooring elements, are , 4b are first connected to each other.

When a new floor panel 1 'and a previously laid floor panel 20 are to be connected at their longitudinal edges 4a, 4b along their sides, as in wood. - fc, in the figures, the longitudinal section 4b, which is located on one hundred Γ floor elements, is pressed against the previously slanted floor slab 1! 1a, by inserting the closing tongue 20 into the tongue groove 16. The floor element f is then angled downwardly toward the subfloor 1b. as shown in FIG. The closing tongue 20 fully engages in the groove 16, while at the same time the closing element 8 of the ribbon 6 snaps into the closing groove 14. During the described downward inclination, the upper part 9, i.e. the upper part of the closure element 8, guides the new floor element Γ in the direction of the previously laid floor element 1.

1c. 1 to 2, the floor panels 1, T are securely fastened in both 01 and 02 directions along their longitudinal flange portion 4a, 4b, but the floor elements 1 Γ can be displaced longitudinally relative to each other along their longitudinal sides (i.e., in the direction of 03).

2a. ~ 2c. Figures 1 to 5 show how the short side connection members 5a, 5b of the floor elements 1, 1 'can be mechanically connected to one another in the direction D1 and direction D2;

S element. This occurs in particular after you have connected the long side of the i bench element, La, ~~ 1c. 1 through 2, in an angled position relative to the floor element 1 already placed, in a connecting row. 2a. In the first step shown in FIG. 2A, the slanted surfaces of the tongue groove 18 and the closing tongue 20 cooperate. to force the strip 10 a downwards, which is a direct consequence of the fit of the short ebh side attachment members 5a, 5b. During the final assembly, the strip 5 'engages when the closure member 8' penetrates the connecting groove 14 'so that the operative closure surfaces 10, 10', which are on the closure member 8 'and the closure groove 14, engage with each other,

IS That La, ~~ fc. 2A and FIG. 2a. - 2c. FIGS. 4 to 7 may repeat the operations of FIGS. 1 to 4 without laying on the entire bench without any adhesive and along all connecting flanges, the prior art floor panels being mechanically first joined together at an angle according to the laying rules; being held down on its longitudinal side, and the longitudinal sides of the thinner side being already engaged, i.e. fixed, and engaging with each other by horizontal displacement of the new pad 1 'previously; already laid along the longitudinal side of 1 floor element (direction D3). Without damaging the joints, the floor panels 1, 25 can be picked up in the reverse order of laying and re-laid. Parts of these deposition principles may also be used in connection with the present invention.

The prior art pad brushes, for optimum operation and for easy laying and re-picking, need to be positioned along their long sides after a ratchet of locks, in a position where there is a small play between the locking surfaces 10 of the operating closure and between the closing surface 10 'of the working locking groove 14. However, there is no need for backlash in the VP connection plane near the top surface of the floor elements at the frictional contact between the floor members (i.e. the HP surface plane). In order to achieve this position, it may be necessary to press one of the two when pushing the floor pad to the other. A more detailed description of this backlash is found in WO 9426989. This backlash may be in the range of 0.01 to 0.05mm between the working sealing blocks 10, 10 'when pressed against each other by a longitudinal solution of the interconnecting floor elements :, This backlash facilitates access of the locking elements 8 to the connector As mentioned above, there is no need for backlash at the contact between the floor element, where the HP surface plane and the W connection plane intersect at the top of the floor element.

The attachment system allows movement between the contact edges 10 in a closed position after attachment to any side. As a result, installation can take place in many different ways, including all variations of the basic procedures:

> long sidebar Set and snap short side;

> long side snap - short solution snap:

> adjusting the short side, adjusting two floor elements upwards, moving the new floor element along the short side of the previously laid bench element, and finally angling the two floor elements,

The most common and safest laying method is to first position the bass side downwards and connect it to another floor panel. Then, in the closed position, a displacement is made towards the shorter side of the third floor brush by snaping on the shorter side. Laying can take place along one side, along the long or shorter side, with a snap of another additional pad element. Then, in a closed position, a move is made until the other side engages: a third floor element. These two methods require at least one side of the snap-in tree. However, the laying can also be done by snap-in. The third possibility is to bend the shorter side of the first floor element first to the shorter side of the second floor element. for third Padioeism. Once these are assembled, the first and second floor members are bent slightly upwards. The first floor member is moved upwardly angled along the side of the mvidebike bar until the first contact members and the upper contact edges of the bar15 fashion floor member come into contact with each other and then the two floor members are bent into existence.

The above described floor element and fixing mechanism, or system, has been extremely successful in the market for laminate floors having a thickness of about 7 mm and an aluminum strip 8 having a thickness of about 0.8 mm. Similarly, commercial versions of floorboards according to WO 9966151, which are shown in Figures 4a, 4b. are also successful. However, it has been found that this technique is not well suited for floor elements made of wood-fiber material, in particular solid wood or glued laminated wood, to form a parquet or parquet surface. One of the reasons why this known technique is not suitable for depositing such products is the large amount of waste material that is generated during the working of the flaps when the tongue grooves are formed at the proper depth. In order to partially overcome this problem, it would be possible to employ a technique such as that shown in FIG. and 5b. 1 to 4 and disclosed in DE-A-3343601, that is, it would be possible to separate the two adapter edges of the elements which are connected to the longitudinal edges. This technique also requires the use of expensive aluminum pieces and a considerable amount of machining. In addition, it is difficult to connect the sectional elements along the flanges in an economically efficient way. Furthermore, the geometry shown does not allow mounting and dismantling without incurring significant upward and downward movements. , as the parts do not become separated during these movements if they are made with very tight Fitting (see Figure 5b).

Another known floor element design with a mechanical lobe system is shown in FIG. 6a. ~ 8d. When this mechanical clamping system is used, any force that attempts to pull the longitudinal side of the floor members is applied to the closure member at the outer end of the web (see Figure 6). When laying or picking up the floor, the material must be flexible to allow the tongue to loosen by rotating it around two centers, all at the same time. Tight fitting between all surfaces makes it impossible to produce and move sensibly in a closed position. The shortdebhlk side 6c has no horizontal closure.

This type of: mechanical closure results in a large amount of waste material due to the high locking design.

Another more well-known mechanical locking arrangement for floor anvils is disclosed in G8-A-1430429 and in Figure 7a. -? h. The system is essentially a tongue groove connection provided with an additional retaining hook on a protruding lip portion on one side of the tongue groove having a corresponding retaining rib formed on the upper side of the tongue. The system requires considerable flexibility of the lip on which the hook is arranged. , and the decoupling cannot be performed without damaging the joints of the floor panel. Extremely tight fit makes manufacturing difficult and the geometry of the connection results in a large amount of waste material.

Another known design of mechanical fitting systems for known psdlethers is DE-A-4242530. Such a ileal system is shown in FIG. 8a. - 8b. See also Figures. However, this known propulsion system has several disadvantages. Not only is large amounts of waste material produced during production, but it is extremely difficult to provide the economically high quality joints required for high quality floors. The undercut groove, which is the tongue groove, can only be formed with a shank that moves along the connecting flange. Thus, it is impossible to use large-size: disk-shaped cutting tools for machining floor elements from the side flange.

There are many suggestions for the mechanical joining of different types of flooring elements, especially floor joints, where the amount of waste material is small and where the factory wood is economically feasible, even when using pressed panels or press-based flooring materials. Thus, WO 9627721 (see Figures 9a to 9b) and JP 3189987 (see Figures 10a.10b) disclose two types of snap-fit designs that produce a small amount of waste, but have the disadvantage of . that they make it impossible to dismantle the floor panels with half-hairs, That's right. that these jointing systems can be economically manufactured with large: disk: shaped cutting tools, but they have a number of disadvantages, because disassembly by tilting upwards can seriously damage the floor tile and prevent the floor brush from being mechanically fixed once again.

Another type of system is the system described in DE-A-1212275 and in FIG. 11b. The method shown in FIGS. This known system is suitable for sports flooring made of plastic for sports flooring, and no large-size disc-shaped die cutter tools can be made to form sharp undercut grooves. This known system can also not be disassembled by bending upwards without the extremely elastic material in which the upper and lower lips encircle the undercut groove without being greatly deformed while being pulled apart. Is this type of bonding therefore not suitable for the production of subfloor elements, which are pressed plate based, if you want to get high quality bonding?

Tongue and groove tongue and groove connections are also recommended in MS-A-1124228 Publication Document. Connections of the type described in Fig. 12o. ~~ d, as shown in the diagrams, allow a new floor member to be connected by pushing it downward over the inclined tongue on the previously laid floor member. To fix the new floor element to be laid, do you use nails that are inclined downwards or introduced by the floor element? over the slanting upward tongue, A 12a, ~ b. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, this technique is not applicable because a tail-docking has been used. This technique will surely result in a small amount of waste material, but it is not at all suitable for making floating floors which have separate floor elements without being damaged, which must be assembled and disassembled in a very simple way and have good quality joints,

DE-A-3041781 discloses a splint system for attaching floor elements, in particular to roller skating stadiums or to polishing tracks made of plastic. Such a connection system is shown in FIG. 13a, ™ d. FIGS. The system includes an undercut longitudinal groove along the edge of the floor panel and an upwardly curved tongue formed at the opposite edge of the floor panel. In cross-section, the undercut groove has a first portion formed by parallel surface portions and parallel to the main plane of the floor element, and a second inner portion,

-12 ”having a trapezoidal or semi-trapezoidal cross-section (see Figures 13a-b and 13c-5). In transverse section, the tongue has two parallel planar portions which are at an angle to each other and wherein the portion closest to the center of the floor member is parallel to the main plane of the floor member and wherein the outer free portion is angled upwardly with the corresponding planar portion on the undercut groove. .

The tongue and the groove and the edges of the floor member are designed such that when two such floor members are mechanically connected, the formed relationship is between the tongue surface portions and the corresponding undercut groove surface along the outer end and the entire upper side of the tongue. is formed along the lower part of the inner parallel portion of the tongue and on the other hand under the flanges and groove of the assembled floor elements and under the tongue. When a new floor element is connected to a previously laid floor element, the new element is angled upwards at an appropriate angle with respect to the oblique outer portion of the tongue to be joined to the outer parallel plane portion of the previously laid floor element groove. Then: insert the tongue into the groove and bend the new floor element downwards. Due to the angular shape of the tongue, a significant amount of back play in the front part of the groove is needed to allow this seam and inward angular movement. Alternatively, a considerable amount of elasticity of the pad material may be required, which can be made of plastic. In the laid-together assembled position, there is a connection between the main part of the tongue surfaces and the undercut groove, except below the angled outer upward part.

Mechanical according to DE-A-3041781

The major disadvantage of the tr.) System is that it is extremely difficult to produce. A preferred method of production is the use of a mushroom stalk, the outer portion of which forms the trapezoidal inner portion of the tongue groove in cross section. Such a manufacturing process is unreasonable and also causes great fracture problems when applied to flooring elements or other elements made of wood, for example to form paneling or parquet elements that have high quality joints.

As mentioned above, one disadvantage of this prior art solution or mechanical inserting tool is that the insertion of the angled tongue into the groove requires a significant amount of backlash between the tongue and the groove (see Fig. S, QE-A- 3041781 and the enclosed Fig. 13b) to perform a downward angle bending if there is no matching or substantial elasticity of the floor material:. Further, such a downward bending cannot be performed while the new floor element and the previously laid floor element are joined in such a way that they are in contact with one another over the upper upper edge of the floor elements and near its upper edge over the tongue and groove. the center of motion of the joint is at this point.

A further major disadvantage of this mechanical jointing system according to the invention, which according to ÖEA Publication No. 3041781, is that in the case of thick wooden floor elements, moving the new panel element in a position already laid along the previously laid floor element or in a partially raised position is more difficult. groove for large surfaces. Even though wood flooring or fe-based pressed flooring elements are machined accurately, these surface portions are naturally not smooth enough but have protruding fibers which significantly increase friction. When laying floors or similar elements, lengthwise floor elements (often flooring elements 2 to 2.4 mm long or 0.2 to 0.4 m wide) and substantially natural materials are used. These types of long floor elements are scorched and, as a result, often differ from perfectly smooth walls (they have the shape of a banana). In these cases, it is even more difficult to move the newly laid floor element along an already laid floor element when, if the shorter edges of the floor elements have to be fitted with a mechanical joining system,

A further disadvantage of the mechanical sealing system disclosed in DE-3041731 is that it is not best suited for high-quality floors made of wood or pressed panels, which consequently require a close fit between the tongue and the groove in its vertical direction. in order to prevent flooring: WO 9747834 discloses various types of mechanical joining systems which are provided. A pad10

The interface systems for securing the longitudinal sides of the IS horse elements (see Figures 2-4, 11, and 32-25 in that document) are designed to be assembled and disassembled with a joint and an angular displacement motion, while many one of them serves to fit the shorter edges of the floor elements (He, Figs.) and are designed to be joined to one another by transverse pressures and to be closed by snap-in, but these solder systems cannot be fitted to the shorter sides of the floor elements. without being damaged or, in some cases, completely useless.

Some of the floor elements disclosed in WO 9747834 and those which are disassembled and assembled by angular displacement (Figures 2-4 in WO 9747834 and Figures 14a-c in the appendix to the invention); on one of its edges, a groove and a web extending beneath the groove and extending beyond the joint plane at which the top of the two joined floor members meet, the web is formed to cooperate with a substantially complementary portion of the floor member is formed on the other edge so that two similar floor panels can be joined. The common feature of these floor elements is that the upper side of the tongue member's tongue and its corresponding upper surface are grooved flat and parallel to the upper side of the base member or overlapping the tufts to prevent it from being secured transversely to the connecting plane. is designed so that it can only be achieved by closing surfaces on the underside of the tongue and on the upper side of the lower lip of the strip below the groove. This plaster system also suffers from the disadvantage that it requires a belt portion that extends beyond the joint plane and consequently produces waste material within the contact flange where the groove is formed.

A. WO 9747834 also discloses a mechanical coupling system consisting of a circular tongue and a correspondingly shaped groove formed on the opposite side of the floor element (Figs. 14d to 14e). When such a clamping system is connected, the tip of the tongue is inserted into the opening of the curved groove and then the downward bending begins. Meanwhile, during bending downward, a large surface contact is formed between the tongue and all curved surfaces of the groove. If this type of jointing system were used to assemble elements made of long wood or wood-based materials, it would be difficult for renoksvu to joint them smoothly and simply. In addition, friction between the curved surfaces and the tip of the tongue and the underside of the groove requires significant forces to uncouple one floor element from the other. This technique known in the art is obviously better than that disclosed in the aforementioned DE-A 3041781, but has many disadvantages.

US-A-2740167 (see Figures 15a-b) discloses parquet wood brushes which are made of wood and have opposing edges formed by parts that are hooked and hooked together when a plurality of floorboard rows are laid. One edge portion has a downward hook, while the opposite edge has an upward hook. To allow for the insertion of a new floor element under a previously laid element, the underside of the upwardly facing hook will be sharpened. The floor elements, which are connected to one another in a vertical joint plane, are fixed only in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the joint plane. In order to fasten the elements vertically, i.e. perpendicular to the top surface of the floor element, an adhesive layer is used, which is laid on the substrate on which the parquet is to be laid. Therefore, a parquet element which has already been laid must be re-raised or raised before the adhesive layer has cured. as a result, it is permanently fixed to the substrate after laying.

CA-A-2252791 discloses such parquet elements. Correspondingly, they are provided with special grooves along one longitudinal side and a complementary shaped tongue along the other longitudinal side As shown in the patent, and also in the appended ISa. -b, in the figures, you, the tongue and the groove are rounded and inclined at an angle so that it is easy to fit one of the flooring members to the other flooring, so that the new parquet is placed close to the laid parquet and then both lifting and angling, then pulling the groove on the inclined upright tongue while simultaneously tying and moving the parquet board Mfvei the tongue and the groove are complementary, it is very difficult to connect and then re-align the wood deviation from the plane, e.g. banana-shaped, results in the formation of an additional obstacle before the two parquet elements are assembled. The risk of injury to the tongue is therefore very high and the design also results in high frictional forces on the tongue. and groove surfaces garden

The

Food document ÜS-A-5797237 discloses a yeast system for joining floor elements. Fig. 17a is a sectional view showing two joined floor elements, while figure 17b shows such a known floor element which cannot be disassembled by bending the floor element relative to the other floor element. invested. Instead, as shown in Fig. 43, both floor elements must be removed and the floor element to which it is attached and which remains on the floor or on the floor must be raised to pull the tongue out of the groove. The system exhibits a high degree of similarity to that disclosed in the aforementioned US-A-2740167 (Figures 15a, --e) but with the difference that the shorter lower lip is formed below the hook-like projection or shape. This shorter lower lip at the base of the lip does not provide a joint effect, since there is a gap between the lower part of the tongue and the upper side of the short lip when the two floor members are joined. However, this small gap is required for disassembly as shown in FIG. Of course, it is claimed in the disclosure that the joint system is a snap-in connection, but it is likely that the laid floorloop is slightly inclined to allow the floorboard to have a tongue-in-hook tongue. This mechanical trigger system, as shown in the above-mentioned patent, can be manufactured with a large disc-shaped cutting tool, here there are no 10 notched grooves whose upper or lower lips would contact the inserted tongue and close this tongue in a vertical and horizontal direction, in this interface. Thus, the groove is large in the vertical direction and larger in size than the corresponding tongue portions. The laid floor element can therefore move away from the subfloor, causing squeaking joints and unacceptable vertical movements. Insufficient sealing prevents high quality bonding.

FP-A-2875174 discloses a mechanical connection system for ceramic tiles having complementary shaped opposing flange portions, in which case separate spring clips are provided which are spaced apart and used to grasp them The joining system is not designed to be disassembled by bracing, which is obvious from FIG. 18a. 18b. FIGS.

19a. 19b and 19b. Figures 1 to 5 show floor elements formed in accordance with the disclosure of JP 7180333 by means of metal molding. After assembly, it is virtually impossible to disassemble such a floor element brush due to its bonding geometry, which is obvious from FIG. .

Finally, FIG. 20b and 20b. Figures 1 to 5 illustrate an additional switching system disclosed in GB-A-2117813 for attaching large sized insulated wall panels to it. This system closely resembles the system described above in CA-A-2252791, as well as the system disclosed in WO 9747834 and as shown in Figures 14d and 14e. The system has the same drawbacks as the last two systems and is not suitable for high efficiency production of wooden or pressed flooring elements, in particular to provide high quality joints that are a requirement for high quality flooring. as items and cannot be opened with tel up access.

Other systems known in the art are described, for example, in DE 2 Q8133SÖU1, IP 2000179137A. DE 30 41781, D £ 10825248, DE

20001225, EP 0823724,

EP G978889, EP 1045583.

18As apparent from the foregoing, prior art systems have both advantages and disadvantages. However, there is no connection system which is well suited for rational production of flooring elements with an installation system that is optimal in terms of manufacturing technology and waste material, as well as for the function of depositing and re-assembling and which can also be used for floors which should be of good quality. , and must be solid and have, when laid down, adequate functional properties,

It is an object of the present invention to meet this need and to provide an optimum connection system for floor elements in which such optimal floor elements can be used. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a rational method for the manufacture of floor elements with such a connection system. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new installation. develop a technology or procedure that allows easier and much more rational flooring than is customary in the art. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a tool for easing the laying of floor elements by bending upwards and joining the floor elements. It is a further object of the invention to provide a tool for laying floor elements. Further objects will be apparent from both the foregoing and the following description.

The object of the present invention is to provide a joining system along the connecting plane for mechanically joining the floor members, wherein the floor members have a core, a running surface, a backside and opposing side connection edges which are formed as a tongue with upper and lower lips and the other connecting edge is formed as a tongue with its upward portion at its free outer end, and a duct groove viewed in the plane of the connection,

A stitch cut groove having an opening, an inner portion and an inner locking surface, and at least a portion of the lower lip formed with the core of the floor member, and a tongue locking surface configured to cooperate with the inner groove of the tongue groove of the adjacent floor member. with locking surface when the two floor members are mechanically fastened to each other *

We find that their gait is old in the same plane and meets in a plane perpendicular to the running surface, and at least a large portion of the lower end of the socket is viewed parallel to the plane and distal to the outer end of the tongue. the inner sealing surface of the groove is formed on the upper lip within the subfamily of the sucker groove to cooperate with the sealing surface of the tongue on the uppermost part of the tongue, and is constructed in a manner perpendicular to the plane of attachment of two mechanically connected floor elements; extends beyond the plane of contact, and. the lower lip having a support surface formed at a distance from the lower end of the undercut groove in cooperation with an appropriate latching tab located in the tongue, and said support surface being resilient to the transverse displacement of two mechanically connected floor elements perpendicular to the surface plane; sik

Seen from the point of intersection of the IS and the connecting glue, the parts joining the core lie outside a plane further from said point than the closing plane parallel to the plane and tangential to the cooperative closing surfaces of the tongue groove and tongue; closing hugs are best tilted relative to the surface plane, and the upper and lower lips and the tongue, which are arranged at the joint edge, are designed to allow two mechanically connected floor elements to be uncoupled from the floor panels relative to the other floor element. by angling upwards about a point of rotation close to the intersection of the surface plane and the joint for the purpose of securing the tongue of the floor member and the tongue groove of the other floor member, and the lower and upper lips of the connecting edges, and the tongue is configured to allow two floor elements to be joined by an additional floor element while the two floor elements are in substantially contact with each other and which floor element is the tongue of one floor element:

it is inclined downwardly relative to the other about a point of rotation close to the intersection of the surface plane and the contact plane.

-20The undercut groove and the tongue are designed such that a floor element which is mechanically joined to a similar floor element can be slid in one direction along the connecting plane.

The tongue and the cross-cut groove are designed to allow a floor member to be joined and disassembled with an additional floor member by rotating one floor member relative to the other while maintaining the vessel connection between the floor members at a point at the contact edge of the floor member. , near the intersection of the surface plane and the connection plane,

1G The tongue and undercut groove are designed to allow the floor elements to be joined and uncoupled. rotating one floor member relative to the other while maintaining contact between the two floor members at a point at the contact edge of the floor members near the intersection of the surface plane and the joint without substantially contacting the tongue in the direction opposite to the surface plane side and lower lip.

The tongue and undercut groove are designed to allow the floor elements to be joined and uncoupled by breaking one of the floor elements & the other while maintaining the connection:

two floor elements at a point near the contact edge of the floor element, close to the intersection where the surface plane and the connection plane intersect and are substantially in line contact with the tongue-facing sides of the tongue and the surface plane opposite sides and upper and lower lip,

The distance between the closing plane and a parallel plane beyond which the lower lip has all the parts attached to the core shall be at least 10% of the thickness of the flap edge p

The upper lip and the tongue are at an angle to the surface which is less than 9Q but not less than 206 degrees.

The upper lip and the tongue are at least 30 'from the surface.

The submerged groove and the tongue are formed such that the outer end of the tongue is the total distance between the upper lip and the tongue-engaging closure surfaces and the cooperative support surfaces of the abundant lip and tongue. is located at a given distance from the undercut groove.

Any part of the contact between the outer end of the tongue and the undercut groove is smaller in the vertical plane than the closing halves when two floor6 elements are mechanically connected

The tongue and tongue groove edges are formed so that when joining two floor elements, there is a surface contact between the edges, measured from the top edge to the bottom edge of the floor element, up to 30% ~ of the tab supporting the tongue,

The cooperating support surfaces of the tongue and the lower lip are parallel to or at an angle equal to or less than a tangent to a circular arc touching the contacting support surfaces at a point closest to the underside of the recess groove , and its center is one

Point 1S, where the surface plane and the joint glide at each other when viewed in cross-section of the floor member, and the cooperating adapter surfaces of the lower lip are spaced from 0 to 30 * with the surface plane.

The cooperating support surfaces of the tongue and lower lip are set at an angle of at least 1 Ö to the surface plane,

The tongue and the lower lip cooperate with the cooperative support surface at an angle of not more than 20 ^:>

The cooperating laths of the tongue and the lower lip form an angle that is substantially the same as the surface plane, which is a tangent to a circular arc tangent to the support surfaces and centered on a point where the surface plane and the joint glide when intersected cross section: let's see.

The tongue and lower lip cooperate with the support surface face at a greater angle to the surface plane than the tangent of a circular arc that touches the surface surfaces that contact each other at a point closest to the underside of the undercut groove and centered on a point , where the surface plane and the connection plane intersect.

• 7-7

The tongue and lower lip are at an angle with a cooperative support: they are closed with a surface plane than the lower lip and tongue interacting surfaces

The tongue and lower lip are cooperative support members, which incline in the same direction, but at a smaller angle to the surface plane than the upper lip and tongue cooperating closure planes.

The main surface surfaces are at least 2CT at an angle to the surface plane that is at least 2CT ...

Part of the upper lip sealing plane is closer to the tongue groove alja10 RF _i as a part of támasztófalületek.

The upper surfaces of the upper lip and tongue are substantially planar in shape at least within the surface portions which serve to contact each other when two floor elements are connected to one another.

The tongue has a conductive surface disposed IS outside the tongue locking surface when viewed from the connecting plane, and has a smaller angle with the surface plane than the locking surface.

The upper lip has a conductive surface. which is closer to the aperture of the groove; than the upper lip closure surface and which is at an angle less than the upper lip closure surface.

The lower lip ends at a certain distance from the connecting plane.

The lower lip is shorter than the upper lip and terminates at a certain distance from the plane of contact, and at least some of the lower lip supports and the tongue are at a greater distance from the plane of contact than the upper lip and the inclined tongue closure surfaces,

The closing surface of the tongue is arranged at a distance of at least 0.1 times the thickness of the floor panel from the tip of the tongue.

The cooperating barrier faces have a vertical extent less than half the vertical extent of the undercut from the plane of contact and parallel to the plane of the surface,

A. Closure surfaces which, when viewed in the vertical cross-section of the floor element, are of such size that they are at least 18% of the thickness of the floor covering.

The length of the tongue, perpendicular to the plane of the joint, is at least 0,3e of the thickness of the footing:.

A contact chair supporting the tongue groove and / or a contact edge supporting the tongue is provided with a string that is arranged above the tongue and terminates at a certain distance from the plane of the surface.

The upper lip and tongue are formed by mating surfaces 5 which cooperate with each other in their closed position and which are arranged within a region formed between the attachment plane and the closed planes cooperating with each other in their closed position on the tongue and the upper shape.

Connecting surfaces are essentially flat surfaces.

The connecting surfaces are inclined upwards in the direction of the surface plane towards the contact plane.

The connecting surfaces are substantially parallel to the plane of the surface.

The lower lip of the groove is elastic.

The fitting system is designed as a snap-in connection which can be opened by tilting one of the bench members 15 upwards.

The lithium system case is formed by combining a previously laid floor element with a new floor panel by squeezing them substantially parallel to the surface of the previously installed floor element and snapping the trigger system together.

The undercut groove portion, when viewed in cross section, has an outer arrow that tapers inwardly.

The upper lip has a protruding edge at its outer edge, away from the surface.

Seen from the cross-section of the tongue, it has a tapered apex.

The tongue, when viewed in cross section, is provided with a bevelled apex, an upper and a lower tongue.

The tongue, with its upper and lower tongue portions, is made of different materials which have different material properties,

The tongue and tongue are integrally formed with the floor cover 30.

The closure surfaces have a greater angle with the surface plane than the tangent to an arc of tangent to the closure faces which are in contact with one another at a point closer to the underside of the undercut: the point where the surface plane and the connection plane intersect,

The upper lip is thicker than the lower lip.

The minimum thickness of the upper lip in the vicinity of the underfoot S is greater than the maximum thickness of the lower lip in the vicinity of the support surface.

The extent of the supporting members is at least 15% of the thickness of the floor element.

The vertical extension of the tongue groove between the upper and lower lips is at least 30% of the thickness of the flooring, parallel to the plane of contact, measured at the outer end of the support plane.

The depth of the groove, measured from the plane of contact, is at least 2% greater than the corresponding tongue extension.

The tongue has different material properties than the upper or lower lip.

The upper lip is stiffer than the lower lip.

The upper lip and lower lip are made of different properties.

The fitting system comprises a second mechanical zero element 20, in which a locking groove is formed at the bottom of the tongue-supporting contact edge and is parallel to the plane of contact, and is provided with a locking tape secured in one piece to the contacting edge of the floor member under the tongue; essentially, the contact edge extends along the entire length, and has a locking element which protrudes from the tape and which, when two floor elements are mechanically connected to one another, fits in with the other floor element

The joint system is formed on a floor element having a pressed core of wood.

The fitting system is formed with a pad made of wood having a 3S core.

The fitting system has four sides and there are sides that are parallel to each other.

All: equipped with mechanical fitting systems at the edges of the four sides.

The lance flange is provided with mechanical snap lance systems at two opposite edges.

The floor element is two opposite, shorter ones. on its side, in a mechanical locking system, it is fitted with a reciprocating undercut, ho5 rony and tongue are formed, interlocking system

The opening flap system according to the invention thus comprises a lower groove groove along one of the longitudinal sides of the floor element and a protruding tongue along the other side. The inner closed surface facing the raised groove corresponding to the undercut groove has a certain distance from its apex. The tongue and the notched groove are designed to be joined and pulled together in a bending motion centered near the intersection of the surfaces and the joining where the two floor elements are joined. In such an insertion system, the opening notch of the groove may be formed by a disc-shaped cutting tool having a central axis inclined relative to one another to first form the undercut inner portion of the groove and then the closure surface closer to the opening of the groove. In the process of laying such a floorboard floor, placing the floorboard next to the floorboard that has already been laid, sliding the tongue of the new floorboard into the opening of the floorboard, which is already inserted, slightly lifting the front of the floorboard. inserting it into the undercut groove and at the same time moving the mouth pod downward about a pivot point to its final position,

Before going into the specific and expedient embodiments of the present invention on the basis of the drawings, the basic principle of the invention, as well as its strength and functional requirements, will be described,

The invention is applicable to square floor elements having a first pair of parallel sides and a second pair of parallel sides. To simplify the description, the first pair will be referred to as the long side and the second pair the short side. It should be noted, however, that the invention is applicable to square subwoofers.

Good quality osabakozfefas

The term "high-quality connection" means a tight fit of the floor panels sealed. In its closed position, it is both molar and horizontal. It is possible for the floor elements to be joined to each other without very large visible gaps or differences, where the differences mean the difference in level, both in the unloaded and the normally loaded condition, between the connecting edges. In the case of a high quality pad, the joints and level differences between the joints should not be larger than 0.2 and 0.1 mm.

Stop Alert / Turn Rotation / Chef / Alert Bed, further10

1S

As will soon become apparent from the following description, the closure is possible by flattening down at least one side, preferably down the long side. The downward bending may take place by rotation about a center close to the intersection train of the floor element surface plane and the contact plane, i.e. near the top contact edge of the floor elements when they are flattened together. Otherwise, it is impossible to create a Joint that produces tightly fitting edges when closed.

It should be possible for the rotation to be completed in a horizontal position in which the floor elements are vertically closed without play, since the play may result in undesirable level differences between the contact edges. The inward inclination must occur simultaneously with the floor elements resulting in matching connected edges and smoothing out any banana shape (ie, a deviation from the straight, smooth shape of the floor element). The closure member and the closure groove must have guide members that cooperate with each other during downward bending. Downward bending must be performed with great certainty without the floor elements becoming trapped or pinched in such a way as to pose a risk of damage to the itlesia method,

Hayf / aa the contact food /

It should be possible to bend the longer edge upwards so that the floor elements can be separated. Since the floor elements in the Hindu position are in very close contact with each other, especially their edges, this upward entry must be made in such a way that the upper connecting edges are in contact with each other and rotation takes place around the connecting edges. not only when replacing or moving flooring elements, many flooring elements are just laid down for trial purposes or not accurately placed near doors, corners, etc. during placement. It is a major disadvantage that if the floor element cannot be easily picked up without damaging the connector, the situation may not always be that which floor element can be bent inward, but that it can also be bent upwards. In the case of a downward bending, a slight downward bending of the locking member folds backward, although it is then downward and opens. If the attachment system is not formed with proper angles and radiuses, the bottom member closes after installation so that it is impossible to pick up, A. short side, after being opened by moving it upward on the long side attachment, can be extended along the contact edge, if you can open up the short side up. This is particularly advantageous when the floor elements are long, for example 2.4 m long, which makes it difficult to pull out the short side. The upward curling of hairs must be done with great certainty without the pads clinging or pinching together, as this can be hidden inside.

csepananas

It is also possible to close the short sides with a horizontal snap. This requires that the connection system be partially flexible and flexible. Even though folding long sides inward is much easier and faster than snaps, it is advantageous to snap the long side as well, since it is a kind of lay-up! For operations such as around the door, it is necessary that the floor elements are horizontal

Material costs for long and short okfefen

For example, if a subfloor is 1.2 * 0.2 m in size, every 30 square feet of floor surface has about six times more long side connections than short side connections. As a result, large amounts of waste material and costly joining material are less important on the short side than on the long side,

N / A number

-28To achieve high strength, the closure member should have a legally large closure angle so that the closure does not pop out. The closure must be high and wide so as not to break when subjected to high tensile load or pull as the floor shrinks in winter due to the low humidity typical of this time of year. This also applies to materials close to the closing groove. The short-side bond should have greater strength than the long-side bond, since the pulling Tension is distributed over the short side rather than the long side during the winter contraction.

We must allow the floor elements to be kept flat when exposed to vertical loads. In addition, joint movements must be avoided as surfaces that are under pressure and that move relative to one another, such as the upper connecting edges, can cause squeaking or cracking.

Eímozdrtőafőság

In order to create the possibility of fixing on all four sides, it is necessary to allow a newly laid floor element to be movable in a closed position with a previously laid floor element. This displacement must be accomplished with reasonable force, for example by guiding a body and a hammer together without damaging the connecting edges and without causing the switch system a horizontal and vertical amount of backlash. it is more important on the longer side than on the shorter side, since the friction here is significantly higher with respect to the longer bond.

Manufacturing It should be possible to produce coupling systems that use reasonably large rotary cutting tools30 that have extremely high accuracy and capacity

In order to achieve good functional manufacturing deviations and quality, the joint profile must be continuously measured and checked. Typical parts of mechanical bonding systems are designed to be easy to manufacture and measure. It should be possible to make these with a few centimeters of pon29 loss, and thereby make it possible to measure them with great accuracy, for example me. help in profile project If the joining system is formed by linear machining, the joining system will have the same profile along the entire rim, except for some manufacturing fractures. As a result, the bending order can be accurately measured by taking out a sample for sawing! the

measure it here with a profile prejector or with a measuring microscope. Reasonable fabrication, however, requires that the coupling system can also be measured quickly and easily without the use of destructive methods such as gauges. This becomes easy if the critical parts of the recording system are as small as just a few of the length and the short side is shortened.

In order to create optimally manufactured floor elements, lifts can be manufactured at minimal cost, long; and the. the short side should be optimized for their various properties described above. For example, the long side should be optimized for downward bending, upward bending, positioning and displacement, while the long side should be optimized for hepatobnosis and high strength. One optimally designed

2Ö floor elements therefore have different connecting elements on the long and short sides,

Possibility of edge-to-edge connection of the joint

Wood-based floor elements and floor elements which are essentially and generally those floor elements that contain wood fibers, contract or expand due to changes in relative humidity. Expansion and contraction usually begin from above, and the surface layers therefore; they move more extensively, mini the core, i.e. the part from which the coupling system is formed. To prevent the upper connection edges from protruding or excessive swelling,

3) to expand as a result of expansion, or to allow the joint slots to protrude as they dry, the joint system must be designed to allow movement to compensate for shrinkage and swelling,

The state of the art is a puppet of coal systems

4a. and 4 b. Fig. 2A shows an art-type Alloc system showing a serine system, and an Alloc Home system with a protruding ribbon that can be snapped and snaped together.

The prior art systems shown in Figures 9 to 18 can be fabricated by mechanical bonding with less waste material than mechanical projectile systems with protruding and machined webbing. However, none of these meet the above requirements and do not solve the problem that the present invention is intended to solve,

The snap joints 10 of Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 18 may be opened or closed by articulation of the upper edge of the contact or joint edge and the joints of Figs. floor element with material machining rotating machining tool with large diameter.

A 12a, - d. The floor elements according to Figs. 1 to 5 are not foldable or snap-on, but are first lined, pressed parallel to the joint edge. 12c. - The bond shown in figures d, cannot be snap-locked. Although it is possible to bend it inward, in this case the joining system must be formed with too much play. The vertical strength is low because the upper and lower contact surfaces are parallel. In addition, the bond is difficult to produce and litter is closed in its docked position because it has no exposed surfaces. However, it is advised to fix it to the subfloor with nails that are inserted perpendicularly or obliquely with the floor panel above the oblique tongues.

The duke, - d., And 15 a. ~ b. and the connector of Figs. 17a, b

2S systems provide examples of joints that do not have a vertical closure, that is, they allow for thinking perpendicular to the top surface of the floor element,

The inwardly foldable joint of Figs. 14d ~ e has several disadvantages because it is manufactured and constructed on the principle of forming a tight body, and that the tongue and the groove follow a circular circle centered on the lower and upper part. it has an upper connection edge. i. e., the joint of upper and lower surfaces. This joint does not provide the necessary guiding elements and it is difficult to bend the joint together because it is imprecise and the size of the contact pads is too large. As a result, sprinkle and so-called. it also produces a pull effect when bending inward. The strength in the horizontal direction is too low, which depends on the low top angle and the angle angle too low between the upper and lower contact surfaces. In addition, the front and top upwardly curved portions of the tongue groove are too small to withstand the forces required to form a high-quality binding or switching system. Excessively large contact areas between the tongue and the groove, the lack of necessary free surfaces that do not come in contact, and tight fit requirements throughout the joint, the floor 10-member is lateral; displacement along the contact elements is quite difficult and consequently the possibility of rational, rational manufacturing and, during manufacturing, the ability to achieve good tolerances is extremely difficult. These systems can't even be snapped in the horizontal direction,

16a. ~ b. The joint system of FIGS. 6 to 8 is designed to prevent joint bending without substantial material deformation, which is difficult to achieve with commonly used floor panel materials suitable for use in a bench. Here, too, each part of the tongue and groove is connected to one another. And this: making the lateral displacement of the floor element in the closed position difficult or impossible, Rém is also possible for rational machining, since all the answers are in contact. The snapshot cannot be realized either.

6a. - b, the system-mounted connection system cannot be disassembled together .hay25 because it is designed to rotate around two rain points at the same time. Highly horizontal closure in the tongue groove. Each surface is in contact with another surface, which is tight. In practice, this attachment system cannot be moved and reasonably machined. This system is capable of being used in a firing system that has been designed in accordance with FIG. and d.

4A to 5B and is formed on adjacent perpendicular edges of the floor member and does not require lateral displacement for connection.

A. Se. - b. The connecting system shown in FIGS. 4A to 4A has a groove groove that cannot be machined in rotary spindle having a large diameter. Mern is snap-on and is designed to prevent lateral displacement due to Initial Impact Force and tight fit that occurs near the outer vertical portion of the tape.

5a. - b. The connection system shown in Figures 1 to 5 is made of two aluminum sections. With rotating ratchet tools having large tool diameters, tongue forming is not feasible. Connecting system A is configured so that it is impossible to bend a new floor member inwardly at the top edge of the top joint that is in contact with the top joint edge of the previously placed floor member so that the inward bending is performed by rotation about a center and is located at the intersection of the surface alk. To allow for inward folding when used in this prior art system, it is necessary to have a substantial backlash that goes beyond what is still acceptable with conventional floor elements where good quality , aesthetic connections are a requirement, 13a, ~ oh. The coupling system shown in Figures 1 to 4 is difficult to manufacture because it requires connection on a large surface on the outside of the tongue and tongue groove. This also makes it difficult to move laterally when closed. The geometry of the joint makes it impossible to bend upwards around the upper joint edge.

The fe / elf

The invention is based, first, on the maturation of the material, which, by employing appropriate manufacturing methods, essentially machining and using tools whose diameter is significantly greater than the thickness of the flooring element, enables the advantageous shape to be reasonably and accurately formed from wood, wood based boards and plastics. Amn-type machining places the rivets a certain distance away from the plane of cheating. Thus, the shape of the IAS system can be reasonably manufactured with very narrow tolerances. Such an application allows its use at the expense of other important owners of the floor element and the lysis system.

The second whitewashing of the invention is that my mechanical bonding system · needs to be satisfied. , .m optma Á.odes.

This recognition allows us to satisfy these flaps in a way that was not previously known, that is, by a) designing the bonding device, such as special angles, rays, backlash, free surfaces and ratios, in Klala30 pounds. between different parts and bja today <

Optimal use of its abilities or with cores such as compression, stretching, bending, tensile strength and compressive strength.

á a third: it is also based on recognition,

5S to create a cheap system that is cheap at the same time

its function and strength are maintained or, in some cases, enhanced by manufacturing techniques, connection design, material selection and optimization of the long and shorter side, or a combination thereof,

The fourth principle of the present invention is that the annealing system be developed with its manufacturing technology and measurement technology, and that critical parts that require very small tolerances should be made in as few numbers as possible: allow measurement and control under continuous production conditions.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. In the drawing, ta, - e. Fig. 2B shows a downward bending process for mechanically joining the long side of a floor member according to WO 9426999 in three steps;

2a. - She. Figures 3 to 5 show three steps of a snap-in method for mechanically joining the lower side of a floor member according to WO 9425999,

3a, ™ b. Fig. 2B is a side and bottom view of WO 9426399 for taking a gadget body;

4a. - b. FIG. 2B illustrates various embodiments of a floor panel according to WO 9956151. the

Figures 5a, 5b are floor elements according to DE-A-3343601

Figs. Sa-d show a mechanical system for joining and securing the long and shorter sides of floor elements according to CA-A-0991373;

7a.-b. Figures 1 to 4 show a mechanical coupling and locking system according to GB-A-1430429;

Figs. Ba. ~ Fe, Figures of the floor element according to ÖE-A-4242830 <^ 4

· ·} £

1SA,

17a,

18a.

19a,

29a,

9627721 illustrates a snap-on connection according to JP 3188987; Figures fe illustrate a snap-on connection according to DE-A-12122275;

d. FIGS. 4 to 7 show various embodiments of a groove and tongue-and-groove jointing system according to US-A-1124228 he, ad, show mechanical joining system for sports flooring according to DE-A-3404181, FIGS. Connector according to WO 9447684

1B illustrates a mechanical connection system for joining floor members according to U8-A-2740167;

b. Figures 2 to 9 illustrate a snap-in system for testing parquet according to US-A 5797237; Figs. fe illustrate a system for joining tiles according to FR-A-2875174; Figs. illustrates a connection system for large main elements according to G8-A-2117813;

21a. ~~ b. Fig. 2A schematically illustrates a parallel connection edge of a first preferred embodiment of a floor element according to the invention,

Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating the production of a joiner's paddle board in connection with the top joining edge, schematically illustrating the production of a joiner padtoefem joining dish according to the invention;

S 2 S. The figure is not a teapot. hftis & ffcanó and up hmktő moz ~

28 illustrates a combination of a snap and fullness that is not part of the invention, a lower ai; an embodiment of the invention which is not part of the invention with short ages; - e. Fig. 4A shows a bending process not forming part of the invention, showing a possible bending method not forming part of the invention, showing a snap-in method not forming part of the invention, showing that two parts of the invention how the revenge sides of a non-forming floor element are joined to the long side of a third floor ridge when two floor elements have already been joined to one another along their shorter sides; Fig. b shows assembled floor elements with combined bonding not part of the invention, a

32a. Fig. d shows inward bending of a composite joint not forming part of the invention, showing an example not forming part of the invention on a long side on a parquet, showing an example not forming part of the invention how a short side can be formed on a parquet floor is an example, not part of the invention, of how a long side stall can be constructed with a knockout system 35. Fig. 4A shows an example not forming part of the invention, wherein the connection system is configured so that it is possible to drive by pressing and bending the connection material, the floor element not forming part of the invention; steps, a

Figure 35

37. An embodiment of a joint system capable of compensating for shrinkage and swelling of the fleece layer of a pile element, not forming part of the invention, illustrates an embodiment of the invention with a rigid tongue, an embodiment of the invention wherein the upper contact surfaces Fig. 4A shows a long tongue embodiment which is not part of the invention, as well as the pull-out and pull-out, illustrates in an example not part of the invention how the connection system is designed to

shows a connection system: he shows a

45a> - fe. Fig. 4A is a view showing a jointing system not forming part of the invention with a slit and elastic tongue, a drawing showing a jointing system according to the invention with a lower lip which is partly made of a material different from the core. illustrates a connection system which is not part of the invention that can be used to snap on a floor member sealed on all four sides, a connection system which can be used, for example, on a shorter side of a floor member; is a non-representative example of a connection system which can be used, for example, on the short side of a floor element, the figure is not part of the invention; procedure,. Fig. 4A is a view showing a special tooling not forming part of the invention,

Figure S3 illustrates the connection of short sides which are not part of the invention

54a. FIG. 4b is a view showing a snapshot of the short side which is not part of the invention

3?

where Rudti uses an Immongue language which is not part of the shorter stalk

1, which is not part of the invention

57a. ~ a. Fig. 4A is a view of the inner corner portion of the shorter side of the invention

One, _first preferred embodiment of Γ floor element is provided with a mechanical joint system according to the main invention, and that the Matata 21 and fe, using drawings, In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the illesztörendszert schematically.. We emphasize on our operation we can achieve other designs

I, which are reproduced below

A 21a., 21b. Figures 6 to 9 are schematic representations of the joint 15 between the longitudinal edge portion 4a of the floor element t and the opposite longitudinal edge portion 4b of another floor element Γ.

The top sides of the floor elements are located in a substantially common HP plane and the top portions of the edge portions 4a, 4b are in contact with one another in a vertical contact plane VP. The mechanical yoke system secures the floor elements 20 to each other in both perpendicular to the VP connection plane. However, when laying the floor in rows of adjacent floor elements, one floor element Γ can be moved along the other 1 in the direction 03 (see Fig. 3a) along the connecting connector VP, for example, to move the floor element brush to one another. that are in the same line,

In order to join the two contact edges perpendicular to the vertical plane of the VP and parallel to the horizontal HP plane, the edges of the floor element are provided in a manner known per se on a edge portion 4a of the floor element.

Within the VP plane, we also create 33 tongues on the other edge portion 4b that protrudes from the VP plane,

In this embodiment, the base member 1 has a core or a wood core 30 which supports a wood surface 32 in its forward plane and a balancing layer 34 on its back strap. The floor element 1 is angular and the second mechanical

It also has a 3816 interface system along the two parallel short sides. In the embodiments, this second judgment system may be of the same design as the longitudinal illumination system, but the shorter illumination system may be of various designs according to the invention or may be provided with a prior art implantation system.

In another example, the floor element may be a parquet type having a thickness of 15 mm, a length of 2.4 m and a width of 0.2 m. However, the invention can also be applied to square or different sized parquet.

The core 30 is made of low-cost wood blocks of plywood type and narrow, the surface 32 has a thickness of 3 to 4 mm and consists of hardwood of decorative type and varnished. The back! 34 layers 2 mm plywood plywood. In some cases, it is advantageous to use different types of wood in different parts of the floor element in order to obtain optimal properties in each part of the floor element.

As mentioned above, the mechanical doughing system according to the invention comprises a groove portion 38 formed on one of the spacing portions 4a of the floor element and a tongue 33 formed on the opposite side edge portion 4b.

The groove portion 33 is bordered by upper lip 39 and lower lip 40 and is an undercut groove type having an opening between the two upper lip 39 and lower lip 40 The various portions 36 are shown in FIG. FIG. The groove groove is formed in the core 30 and extends along the edge of the floor element. Above the tongue groove is an upper edge or a contacting edge surface 41 extending upward to the HP plane. Inside the opening of the gutter groove is an upper connecting surface 43, which in this case is parallel to the HP surface plane. This contacting flat surface 43 runs inwardly into an oblique wind surface 41 having an angle A relative to the HP horizontal plane. Within the sealing surface there is provided an abutment 46 which forms the upper boundary of the undercut groove 35 of the tongue groove. The groove also has a lower end 48 which extends down to the lower lip 40. A hub 50 is provided on the upper side of this lip. An outer surface 52 of the lower lip is formed, which in this case extends slightly over the VP plane,

IS also iv

21, the tongue core 30 is made and extends beyond the VP plane when this connecting edge portion 4b is mechanically connected to the edge portion 4a of the adjacent horse member. The edge portion 4b also has an upper flange or upper joint surface 61 extending downwardly along the VP plane to the root of the tongue 38. On the upper side of the root of the tongue 38 there is an upper support surface 84, which in this case extends up to the inclined closing surface 85 of the upwardly closing member 8 towards the tip of the tongue. The sealing surface 85 passes through a guide surface 66 terminating on the upper surface 87 of the upwardly closing tongue 8. Following the upper surface 87 is a convex portion, which may serve as a conductive cuff. This language extends to 89 nodes. An additional guide surface 70 is formed at the lower end of the tip 89 which extends obliquely down to the lower edge of the tongue and a support surface 71 which serves to cooperate with the support surface 50 of the lower lip when mechamically connected to each floor element. that their top sides are in the same HP plane and meet at the VP plane that is perpendicular to it. that the upper contact surfaces 41, 81 of the floor elements are in contact with each other. The tongue has a lower connecting flange surface 72 which extends below.

In this embodiment, there are discrete support surfaces 43, 84 in the tongue which, when closed, engage with one another on the lower lip and the tongue head 50, 71 on the tongue shakes the D1 closure perpendicular to the HP surface. In another embodiment, which will be described below, each of the sealing faces 45, 85 functions as a Ö2-sealing surface together with the HP surface and as a support surface. which is opposite to the direction 02 which is perpendicular to the surface. A 21a ,, 2b. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the closing surfaces 45, 85 and the connecting surfaces 43, 84 cooperate as the upper support surface of the system.

As will also be apparent from the drawing, the tongue 38 extends beyond the VP connection plane and has an upwardly extending locking member 8 at its free end or 69 ends. The tongue further has a locking surface 65 configured to cooperate with a locking surface 45 located in the groove portion 38 of the adjacent casing floor member when the two such floor members are mechanically joined 20

and fly, so that their front faces are in the same HP plane and meet in the VP plane perpendicular to this.

As is evident from FIG. 4a, the tongue 38 has a surface portion 52 between the closure surface 51 and the plane VP. When the two floor elements are joined, the surface portion 52 comes into contact with the portion 45 of the sealing element 8. In order to facilitate the insertion of the tongue into the aliamefszetf groove, by an inwardly inflating or hepatic tapping, the tongue as shown in Figs. 21a, 21b. 1 to 4, a guide surface 88 may be provided between the lock surface 88 and the surface portion 57. Further, the guide surface 88 may be provided with the strut portion 57 and the tongue.

89 peaks. The conductive surface 68 may serve as a conductive portion, having a smaller inclination to the plane of the surface than the closure surfaces 43, 51.

The tongue support surface 71 is in this embodiment tangential to the plane of the HP surface. The tongue has a guide surface 70 between said Ιοί 8 tongue surface and the tip 89 of the tongue,

According to the invention, the lower lip 40 has a support surface 50 that cooperates with a corresponding support surface 71 on the groove portion 38 at a distance from the end 48 of the undercut groove. When the two poles are joined to each other, a surface 84 is formed between the support strips 50, 71 and the surfaces 43 of the mid lip 39, which is the one connection and is located in the tongue. In this way, the floorboard and the HP plane,

According to the invention, the air portion of at least the lower end 48 of the undercut groove appears to be parallel to the HP plane and spaced further

VP connection from a plane such as the tip 88 or tip of the groove portion 38. With this design, manufacturing is greatly simplified and the movement of one floorboard relative to another floorboard along the contact slide

Another important feature of the mechanical mating system of the present invention is that all portions of the lower lip 40 attached to the core 30, viewed from the point C where the HP plane and the VP contact plane intersect, are located outside an LP2 plane. This plane is further away from said point C than the closing plane LP1, which is parallel to the plane LP2 and tangent to the closing surfaces 48, 88 of the hron portion 38, and to the tongue 38, where these are tilted from its side 41 Compared to the HP plane. This small is conceivably the undercut groove, as it will be further detailed for cutting with a cutting tool.

o ~ large, the floor elements are wide

A further important feature of the joint system according to the invention is that the tongue 38 and the upper lips 39 and the lower lip 40 of the wind blades 4a, 4fe are designed to allow dismantling of two mechanically joined members by bending one floor member upward against another. a pivot point that is close to the intersection line C of the HP surface glue and the VP connector glue, so that this floor is: rotated from the undercut groove of the other floor element

A 21 a „21 b. in such embodiments, such disassembly is possible by slightly bending the lower lip 40 downwards. In another more advantageous embodiment, there is no downward bending of the lower lip, without which the floor elements are connected and disassembled,

A 21a., 21b. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4, the connection of two floor elements according to the invention can be carried out in three different ways.

One such method is by placing the floor element T on the substrate and moving it toward the previously laid floor element Γ until the narrow tip 69 of the tongue 38 fits into the opening of the groove portion 36. Subsequently, the floor element 1 'is bent upwardly so that the edge portions 41 and the surface 61 of the floor element contact each other on both sides of the connecting plane VP, while maintaining this contact, the floor element is bent downwardly about the rotation point C. The insertion is performed by sliding the guide surface 66 of the tongue along the closing surface 45 of the upper lip 39 while the guide surface 70 of the tongue 38 slides against the outer edge of the upper lip of the lower lip 40. The fitting system can then be disengaged rotation around the C-joint, close to the HP surface glue and VP contact glue line.

The second method of closure can be accomplished by moving it with the edge 4a of the new floor element connecting the tongue groove towards the edge 4b of the previously installed floor element tongue 4b. Subsequently, the new floor element is rotated upwardly until the surface of the floor panel 41, 61 is joined in the intersecting plane of the contact plane,

And then the floor element is moved downwardly or bent so that it can also be joined together until the final closing position is reached by moving one of the floor members in the upwardly inclined position towards the other.

The third way of assembling the floor elements in this embodiment of the floor elements is to move the new floor element felé horizontally towards the previously laid floor element 1 so that it is inserted into the groove 36 together with the closing element of the tongue 38 or upwards. , the lower elastic lower lip 40 is bent slightly downwards so that it engages with the underside groove 35 of the tongue groove at the closing edge 8 of the tongue groove.

from them. That's the stone

With respect to the snap, it can be said that the upward bending of the upper lip 39 may be effected by a slight degree of compression of all parts of the tongue 38 and the groove portion 36 which are in contact with one another during the snap. This facilitates the use of bepattk and makes it possible to use an optimal yeast system.

In order to facilitate production, inward bending, fullness and tension;

and to minimize wind in the closed position, all surfaces that do not participate in the close fit of the upper joint edges, and to provide vertical and horizontal joints so that they are not in contact with each other in the closed position and preferably not during closing , and also during disassembly. This allows fabrication without the need for fractures on these contact parts and

it also reduces friction during lateral displacement along the contact flange. By way of example, elements or surfaces designated 46 to 67, 48 to 69, 50 to 70 and 52 to 72 may be provided in closed position on parts or surfaces of the connection system which are not in contact with each other.

The attachment system of the preferred embodiment may comprise a plurality of combinations of materials, the upper lip 39 may be made of a rigid and rigid surface 32 and a softer lower portion which may be part of the core 36. The lower lip 4 may have the same or the same upper softer core 30 and may also comprise a lower soft layer 34 which may be made of other wood. The three types of wood

-43the direction of the fiber may change. This can be used to provide a connection system that utilizes the properties of these materials. The closure member is therefore in accordance with the invention located closer to the upper hard and rigid portion which is thus flexible and compressible to a limited extent when the snap function is formed on the softer lower and elastic portion. It should be emphasized that the iltester system can be made as a homogeneous floor element, more precisely such a floorloom.

Figure 22 schematically illustrates the process and principle of inward bending around point C (upper joining edges) Application of the invention to me Figure 22 schematically illustrates how to design a joint system to enable inward bending. bending along the upper connecting edges. In this inward bending, the joining system parts in the art or prior art practice follow a circular arc having a C center close to the HP surface plane and

VP contact plane for intersection. If there is a large backlash in all elements of the coupling system, or if this is allowed, or if a significant deformation occurs, or in the case of inward bending, the tongue and groove can be formed in a number of different ways. On the one hand, if the coupling system has to have coupling surfaces that prevent vertical and horizontal separation without any backlash between the contact or support surfaces, and where deformation of the material is not possible, the joint system shall be constructed using the following principles,

The upper part of the connection system shall be constructed as follows:

Cl8 is a circular arc having a center C at the top of the surfaces 41, 81 which, in this preferred embodiment, intersects a point of contact between the upper lip 38 and the upper part of the tongue 38 at point P2. P2 <P3, P4, and R5, between upper lip 39 and 8 latches of tongue 38, and intersection of P2 and VP vertical plane

3U is within the CiS circular arc, and where all other points of contact F2 to P1-lg are between or outside the upper lip 39 and the upper portion of the tongue 38, and between the intersection P2 and the upper portion of the tongue 38. Cl 8 arc, These conditions must apply to all points of contact. In the case of the PS contact point and the CIA pear, all ~ 44 ™ other contact points between P1 and P5 are outside of the Cl A and, for the Pli contact point, every other contact between P1 and RS is in the Cl C arc;

The lower part of the connection system is based on the following principles

C2B is concentric with Ct A and, in this preferred embodiment, intersects a point of contact; 40 lower lip: between the lower part of the 33 tongues P? point. All other points of contact between P7, P8 and P9, and between the lower lip 40 and the lower part of the tongue 38, and between the intersection of P7 and the plane, lie outside the circle C28 and are all F6, P? further between the points 40, the lower lip 40 and the lower part of the tongue 38 are stone; as well as between or at the intersection of P7 with the outer portion of the tongue 33 in orbit C2B. The same applies for contact point P8 and vi16 for C2A

2.0

The coupling system implemented according to said preferred embodiment has a good inward bending property. It can be easily combined with surfaces 43, 84 that can be parallel to the HP horizontal and provide excellent vertical closure.

23a. _s, 2: 3b, Figures I matatják to 24a. _f How to make the connection system according to Figures 2b. 1: a floor element which is upstream of the prior art 2: downwards on a ball bearing chain on a milling machine which transmits the floor elements with extremely high precision over a number of milling tools, e.g.

which has the floor element. In order to understand the other figures, the HP surface plane of the floor element is shown in Figure 23a. Figure 1B shows that TP1 is poorly formed with a conventional r in relation to the horizontal plane, the comparison is shown above, with the first tool being a first step. In this case, the tool works with a tool angle 04 which is parallel to the horizontal plane. The axis of rotation R A1 is perpendicular to the HP plane. The notch is formed by means of a second tool, wherein the TP2 position and the configuration of the tool are such that the undercut groove 35 can be formed without the tool influencing the shape of the lower lip 40. In this case, the tool has an angle? With the angle of the closing surface 45 in the undercut groove 35. This manufacturing process is talented because the LP1 locking plane is so far away from the connection plane that the tool can be inserted into the previously formed tongue groove. "Therefore, the thickness of the tool must not exceed the distance between the two LP1 pins and LP2 pins. 21a and 21b. with reference to FIGS. This manufacturing process is state-of-the-art technology and is not part of the manufacturing process of the invention as will be explained in more detail below.

Figures 24a, 24b illustrate an embodiment which is not part of the invention. It is characteristic of this embodiment that the joint system is completely constructed inwardly as described above about the upper connector, A. The closing surfaces 85 and the lower supporting surfaces 50 71 are in this embodiment planar but have different shapes.

and C2 are two of which ia

At the upper end of the surfaces 41,01, the smaller arc C1 is tangent to the lower contact point closer to the vertical plane between the closure surfaces 45,05 than the point P4, which has a tangent angle TL1 corresponding to the LP1. The closing surfaces 45, 05 have the same inclination as this angle. The larger circular arc 02 is tangent to the upper point of contact between the base phosphate flaps 00, 71 and is closer to the end of the tongue groove 48 at the point P7 having an angle TL2. The inclination of the support surfaces 50, 71

All points of contact between tongue 38 and upper lip 39, located between P4 and vertical VP glides, satisfy the condition that they lie within or on the circumference C1, while all contact points between the ends and only the closing surfaces 45, 85 satisfy the condition that they are located outside or on the circumference of Cl. The corresponding conditions for the molding surfaces between the lower lip 40 and the tongue 38 are satisfied. Each point of engagement is between the tongue 38 and the lower lip 40, located between point P7 and the vertical VP plane - in this case, only the lower lugs 80, 71 - outside or on the C2 arc, while any contact point The point located between point P7 and the 48 ends of the tongue groove is on or within C2.

In this embodiment, there is no point of contact between the point P7 and the 48 ends of the socket

The most characteristic feature of this embodiment is that each contact surface is the contact point P4 and the contact contact VP in this case, the point P5, and the end of the ridge groove 48 is located inside or outside the arc C1 and thus has no Address the circle. The same applies to the point of contact P7, where each point of contact lies between the point P7 and the vertical VP plane, in this case the point P8 and the end 48 of the tongue groove are located outside or inside the C2 and thus not on C2. . As is clear from FIG. Referring to a dashed portion in FIG. 1A, the connection system, when fully met, is configured such that inward translation may occur such that there is a gap during substantially full angle translation which terminates in the tightly sealed floor member. or a pressure fit when they are in their final horizontal position. Thus, the invention allows for a combination of the inward and outward movement of the floor elements without any resistance, and the closure results in extremely good connection quality. If the lower support plates 71, 50 are made at a slightly smaller angle, the connection system may be formed with a connection system where only the two aforementioned points P4 are on the upper lip and the points P7 on the lower part of the tongue are the groove 38 and tongue 38. between the entire inward tilting process until the final closure is achieved and the entire upward tilt until the pad elements are separated from each other A seal or by line contact only is a great advantage because the friction is small and the floor elements it can be easily turned inwards or turned upside down without the system being trapped or pinched, which carries the risk of damage to system components. One-press Fitting, especially in the vertical direction, is extremely important for strength. If there is a certain play between the support surfaces, the floor elements will, when exposed to a stench, slip along the closing surfaces until the lower contact surfaces reach the point where they are tightly closed by pressure. results in a level difference between the upper contact edges. By way of example, when tightly sealed or press-fitted, high strength can be achieved if the angles of the sealing surfaces are approx. 4Ö ° relative to the HP plane and if the angle of the lower support surfaces is approximately 15 ° the HP surface

24a. The closing angle of the LP1 closure plane in FIG. 39 °, while the TL2 support plane is provided with a V4 support angle of 4Ms along the storage 50, 71, The angle difference between LP 1 and

For TL2 planes, 25 \ A angle of closure: and a large angle of inclination between the support angle and a large angle of closure should be sought as this results in high horizontal closing forces. The sealing surfaces and the log cushions may be curved, stepped, may be formed from a variety of angles, etc. but it's manufacturing ne10 down below em

they may be fitted with head restraints or may be complementary to various upper support surfaces

Even if the locking surfaces and; the contact points of the support surfaces differ to some extent from these principles, they may lean inward at their upper contact edges, provided that the connection system is adjusted so that its contact points or surfaces are small relative to the floor thickness and such that the material properties of the floor they are maximally utilized with regard to the drive, while at the same time there is an extremely small clearance between the connecting zones. This can be used to increase the closing angle and the angle difference between the closing angle and the bearing angle.

The inward bending subspace thus shows that the critical portions are the closing surfaces 45, SS and the lower supporting surfaces S0, 71. It also shows that the degree of freedom has a relatively high regard for the design of the other portions, such as the upper surface 43, 64 and the guide groove 44 of the locking groove, and the upper surface 67 and SS guide surface of the locking member 8 The front lip 49 to form the lower lip 40, the lower lip 51 and guide, and the tongue 89, 70, 72. They should preferably be different, the two should be mountains

There must be free spaces from the shape of the circular arc Cl, C2 and between all parts except the surfaces 43, 84 so that these parts do not come into contact with each other in the closed position and during inward bending and upward bending. Also, since these parts can be formed without stricter fracture requirements and lead to safe inward and upward bending and also to lower friction due to the smaller friction associated with lateral displacement of the interconnected lobes along the VP contact plane (Direction D3). that is, these portions of the connection have no functional feature or role to prevent vertical or horizontal displacement or, in the closed position, displacement along the contact flange. Thus, loose wood fibers and small deformable joints; with free surfaces The bending around the upper contact edges, as mentioned above, becomes possible if the joint system is shaped so that

between the sealing surfaces 45, 55, the sealing edges of the lem are clamped to each other. In addition, the play also provides lateral displacement in closed position, reduces throughput, and provides greater freedom of manufacture, allowing for throwing with locking surfaces having an angle of inclination such as LPf and leading to a contact shower. The backlash is significantly reduced in contact

delem top lan e golegic slings, as if it were a backlash between the support surfaces, primarily due to this game, it will also be smaller due to the fact that the slippage when tensioned occurs at a smaller support surface angle, i.e. an angle much smaller than the locking angle. . This minimum backlash, if any, between the closing surfaces can be extremely small, for example, only 0.01 mm. In a normal coupled position, the play is practically 0, and the coupling system can be configured so that play occurs only when the contact edges of the floor members are compressed with maximum force. We found that approx. Backlash greater than 0.05mm results in extremely good bonding qualities, as the contact gap found on or in the HP surface plane is hardly noticeable at full load or in this position.

At the same time we have to underline that the connection system can be formed between the closing surfaces without the play

A. Material pressure and clearance between the sealing surfaces and the bending of the connecting parts on the sealing surfaces in easily measurable tendons

49, by exposing the clamping system to a tensile load and measuring the contact gap at the outer surfaces 41, Ski with a predetermined load less than the tensile strength of the coupling system. At tensile strength, they reach the strength at which the connecting § system does not break or crack. Suitable snow strength is about 50% of tensile strength. For example, it may be mentioned that the strength of the long side bond is greater than 3ŰÖ kg / m 2. The shorter side-end workout can be even more robust. A floor with a suitable connection system according to the invention can withstand a load of 1000 kg per running meter of connection. Gap connection of a good quality coupling system at the upper 41, Ski surfaces Ö, 1 - 0.2 mm, if used as an extension bar!

half of the tensile load or stress, The connection

the gap decreases when the load is removed. By varying the tensile stress, the relationship between structural play and deformation of the material can be determined. With a smaller tensile insertion, the connection gap is substantially around the extent of the structural gap. At higher loads, the gap increases due to the deformation of the material. The connection system can also be formed with an initial initial stress, i.e. prestress, and an adjusting pressure on the locking surfaces and support surfaces so that the above-mentioned connection gap is not visible. load.

The geometry of the coupling system, as well as the clearance between the sealing surfaces combined with the pressure from the material quality around the 41.81 surfaces, can be measured by drilling the connection in a direction perpendicular to the connection edge. As the connection system is made by linear machining, the same profile is obtained, but along the entire connection edge. The only exception, or difference, is the manufacturing tolerance, which may be manifested in the absence of parallelism due to the fact that the floor may have been rotated or moved vertically or horizontally as it has passed through various cutting tools in the machining machine. a sample of two connection edges gives a very reliable picture of what the connection system looks like. Once the samples have been ground and cleaned of loose fibers so that they have a sharp joint profile, they can be inspected for joint geometry and for material pressure and bending. For example, the two coupling parts can be compressed with a force that does not yet damage this joint system. , first of all post surfaces 41, 81, The backlash between the closing surfaces and the connection geometry can then be measured with a measuring microscope for approx. With an accuracy of 8.01 mm or less, depending on the equipment. If stable and modern machines are used in the manufacturing process, kh is satisfactory if the profile is examined in two smaller areas of the floor element to determine the average backlash and the joint geometry, etc.

All measurements should be made when the floor panels are exposed to a relative humidity of approximately 45%.

In this case, too, the guide member 68 has a guide surface 68 on the upwardly closing member 8 of the tongue. The guide member of the closure comprises portions that have a slope less than the inclination of the locking surface and in this case the inclination forming the closing surface 45 TA2, which in this embodiment is equal to the angle TL1,

The tongue groove closure surface 48 also has a guide member 44 which cooperates with the tongue guide surface 88 when inclined inward. This guide member 44 also includes portions having an incline less than the inclination of the closure surface.

At the front of the lower lip 40, a rounded locking surface 51 is provided which cooperates with a radius formed at the lower part of the tongue, which engages with the lower support surface 71 at the PT and bends inwardly.

The lower lip 40 may be flexible. A low degree of inward pressure may be exerted on the connection points between the tongue 33 and the lower lip 48 as the salt lip. This is the case when pressure is felt on the sealing surfaces because the lower lip 48 has a significantly better elastic property than the upper lip 39 and the tongue 38. With the inward and upward bending, the lip thus bends downward. The bending capacity of only 8.1 mm or more, together with the compressive force of the material quality and with small contact surfaces, is a good chance that the lower 50, 71 the bearing surfaces are deformed so that they may have a tilt smaller than the angle TL2. while inward bending is easily accomplished. A flexible lip can be combined with a relatively large angle of closure. If the angle of lock is small, one

- 51 ϋ tensile load press down lips, smej connection slots, in addition; out of level edges between the contact edges.

Both the SS tower portion and the tongue 38 are provided with guide rails 42, 51 and 88, 70 which guide the tongue into the groove and facilitate snap-in and bending in,

Figure 25 illustrates embodiments not forming part of the invention, wherein the lower lip 40 is shorter than the upper lip 39 and is thus located at a distance from the vertical VP plane. This has the advantage of allowing greater freedom of design for the sealing surface 45 such as; large tool with angle TA, while relatively large tools can be used. In order to facilitate snap-in by bending the lower lip 40 downwardly, the groove portion 38 is formed deeper than is necessary for the space needed for the tip of the tongue 38 to move. The edge dotted with dashed line 4b shows how the system portion relative to each other at the upper contact edge when the hairline is inward, while the dashed edge portion 4b shows how the system portions relate to the tongue groove portion 4b in a straight line in the direction of the chair 4a.

Figure 28 illustrates a further variation of the aforementioned principle which is not part of the invention. Here, the coupling system is formed with closing surfaces which are 9tF relative to the HP surface plane and which are substantially larger than the angle TL1. However, in such an advantageous fitting system, or fitting system, however, it is possible to open up the closing surfaces, which are extremely small, and the connection is essentially linear. If the core is hard, such a joint system provides very high strength. The closure design and the locking surfaces allow for snap-in with extremely small downward bending of the lower lip as indicated by the dashed line in the figure.

A 27a, - ~ c. Figs. procedure. To make this description more readable, we refer to one floor element as a groove element to another; affair, as I love. In practice, floor panels determine where my tongue is combined with other sites, where the

Nose. A gifted laying method is applied to the substrate either along two or three sides of the self-tongue, in line at body, The groove body is laid with the upper lip 39 so that the upper lip 39 is partially over the outer portion of the tongue 38. to each other. Subsequently, the groove member is turned toward the base while pressing against the tab edge of the tongue until a final closure is achieved: FIG. .

The sides of the floor sometimes have a certain amount of deflection. The groove 10 is then pressed or stretched downward until the upper lip portions 39 are in contact with certain portions of the tongue 8 or upward portions and the lower lip portions 48 are in contact. with parts of the lower part of the tongue. This way the page can be straightened and then the elements are finalized

27a. - c. Figures 1 to 8 are non-part of the method of bending the insert into a gap, either paste-to-tongue-to-tongue contact, or line between tongue and tongue-and-groove:

Because of the line contact, the line contact is shown at points F4, P7 in this embodiment, the inward bending can be easily accomplished without encountering significant resistance and can be completed by extremely tight closure which closes the floor elements in their final position resulting in extremely high quality vertical and horizontal locking.

2S In summary, downward bending in practice can be accomplished by moving the honmyel down with the tongue at an angle, moving the tongue groove over the tongue, pushing the groove body towards the tongue and gradually bending down, for example, by applying pressure and then to both edges. When the upper connecting edges 0 are closed or in contact with each other along the entire length of the element and the element is kept at a certain angle to the substrate, the final downward bending may take place.

Once the elements have been combined, they can be disassembled in their closed position in the direction of closure, i.e. in parallel with the attached safe

53-

28a. "'· She. Figures 1 through 4 do not show that the brain is properly laid out so that

I show ink-jet exposed connections. When moving the elements horizontally towards each other, the tongue is introduced into the groove. During the subsequent continuous pressure, the lower lip 40 bends and the closure member 8 snaps into the closing groove or undercut groove 35. It should be emphasized that a key feature of a preferred coupling system is the snap-in where the bottom is flexible. The coupling system must, of course, have the material bent, moistened and deep at the base of the tower, and the height of the closure 8 and the thickness of the lower lip 48 must be properly dimensioned so that insertion can be accomplished. The basic principle of the coupling system according to the invention is that it is much more advantageous to use materials which are less elastic and flexible, and this will be apparent from the following description and Figure 34.

The investment methods described may be all of these: they may be executed along the four sides and may be combined with one another. After one side has been laid, there is usually a lateral displacement in the closed position.

In some cases, for example, when the shorter side is first connected inwardly, the upward bending of the two elements usually occurs.

Fig. 30 shows a first member, a second upwardly bent second member 2a, and an upwardly curved new third floor member 2b, which is already connected to the second floor member 2b along its short bik side. After the new floorboard 2b has been laterally displaced along the short side of the second member 2a in an upwardly curved and shorter position in its closed position, the two floorboard members 2a, 2b are bent downwardly and closed along the long side of the first member. wishes that the new floor element 2b be inserted with its tongue into the tongue groove, whereby the element is slid parallel to the second tongue 2a and when the handle of the second element 2a is at least partially inserted into the tongue groove and with upper contact edge. 30 shows that the bucket interlock system is

54 can be made: with such a tongue groove design, tongue: and a closure means that it is possible.

All laying procedures require ethos lubrication in a closed position. The only exception is the lateral; in the case of offset in a closed position, it is a case of joining a plurality of elements along their shorter sides and then laying a whole row at a time. However, this is not a wise investment procedure.

c a combined lure A non-part of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. designed flooring element. The groove portion 35 and 38 may be formed according to one of the embodiments described above. The lower part of the groove element is provided with a known 6 which has a connecting element 8b and a plurality of locking surfaces. There are 35 sets of spruce feathers, one

According to a known embodiment. In this embodiment, with the relatively large upper portion 9 of the member 8b, it acts as an extra guide in the first portion of upward and inward bending and greatly facilitates this first phase of inward bending when positioning and any form of banana occurs. pay. The connector 8b provides automatic positioning and squeezing of the bench members until the leading portion of the tongue contacts the undercut groove 35 and the final closure is not completed. Installation is much easier and the connection will be extremely strong thanks to the interaction of the two interface systems. This connection is extremely suitable for connecting large floors, especially in public areas. In the example shown, the tape 8 is connected to the groove side but could also be connected to the tongue side. The positioning of the tape 5 is thus arbitrary. Furthermore, the connection can be both snap-in and upwardly folded and laterally displaced when closed.

Of course, the connection may be used in various variations on the long and shorter sides, and may advantageously be combined with other linking variations described herein and with other known systems.

A convenient combination is a snap-in system on the short solution without an atomic tape. This may, in some cases, facilitate production. A tape that is fastened after manufacture also has the advantage that it may be all or part of the lower lip ~ 55 ~. This is due to the extremely high angle design of the cutting tools and the fact that the upper lips 39 and the resulting locking surfaces have a large locking angle, of course.

It can also be made with a tape 8 of any kind that does not protrude from the top 33

for.

as can be seen in the embodiment shown in Fig. 50, the tape need not be continuous. It should also be continuous over the entire length of the bond, but may consist of a number of small portions that are spaced at intervals along the long and short sides.

The connecting member Sh and its 35 undercut grooves can be formed with different angles, heights and radii, which can be selected arbitrarily to either prevent separation and / or to facilitate inwarding or snaping.

32a, - d, which are not part of the invention. Figures 3 to 5 show in four steps how to implement inward translation. The wide ribbon 8 allows the tongue 38 to be easily tucked onto the ribbon: at the onset of taping. The tongue is then inserted into the groove portion 38 substantially parallel to the downward bend. Corresponding alignment can take place by inserting the strip 8 under the tongue. All of the braking functions described above can be applied to floor elements having this advantageous combined system. 33 and FIG. 34, which are not part of the present invention, describe and illustrate a manufacturing specific and optimized connection system, particularly for a floor element having a wooden core. It made. Figure 33 shows how to make the longer side. In this case, the coupling system is optimized primarily for turning inwards, upside down and low material hazard. Figure 34 illustrates how to make the shorter side. In this case, the coupling system is optimized for snap-in and high strength. The differences are as follows. The tongue 38 and the closure member of the shorter connector 5a are longer, measured in a horizontal plane. This results in higher shear stress for the closures 8. The groove portion 38 is deeper on the lid 5b, which facilitates downward adjustment of the lower lip. The closure 8 is in front of the connector 5a, which reduces the amount of downward lip folding during insertion. The closing surfaces 45, 85 have a larger closing fabric and the lower contact surfaces have a smaller angle. The leading portions of the edge portions 4a, 4b on the closure member and closure grooves are larger for optimum guidance, while at the same time the contact areas between the closure surfaces are smaller, since the strength requirements are lower than for the shorter side. The attachment system on the longer and shorter sides may consist of different materials or properties of different properties in the upper lip, such that

lower lip and tongue, and lead to the optimization of the various properties required for the blk and shorter sides, at least as to the function and how the non-inventive system of Fig. 35, which is not part of the Invention, can be developed in detail. both the long and the shorter side. Here, only the parts that have not been described in more detail are described.

The closing surfaces 45, 55 have HLA angles that are larger than ILI

This results in a higher horizontal closing force. This over bending should be addressed for the core wood as well as the elastic rigidity of the core.

sag es ós for the inward and upward translation. The contact surfaces of the sealing surfaces must be a minimum of 25 and set in a manner consistent with the core properties.

When the pawls are connected, a small portion, preferably smaller than the vertical deflection of the closure member, forms the contact surfaces of the closure member 8 and the contact faces of the closure groove 14. Partially rounded and oblique guide surfaces that are not in contact with each other when enclosed and inclined inwards and upwards.

It will be appreciated that extremely small contact surfaces with respect to the floor thickness T between the closing surfaces 45, 85, for example, will result in a closing force of 0.1 mm several times and that this closing force will

the tensile strength of the closure member in a horizontal plane (i.e., the HF surface plane). This can be used to create locking surfaces with an angle

In this case, the closing surfaces 45, 85 are planar and parallel. In particular, the closing surface 31 of the closing groove is advantageous.

the tool is shifted parallel to the locking surface 45, which does not affect the vertical distance facing the VP contact: flat and makes it easier to achieve a very high quality connection. Of course, small deviations from the plane have the same or equivalent effect. Accordingly, the lower support sleeve S0 and the lower support bracket 71 are made with an angle VLA 2 which in this case is j such as P? The line tangent to TL2 drawn at 1 to 4 is located on the support surface 71 closest to the lower part of the tongue groove. As a result, the inward translation can be accomplished with a certain slit 15, in fact, when moving across the entire angle. The support surfaces 50, 71 are also relatively small in relation to the floor thickness T. These support surfaces may also be substantially planar. The flat support surfaces facilitate the implementation of the principles described above.

The support surfaces 50, 71 may also be made such that the hair 20 is smaller than the inclination angle of the TL2. This can be accomplished in part by compressing the material to some extent and folding the lower lip 40 downward. If the support surfaces 50, 71 are small in relation to the floor thickness T, the possibility that the surfaces are

with a angle greater than or equal to TL1 and greater than Tt 25.

The base member of FIG. 30, which is not part of the invention. We can see an upward bending of the element III, the floor of which has a geometric shape and whose closing surfaces are thus formed as large as the TL1 tangent and which are inclined like the TL2 tangent, so that they are relatively small. The overlapping of the P4 and P7 dots for inward and upward translation is therefore extremely small. Point P4 can be folded there

the tendons of the tendon pressed against the upper contact edges and the points F4, K3, K4, while at the top 39 the half of the point P4. In the opposite direction of the lower lip, the lip 83 and the tongue 38 can be folded down ? contact

IS This is a silly tie

The upper surfaces 43, 64 are preferably perpendicular to the contact plane VP.

The manufacture can be substantially facilitated if the upper and lower support surfaces are in the same plane and preferably horizontal.

again not part of the invention; 35. For example, the stone cavity C1 shows that the upper support bar may be formed in different ways inside the circular arc C1 without affecting the ability to tilt and feepaffinic. In the same way, the arc C2 azf shows that the inner part of the tongue groove and the outer part of the tongue can be formed in several different ways on the basis of the aforementioned arcuates, without being angled and punctured! would be affected.

The upper lip 39 is thicker along the entire width than the lower lip 40. It is extremely advantageous in terms of space, In addition, it is advantageous for parquet flooring, which can result in a counter surface.

The areas 31 - SS where the contact surfaces are superimposed, the connection surfaces on both sides must contact at least

20; connected, but preferably during inward translation. Also, the relationship between the tongue and the tongue groove in these Ski - SS ranges only partially improves the closure in the Ai direction and hardly contributes to the closure wa D2 ir causes lateral slippage and unnecessary ~ 2S manufacturing problems, and even increases the risk of squeaking and unpleasant effects as floor elements

The tool nail TA, shown in FIG. 1A to 4A, formed by the guide member 44 and the same as shown in FIG. acts as the angle of the locking surface, and also a portion of this tool which is located within the vertical plane in the direction of the tongue groove in the width perpendicular to the tool nail TA, designated TT. The tool angle TA and the width TT partially determine the shape of the surface 52 of the lower lip 40

Numerous angles and ratios are extremely important for optimal manufacturing process, operation, cost and robustness.

Connecting surfaces should be minimized. This reduces friction and facilitates moving or sliding in the closed position, as well as bending up and down and wood and decreasing with swelling and squeaking

the gemstone breaks out10

The possibility of a jaw. In a preferred embodiment, the tongue 38 engages less than 30% of the surface portions of the tongue surface portions. In this embodiment, the contact surfaces of the sealing surfaces 85, 45 represent only 2% of the floor T thickness and the lower support struts 10 only 10% of the floor thickness. As mentioned above, the coupling system in this embodiment has a plurality of Ski-SS portions which form free surfaces. The space between these free surfaces and the other elements of the connection system can also be filled with adhesive, insulating material, impregnating agent of various kinds, lubricant and the like within the scope of the invention. By free surfaces, we mean the surfaces in the connection system obtained by machining with a suitable cutting tool.

If the connection or contact is tight: fitting, the closing surfaces 85, 45 may prevent horizontal separation even if their HLA angle to the HP horizontal plane is greater than ≤ However, the tensile strength of the connection system is greatly increased if this locking angle becomes greater and there is the angle difference into 45, 65 sealing surfaces and the bottom HLA zárásszőge _salt: between 71 támasztófeiöletek VLA2 fitting angle, phenyl that this angle is smaller. If high strength is not required, the top of the closure may be formed with small angles and small angular differences with respect to the lower fitting.

üle-

The high quality parts and the lower HLA-filled VLA2 support surface are approx. 20 * delete to be determined, HLA angle and HLA ~ VLA2 angles still live

for floating floors, for example, HLA z has a relative angle strength of 30 *. 35, in the preferred embodiment, the closure angle is 50 '^; and the angle of the support plates is 20 *. As we have seen in the previous embodiment, the angled-type coupling system can be designed?

Too.

It is conceivable that a very high quality coupling system could be provided with lock angles between 40 and 55 'and support angles between Q and 25'. However, we must emphasize that other ratios may result in satisfactory operation.

The horizontal extension of the tongue PA also increases 1/3 of the thickness T of the floor element, and is preferably about 1/3 of the thickness T. Must be around 0.5 * T. This closure member 5 is required for a strong outlet having a guide portion which is made of a suitable material which is achievable in the upper lip 39 between the closure surface 85 and the vertical VP.

The horizontal extension PA of the tongue 33 can be divided into two substantially equal portions FAI and PA2, where FAI forms the closure member and the larger word PA2 may form the surface 54. The horizontal dimension PA1 of the closure 8 must not be less than ,2 times the thickness of the floor. The surface 84 should not be large, in particular along the long side of the floor member. Otherwise the lateral offset friction will be too high. For a reasonable production, the tongue groove G is deep

2% we several. so that as the tongue PA protrudes from the connection plane VP, the minimum distance between the floor surface around the undercut groove 35 and the upper lip should be greater than the minimum distance between the lower support surface 71 and the lower lip of the back of the floor element. floor thickness T must be 0.1 times,

37a which is not part of the invention. - c. Figures 1 to 5 show a base element according to the invention. In particular, this embodiment shows that the coupling system on the shorter side may consist of different materials, or different types of wooden doors 38b, 3e and may differ from the core 30 on the long side. For example, the portions 38 of the short sides may be made of harder and more resilient wood, such as the tongue 38, which may be hard and rigid and may have additional properties, or those that differ from its length. On the shorter side for the 38 groove portions

s. such as 3o f

hang which elastic tongue is designed, This is especially suitable for parquet floors which *

they have a layered core, wherein the top and bottom sides are made of different species of wood, and the core consists of blocks that are glued together. This design offers a great deal of variation in terms of material fat and its most appropriate functional strength and production cost; create.

It is also doubtful that materials can be varied along one side, such as blocks that are arranged between two shorter sides of different wood or material so that some of them can be selected based on their proper properties, which improves the lean body, strength, etc. Different properties can be achieved with different filament directions on the long and short solutions, and plastics can be applied on the shorter side and, for example, on different parts of the long side.

formed from plywood of various sheets or sheets of plywood, these layers may be formed so that the upper lip, tongue and lower lip can be formed on both sides of the longitudinal and short sides with different material composition and fiber orientation, which contributes to achieving various properties in terms of strength, flexibility and machinability.

38a, -d which are not part of the invention. Figures 1 to 5 show a manufacturing process according to the invention. In the embodiments shown, the contact edge is manufactured or machined and the tongue groove machined in four steps. The tools used have a tool diameter greater than the thickness of the floor, The tools are used to form a subframe set groove with a large locking angle in a tongue groove with a lower lip that extends beyond the subframe groove.

In order to simplify understanding and comparison with the connection systems described above, the edges of the floor elements are shown with the floor upwards. Normally, however, the floor elements are arranged face down with their surface during machining. The first IFI tool is a rough milling tool that operates at an angle TA1 to the horizontal plane. The second tool TP2 is formed horizontally also by a working hef and the upper and lower support brackets. The third tool TA3 can operate substantially vertically, but also at an angle, or at some angle, and forms an upper flap.

The critical tool is the TP4 which forms the outer part of the locking groove and its locking surface. TA4 is half the ΤΆ shown in Figure 35. As is evident from Fig. 38d, this tool only removes a minimal amount of material and essentially forms the sealing surface at a high angle. .In order to prevent the tool from coming out of space, it must be formed with a wide section that extends beyond the vertical plane. In addition, the amount of material to be removed should be as small as possible to minimize wear and tear on the tool. This, in particular, by designing the milling tool TP1 and choosing the right angle, thus, the machining process requires at least two machining cutting tips operating at two different angles to form an undercut undercut groove 35 in the upper portion of the groove portion 38. Using the Tongue Groove with More Tools It is possible to train the tools in different order20

The object of the present disclosure is to further detail the method of forming a groove 38 in a floor element having an upper surface 2 in an HP surface plane and an edge portion 4a having a VP connection plane perpendicular to its upper side. It starts from the edge portion 4a and is defined by two lower lips 39, 40, each of which has a free exterior.

one lip, the tongue groove 35 has an undercut groove 35 which forms a locking surface 45 and is further away from the connecting plane of the VP than the surface 52 of the other lip. The process involves machining with a number of rotary cutting tools having a diameter greater than the thickness T of the floor element. During the process brewing, the molding tools and the floor member are forced relative to one another relative to each other and parallel to the joining edge of the floor member. Extremely characteristic of the process is to create a sub-cut py 1j by means of at least two such cutting tools, whose axis of rotation is at different angles to the upper side 2 of the floor element: 2) further driving a first tool of these tools to form parts of the undercut; which are farther from the VP connection plane than. 4) closing surface of the undercut to be formed: and 3) a second tool is driven to form the closing surface 45 of the undercut. The first of the tools is rotated about an axis of rotation which has a greater angle to the upper side 2 of the floor member than said second tool. The lower lip 40 may be configured to extend beyond the VP coupling plane. The lower lip 40 may be configured to extend beyond the VP coupling plane. Alternatively, the lower lips 40 may also be formed by rotating the first tool biased from the plane of attachment VP to a certain angle b up to 85 ° relative to the HP surface plane. The second tool: in a preferred embodiment, is driven by its axis of rotation

and the tools are positioned so that the order depends on the angle of rotation and the angle of rotation of the HP surface plane so that the axis of rotation at the higher angle is mahkálía it. before the tool with the minor axis ina.

Furthermore, a single tool is used to form the first element with the io element

The lower portions of the 36 groove portions. This is the third tool: it contacts between the second tool. The third tool is set to close about 9 9 ° with the HP surface plane 3 and the first tool can be driven by machining a wider surface portion of the edge portion 4a of the floor member 4a than the second tool. the surface facing the HP surface plane is formed so that the tool profile thickness is smaller when viewed parallel to the axis within the radially outer parts of the tool. Furthermore, the

among the tools, the noise is actuated so that they are in different settings to form undercut portions of the tongue groove. The tools can be used to work with wood or wood-based pressed floor elements.

Figure 38, which is not part of the invention, illustrates how to design a coupling system to enhance swelling compensation. As the relative humidity increases as the weather turns warm, the surface 32 swells and the 4h lacks elasticity, the windshield beams surfaces can break. This problem can be solved, and the connection system is designed to be made separately. and in combination with each other, <*

The interface system can be designed in this way. so that play should be done when the connecting edges are pressed horizontally under slump, for example, under production conditions and normal A few centimeters of backlash will solve or reduce the problem. A negative backlash, or initial tension, may lead to the opposite effect.

If the contact surface between the sealing surfaces 45, 65 is small, the joint system may be formed so that the sealing surfaces are more easily compressed than the upper surfaces 41, 61. The closure 8 may be formed with a groove 64a between the closure surface and the upper horizontal surface 64. By properly designing the tongue 38 and the closure member 8, the tip 69 of the tongue may be bent outwardly to the end 48 of the tongue groove. in terms of surface layers.

In this embodiment, the lower support seal faces of the coupling system are parallel to the horizontal plane for maximum vertical closure. However, it is also possible to achieve the expansion capability by using a compressible material, for example, between the two closure surfaces 45, 85, or by selecting a compressible material as the material of the tongue or part of the groove.

Fig. 40 illustrates a connection system according to the invention optimized for high tensile stiffness 38 '. In this case, the outer part of the tongue is in contact with the inner part of the tongue groove. If this coupling surface is small and if the contact is formed without very high compression in the movable closed position of the coupling system,

Fig. 41 shows a connection system where the lower support surfaces 5, 71 have two angles. The parts of the out-of-plane contact pads are parallel to the horizontal plane. The angle within the plane of contact closest to the inner part of the tongue groove corresponds to the tangent to the surface 32, which is tangent to the innermost pe30 of the supporting surfaces

Λ ***

OS excellent tangents, Zero surfaces have relatively small closing angles, The strength can be quite strong because the lower shafts 40 can be hard and rigid and the angle difference between the parallel portions of the support surfaces 50, 71 is large. In this embodiment, the lock surfaces 45, 65 also function as the upper support surface δ. The coupling system has no upper support surfaces other than the closing surfaces, which are k.

horse concentration

42 a which is not part of the invention. and 42b. 6 to 9 show or show a connection system for closing the short sides of the floor members, which has a high tensile strength even for softer materials, since the closure member 8 has a high horizontal force absorbing front face. The tongue 38 has a lower portion which extends beyond the circumferential arc C2 and thus does not follow the inward deflection as described above. FIG. 4A also illustrates that the flap system is flipped upwardly about its upper contact edge, since the closure member of the flap 38, after this first upward flap, leaves the tongue with a horizontal wetting. The principles I have just described are with inward translation and upwards h

around the upper attachment edges. They are satisfied to facilitate the upward reversal as long as the attachment system safe is not engaged by various other means, for example, by pulling or squeezing it out or even doing both when the lower lip 40 is bent.

43a which is not part of the invention. - ~ p. Figures 1 to 5 show the principle of how the lower part of the tongue is formed relative to the lower lip 40 to facilitate horizontal snap-in according to the invention with a coupling system in which the locking grooves are disposed in a rigid upper lip 39 and an elastic lower lip 40 . In this embodiment, the upper lip 39 is significantly stiffer due, among other things, to the fact that it may be thicker or harder and still

six, The lower lip 40 can be vexonyaoo and softer, and the oepae essential bending is therefore performed on the lower lip 40. The snap-in can be made considerably easier by, among other things, the maximum bending of the lower lip 49, which bending is so much restricted. as much as possible. THE

Fig. 43a shows that the lower lip 40 is incremented to a maximum

66 to a bend Β1 level defined by the tongue 36 which is inserted into the harrow portion 36 so that the rounded guide portions are in contact. As the insert portion 36 is further inserted, the front slot 49 is inclined rearward until the head is inserted into the final h

and in the slant of the closure 8 into the undercut groove 35. The front portion 46 of the tongue 33 may be configured such that the lower lip 40 is not biased downward and is instead pressed downward by the support surface 59. This anterior portion 49 of the tongue must be shaped to either touch or move away from the maximum flexion level of the lower lip 40 when this lower lip 49 is bent out of the outer portion of the support surface 59 of the tongue 68. If the shape of the tongue 88, which in this position overlaps the lower lip 40, which is provided by the dashed line 49b, the bend 82 is shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 1, it may be significantly larger. This

Surli system may cause him to stumble on the pan and you will lose the bond. shows that the maximum bending can be delimited by the groove portions 15 and the tongue 38 when formed. that there is 84 spaces between the lower lip 48 and the front 49 of the tongue,

Horizontal snaps after closure along the long side can be interpreted as relating to snaps on the shorter side. When squeezing the long side, it is possible that the connector of the present invention is snap-on or powered by a floor panel that is tilted upwards. This upwardly inclined snap position is shown in FIG. Only a very small bend 83 of the lower lip 49 is needed to contact the guide surface 68 of the closure member with the guide member 44 of the closure, so that the closure subsequently fits downwardly into the notch 35.

Figures 45 to 50, which are not part of the invention, illustrate various variations of the invention that can be applied along the side of revenge and the shorter side, and which can be formed with large cutting tools. By using modern fabrication techniques, it is possible to formulate the complex materials of the invention by machining the flooring material at low cost. It should be noted that the geometric designs shown may, of course, also be formed, for example, by molding, in this embodiment and in the drawings. but this process is generally significantly more expensive than machining and is inappropriate for the more bulky subfloor material commonly used in floors.

A 45a., 45b. Figures 6 to 9 show a connection system according to the invention, wherein the cavity portion of the tongue 38 is foldable. This bendability is achieved in this way. to tip the tongue. In the swelling serum, the lower lip 40 is inclined downward and the outer lower portion of the tongue 38 is inclined upward.

48a. and Figures 48b and 4b show a connection system according to the invention having a slit tongue. During swelling, the two parts of the tongue bend towards each other while the two lips bend in different directions.

These two coupling systems allow for upward and downward bending and inward and outward bending for assembly and disassembly

47a. and 47b. Figures 6 to 8 show a combined bandage, wherein a separate portion 40b forms a protruding portion of the lower lip and where this portion may be flexible. The lower lip, which forms part of the core, is formed with its support surface so that the snap-in occurs without the lip being driven or folded. Only the protruding separate part, which can be made of aluminum sheet, is elastic. The attachment system can also be designed so that both parts of the lip are elastic.

Figures 48a and 48b show a joint snap-in where the lower lip is made up of two parts and where only the discrete shape forms the supporting surface. This attachment system can be used, for example, along the short sides with some other attachment systems of the invention. The advantage of this connection system is, for example, that the undercut groove 35 can be formed in a rational manner with a high degree of freedom and that large cutting tools can be used to form it. After machining, part 40b is connected and its shape does not affect machining ability. Part 40b is flexible and has no closure member in this embodiment. A further advantage is that the attachment system allows the attachment of extremely thin core materials as the lower lip can be made extremely thin. For example, the core material may be a thin compact plywood, and the top and bottom layers may be relatively thicker, such as cork or soft web material, to provide a soft and sound absorbent floor. By using this technology, it is possible to combine core material that

6δ about 2 m compared to the norm like 7 mm, with the thickness not so it is expected that this bond v <

Iw which increase. It can also be used with Myilaeyags,

Figures 49 and 50 illustrate two combined rope variants that can be used in conjunction with other advantageous systems. Fig. 49 is a combination bandage in an embodiment where the strip forms a protruding elastic tongue and the system functions similar to that shown in Fig. 45. Fig. 50 illustrates this composite bandage 10 which may be formed by a connecting member 8b. A portion 40b which is disposed inside the connection plane.

The figures 51a, - f, which do not form part of the invention, utilize a laying method for joining the operating room according to the invention: which the runner case is to provide horizontal connection, upward bending,

IS is used in combination with the upward bent position and the downward bent position. This laying method is applicable to the floor elements according to the invention, but can also be applied to any mechanical joining system for floors which have the characteristics which permit the application of this laying method. To simplify the description, the laying process will be referred to as a single floor element mutated and combined with another floor element called the floor element. In practice, floor mats are the same. Nyiivánva-

which can be grooved in the groove in the whole order of order so that the tongue d in the same way.

the tongue edge portion 4a and the groove portion edge portion 4b are initially positioned in the position 51a. as shown on the socket. The tongue 38 and the groove portion 38 have locking means which show vertical and horizontal divergence. Consequently, the edge portion 4b is offset horizontally relative to the edge portion 4a in the FI direction until the tongue 38 is in contact with the groove portion 36 and until the lower and upper tongue portions are at least partially aligned with the portion 51b. Fig. 4a shows the tongue groove. This first operation forces the connecting edges of the floor elements to occupy the same relative vertical position over the entire length of the floor element and consequently any Iv-shaped deviation can be straightened.

69 As I move my groove toward my tongue, the connecting edge on the bun element slightly rises up in this position. A. Edge 4b is then bent upward with a S1 angular motion while being held in contact with the tongue or possibly pressed in the FI direction toward edge 4a as shown in FIG. 51c. When the edge portion 4b reaches an angle SA with respect to the substrate, which corresponds to the upwardly folded hepstine tree position, on the mat shown in Figure 44, and as described above, the edge portion 4b can be moved toward the portion 4a so that 61 the surfaces are in contact with each other, and the tongue locking elements are partially inserted into the tongue groove locking elements by a snap,

This insertion action in an upwardly curved position is such that the outer portions of the tongue groove expand and then become water-springy. The expansion juice is less than if the filling was done in a horizontal position. The tine angle SA depends on the force with which the elements are pressed against one another during bending of the edge portion 4b 15 upwards. If the compression force in the Fi direction is high, the elements will snap into each other at a smaller angle SA than if the force were less. A feature of the insertion situation is that the closure means are guided to implement their shape. When the elements are banana-shaped, they are 20 and close to the line of hepat ink, edge portion 4b, to the connecting edge IS by a combination of downward pressure and angular motion S2, as shown in Fig. 51e, and locked to its final position. This 5 ff. Figure

Depending on the training of the joint, it is also talented to determine with high precision 25 the snap angle SA which provides the best result with respect to the requirement that the snap must be applied with reasonable force and that the guide portions of the closures must be in contact. each other to eliminate or hold together any shape of banana so that the final closure can take place without any risk of damage to the coupling system,

Floor panels can be laid in one advantageous embodiment of the laying method without any aids. In some cases, laying may be facilitated if performed with appropriate aids in S2a and 52b. In accordance with the invention, the grass has a perforated forehead, a febet, and a lower side 81, which when inserted into the subfloor element.

which is so sublime lifted by the Upper

8-2 stop edge which is in half folded position and is in contact with the slot element safe. When the print of 80 is inserted under the groove element so that the stop edge 82 is in contact with the flap member, the groove element can then be adjusted to a predetermined snap angle. The tongue groove can now be snapped into the tongue tongue. or hit us. Of course, the yeast wood can be moved to different parts of the floor element. It is also obvious that this can be accomplished in combination with other pressures that are exerted on other parts of the floor element by means of a number of joining trees, and by the use of various aids which are similar

For example, with an auxiliary angle adjusting element for the lifting of the ivy and other such auxiliary devices for compression, the same procedure can be used to align the groove side of the new floor element with the tongue of the already laid floor element.

The description will be further supported by an examination of various aspects of the laying aid or tool. Such a tool for laying floor elements by engaging the tongue and groove of the floor elements in the autumn may be formed as a press tree 80 having an abutment edge 82 in contact with the divider portions 4a, 4b which are the contact edges of the floor element.

The tool may be formed, for example, as a bed as a wedge which may be placed underneath the floor element and a stop edge 82 provided close to the thicker end of the wedge, the stop edge 82 of tool A may be concavely curved so that the ophthalmic elements 4a, 4b Further, the wedge S1 of the wedge and the stop edge 82 are formed so as to burn a predetermined lifting angle with respect to the floor member when it is raised with the press member 80 and the contact edge of the floor member is in contact with the stop member 82. The abutment edge 82 of the tread 80 may be formed to strike the edge portion 4b having a tongue 38 which is inclined upwardly and serves to engage with a tongue 38 in contact with the tongue 38 of the previously laid floor member71.

The opposite edge portion 4a of the floor element vibrates. Alternatively, the wedge edge 82 of the wedge may strike a chair 4a with a notch cut so that it is curved with the inclined tongue 38 so that the floor member has carbon on the other opposite edge 4b.

The tool described above can be used by meohanics for flooring elements by lifting the flooring element to the other than the subsequent connection and to connect the mechanical connection system for the flooring elements. The tool may be used to mechanically connect such a floor member 10 to another floor member to assist their mechanical lynching system while the floor member is raised. Further, the tool also utilizes a leading edge 82 of the wedge to abut the edge portion 4fo, which has a tongue 38 disposed obliquely to fit into a groove portion 38 capable of contacting the tongue 38 of a pre-laid floor member the opposite side of the floor element 4a

sen va n. The tool is also such that the wedge 82 of the wedge is in contact with an edge portion 4a having a groove portion 38 to engage a tongue 38 inclined upwardly at an opposite edge portion 4b of a floor member on which the floor member 38 is already laid. has a tongue.

Fig. 53, which is not part of the invention, illustrates how the floor elements 2a, 2b, after being assembled along their longitudinal sides, can be disassembled in the closed position F2 so that the other two sides can be joined together in a horizontal direction.

In an upright position, snaps can occur on both the longitudinal and short sides. If the floor member is first connected to the shorter side, then its longitudinal side is also flushed upwardly at an angle of inclination by raising this floor member at the shorter side of the closed member so as to reach the snap angle. This is followed by the tilt angle, while the closed position moves along the shorter side. After snaps in, my lower leg is folded down and is then secured along both the short sides and the long side.

• 72

Further, Figures 53 and 54, which are not part of the invention, illustrate a problem that often assesses the snaping of two short sides of two floor elements 2a, 2b, which have already been saved with their first longitudinal sides when the element 2a is desired.

which are the inner rock 91, 92 • η 1 a 2b lower than the longitudinal side of the first floor member 1, braking in the same plane, This is due to the fact that the two floor members 2a, 2b are connected along their respective longitudinal sides to the same floor member 1 54b. FIG. 4A is a sectional view C3-C4, further, that the tongue 38 cannot be inserted into the groove portion 33 to begin the downward passage of the lower lip 40. Along the longitudinal side of the outer corner portions 93, 94 in section C1-C2 of Fig. 54a, the tongue 38 may be inserted into the groove portion 38 to begin lowering the lower lip 40 through the floor member 2b, which is automatically raised. according to the height of the 8 closing members,

We have found that the problem of snapping the lateral displacement of the inner corner portions is the main problem when this displacement is carried out in the same plane, and that these problems cause a high snap resistance and

The problem can be avoided by proper connection design and by the selection of materials that are capable of deforming and suppressing at many points in the connection parts.

If such a specially trained connection system is used, our snapper will do the following. During horizontal eosistaph, the guide surfaces 42, 68 of the tongue and the upper shape cooperate and force the tongue closure 8 under the outer part of the upper lip 39. The tongue bends down and the upper lip bends upwards. This is indicated by arrows which are not part of the invention 54b. FIG. In Figure 53, the inner corner portion 92 is pressed upwardly by the lower lip 40 on the longitudinal side of the floor member 2b which is bent and the inner corner portion 91 is depressed by the upper lip located on the longitudinal side of the upwardly sloping member 2a. The fitting system should be configured so that the result of these deformations is so large that the closure member can slip along the upper lip and snap into the closure groove. Obviously, it must be possible for the groove portion 36 to expand during hepatoprinting. It is not obvious that the tongue can have the advantage of a generally rigid, tip-shaped bending mode for insertion. Such an embodiment is shown in Fig. 55, which is not part of the invention. The groove 83 may be made at the upper and lower part of the tongue from the inside of the vertical plane VP, e.g.

Figures 56 and 57, which are not part of the invention, illustrate the bending of the infill connection system for the inner corner portions 91 ₁ 92 (Fig. 57) and the outer corner portions 93, 94 (Fig. 58) for two floor elements 2a, 10 2b. , To simplify production, only the thin lip and tongue seem to bend. Frequently, any element that is under pressure is compressible and suppressed with varying degrees of thickness, flexibility, and material composition.

ISAs 58a, 57a and 57a which are not part of the invention. Figures 6 to 8 show a position where the edges of the floor elements come into contact with one another. The attachment system is configured such that, even in this position, the outermost tip of the tongue 38 is inside the outer portion of the lower lip 48. , the tongue 38 at the inner corner portion 91.92 depresses the base member 2b upwards, which is not part of the invention. _s 57b. Figures 57c and 57b, which are not part of the invention, show that the tongue 38 is inclined downwardly at the inner corner portion 91, 92. According to Fig. 56c, which is not part of the invention, at the outer corner of chair 93, 94, the tongue 38 is inclined upward and the lower lip 40 is inclined downward. 58d, 57d, which are not part of the invention. As shown in Figs. 57d, this penetration continues as the floor elements move further towards each other and now the lower lip 40 folds at the inner corner portion 91, 92 as shown in Fig. 57d. 58e, 5e, which are not part of the invention. Figs. The bepat30 ink is thus considerably easier when the tongue 38 is flexible and when the outer portion of the tongue 38 is inside the outer portion of the lower lip 48 when the tongue and this groove come into contact with each other as the floor elements are snapped into one another. it happens that the deck elements are already sealed along two other sides.

Of course, many other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the present invention. The inventor has produced and tested numerous variants of various parts of the connection system with different widths, lengths, thicknesses, angles, and machined flooring materials of various materials, including homogeneous plastic and wood elements.

In particular, the connection system was tested with its upper plane flush with the snap and positioning of the tongue and groove elements relative to each other, as well as the various combinations of systems described herein, and combinations of prior art systems with the short, short side both. The joint systems have been developed where the locking surfaces are upper contact surfaces and where the tongue and the groove have a plurality of locking elements and locking grooves, and wherein the lower lip and the lower part of the tongue are formed by horizontal locking elements form,

75BREAKFAST radio stuff (ί, Γ)? along a connecting plane (VP), wherein the floor members (1, Γ) have a core (30), a pedestal (2,32), a backside (34), and opposing lateral connecting edges (4a, 4b), one of which is a ridge ( 36) formed by upper and lower lips (39,40), further comprising a lower side (48), and the other connecting edge (4b) being formed as a tongue (33) having an upward allele portion (3) at the end, furthermore, a tongue groove (36) as viewed in the joint plane (VP), an undercut groove (36) having an opening, an inner part (35) and an inner locking surface (45), and at least some of the lower lip (40). part (30) of the floor element (1, Γ) is formed in one piece and the tongue (38) has a closing surface (65) configured to cooperate with the tongue (36) in the tongue (36) of the adjacent floor element (1, Γ). inner closing surface (45) when the two floor elements (1, Γ) are mechanized connecting each other so that their walking surface (4a, 4b) is in the same plane and meets in a connecting plane (VP) perpendicular to the walking surface, analyzing that at least the lower side (48) of the tongue groove (35) viewed from the plane of contact (VP), it is spaced further from the outer end (69) of the tongue (38) and the inner closing surface (45) of the tongue (36) on the upper lip (39). within the underside portion (35) to cooperate with the closing surface (65) of the tongue (38) on the upward portion (8) of the tongue (38), and to extend the mechanically connected floor elements (1, 1 ') to the connection plane (VP) is formed in a perpendicular direction (D2), and the lower lip (40 extends beyond the plane of contact (VP) and:

the lower lip (40) having a support surface (50) formed at a distance from the lower end (36) of the undercut groove in cooperation with the corresponding support surface (71) disposed in the tongue (38), and said mechanically connected is constructed in a manner resilient to the relative displacement of the floor element (1, 1 ') perpendicular to the uppermost plane (HP) and the intersection of the lower lip (40) with respect to the point C at the intersection plane (W) portions of the core engaging with the plane on the 5 planes (LP2) farther from said point (C) than the plane parallel to the plane (LP2) and cooperating closure responses of the groove (36) and tongue (38) <45 _: 85) tangential to the closing plane (LPi), and which and where the closing faces (45, 85} are best tilted with respect to the upward plane (HP), and the upper and lower lips (39, 40); : the tongue (38) disposed at the connection edge (4a, 4b) is configured to allow the two mechanically connected floor elements (1, 13) to be uncoupled by positioning the floor elements (1, Γ) upwardly with respect to the other floor element; about a pivot point (C) close to the intersection line of the surface plane 15 (HP) and the joint glide (VP) for lingual lapping of the floor member (i'j (38) and the other floor member (1), and the lower and upper lips (39, 40) and the tongue (38) of the edges (4a, 4b) and the tongue (38) are configured to allow two floor elements (ί, 13 cases28) with two additional floor elements (1, Γ) is substantially in contact with one another and which floor member is inclined downwardly relative to the other to engage the tongue of one floor element (1, T) with the tongue of the other floor element (1, Γ). a point of rotation (C) close to the intersection of the surface plane (HP) and the plane of contact (VP).

Claims (46)

the undercut groove (38) and the tongue (38) being designed such that the floor element (fi, 1), which is mecbanically joined to a similar floor element, can be slid in one direction (D3) along the connecting plane (VP), The fitting system according to claim 1 or 2, the tip of the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (38) are configured to allow the brain floor element (1, V) to be connected and spread out to an additional attic space (1, Γ). ), that one floor element (1, V) is rotated relative to the other while maintaining contact with the floor elements (1,. T) at a point (C) at the contact edge of the floor panel (1, Γ), close to the intersection of the surface glue (HP) and the connection glue (VP), 4, 1-4. Linging system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tongue (38) and the submerged groove (38) are provided 5 to allow the lining panels (1, T) to be joined and disassembled by tilting one of the floor panels (1, T>) to the other while maintaining the connection between the two floor panels (1, Γ) at a point (C). ) at the contact edge of the floor elements (1, 1 '}, close to the seam line of the surface plane (HP) and the connection plane (VP) without substantially 10 contacts between the side of the tongue (38) facing the surface plane (HP) and the lower lip (40), 5, 1-4. The propulsion system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (38) are formed to allow the floor elements (f, 1 ') to be joined and uncoupled from one floor element (1 T) to another. relative rotation while maintaining the connection between the two floor members (1, Γ) at a point near the contact edge of the floor member (1, T) near the intersection line at which the surface glue (HP) and the connection glue (HP) VP) intersect at each other and are essentially in line contact with the tongue (38) Between the sides facing the surface plane (HP) and the sides facing the surface plane (HP) and the upper lip (39) and the lower lip (40), S. 1-5. A propulsion system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance between the closing glide (LP2) and a parallel glide (LP1) .. beyond which all the lower lip (40) attaches to the core (30). It has 25 parts, at least the thickness (T) of the base member (T). 7, The 1, - The fitting system according to any one of claims 8 to 8, characterized in that the closing surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) are at an angle to the surface plane (HP) which is smaller than W but less than 207. The Looping System according to claim 7, wherein: lip (39) closure surfaces (45, 85) and tongue (38) with surface plane (HP) 30 nails are closed. The fitting system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the undercut groove (38) and the tongue (38) are small 10% -78 that the outer end (69) of the tongue (38) is the contacting surfaces (45, 85) of the upper lip (38) and the tongue scarf and the lower lip (40) and the tongue cooperating support surface (SO. , 71) is arranged at a given distance from the undercut groove (36), that is. An insertion system according to claim 9, characterized in that any portion of the contact between the outer end (68) of the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (36) is smaller in vertical plane than the closing faces (45). 65) if lem ff, t) is mechanically connected. The joint system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the edges (4a) provided with the tongue (38) and the tongue groove (38), t) a cavity is formed to combine a floor element (1, Γ) between the edges (4a, 4b), measured from the upper edge to the lower edge of the floor element (1, V), against the edge surface of the tongue (38) up to 30% are along the surface tangent 15 12, 1-11. Fitting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, azaf ye / femmed. that the cooperating support faces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are parallel to or at an angle equal to or less than the tangent to a circular arc touching the brain a contacting support surface contacting one another is one 20 points closest to the underside of the undercut groove (48) and centered on a point (C) where the surface plane (HP) and the joint (VP) intersect when the floor edge (1. Γ) looking at a cross section13. The joint system of claim 12, wherein the cooperating interface surfaces of the tongue (30) and the lower lip (40) are arranged at an angle of 0 to 30 * with the surface plane (HP). The joint system of claim 13, wherein said tongue (38) and said lower lip (40) are mutually engaging. cooperating abutment (50, 71) are set at an angle of at least 10 ^j to the surface plane (HP). 15. At 13-14. An adapter system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) having an angle of not more than 2Ö ^{a with} the surface plane (HP), 16. The charcoal of claim 12, wherein the cooperating support surfaces of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are HP. 79 an angle substantially equal to the surface plane, which is tangent to a circular arc tangent to the support surfaces (58, 71) and centered on a point where the surface plane (HF) and the connection plane (VP) intersect at (see f). 5 The adapter system of claim 12, wherein the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are cooperative supports, the lips (50, 71) being at an angle greater than a surface plane (HP). a tangent to a circular arc tangential to the support surfaces which are in contact with one another at a point closest to the underside of the recess, and 10 whose center is a point where the surface plane (HF) and the connection plane (VF) intersect, The latching system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the cooperating support lips of the tongue and the lower lip (40) have a smaller angle with the surface plane (HF) than the barely-salt lip (39) and cooperating closing surfaces of the tongue (38). The locking system of claim 18, wherein the tongue (38) and the lower lip (≤400) are mutually cooperating with their supporting lips, inclined in the same direction, but at a smaller angle to the surface plane (RF); as the upper lip (39) and the tongue (20, 71) cooperating with each other (50, 71), 20. 12-12-19. Locking system according to any one of claims 1 to ^3, with an angle of 2? ³ greater that the support lugs (50, 7 ') close with the surface plane (HF) than the closing planes (45, 85), The lacing system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein a portion of the closing plane (45) of the upper lip (39) is closer to the underside (43) of the gluteal cavity than the support lugs (5, 71). part of, 22. A dressing system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the upper lip (39) and the tongue closure surfaces (45, 85) are substantially planar within at least the surface portions which prevent each other. make contact when two floor elements (1, Γ) are connected. 23. A pasting system according to claim 22, characterized in that the tongue (38) has a conductive surface disposed on the closing surface (85) of the tongue (38) when viewed from the connecting plane (VP). , and it has a smaller angle with the rim plane (HP) than with the zero theorems (85). 24. The Yawning System according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the upper lip (39) has a leading surface (42) which raises · 5 for opening the ace (35) as a closure surface (45) of the upper lip (39) and an angle to the surface plane (HP) as a closure surface (45) of the upper lip (39), 25. The lithium filter system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. with the lower lip (40) extending from the connecting plane (VP) to a certain distance 1.-25. According to any one of claims 1 to 4? the lower lip (40) being shorter than the upper lip (39) and terminating at a certain distance from the connecting plane (VP) and at least some of the support planes (50, 71) of the lower lip (40) and the tongue (38). are at a greater distance 15 from the plane of contact (VP) than the upper lip (39) and the tongue (45,65). 27. In Figures 1-25. The tongue system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the closing surface (55) of the tongue (38) is arranged at a distance of 0.1 times the thickness of the floor element (1, Γ). From 20 peaks (89), 28. 1, -27. A propulsion system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cooperating sealing surfaces (45, 65) have a vertical extent less than half of the vertical extent of the undercut (35) contact (HP). viewed from its plane (VP) and parallel to the plane of the surface 25 29. A latching system according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein, in the vertical cross-section of the closing surfaces (45, 55), the floor member (1, T) is at least 10% of the floor member. 30. κ 30 ye / femoze that the length of the tongue (38) is the buckle Seen perpendicular to the plane of Kozas, it is at least 0.3 mm in thickness (7). 31. An interface system according to any one of claims 1 to 30, ass. ve that the contacting edge portion (4a) and / or the supporting contacting edge (4b) supporting the papillae is provided with a groove (53) arranged above the tongue and a certain distance from the plane of the surface (HP). 32. 1, -31. The tongue testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the half lip (39) and the tongue (38) are formed from a matching face (43, 84) which are in their closed position with each other and are located within a range of the connecting plane (VP). and formed in a closed position between cooperating closed planes (45, SS) on tongue (38) and upper lip (39). The joint system of claim 32, wherein the interface surfaces (43,64) are substantially planar surfaces. . 32-33. An interface system according to any one of the preceding points, wherein the connecting surfaces (43, 64) are inclined upwardly to the contact plane (VP). 35. According to any one of claims 32 to 33, the connecting surfaces (43. 84) are substantially parallel to the plane (HP), 38. A test system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the groove part (ye / femezw) 36) lower lip (48) elastic. 37. Figures 1-3. Imaging system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plate is formed as a snap-on connection which can be opened by tilting one floor element (1 ') upwards relative to the other, 38. The seating system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the s / s is fabricated to integrate a previously laid floor element (1, Γ) with a new floor element (1, Γ) by squeezing them against the surface ( HP) essentially in parallel, and the parts of the mast system are snapped together, 39. An insertion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sub-groove groove portion (38), when viewed in cross-section, has an outer opening which is narrow inwardly funnel-like. 30 40. The lance test system of claim 39, wherein the upper lip (39) has a curved edge at its outer edge away from the surface plane (HP). 41, Any language in your series II has a head (69) 42. 1, -41. A connector system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the upper portion (38a) and the lower portion (3Sb) are provided with an apex cut in a cross section of the tongue (38). The matching system of claim 42, characterized in that the tongue (38) with the upper (33a) and lower (38b) tongue portions is formed of different materials having different material properties, 10 44, 1-43. The tongue-and-groove system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, with the tongue groove and the tongue (38) being formed with the floor element (1, 1 '). The joint system according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the locking surfaces (45, 85) have a greater angle to the surface. 15 planes (HPX as a tangent which touches a circular arc that touches the lock surfaces (45, 85) which are in contact with one another at a point; its midpoint is the point where the surface plane (HP) and intersect. 48. The paste system of any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein the upper lip (39) is thicker than the lower lip (40). 47. The clamping system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the minimum thickness of the upper lip (39) adjacent to the undercut (35) is greater than the maximum thickness of the lower lip (40) at the top (50). 48. An adhesive system according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the support surfaces (50, 71) extend by 15% of the floor element. 49, The lobe sponge system according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein e. that the vertical extent of the tongue groove (38) between the upper lip (39) and the lower lip (40), parallel to the plane of contact (VP), measured at the end of the cube, is at least 30% of the floor element thickness (T), 50. Figures 1-49. The illumination system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein its depth from the plane of contact (VP) is 2% greater than the corresponding extension of the tongue (38). 51. 1, -80. The tongue-and-groove system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tongue (38) has material properties such as upper (39) or lower (40) lips, The fitting system according to any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein the upper lip (39) is stiffer than the lower lip (40), The illumination system of any one of claims 1 to 52, therewith 10. Typically, the upper lip (39) and the lower lip (40) are formed of materials of different properties. 54. The fitting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fitting system comprises a second mechanical closure member, A locking groove (14) is provided at the front of the contact safe (4b) supporting the tongue (38) and is parallel to the contact plane (VP). furthermore, it is provided with a sealing tape which is secured in one piece to the contact edge (4a) of the boiler member under the tongue (38) and extends substantially along the tangent length of the contact safe, and a closure member (5) 20 strips, which, when mechanically connected <to each other, are fitted into the retaining groove (14) of the additional floor element <%}. 65. The fitting system according to any one of claims 1 to 54, comprising a floor element (i, 1 ') having a core of wood-pressed sheet material, 25 5S. The joint system of claim 51, further comprising a floor member having a wooden core, 87, Any one of claims 1 to 58, having four sides and having pages that are pairwise 3G. The junction system of claim 57 is provided with a mechanical edge system at the edge of the side. A mechanical snap junction device is provided at the opposite edge of the picking system of claim 68. 60. iilesztórandszer 59 according to claim azzalye $ amazye _(mechanical ilfesztőrendszerben in that two opposing, short side of the floorboard can be connected to each other bepattiatássaf alámetszetf groove (38) and tongue (38) is formed.