SE523823C2 - Locking system for mechanical joining of floorboards has a uppercut groove and a projecting tongue which snap together - Google Patents

Abstract

The locking system comprises an undercut groove on one long side of the floorboard and a projecting tongue on the opposite long side of the floorboard. The undercut groove has a corresponding upwardly directed inner locking surface at a distance from its tip. The tongue and the undercut groove are formed to be connected by adjoining boards being brought together and snapped together. An Independent claim is included for a floorboard having a core.

Description

523 823 2 Mechanical joint systems are very suitable for joining not only laminate floors but also wooden floors and composite floors. Such floorboards can consist of a variety of materials in the surface, core and back. As described below, these materials can also be included in the various parts of the joint system such as the strip, the locking element and the tongue. However, a solution with integrated strip, designed for example according to WO 9426999 or WO 9747834 and which creates the horizontal joint, and with a tongue, which creates the vertical joint, gives costs in the form of material waste in connection with the mechanical joint being formed by processing of the disc material.

In order to function optimally, for example, a 15 mm thick parquet floor should have a strip that is approximately as wide as the floor thickness, ie approx. 15 mm. With a tongue of about 3 mm, the game is 18 mm. The floorboard has a normal width of about 200 mm. The material waste will therefore be about 9%. In general, the waste cost becomes large if the floorboards consist of expensive materials, if they are thick or if they are small in size, so that the number of running meters of joint per square meter of floor becomes large.

The material waste can certainly be reduced if you use a separately manufactured aluminum strip as a strip, which is attached to the floorboard already in the factory. It is also the case that the aluminum strip in a number of applications can provide a better and also a cheaper joint system than a strip designed and machined from the frame. Disadvantages of the aluminum strip, however, are that the investment cost can be significant and that extensive rebuilds of the factory may be necessary to convert an existing traditional production line so that floorboards with such a mechanical joint system can be manufactured. An advantage of the known aluminum strip, however, is that the initial format of the floorboards does not need to be changed.

In the case of a strip obtained by processing the floorboard material, the opposite applies. Thus, the format of the floorboards must be adapted so that there is sufficient material for the design of the strip and the tongue. For laminate flooring, it is often required that the width of the used decorative paper is also changed. All these adjustments and changes require costly rebuilds of production equipment as well as significant product adjustments.

In addition to the above-mentioned problems related to unwanted material waste and costs for production and product adaptation, the strip has disadvantages in the form that it is sensitive to damage during transport and installation.

In summary, there is a great need to achieve a mechanical joint at a lower production cost while the goal is to maintain the current very good properties in terms of installation, uptake, joint quality and strength. With known solutions, it is not possible to achieve a low cost without also having to sacrifice strength and / or installation function. An object of the invention is therefore to provide solutions which aim to reduce the cost while maintaining strength and function.

The invention is based on known floorboards which have a frame, a front side, a back side and opposite joint edge portions, one of which is formed as a groove, which is delimited by upper and lower lips and has a bottom end, and the other is formed like a tongue with an upward-pointing portion at its free outer end. The groove in this case has the shape of an undercut groove with an orifice, an inner portion and an inner locking surface. At least parts of the lower lip are formed in one piece with the frame of the floorboard, and the tongue has a locking surface, which is designed for co-operation with the inner locking surface of an adjacent floorboard groove, when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their (HP) and meet at a (VP). fronts are in the same surface plane perpendicular to the direction of the joint.

Prior to that, however, the general technology concerning floorboards and mechanical locking reading systems shall be "13-2". 'fïâfïiïffiê .i (> ffí§ \ fšÉZ * II-X Ill? í: ïí-lï = ï'lïl {llï.šlšlš 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 4 of floorboards is described as a background to the present invention.

Description of the prior art In order to facilitate the understanding and description of the present invention and the insight into the problems underlying the invention, with reference to Figs. 1-17 on the accompanying drawing sheets, a description of both basic construction and function of floorboards according to WO 9426999 and WO 9966151. the following description of the prior art also applies to the embodiments of the present invention described below.

Figures 3a and 3b show a floorboard 1 according to WO 9426999 from above and from below, respectively. The disc 1 is rectangular, two opposite long sides with joint edge portions 4a and 4b, respectively, and two opposite sides with an upper side 2, a lower side 3, short sides with joint edge portions 5a and 5b, respectively.

Both the longitudinal joint edge portions 4a, 4b and the short side 5b can be mechanically joined together so that they meet in one and so that in the added state they have their upper sides in a common surface plane the joint edge portions 5a of the sides, without glue in a direction D2 in Fig. 1c, joint plane VP (marked in Fig. 2c) (marked in Fig. 2c).

In the embodiment shown, which is an example of floorboards according to WO 9426999 (Figs. 1-3 in the accompanying drawings), the board 1 has a factory-mounted flat strip 6, which runs along the entire long side 4a and which is made of a bendable, resilient aluminum sheet. The strip 6 extends outwards past the joint plane VP at the joint edge portion 4a. The strip 6 can be attached mechanically according to the embodiment shown or also with glue or in another way. As stated in the above-mentioned publications, other strip materials, such as sheet metal of other metal, aluminum or plastic profiles, can also be used as material for a strip, which is attached to the floorboard at the factory. As also stated in WO 9426999 and as described and shown in WO 9966151, the strip 6 "_ r just 16ckx :: w: 333" vs ia x¿ï: ns: z§zHva ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35 = 523 823 5 instead be formed in one piece with the disc 1, for example by suitable processing of the frame 1 of the disc 1.

The present invention is useful for floorboards where the strip or at least a part thereof is formed integrally with the frame, and the invention solves particular problems which exist in such floorboards and their manufacture. The frame of the floorboard does not need but is preferably formed of a uniform material. The strip 6 is, however, always integrated with the disc 1, ie it must have been designed on the disc or be factory-fitted.

The width of the strip 6 can in known embodiments according to the above-mentioned WO 9426999 and WO 9966151 be about 30 mm and its thickness about 0.5 mm.

A similar fixed shorter strip 6 'is arranged along one short side Sa of the disc 1. The projecting part of the strip 6 past the joint plane VP is formed with a reading element 8, which extends along the entire strip 6. The locking element 8 has in the lower part an active locking surface 10 facing the joint plane VP with a height of, for example, 0.5 mm. During installation, this locking surface 10 cooperates with a locking groove 14, which is received in the underside 3 of the joint edge portion 4b of an opposite long side of an adjacent disc 1 '. The strip 6 'along the short side is provided with a corresponding locking element 8', and the joint edge portion 5b of the opposite short side has a corresponding locking groove 14 '. 14 'away from the joint face edge VP forms an active locking surface 10' The locking latch 14, for co-operation with the active locking surface 10 of the locking element.

For mechanical joining of both long sides and short sides also in the vertical direction (direction D1 in Fig. 1c), the disc 1 is further along its one long side (joint edge portion 4a) and its one short side (joint edge portion Sa) formed with a laterally open recess or note 16. This is delimited upwards by an upper lip at the joint edge portion 4a, 5a and downwards by the respective strip 6, 6 '. At the opposite edge portions 4b and 5b there is an upper cut-out 18, which defines a locking tongue 20 cooperating with the recess or the groove 16 (see Fig. 2a). 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823. ,. . Figs. 1a-1c show how two longitudinal sides 4a, 4b of two such discs 1, 1 'on a base U can be joined by angling by rotation about a center C near the intersection between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP, while the discs are held substantially in contact with each other.

Figs. 2a-2c show how the short sides 5a, 5b of the discs 1, 1 'can be joined by snapping. The long sides 4a, 4b can be joined by both methods, while the joining of the short sides 5a, 5b - after laying the first row of floorboards - is normally joined only by snapping, after the long sides 4a, 4b have first been joined.

When a new disc 1 'and a previously laid disc 1 are to be joined along their long side edge portions 4a, 4b according to Figs. 1a-1c, the long side edge portion 4b of the new disc 1' is pressed against the long side edge portion 4a of the previously laid disc 1 according to Fig. 1a, so that the locking tongue 20 is inserted into the recess or groove 16. The disc 1 'is then angled down towards the subfloor U according to Fig. 1b. In this case, the locking tongue 20 goes completely into the recess or groove 16 at the same time as the locking element 8 of the strip 6 snaps into the locking groove 14. During this downward angle, the upper part 9 of the locking element 8 can be active and guide the new disc 1 'towards the previously laid the disc 1.

In the joined position according to Fig. 1c, the discs 1, 1 'are admittedly locked in both the D1 direction and the D2 direction along their long side edge portions 4a, 4b, but the discs 1, 1' can be displaced relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the joint along the long sides (ie direction D3 ).

Figs. 2a-2c show how the short side edge portions 5a and 5b of the discs 1, 1 'can be mechanically joined together in both the D1 and D2 directions by the new disc 1' being displaced substantially horizontally towards the previously laid disc 1.

In particular, this can be done after the long side of the new disc 1 'has been joined by angling according to Figs. 1a-c to a previously laid disc 1 in an adjacent row. In the first step in Fig. 2a, chamfered surfaces cooperate at the recess 10 * 523 823. . . -. now 1 ~ a 7 16 and the locking tongue 20, respectively, so that the strip 6 'is forced downwards as a direct consequence of the joining of the short side edge portions 5a, 5b. During the final joining, the strip 6 'snaps open when the locking element 8' enters the locking groove 14 ', so that the active locking surfaces 10, 10' on the locking element 8 'and in the locking latch 14' engage with each other.

By repeating the steps shown in Figs. 1a-c and 2a-c, the entire floor laying can be laid without glue and with all the joint edges. Thus, known floorboards of the above-mentioned type are mechanically joined together by usually first angling them down on the long side and by the short sides, when the long side is read, being snapped together by horizontal displacement of the new board 1 'along the long side of the already laid board 1 (direction D3). The discs 1, 1 'can, without damaging the joint, be picked up again in the reverse order in which they were laid and then eaten laid. Parts of these laying principles are also applicable in connection with the present invention.

In order to function optimally and to be able to be laid and taken up again with ease, the known discs, after being assembled, should be able to assume a position along their long sides where there is a possibility of a small play between the active locking surface 10 of the locking element and the locking slot. 14 active locking surface 10 '. However, no play is required in the actual joint between the boards in the joint plane VP near the top of the boards (ie in the surface plane HP). To assume such a position, a compression of one disc against the other may be required. A more detailed description of this game can be found in WO 9426999. Such a game may be of the order of 0.01-0.05 mm between the active locking surfaces 10, 10 'when compressing the long sides of adjacent discs against each other. This play facilitates the entry and exit of the locking element 8 from the locking groove 14, 14 '. As mentioned, however, no play is required in the joint between the boards, where the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP intersect at the top of the floorboards. 10 a u I f '; u an: n u u. q; 1-0 .. ", u un n ø 0 u. - q - .v. - -:: _ _ --- ~~ - :: .... ..

- J - - u 'v "- _ _ _ _ _ _" "' och:. _. . u n .. n »8 The joint system enables displacement along the joint edge in the locked position after an optional side has been joined.

Laying can therefore take place in a number of different ways, all of which are variants of the three basic methods> Angling of the long side and snapping of the short side. > Snaping the long side - snapping the short side> Angling the short side, angling two discs, displacing the new disc along the short side edge of the previous disc and finally angling down two discs The most common and safest laying method is to first angle the long side down and read towards another floorboard. Then a shift takes place in the read position towards the short side of a third floor slab so that the short side can be snapped in. Laying can also be done by snapping one side, long or short side, with another disc.

Then a shift takes place in the read position until the other side snaps together with a third disc. Both of these methods require snapping at least one page. However, laying can also take place without snapping. The third alternative is that the short side of a first disc is first angled towards the short side of a second disc which is already joined on its long side towards a third disc. After this joining, the first and second boards are angled slightly. The first board is displaced in an angled position along its short side until the upper joint edges of the first and third boards are in contact with each other, after which both boards are jointly angled downwards.

The floorboard described above and its locking system have gained great success on the market in connection with laminate floors, which have a thickness of about 7 mm and an approximately 0.6 mm thick aluminum strip 6. Similar variants have commercial variants of those in fig. 4a and 4b showed the floorboards according to WO 9966151 in red. However, it has been found that this technique is not particularly suitable for floorboards made of fibrous wood-based material, especially solid wood material or layered wood material, for forming parquet floors. One reason why this prior art is not in. -. = ~; .L:; *. J ».:. 1 .wlgiaff »'L».;> <_ ~ 1; y': f: f,. ::.: 2 :; _: J :: -:, ^ \ ::: 1 <, -,:.>. A 10 15 20 25 30 35 2523 823 ~. . . .- 9 suitable for this type of product is the large waste of material which arises as a result of the machining of the edge portions to form a groove with the required depth.

In order to partially solve this problem, it would be possible to use the technique shown in Figs. 5a and 5b of the accompanying drawings and which is described and shown in DE-A-3343601, ie it would be possible to form both joint edge portions of separate elements. , which are attached to the long side edges. This technology also leads to high costs for aluminum profiles and for the heavy machining required. In addition, it is difficult to attach the profile elements along the edges in a cost-effective manner. However, the geometry shown does not allow assembly and disassembly without considerable play by angling or angling due to the fact that the parts do not move apart during these movements if it is manufactured with a floating fit (see Fig. 5b).

Another known design of floorboards with a mechanical locking system is shown in Figs. 6a-d in the accompanying drawings and is described and shown in CA-A-0991373. When using this mechanical locking system, all forces which strive to pull the long sides of the boards apart are taken up. When laying and picking up the floor, a trailing element is required at the outer end of the strip (see Fig. 6a). sensitivity of the material so that the tongue is released by rotation about two center points simultaneously. Close fit between all surfaces makes rational production and displacement in the read position impossible. The short side 6c lacks a horizontal lock. However, this type of mechanical lock causes large material spills due to the design of the large locking elements.

Another known design of mechanical locking systems for discs is shown in GB-A-1430429 and Figs. 7a-7b in the accompanying drawings. This system is basically a tongue and groove joint, which is provided with an extra retaining hook at an extended lip on one side of the groove and which has a corresponding retaining shaft formed on the top of the tongue or tongue. The system requires considerable elasticity of the crocheted lip, and disassembly is not possible without destroying the joint edges of the discs. Tight fit makes manufacturing difficult and the joint's geometry produces large material spills.

Another known design of mechanical locking systems for floorboards is shown in DE-A-4242530. Such a locking system is also shown in Figs. 8a-b in the accompanying drawings. This known locking system has several different disadvantages. Not only does it cause large material spills during manufacture, but it is also difficult to manufacture in an efficient manner, if you want high-quality joints in a high-quality floor. The undercut groove which forms the groove can only be manufactured by using a end mill, which is passed along the joint edge. It is thus not possible to use large disc-shaped cutting tools, which process the disc from the side edge.

For mechanical joining of different types of boards, especially floorboards, there are many different proposals, in which the material waste is small and in which the production can take place in an efficient manner even when using wood fiber and wood-based board materials. Thus WO 9627721 (Figs. 9a-b in the accompanying drawings) and JP 3169967 (Figs. 10a-b in the accompanying drawings) show two types of snap joints, which give a small amount of spillage but which have the disadvantage that they do not allow disassembly of the floorboards by angling . Although these joint systems can be manufactured efficiently with large disc-shaped cutting tools, they have the serious disadvantage that disassembly by angling would lead to such great damage to the locking system that the discs could not be re-laid by mechanical locking.

Another known system is shown in DE-A-1211175 and in Figs. 11a-b in the accompanying drawings. This known system is suitable for sports floors made of plastic material and cannot be manufactured using large disc-shaped cutting tools to form the heavily undercut groove. This known 10 15 20 25 30 35 É523 szsi -. . . systems can also not be dismantled by angling without the material having such great elasticity that the upper and lower lips around the undercut groove are strongly deformed during the disassembly. This type of joint is therefore not suitable for floorboards based on wood fiber-based material, if you want high-quality joints.

Tongue and groove joints with inclined tongue and groove have also been proposed according to US-A-1124228. The type of joint shown in Figs. 12c-d in the accompanying drawings provides the possibility of mounting a new board by pushing it down over the obliquely upwardly directed tongue or groove of the already laid board. To anchor the newly laid board, nails are then used, which are driven obliquely down through the board above the obliquely projecting tongue. In the embodiment according to Figs. 12a-b, this technique cannot be used because a dovetail dressing has been used. Although this technology produces little material waste, it is not at all suitable if you want to create a floating floor with individual floorboards that can be installed and dismantled in a simple way without damage and that have high-quality joints.

DE-A-3041781 describes and shows a locking system for joining plates, in particular for the production of roller skating and bowling alleys of plastic material. Such a joint system is also shown in Figs. 13a-d in the accompanying drawings. This system comprises a cut-away longitudinal groove along one edge of the disc and a projecting upwardly bent tongue along the opposite edge of the disc. In cross section, the undercut groove has a first portion, which is delimited by parallel surface portions and is parallel to the main plane of the disc, and a second inner portion, which is trapezoidal or semi-trapezoidal (Figs. 13a-b and Figs. 13c-d in the accompanying drawings), . In cross section, the tongue has two relatively parallel plane-parallel portions, where the portion closest to the center of the disc is parallel to the main plane of the disc and where the outer free portion is angled in the upward direction corresponding to n '1: 1 1 :). * i;> ,: 1 '_:} r. =. => -Åit fi zfkëíšàšüíïjll3 fJL-'æ - ri' í12l = ï \, 2: j: ¿; 1. “fIšIe ii" 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 12 to the corresponding surface portion within the trapezoidal part of the undercut groove.

The design of the tongue and the groove and the edge portions of the disc are such that when two such discs are mechanically connected, abutment is obtained between the surface portions of the tongue and corresponding surface portions of the undercut groove along the entire upper and outer end of the tongue and along the inner side of the tongue. , partly between the edge surfaces of the interconnected discs above and below the tongue and groove, respectively. When a new disc is to be joined to an already laid disc, the new disc is angled upwards at a suitable angle for insertion of the angled outer portion of the spring into the outer plane-parallel part of the groove in the already laid disc. Then the tongue is pushed into the groove at the same time as the new disc is angled down.

Due to the angular shape of the tongue, a considerable play is required in the first part of the groove in order for this insertion and angling to be carried out. Alternatively, a considerable elasticity of the floor material is required, which according to the text must consist of plastic material. In the position of interconnected position, there is abutment between the main part of the surfaces of the tongue and the undercut groove, except below the upwardly angled outer part of the tongue.

A major disadvantage of the mechanical locking system according to DE-A-3041781 is that it is difficult to manufacture. As a manufacturing method, the use is provided of a sponge-shaped end mill with an outer portion, which produces the trapezoidal inner part of the groove or groove. Such a manufacturing method is not very rational and also leads to major tolerance problems, if the manufacturing method were to be used for the manufacture of floorboards or other boards of wood material for the formation of wall panels or parquet floorboards with high-quality joints.

As mentioned above, a disadvantage of this known mechanical locking system is that the insertion of the angled spring into the groove requires a considerable gap between tongue and groove (see Fig. 5 in DE-A-3041781 and Fig. 13b in the accompanying drawings). 25 30 35 \ 523 823 13 in order for a downgrading to take place, unless there is a considerable resilience and elasticity in the disc material. In addition, such an angling cannot be performed while the new disc and the already laid disc are brought together in such a way that the new and the already laid disc touch each other near the top of the discs above the tongue and the groove, respectively, so that the center of oscillation of the downward angular motion is at this point. Another disadvantage of this known mechanical locking system according to DE-A-3041781 in connection with rather thick boards of wood material is that a displacement of the new board along the already laid board in the laid or partially raised position is greatly hindered by the boards engaging with each other along large areas. Although the machining of wooden boards or boards based on wood fibers would be carried out very carefully, these surface parts are for natural reasons not completely smooth but have protruding fibers, which greatly increase the friction. When laying parquet floors or the like, these are long boards (often 2-2.4 m long and 0.2-0.4 m wide boards) and mainly natural materials. This type of long slices folds and therefore will often deviate from a completely flat shape (they have a "banana shape"). In such cases, it becomes even more difficult to displace a newly laid disc along an already lying disc, if one wishes to establish a mechanical joining of the discs even at the short ends.

A further disadvantage of the mechanical locking system according to DE-A-3041781 is that it is unsuitable in connection with high-quality floors, which are formed of wood material or wood fiber-based materials and which therefore require a tight fit in the vertical joint between tongue and groove for creaking to avoided.

WO 9747834 shows floorboards with different types of mechanical locking systems. The locking systems intended for interlocking the long sides of the discs (Figs. 2-4, 11 and 22-25 in the text) are designed so that they can be mounted and dismounted by a coupling and angling movement, íÅIÉÉEJLl From 13k »Kíkfll lf: AJYFfw fi: ~~ ll_: well. f). 'Jíï-'giifl- lO <_ “.! \\ fl! Ïíf ¥ 23.š.š ZÉ. ÄÉf-ÜIFÅZ 31513 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 14 while most of those intended for interlocking the short ends of the discs (Figs. 5-10) are designed so that they can be connected to each other by being translationally pushed towards each other for coupling with a snap lock, but these locking systems at the short ends of the discs can then not be dismantled without being destroyed or at least damaged.

Some of the disks shown in WO 9747834 which have been designed for coupling and disassembly by an angular movement (Figs. 2-4 of WO 9747834 and Figs. 14a-c of the accompanying drawings) have at their one edge a groove and one below the groove protruding strip, which protrudes past a joint plane, where the top of two interconnected discs meet.

The strip is designed for cooperation with a substantially complementary shaped portion on the opposite edge of the disc, so that two identical discs can be connected. A common feature of these floorboards is that the upper side of the tongue of the boards and the corresponding upper limiting surface of the groove, are flat and parallel to the top or surface of the floorboards. The interconnection of the discs to prevent them from being pulled apart across the joint plane is achieved exclusively by means of locking surfaces partly on the underside of the tongue and partly on the upper side of the lower lip or strip below the groove or groove. These locking systems also have the disadvantage that they require a strip portion, which projects past the joint plane, which causes material spillage even within the joint edge portion where the groove is formed.

WO 9747834 also describes mechanical joint systems which comprise an arcuately curved tongue and a correspondingly shaped groove in the opposite side edge of the floorboard (cf. Figs. 14d-14e in the accompanying drawings). When connecting such locking systems, the tip of the tongue is placed against the mouth of the arcuate groove, after which a downward angle is started. At this downward angle there is a large surface contact between all the arcuate surfaces of the tongue and groove. If this type of joint system were to be used for long boards of wood or wood-based material, it would be very difficult to obtain a smooth and simple joining movement. = °. r> uj ~~ 1 »faä: nu2321: A in sr: uuxaaß v ^» 10 15 20 25 30 35 n u -. .- S23 823 15 se. In addition, the friction between the arcuate surfaces and between the tip of the tongue and the bottom of the tongue would require considerable forces to displace one disc along another in an interconnected condition. Although this prior art is better than that shown in the above-mentioned DE-A-3041781, it suffers from many of the disadvantages of this technique.

US-A-2740167 (see also Figs. 15a-b in the accompanying drawings) describes parquet boards or squares which are made of wood and which at opposite edges have been formed with edge portions, which are hooked into each other during installation. parquet windows in a row. One edge portion has a downwardly directed hook, and the opposite edge portion has an upwardly directed hook. To enable insertion of a new parquet board under an already laid parquet board, the underside of the upright hook has been chamfered. The parquet boards connected at a vertical joint plane are secured only in the horizontal direction across the joint plane.

To secure the boards even perpendicular to the top of the parquet boards, an adhesive layer is used, which has been spread in advance on the substrate on which the parquet floor is to be applied. An already laid parquet board can therefore be lifted up again only before the adhesive layer has bound. In practice, this parquet floor is therefore permanently anchored to the substrate once it has been laid.

CA-A-2252791 discloses and describes floorboards which are designed with a specially shaped groove along one long side and a complementary shaped tongue or groove along the other long side. As shown in the patent specification and also in Figs. 16a-b in the accompanying drawings, the note and the tongue are rounded and angled obliquely upwards to enable interconnection of one disc with another by placing the new disc close to the already laid one. and then simultaneously lifted and angled, whereupon the groove is pulled down over the obliquely upwardly directed tongue during simultaneous joining and angling. Since the tongue and groove are complementarily designed, it is difficult to connect and possibly re-separate adjacent floorboards. A deviation from 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 0 u - p a ~. a n v a u 16 plane shape, ie the presence of “banana shape”, means an additional obstacle to the interconnection of two such discs. The risk of damage to the tongue is therefore great, and the design also entails large frictional forces between the surfaces of the tongue and the note.

US-A-5797237 discloses a snap lock system for interconnecting parquet boards or boards. In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 17a shows a section through two interconnected boards, while Fig. 17b shows that such a known floorboard can not be dismantled by angling the board up relative to the remaining horizontal floorboard. Instead, as shown in Fig. 4B of the patent, it is necessary that both the disc to be detached and the disc to which it is connected and which is to remain must be lifted to pull the tongue out of the groove. The system has great similarities to that shown in the aforementioned US-A-2740l67 (Fig. 15a-b in the present drawings) but with the difference that a short lower lip is formed below the upper hook-shaped projection or lip. However, this short lower lip has no cohesive effect, since there is a gap between the underside of the tongue and the top of this short lip, when two discs are joined.

This game is also necessary for the disassembly method shown in Fig. 17c. Although it is stated that the joint system is a snap joint, it is probable that the already laid board is angled slightly upwards to let the tongue in under the hook-shaped lip on this board. This mechanical locking system can, as also shown in the patent specification, be manufactured with the aid of large disc-shaped cutting tools.

There is no undercut groove, the upper and lower lips of which rest against the inserted tongue and lock it in both vertical and horizontal directions, in this locking system.

The groove thus has a greater vertical extent than the corresponding parts of the tongue have. The laid floor will therefore be able to move towards and from the base, which will give creaks in the joints and unacceptable height displacements. Due to the insufficient locking, a high-quality joint cannot be achieved either.

FR-A-2675174 discloses a mechanical joint system for ceramic plates having complementary shaped opposite edge portions, using separate spring clips, which are mounted at a distance from each other and which are designed to grip around a bead on the edge portion of an adjacent plate. The joint system is not designed for disassembly by pivoting, as is clear from Fig. 18a and in particular Fig. 18b in the accompanying drawings.

Figs. 19a and 19b show floorboards which are designed according to JP 7180333 and are made by extrusion of metal material. After mounting such floor tiles, these are next to impossible to disassemble due to the joint geometry, which is clearly shown in Fig. 19b.

Finally, Figs. 20a and 20b show another known joint system, which is described in GB-A-2117813 and which is intended for large insulated wall panels. This system bears great resemblance to the above-mentioned system according to CA-A-2252791 and the system from WO 9747834 shown in Figs. 14d and 14e in the accompanying drawings. The system has the same disadvantages as these latter two systems and is not suitable for an efficient production of floorboards on the basis of wood material or wood fiber material, especially if you want high-quality joints in a high-quality floor. The construction according to this GB specification uses metal profiles as coupling elements and is not openable by angling.

As can be seen from the above, known systems have both disadvantages and advantages. However, no locking system is completely suitable for rational manufacture of floorboards with a locking system that is optimal in terms of manufacturing technology, material waste, laying and pick-up function and that can also be used for floors with very high demands on quality and strength and function. in added condition. 'fv ;; f¿ | 1f§ ~ l - .; ~ <š! ~; \ _ ¿âšâlïïiš .S _! 1131-- 1.151 5'ïi¿ '“~, 2 fl \ 3: Iíiïšiš“ VALO 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 18 An object of the present invention is to meet this need and to provide such an optimal locking system for floorboards and such optimal floorboards. Another object of the invention is to provide a rational way of manufacturing floorboards with such a locking system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new laying method which allows simpler and more rational laying than known technology does. Another object of the invention is to provide a tool for facilitating the laying of floorboards by angling and joining floorboards. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a use of such a tool for laying floorboards. Further objects of the invention will become apparent from both the foregoing and the following description.

Brief description of the invention A floorboard and an openable locking system for such comprises a cut-away groove at one long side of the floorboard and a projecting tongue at the opposite long side of the floorboard. The undercut groove has a corresponding inner upwardly facing locking surface at a distance from its tip.

The tongue and the undercut groove are designed for joining and pulling together by a pivoting movement, which has its center near the intersection between the surface plane of two adjacent floorboards and the joint joint plane. The undercut in the groove of such a locking system is manufactured by means of disc-shaped cutting tools, the axes of rotation of which are inclined relative to each other to form first an inner part of the undercut portion of the groove and then a locking surface closer to the mouth of the groove. A laying method for a floor of such slabs comprises the steps of laying a new slab next to an already laid slab, inserting the tongue of the new slab into the mouth of the undercut groove of the slab slab, angling up the new slab during continued insertion into a slab. the tongue in the undercut groove and at the same time angling the new disc to the final position.

Vi \\ “f¿i" -1if = ï ~ _1 = a int,: wg F:. = ^ §: * tLçv3f -: .- raa: 1í) l »1“ -1, r3c- <: fangua lack ruvïxßs va-1: suazonuaax ax 10 15 20 .O III I _ .. _ -.

I u. ... '1,' _ _: - - a. '. ':' _ '0 n:. , N _ _ - -. . . _ _ _-_ -.- l 0 O Q 'I .. .....: .-' .. '- - -. However, what characterizes the locking system, the floorboard, the laying method, the manufacturing method, the tool and the use of tools according to the invention are stated in the following independent patent claims. The dependent claims set out particularly preferred embodiments of the invention. Further advantages and features of the invention will also be apparent from the following description.

Before describing particular and preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, the basic idea of the invention and the strength and functional requirements are to be described.

The invention is applicable to rectangular floorboards having a first pair of parallel sides and a second pair of parallel sides. In order to simplify the description, the first pair are referred to below for long sides and the second pair for short sides. It should be pointed out, however, that the invention is also applicable to discs which may be square.

High joint quality By high joint quality is meant a tight fit in a locked position between the floorboards both vertically and horizontally. The floorboards must be able to be joined without too large visible gaps or height differences between the joint edges in both unloaded and in normally loaded condition. In a high-quality floor, joint cracks and height differences should not be greater than 0.2 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively.

Node angle with rotation around the joint edge and guide As can be seen from the following description, it should be possible for at least one side, preferably the long side, to be locked by angling down. The downgrading should be possible with a rotation around a center near the intersection between the surface planes of the floorboards and the future joint plane, ie near the “upper joint edges” of the boards when they are in contact with each other. Otherwise it is not possible to create a joint which in the locked position has dense joint edges.

Pílill-ÅÉÃI '_26 12.21: GÉL; um: so2 ~ ø; ~: 1_1 «10 15 20 25 30 35 523 825 20 The rotation should be able to end in a horizontal position in which the floorboards are locked vertically without play, because play can give unwanted height differences between the joint edges. Angling should also take place in a way that simultaneously guides the floorboards towards each other with dense joint edges and straightens any banana shape (ie deviation from the straight flat shape of the floorboard). The locking element and the locking groove should have guide means which co-operate with each other at an angle. It must be possible to lower the angle with high safety without the discs getting stuck and pinching each other so that there is a risk that the locking system will be damaged.

Angling around the joint edge The long side should be able to be angled up so that the floorboards can be detached. Since the boards are in the initial position joined together with dense joint edges, this angling must thus also be possible with the upper joint edges in contact with each other and with rotation around the joint edge. This possibility of tilting is not only of great importance when changing floorboards or moving floors. Many floorboards are tested or installed incorrectly at doors, corners, etc. during installation. It is a great disadvantage if the floorboard cannot be easily detached without damaging the joint system. It is also not always the case that a disc that can be angled in can also be angled up again. In connection with angling, there is usually a slight deflection of the strip, so that the locking element bends backwards and downwards and opens. If the joint system is not designed with suitable angles and radii, the board may be so locked after installation that pick-up is not possible. The short side can, after the longitudinal joint has been opened by angling, usually be pulled out along the joint edge, but it is an advantage if the short side can also be opened by angling. This is especially advantageous when the discs are long, for example 2.4 m, which makes it difficult to pull out short sides. It must be possible to angle it with high safety without the discs getting stuck and pinching each other so that there is a risk that the locking system will be damaged. 10 15 20 25 30 35 I I III. - 1. . '. _ '_ ". H .- m - - -..., _,' 1 f.. Un .... L '° - ~. -.. _ Zz __... _ _ Z _. U u .. .. ... 21 Snap-in Short sides should be able to be locked by horizontal snap-in. This requires parts of the joint system to be flexible and flexible. Although angling long sides is much easier and faster than snap-in, it is an advantage if the long side can also be snap-in , because certain installation steps, for example around doors, require that the boards can be joined horizontally.

Material cost for long and short side If the floorboard is, for example, 1.2 * 0.2 m, each square meter of floor space will have about 6 times more longitudinal joints than short side joints. Large material waste and expensive joint material are therefore of less importance on the short side than on the long side. Horizontal strength In order to be able to achieve high strength, it is usually required that the locking element has a high locking angle, so that the locking element does not snap out. The locking element must be high and wide, so that it does not break off at high tensile loads, when the floor shrinks during the winter as a result of the relative humidity being low during this time of year. The same applies to the material closest to the locking groove in the second disc. The short-side joint should have a higher strength than the long-side joint, since the tensile load during shrinkage in winter is distributed over a shorter joint length along the short side than along the long side.

Vertical strength The boards should be able to be kept flat when they are loaded vertically. In addition, movement in the joint should be avoided as surfaces which are under pressure and which move in relation to each other, for example upper joint edges, can give rise to creaks.

Displaceability In order to be able to lock all four sides, it is required that a newly laid disc must be able to be moved along a previously laid disc in the locked position. This must be possible with reasonable force, for example by knocking with. * 1.'w. »': - ;; 1Jf =:» l <, = f' * :; “= 311 f? in? Iš F; vví- * x -Im __ * fi1 :: "= _;" i.'1 CI ”. S3 3 fvfë »10 15 20 25 30 35 523 825 ø n o - .o 22 impact blocks and hammers, without damaging the joint edges and without requiring the joint system to be designed with visible gaps in the horizontal and vertical joints. Displacement is more important on the long side than on the short side because the friction there is significantly greater as a result of a longer joint.

Manufacturing The joint system should be able to be manufactured rationally with large rotating cutting tools that have extremely good precision and capacity.

Measurement A good function, production tolerance and quality require that the joint profile can be measured continuously and checked. The critical parts of a mechanical joint system should be designed in such a way that manufacturing and measurement are facilitated. They should be able to be manufactured with tolerances of a few hundredths of a millimeter, and they should therefore be possible to measure with high accuracy in, for example, a so-called profile projector. If the joint system is manufactured with linear cutting machining, the joint system, with the exception of certain manufacturing tolerances, will have the same profile over the entire edge portion. The joint system can therefore be measured with high accuracy by sawing out some test pieces from the floorboards and measuring them in the profile projector or a measuring microscope. Rational production, however, requires that the joint system can also be measured quickly and easily without destructive methods, for example with interpreters. This is facilitated if the critical parts of the locking system are as few as possible.

Optimization of long and short side.

In order for a floorboard to be manufactured optimally with the lowest possible cost, the long and short sides should be optimized with regard to the various properties above. The long side should, for example, be optimized for down angle, angling, positioning and displaceability, while the short side should be optimized for snap-in and high strength. An optimally designed floorboard should thus have different joint systems on the long and short side. 10 15 20 25 30 35 s23 823 23 Possibility of movement across the joint edge Wood-based floorboards and floorboards in general that contain wood fiber, swell and shrink when the relative humidity changes. Swelling and shrinkage usually start from the top, and the surface layers can therefore move more than the core, ie the part of which the joint system is designed. To prevent the upper joint edges from rising or crushing during high swelling or from cracking during drying, the joint system should be designed to allow movement to compensate for swelling and shrinkage.

Disadvantages of known systems Figs. 4a and 4b show known systems of the type Allocc original and Alloc® Home with protruding strips that can be angled and snapped together.

Known joint systems according to Figs. 9-16 can provide a mechanical joint with less spillage than mechanical locking systems with protruding and machined strips. However, not all of them meet the above requirements nor do they solve the problems which the present invention intends to solve. according to Figs. 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 18, 19 can not be read or opened by a pivoting movement. The snap joints around the upper part of the joint edge, and the joints according to Figs. 8, 11 and 19 can not be manufactured rationally by cutting machining in sheet material with rotary cutting tools that have a large tool diameter.

Floor panels according to Figs. 12a-b can neither be angled nor snapped but must be inserted by insertion parallel to the joint edge. The joint according to Figs. 12c-d can not be snapped. can possibly be angled in, but in that case it must be manufactured with too much play in the joint system. The strength in the vertical joint is low, as the upper and lower contact surfaces are parallel. It is also difficult to manufacture and to move in the locked position, as it does not contain any free surfaces. In addition, nailing to the base is indicated by means of nails which are driven obliquely into the floorboard above the obliquely upwardly directed tongue. The joint systems according to Figs. 6c-d, 15a-b and 17a-b are examples of joints which do not have a vertical lock, ie allow movements perpendicular to the top of the boards.

The angle joint according to Figs. 14d-e is manufactured and constructed according to the principle that it should have a tight fit and that upper and lower parts of tongue and grooves follow circular arcs with center at the upper joint edge, ie at the intersection between the joint and surface plane, have a series parts. It lacks the necessary guide parts, and the joint is difficult to angle together, as it has the wrong design and excessively large contact surfaces. This means that it pinches and suffers from the so-called bureau load effect during angling. The strength in the horizontal joint is too low, which is due to a low upper locking angle and too small an angle difference between the lower and upper contact surfaces. In addition, the front and upper angled parts of the groove are too small to withstand the forces required for a high-quality joint system. The excessive contact surfaces between the groove and the tongue, the lack of necessary free surfaces without contact and the requirements for a tight fit throughout the joint significantly impede lateral displacement of the floorboard along the joint edge and also complicate rational manufacturing with the possibility of achieving good tolerances. Nor can it be snapped together horizontally.

The joint system according to Figs. 16a-b has a design which means that it cannot be angled together without considerable material deformation, which is difficult to achieve in normal board materials which are suitable for floors. Here too, in this case, all parts of the note and the tongue are in contact with each other. This makes it difficult or impossible to move the side of a disc in the locked position. Nor is any rational cutting machining possible because all surfaces are in contact with each other. Nor can any snap be carried out.

The joint system according to Figs. 6a-b cannot be angled in as it is designed to move around two pivot centers simultaneously. It lacks horizontal locks inside 10 15 20 25 30 35. »> @ Nu * 523 823. , n ~ nu 25 notes. All surfaces are in contact with each other with a tight fit. The joint system is in practice not possible to displace and manufacture rationally. It is intended to be used in conjunction with a locking system shown in Figures 6c-d and formed on the adjacent perpendicular edge of the disc and which does not require any lateral displacement for coupling.

The joint system according to Figs. Ba-b has a groove which cannot be manufactured with rotating cutting tools which have a large tool diameter. It can not snap and is designed to prevent lateral displacement by biasing and tight fitting at the outer vertical part of the strip.

The joint system according to Figs. Sa-b comprises two aluminum profiles. Manufacturing with rotary cutting tools with a large tool diameter for forming the groove is not possible. The joint system is designed so that it is impossible to angle in a new board by keeping its upper joint edge in contact with the upper joint edge of the already laid board, so that the angle takes place around a center of oscillation at the boundary between the joint plane and the surface plane. In order for an angle to occur when utilizing this known system, a considerable gap is required that exceeds what is acceptable in normal floorboards, where high-quality and aesthetically good joints are required. The joint system 13a-d is difficult to manufacture because it requires contact over a large surface part of the outer part of the tongue and the groove. This also defends lateral displacement in the read position. The joint geometry makes it impossible to angle around the upper joint edge.

The invention The invention is based on a first insight that with suitable production methods, mainly with cutting machining and with tools, whose tool diameters greatly exceed the thickness of the disc, advanced shapes can be formed rationally with high precision in wood materials, wood-based boards and plastic materials. , and that this type of machining can be done inside a groove at a distance from the joint plane. The shape of the joint system should thus be adapted 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 an: 0 I u! II 522 »822» ëëtf-ïilëišï-ilšïaíš 'nu uno 26 to a rational production, which should be able to be done with very tight tolerances. However, such an adjustment must not take place at the expense of other important properties of the floorboard and the locking system.

The invention is also based on a second insight, which is based on the knowledge of the requirements that a mechanical joint system must meet in order to function optimally. This insight has made it possible to achieve these requirements in a way that has not been known before, namely through a combination of a) the design of the joint system with eg special angles, radii, clearances, free surfaces and ratios between the different parts of the system and b ) optimal utilization of the material properties of the core or frame such as compression, elongation, bending, tensile and compressive strength.

The invention is also based on a third insight that it is possible to achieve a joint system at a lower production cost while function and pour strength can be maintained or even in some cases improved by a combination of manufacturing technology, joint design, material selection and optimization of length. and short pages.

The invention is based on a fourth insight that the joint system, manufacturing technology and measurement technology must be developed and adapted so that the critical parts, which require tight tolerances, should as far as possible be as few as possible and designed so that they can be measured and check during continuous production According to a first aspect of the invention, a locking system or a floorboard is thus provided with such a reading system for mechanical joining of all four sides of this floorboard in a first vertical direction D1, a second horizontal direction D2 and a third direction D3 perpendicular to the second horizontal direction, with corresponding sides of other floorboards with identical reading systems. 'ïilílfw lt? '.š (- ~ e «1>., - | un n 10 15 20 25 30 35 2523 823 o.. -.. n.> n -. ø onn Q nu 27 The floorboards can have a disconnection on two sides bare mechanical joint system, which is of a known type and which can be displaced laterally in the locked position and locked by angling around over joint edges or by horizontal snapping.The floorboards have on both other sides a locking system according to the invention.The floorboards can also have locking systems according to the invention on all four sides.

At least two opposite sides of the floorboard thus have a joint system which is designed according to the invention and which comprises a tongue and a groove, which are delimited by upper and lower lips, where the tongue in its outer and upper part has an upright part and where the groove in its inner and upper part has an undercut. The upwardly directed part of the tongue and the undercut of the groove in the upper lip have locking surfaces which counteract and prevent horizontal separation in a direction D2 across the joint plane. The groove and the tongue also have cooperating support surfaces, which prevent vertical separation in a direction D1 parallel to the joint plane. Such support surfaces are located at least at the bottom of the tongue and on the lower lip of the note. At the top, the cooperating locking surfaces can serve as upper support surfaces, but the upper lip and tongue of the groove can advantageously also have separate upper support surfaces.

The groove, tongue, locking element and undercut are designed so that they can be manufactured by cutting with tools that have a larger tool diameter than the thickness of the floorboard. The tongue can be inserted with its upright portion into the groove and its undercut by an angular movement with its center of rotation near the intersection between the joint plane and the surface plane, and the tongue can also leave the groove if the floorboard is swung or angled upwards with its upper joint edge in contact with adjacent floorboard. fogkant. In order to facilitate manufacture, measurement, angling, angling and lateral displacement in the longitudinal direction of the joint and to counteract creaking and reduce any problems due to swelling / shrinkage of the floor material, the joint system is designed with surfaces that are not supported. 30 35 523 823 ~ - ø. . »~. -. - ~ ø. Q - nn 28 movement with each other both at an angle and in the locked position.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the floorboard has two edge portions with a joint system according to the invention, where the tongue with its upwardly facing portion can be inserted into both the groove and its undercut and can leave the groove by angling or angling by holding the boards in contact with each other with their upper joint edges near the intersection between the joint plane and the surface plane so that the oscillation takes place around a center of oscillation near this point. In addition, the locking system can be snapped together by a horizontal displacement, whereby mainly the lower part of the groove is bent and the locking element of the tongue snaps into the locking groove. Alternatively or additionally, the tongue can be designed to be flexible in order to facilitate such a snap at the short side, since the long sides of the floorboard have been joined. The invention thus also relates to a snap joint, which can be detached by angling with upper joint edges in contact with each other.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the floorboard has two edge portions with a joint system designed according to the invention, where the tongue, while the board is held in an angled position, can be snapped into the groove and then angled down by a pivoting movement around the upper fogkanten. In the angled position, the tongue can be inserted partially into the groove by moving the disc in this position in a translational movement towards the groove, until the upper joint edges have come into contact with each other, whereupon angling takes place for final joining of the tongue. and note and to obtain a combination. The lower lip can be shorter than the upper lip in order to enable greater degrees of freedom in the design of the undercut of the upper lip.

A number of aspects of the invention are also applicable to the known systems without these aspects being combined with the preferred locking systems described herein. 1v @ L ~ @ nßxiu1 f ° fl uu @ A1 @ «n1; sw: s33 v @ ~ 1u sßïgnnzxxß ax 10 15 20 25 30 35 should be met for! 523 823 29 The invention also describes the basic principles of a tongue and groove joint, which must be able to be angled in with the upper joint edges in contact with each other and which must have joint components. The invention also describes how material properties can be used to achieve high strength and low cost in combination with angling and snapping.

The invention provides laying methods and manufacturing techniques for mechanical joint systems as well as tools for carrying out the laying of the floorboards. Various aspects of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show various embodiments of the invention. The parts of the disc according to the invention which have the equivalent of the known disc in Figs. 1-2 are generally provided with the same reference numerals.

Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig la-c 2a-c 3a-b 4a-b 5a-b 6a-d 7a-b Ba-b 9a-b 10a-b lla-b Brief description of the drawings shows in three steps an angling method for mechanical joining of long sides of floorboards according to WO 9426999. shows in three steps a snap-in method for mechanical joining of short sides of floorboards according to WO 9426999. shows a floorboard according to WO 9426999 seen from above and below. shows two different designs of floorboards according to wo 9966151. shows floorboards according to DE-A-3343601. shows mechanical locking systems for the long side and short side of floorboards according to CA-A-0991373. shows a mechanical locking system according to GB-A-1430429. discs according to DE-A-4242530. snap joint according to WO 9627721. snap joint according to JP 3169967. snap joint according to DE-A-1211175. showing showing a showing a showing a 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig 122-d 13a-d 14a-e 15a-b 16a-b 17a-b 18a -b 19a-l9b 20a-b 21a-2lb 22 23a-b 24a-b 25 26 27a-c 28a-c 29a-b 523 825 30 show different embodiments of locking systems on the basis of tongue and groove according to US-A-1124228. shows a mechanical joint system for sports floors according to DE-A-3041781. shows one of the locking systems shown in WO 9747834. shows a parquet floor according to US-A-2740167. shows a mechanical locking system for floorboards according to CA-A-2252791. shows a snap lock system for parquet floors according to US-A-5797237. shows a joint system for ceramic tiles according to FR ~ A-2675174. shows a joint system for floor tiles, which is described in JP 7180333 and is designed by extruding metal material. shows a joint system for large wall panels according to GB-A-2117813. schematically shows two parallel joint edge portions of a first preferred embodiment of a floorboard according to the present invention. schematically shows the basic principles of angling around upper joint edges when utilizing the present invention. schematically shows the manufacture of a joint edge of a floorboard according to the invention. shows a production-adapted variant of the invention. shows a variant of the invention as well as snapping and angling in combination with bending of the lower lip. shows a variant of the invention with a short lip. shows a down and angle method. shows an alternative angling method. shows an admission method. 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig 30 3la-b 32a-d 33 34 36 37 38a-d 39 41 42a-b 43a-c 44 45a-b f523 823 -. . . »Q 31 shows how the long sides of two discs are joined to the long side of a third disc as the two discs are already joined together on the short sides. shows two joined floorboards provided with a combination joint according to the invention. shows the angle of the combination joint. shows in an example of how a long side can be designed parquet floor. shows in an example of how a short side can be designed parquet floor. shows a detailed example of how the longitudinal joint system can be designed in a parquet floor. shows an example of a floorboard according to the invention where the joint system is designed so that it can be angled by utilizing bending and compression in the joint material. shows a floorboard according to the invention. shows a manufacturing method in four steps, which utilizes a manufacturing method according to the invention. shows a joint system that is suitable for compensating for swelling and shrinkage of the surface layer of the floorboard. shows a variant of the invention with a rigid tongue. shows a variant of the invention where the locking surfaces constitute upper contact surfaces. shows a variant of the invention with a long tongue and an angle and extension. shows how the joint system should be designed to facilitate snapping. shows snapping in angled position. shows a joint system according to the invention with a flexible tongue. fif '* få ~ l:) - (. ïà -; “~ .ll -Ûíllïfzššš FJ llfíiï fl vïš 10 15 20 25 Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig 46a-b 47a-b 48a-b 49 50 5la -f 52a-b 53 54a-b 55 56a-e 57a-e 523 823 -. - - _ ~ ». ~. n. 32 shows a joint system according to the invention with a split and flexible tongue. shows a joint system according to the invention with a lower lip consisting partly of material other than the frame, shows a joint system that can be used as a snap joint in a floorboard that is locked on all four sides, shows a joint system that can be used, for example, on the short side of a floorboard, shows another example of a joint system that can be used, for example, on the short side of a floorboard, shows a laying method, shows laying using a specially designed tool, shows joining short sides, shows shortening of the short side, shows a variant of the invention with a bendable tongue that facilitates shortening on the short side. shows snap-in of the outer corner portion of the short side. ti.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments A first preferred embodiment of a floorboard 1, 1 ', which is provided with a mechanical locking system according to the invention, will now be described with reference to Figs. 21a and 21b. To facilitate understanding, the joint system has been shown schematically. It should be emphasized that a better function can be achieved with other preferred embodiments described below.

Figs. 21a, 21b schematically show a section through a joint between a long side edge portion 4a of a disc 1 and an opposite long side edge portion 4b of a second disc 1 '. 10 15 3523 823 33 The upper sides of the boards lie essentially in a common surface plane HP, and the joint edge portions 4a, abut against each other in a vertical 4b upper parts joint plane VP. The mechanical locking system provides a reading of the boards relative to each other in both the vertical direction D1 and the horizontal direction D2, which extends perpendicular to the joint plane VP.

However, during the laying of a floor with adjacent rows of boards, one board (1 ') can be displaced along the other board (1) in a direction D3 (see Fig. 3a) along the joint plane VP. Such a displacement can be used, for example, to effect a reading of floorboards, which are in the same row.

To effect a joining of the two joint edge portions perpendicular to the vertical plane VP and parallel to the horizontal plane HP, the edges of the floorboard have in a per se known manner a groove 36 in one edge portion 4a of the floorboard inside the joint plane VP, and one in the other joint edge portion 4b formed tongue 38, which projects past the joint plane VP.

In this exemplary embodiment, the board 1 has a frame or core 30 of wood, which carries a surface layer of wood 32 on its front side and a balance layer 34 on its back side.

The disc 1 is rectangular and has a second mechanical locking system also on the two parallel short sides. In some embodiments, this second locking system may have the same design as the locking system for the long sides, but the locking system at the short ends may also be of another design according to the invention or be a previously known mechanical reading system.

As an illustrative, non-limiting example, the floorboard can be of the parquet type with a thickness of 15 mm, a length of 2.4 m and a width of 0.2 m. However, the invention can also be used for parquet windows or parquet boards of other sizes.

The core 30 can be of the lamella type and consist of narrow wooden rods of a cheap type of wood. The surface layer 32 can have a thickness of 3-4 mm and consist of a decorative, hard kind of hardwood and be lacquered. The backing balance layer 34 may consist of a 2 mm wood veneer layer. In some cases, it may be advantageous to use different types of wood material in different parts of the floorboard to obtain optimal properties within the individual parts of the floorboard.

As mentioned above, the mechanical locking system according to the invention comprises partly a groove 36 in one joint edge portion 4a of the floorboard, and partly a tongue 38 at the opposite joint edge portion 4b of the floorboard.

The groove 36 is delimited by upper and lower lips 39, 40 and has the shape of an undercut groove with an orifice between the two lips 39, 40.

The 36 different parts of the note are best seen in Fig. 21l. The groove is formed in the frame or core 30 and starts from the edge of the floorboard. Above the groove there is an upper edge portion or joint edge surface 41 that extends all the way up to the surface surface HP. Inside the mouth of the note there is an upper abutment or support surface 43, which in this case is parallel to the surface plane HP. This abutment or support surface merges into a sloping reading surface 43 which has a locking angle A towards the horizontal plane HP. Inside the locking surface is a surface portion 46 which forms the upper boundary of the undercut portion 35 of the groove. The groove further has a bottom end 48 which extends down to the lower lip 40. On the upper side of this lip there is an abutment or support surface 50. The outer end of the lower lip has a joint edge surface 52 and in this case extends slightly past the joint plane VP.

The shape of the tongue is also best seen in Fig. 2lb. The tongue is formed of the material in the body or core 30 and extends past the joint plane VP, when this joint edge portion 4b is mechanically coupled to the joint edge portion 4a on an adjacent floorboard. The joint edge portion 4b also has an upper edge portion or upper joint edge surface 61, which extends along the joint plane VP down to the root of the tongue 38. The upper side of the root of the tongue has an upper abutment or support surface 64, which in this case extends to an inclined locking surface 65 on an upwardly directed portion 8 near the tip of the tongue. The locking surface 65 merges into a guide surface portion 66, which terminates in an upper surface 67 of the upwardly directed portion 8 of the tongue.

The surface 67 is followed by a chamfer which can serve as a guide surface 68. This extends to the tip 69 of the tongue. At the lower end of the tip 69 there is a further guide surface 70 which extends obliquely downwards to the lower edge of the tongue and an abutment or support surface 71. This support surface 71 is intended to cooperate with the support surface 50 of the lower lip, when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their upper sides lie in the same surface plane HP and meet at a perpendicular joint plane VP, so that the upper joint edge surfaces 41, 61 of the boards abut against each other. The tongue has a lower joint edge surface 72 which extends to the underside.

In this exemplary embodiment, there are separate abutment or support surfaces 43, 64 in the groove or on the tongue, which in the collapsed state abut against each other and co-operate with the lower support surfaces 50, 71 on the lower lip and the tongue, respectively, to effect the reading in the direction D1 perpendicular towards the surface plane HP. In other embodiments, described below, the locking surfaces 45, 65 are used both as locking surfaces for folding in the direction D2 parallel to the surface plane HP and as support surfaces for counteracting movements in the direction D1 perpendicular to the surface plane. In the exemplary embodiment according to Figs. 2la, 2b, the locking surfaces 45, 65 and the abutment surfaces 43, 64 cooperate as upper support surfaces in the system.

As can be seen from the drawing, the tongue 38 extends beyond the joint plane VP and has an upwardly directed portion 8 at its free outer end or tip 69. The tongue also has a locking surface 65, which is designed for co-operation with the inner locking surface 45 in an adjacent Note 36 of the floorboard, when two such floorboards are mechanically joined, so that their fronts lie in the same surface plane HP and meet at a perpendicularly opposite joint plane VP.

As can be seen from Fig. 21b, the tongue 38 has a surface portion 52 between the locking surface 51 and the joint plane VP. When two floorboards are joined, this surface portion 52 abuts against the upper lip 82s 823; "" '. «-. . » 36 pin 8 surface portion 45. To facilitate the insertion of the tongue into the undercut groove by angling or snapping, the tongue, as shown in Figs. 2la, 2lb, may have a chamfer 66 between the locking surface 65 and the surface portion 57. Furthermore, a chamfer 68 is present between the surface portion 57 and the tip 69 of the tongue. The chamfer 66 can serve as a guide part in that it has a lower angle of inclination towards the surface plane than the angle of inclination A. of the locking surfaces 43, 51.

The support surface 71 of the tongue in this embodiment is substantially parallel to the surface plane HP. Between this support surface and the tip 69 of the tongue, the tongue has a chamfer 70.

According to the invention, the lower lip 40 has a support surface 50 for co-operation with the corresponding support surface 71 on the tongue 36 at a distance from the bottom end 48 of the undercut groove.

When two floorboards are interconnected, abutment is present both between these support surfaces 50, 71 and between the abutment or support surface 43 of the upper lip 39 and the corresponding abutment or support surface 64 of the tongue. In this way a reading of the boards in the direction D1 is obtained. perpendicular to the surface plane HP.

According to the invention, at least the main part of the bottom end 48 of the undercut groove, calculated parallel to the surface plane HP, is further away from the joint plane VP than the outer end or tip 69 of the tongue 36 does. This design considerably simplifies the manufacture, and a displacement of one floorboard relative to another along the joint plane is facilitated.

Another important feature of a mechanical locking system according to the present invention is that all parts of the lower lip 40 connected to the body 30, counted from the place C, where the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP intersect, are outside a plane LP2. This plane is further away from said point C than a locking plane LP1, which is parallel to the plane LP2 and which touches the cooperating locking surfaces 45, 65 of the undercut groove 36 and the tongue 38, where these are most inclined relative to the surface plane HP. Through this ut- ~ *. x @ ngu fi ~ LøcL1: c :::: ¿gæ-in sæx fi sczsss va "10 na man uo nu en nu 1- ~~ n» _. n .- ouu ~ n. u »n ~ a. an I n f . - an - a v. aa -ß o An .n .mv p »~. n n. uaynnu. - m. _ au _. acco - ~. n .. __.- -aan n -... _ 37 molding, the undercut groove, as described in more detail below, can be manufactured by using large disc-shaped rotary cutting tools for machining the edge portions of the floorboards.

Another important feature of a locking system according to the present invention is that the upper and lower lips 39 and 40 and tongue 38 of the joint edge portions 4a, 4b are designed to enable a disassembly of two mechanically interconnected floorboards by pivoting one floorboard upwards relative to the other around a center of oscillation near the intersection point C between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP, so that the tongue of this floorboard is pivoted out from the undercut grooves of the second floorboard.

In the design according to Figs. 21a, 21b such a disengagement is made possible by a slight deflection of the lower lip 40. In other more preferred embodiments of the invention, however, no deflection of the lower lip is required in connection with coupling and disengagement of the floorboards.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 21a, 2lb, the interconnection of two floorboards according to the invention can be carried out in three different ways.

One is that the disc 1 'is laid against the ground and pushed against the already laid disc 1' until the narrow tip 69 of the tongue 38 is inserted into the mouth of the undercut groove 36. Then the floorboard 1 'is angled upwards so that the upper parts 41, 61 of the boards on both sides of the joint plane VP come into contact with each other. While maintaining this contact cup, the disc is angled down by a pivot about the pivot center C. The insertion is done by the bevel 66 being slid 66 along the locking surface 45 of the upper lip 39 while the bevel 70 bevel 70 slides towards the outer edge of the lower lip 40. top. The locking system can then be opened through the floorboard 1 'angled by pivoting around the pivot center C near the intersection between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP.

The second way of effecting the locking is to slide the new board with its grooved joint edge portion 4a against the heavy-duty joint edge portion 4b of the already laid board. Then the new board is swung upwards, until contact is obtained between the upper parts 41, 61 of the boards near the boundary between the surface plane and the joint plane, whereupon the board is swung downwards for joining the tongue and groove until the final locked position is reached. According to the following description, the floorboards can also be joined together by moving one board in an angled position towards the other.

A third way of effecting an interconnection of the floorboards in this embodiment of floorboards according to the invention is that the new board 1 'is displaced horizontally towards the already laid board 1, so that the tongue 38 with its locking element or upwardly directed portion 8 is inserted into the groove. 36, wherein the lower bendable lip 40 is bent down slightly so that the locking element 8 can snap into the undercut portion 35 of the groove. Also in this case a disengagement takes place by angling as described above.

In connection with snapping in, a slight upward bending of the upper lip 39 can also take place as well as a certain compression of all the parts of the groove 36 and the tongue 38 which are in contact with each other during the snapping in. This facilitates admission and can be used to design an optimal joint system.

In order to facilitate the manufacture, angling, angling, snapping and displaceability in the locked position and to minimize the risk of creaking, all surfaces which are not effective for producing a joint with dense upper joint edges and the vertical and horizontal joint, should be designed so that they are not in contact with each other in the locked position and preferably also during locking and unlocking.

This enables manufacturing without the requirement for high tolerances in these joint portions and reduces friction when moving sideways along the joint edge. Examples of surfaces or parts of the joint system that should not have contact with each other in locked 48-69, position are 46-67, 50-70 and 52-72.

WN 1Jo: 1 ”r :; 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 ». - ~ .- 39 The joint system according to the preferred example may consist of several material combinations. The upper lip 39 may consist of a rigid and hard upper surface layer 32 and a softer lower part, which is part of the core 30. The lower lip 40 may consist of the same softer upper part 30 as well as a lower soft part 34, which can be another type of wood. The fiber directions in the three types of wood can vary.

This can be used to provide a joint system that utilizes these material properties. The locking element is therefore according to the invention placed closer to the upper hard and rigid part, which is thus only to a limited extent bendable and compressible, while the snap function is formed in the lower softer and bendable part. It should be pointed out that the joint system can also be designed in a homogeneous floorboard.

Fig. 22 schematically shows the basic principles of angling around a point C (upper joint edges) when using the present invention. Fig. 22 shows schematically how a locking system should be designed to enable angling around the upper joint edges. At this angle, the parts of the joint system follow in a known manner an arc of a circle with center C near the intersection between the surface plane HP and the joint plane VP. If a large gap is allowed between all parts of the joint system or if significant deformation at an angle is possible, the groove and tongue can be designed in a number of different ways. If, on the other hand, the joint system must have contact surfaces that prevent vertical and horizontal separation without play between the abutment or support surfaces and if material deformation is not possible, the joint system should be constructed according to the following principles.

The upper part of the joint system is designed as follows.

C1B is a circular arc having its center C at the top of the upper joint edges 41, 61 and which in this preferred example intersects a point of contact between the upper lip 39 and the upper part of the tongue 38 at the point P2. All other points of contact between P2, P3, P4 and P5 between the upper lip 39 and the upper part 8 of the tongue 38 and between this point of intersection = f 523 823 40 point P2 and the vertical plane VP lie on or inside this circular arc ClB, while all other points of contact from P2 to P1 between the upper lip 39 and the upper part of the tongue 38 and between this intersection point P2 and the outer part of the tongue 38 lie on or outside this circular arc ClB. These conditions should be met for all contact points. For the contact point P5 with the circular arc ClA, all other contact points between P1 and P5 are outside the circular arc ClA, and for the contact point P1, all other contact points between P1 and P5 are inside the circular arc ClC.

The lower part of the joint system is designed according to corresponding principles. C2B is a circular arc which is concentric with the circular arc CIA and which in this preferred example intersects a point of contact between the lower lip 40 and the lower part of the tongue 38 at the point P7. All other points of contact between P7, P8 and P9 between the lower lip 40 and the lower part of the tongue 38 and between this point of intersection P7 and the vertical plane lie on or outside this circular arc C2B, and all other points of contact between P6, P7 and between the lower lip 40 and the lower part of the tongue 38 and between this point of intersection P7 and the outer part of the tongue 38 lies on or inside this circular arc C2B. The same applies to the contact point P6 with the circular arc C2A.

A joint system constructed according to this preferred embodiment can have good widening properties. It can be easily combined with upper abutment or support surfaces 43, 64, which can be parallel to the horizontal plane HP and thus provide a very good vertical locking.

Figs. 23a, 23b show how a joint system according to Figs. 2la, 2b can be manufactured. Normally, the floorboard 1 lies according to the prior art with the surface 2 downwards on a ball-bearing chain in a milling machine which transports the board with extremely high precision past a number of cutters, which for example have a tool diameter of 80-300 mm and which can set at any angle to the horizontal plane of the disc. For 10 15 20 25 30 35 u n -. .- * 523 823 n. »| n »41 to facilitate understanding and comparison with other drawing figures, however, the floorboard is depicted with its surface surface HP upside down. Fig. 23a shows how the first tool with the tool position TP1 creates a traditional groove groove. In this case, the tool works with a tool angle TA1 that is 0 °, ie is parallel to the horizontal plane. The axis of rotation RA1 is perpendicular to HP. The undercut is made with a second tool where the position TP2 and design of the tool is such that the undercut 35 can be designed without the tool affecting the design of the lower lip 40. The tool in this case has an angle TA2 which is equal to the angle of the locking surface 45 in the undercut 35 .

This manufacturing method is possible in that the locking plane LP1 is at such a distance from the joint plane that the tool can be inserted into the previously formed groove. The thickness of the tool can therefore not exceed the distance between the two planes LP1 and LP2, which have been discussed in connection with Figs. 21a and 21b. This manufacturing method is known in the art and does not form part of the manufacturing method of the present invention described below.

Figs. 24a, 24b show another variant of the invention.

This embodiment is characterized in that the joint system is designed entirely according to the basic principles for angling around the upper joint edges as described above. The locking surfaces 45, 65 and the lower support surfaces 50, 71 are flat in this embodiment, but they may be of another shape. C1 and C2 are two circular arcs with center C i at the upper end of adjacent joint edges 41, 61. The smaller circular arc C1 touches the lower contact point closest to the vertical plane between the locking surfaces 45, 65 at the point P4, which has the tangent T11 corresponding to the locking plane LP1 . The locking surfaces 45, 65 have the same inclination as this key. The larger circular arc C2 touches the upper point of contact between the lower support surfaces 50, 71 closest to the inner part 48 of the note at the point P7, which has the tangent T12.

The support surfaces 50, 71 have the same inclination as this key.

All points of contact between the tongue 38 and the upper lip 39, which lies between the point P4 and verti- 'lï-cnífl) ~> Lzñffïi 2 II 13 3 3 i 13 IiÉEJ “~, 2 Ü 12 lš ë' VÄ ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35 t523 823 42 bare plane VP, fulfills the condition that they lie inside or on the circular arc C1, while all contact points, which lie between P4 and the inner part 48 of the note - in this embodiment only the locking surfaces 45, 65 - fulfill the condition that they lie on or outside Cl. Corresponding conditions are met for the contact surfaces between the lower lip 40 and the tongue 38. All contact points between the tongue 38 and the lower lip 40, which lies between the point P7 and the vertical plane VP - in this case only the lower support surfaces 50, 71 - lie on or outside the circular arc C2, while all contact points located between the point P7 and the inner part 48 of the groove are located on or inside the circular arc C2. In this embodiment, there are no contact points between P7 and the inner part 48 of the note.

This embodiment is characterized in particular by the fact that all contact surfaces between the contact point P4 and the joint plane VP, in this case the point P5, and the inner part 48 of the groove, respectively, lie inside and outside the circular arc C1 and thus not on the circular arc C1. The same applies to the contact point P7 where all contact points between P7 and the vertical plane VP, in this case the point P8, and the inner part 48 of the note, respectively, are outside and inside the circular arc C2 and thus not on the circular arc C2. The dashed part of Fig. 24a shows that if this condition is met, the joint system can be designed so that angling can take place with clearance during substantially the entire angular movement, which can end with the discs being locked with a tight fit or with a press fit when they have taken their final horizontal location. The invention thus enables a combination of an angle and an angle without resistance and a locking with high joint quality. If the lower support surfaces 71, 50 are made at a slightly lower angle, a joint system can be provided where only the two above-mentioned points P4 on the upper lip and P7 on the part of the tongue are contact points between the groove 36 and the lower tongue 38 throughout the angle until final locking. , and during the whole angling until the discs can 10 15 20 25 30 35 = 523 823. . a ~ a. 43 detached from each other. Locking with clearance or with only line contact is a great advantage, as the friction becomes low and the discs can easily be angled in and angled up without parts of the system getting stuck and pinching with the risk of the joint system being damaged. Press fitting in a particularly vertical direction is of great importance for strength.

If there is a gap between the abutment or support surfaces, the discs will slide along the locking surfaces under tensile load until the lower abutment or support surfaces have assumed a position with a press fit. A gap will thus result in both joint gap and height differences between upper joint edges. As an example, with a tight fit or press fit, a high strength can be achieved if the locking surfaces have an angle of approx. 40 ° to the surface plane HP and if the lower abutment or support surfaces have an angle of approx. 15 ° towards the surface plane HP.

The locking plane LP1 in Fig. 24a has a locking angle A to the horizontal plane HP of approx. 39 °, while the support plane TL2 along the support surfaces 50, 71 has a support angle VLA of approx. 14 °. The angular difference between LP1 and the support plane TL2 is 25 °. A high locking angle and a large angular difference between the locking angle and the support angle should be sought as this provides a high horizontal locking force. The locking surfaces and support surfaces can be made arcuate, stepped, with several angles, etc., but this complicates the manufacture. As mentioned above, the locking surfaces can also constitute upper support surfaces or be complementary to separate upper support surfaces. Although the locking surfaces and support surfaces have contact points that deviate somewhat from these basic principles, they can be angled around their upper joint edges, if the joint system is adapted so that these contact points or surfaces are small in relation to floor thickness and so that the board material properties in compression, elongation and bending are utilized to the maximum in combination with very small clearances between the contact surfaces. This can be used to increase the locking angle and the angular difference between the locking angle and the support angle. 10 15 20 25 30 35 = p23 823 ---- ~ .... nu 44 The basic principle of angling thus shows that the critical parts are the locking surfaces 45, 65 and the lower support surfaces 50, 71. It also shows that the degree of freedom is large in shaping the other parts, for example the upper support surfaces 43, 64, the guide track guide 44, the reading element 8 guide 66 and top surface 67, the inner parts 48, 49 of the groove 36 and the lower lip 40, the guide of the lower lip and outer part 51 and the outer / lower parts 69, 70, 72 of the tongue. These should preferably deviate from the shape C1 and Cl of the two circular arcs, and between all parts except the upper support surfaces 43, 64 there may be free spaces so that these parts in read position and during angling and angling are not in contact with each other. This facilitates production considerably, as these parts can be formed without high tolerance requirements, and it contributes to a safe angling and angling as well as lower friction in connection with lateral displacement of coupled discs along the joint plane VP (direction D3). Free surface space refers to joint parts that do not have a functional significance to prevent vertical or horizontal displacement or displacement along the joint edge in the locked position. Loose wood fibers and small deformable contact points must thus be considered equivalent to free surfaces.

Angling around the upper joint edge can, as mentioned above, be facilitated if the joint system is designed so that there can be a small play between the above-mentioned locking surfaces 45, 65, if the joint edges of the boards are pressed together. The design play also facilitates lateral displacement in the locked position, reduces the risk of creaking and provides greater degrees of freedom during manufacture, enables angling with locking surfaces that have a greater inclination than the LP1 key and helps to compensate for swelling of the upper joint edges. The game gives significantly smaller joint cracks at the top of the discs and significantly less height displacements than a gap between the abutment or support surfaces would give, mainly due to the fact that this game is small and also because a slide in tensile position will follow it 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 45 the angle of the lower support surface, i.e. an angle which is substantially smaller than the locking angle. This minimal and possible play between the locking surfaces can be very small, for example only 0.01 mm. In the normally joined position, the winch can be non-existent, ie 0, and the joint system can be designed so that a winch only appears at maximum compression of the joint edges of the boards. It has been shown that even larger clearances of about 0.05 mm have a very high joint quality, since the joint gap, which is located in the surface of the HP and which can be relevant in tensile load mode, is hardly visible.

It should be noted that the joint system can be constructed without play between the locking surfaces.

Play and material compression between the locking surfaces and bending of joint parts at the locking surfaces can easily be measured indirectly by tensile loading the joint system and measuring the joint gap at the upper joint edges 41, 61 at a predetermined load below the strength of the joint system. By strength is meant that the joint system does not break or snap out. A suitable tensile load is about 50% of pour strength. As a non-limiting guideline value, it can be mentioned that a longitudinal joint should normally have a strength that exceeds 300 kg per running meter of joint. Short side joints should have even higher strength. A parquet floor with a suitable joint system according to the invention can withstand a tensile load of 1000 kg per running meter of joint. A high-quality joint system should have a joint gap at the upper joint edges 41, 61 of approx. 0.1-0.2 mm, when it is tensile loaded with approximately half the maximum strength. The joint gap must decrease when the load ceases. By varying the tensile load, the relationship between the design play and material deformation can be determined. At lower tensile loads, the joint gap is mainly a measure of the design clearance. At higher loads, the joint gap increases due to material deformation. Joint systems can also be constructed with built-in prestressing and press fit between locking surfaces and support surfaces so that the above-mentioned joint gap is not visible at the above-mentioned load. ^: s: 333WvA «1æWs¿¿2a fi23 s3WvA ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35 1523 s2s 46 The geometry of the joint system, play between the locking surfaces in combination with compression of the material around the upper joint edges 41, 61 can also be measured by sawing the joint up across the joint edge. Since the joint system is manufactured with linear cutting machining, it will have the same profile over its entire joint edge. The only exception is manufacturing tolerances in the form of a lack of parallelism due to the fact that the disc may be rotated or displaced in height and sideways when it passes various milling tools in the machine. Normally, however, the two test pieces from the respective joint edge give a very reliable picture of what the joint system looks like. After the test pieces have been ground and cleaned of loose fibers so that a sharp joint profile emerges, they can be analyzed for joint geometry, material compression, bending, etc. The two joint parts can, for example, be compressed with a force such that it does not damage the joint system and especially not the upper joint edges 41, 61. The clearance between the locking surfaces and the joint geometry can then be measured in a measuring microscope with an accuracy of 0.01 mm or less depending on the equipment. If stable and modern machines are used in the manufacture, a measurement of the profile at two smaller areas on a floorboard is usually sufficient to determine the average clearance, joint geometry, etc.

All measurements must be made when the floorboards are conditioned in a normal relative humidity of about 45%.

The locking element or the upright portion 8 of the tongue also has a guide 66 here. The guide part of the locking element contains parts which have a slope which is lower than the slope of the reading surface and in this case also the slope of the tangent TL1. The appropriate inclination of the tool manufacturing the locking surface 45 is indicated by TA2 which in this embodiment is equal to the key TL1. The locking surface 45 of the groove also has a guide part 44 which cooperates with the guide part 66 of the tongue during the angle. This guide part 45 also contains parts which have a smaller inclination than the locking surface. se * “" * ^ "^" '"\; v_ fvngue-Lsakäzotszzß VA is 331: aß: 333WvA« 10 15 20 25 30 35 1523 azz. - n. .- 47 In the front part of the lower lip 40 there is a rounded guide part 51, which cooperates with the radius in the lower part of the tongue in connection with the lower abutment surface 71 at the point P7 and which facilitates angling.

The lower lip 40 may be resilient. In connection with angling, a smaller compression can also take place of the contact points between the lower parts of the tongue 38 and the lower lip 40. This compression is usually considerably smaller than what may be the case for the locking surfaces because the lower lip 40 can have significantly better suspension properties. than the upper lip 39 and the tongue 38, respectively.

When angled and angled, the lip can thus bend downwards. A flexural capacity of only one tenth of a millimeter or slightly more, together with material compression and small contact surfaces, provides good opportunities to design, for example, the lower support surfaces 50, 71 so that they can have a slope below the TL2 key while angling can easily be done. A bendable lip should be combined with a relatively high locking angle. If the locking angle is low, a large part of the tensile load will press the lip downwards, and the result will be unwanted joint cracks and height differences between the joint edges.

Both the tongue 36 and the tongue 38 have guide parts 42, 51 and 68, facilitate snapping and angling. Fig. 25 shows variants of the invention, where the lower lip 40 is shorter than the upper lip 39 and is thus at a distance from the vertical plane VP. The advantage is that you have greater degrees of freedom to design the locking bar 45 with a high tool angle TA at the same time as relatively large tools can be used. To facilitate snap-in by deflection of the lower lip 40, the groove 36 has been made deeper than is justified by the required space for the tip of the tongue 38. The dotted joint edge portion 4b shows how the parts of the system relate to each other at an angle around the upper joint edge, while the dashed joint edge portion 4b shows how the parts of the system relate 94 :, 10 15 20 25 30 35. . . . n. §523 823 48 to each other in a snap of the tongue into the groove by a displacement of the joint edge portion 4b straight towards the joint edge portion 4a.

Fig. 26 shows another variant of the above-mentioned basic principles. The joint system here is designed with locking surfaces that are angled 90 ° towards the surface plane HP and that are considerably more angled than the TL1 key. However, such a contracted locking system can be opened by angling because the locking surfaces are extremely small and by the joint locking essentially only through line contact. If the frame is hard, such a locking system can provide a high strength. The design of the locking element and the locking surfaces enables snapping in with only a slight deflection of the lower lip, as shown by dashed lines.

Fig. 27 a-c show a laying method by angling. To facilitate the description, one disc is called a note disc and the other a heavy disc. The discs are in practice identical. A possible laying method is that the tongue slab lies flat on the subfloor either as a loose slab or joined to other slabs on one, two or three sides, depending on where in the laying sequence / row it is located. The notch disc is laid with its upper lip 39 partly over the outer part of the tongue 38 so that the upper joint edges are in contact with each other. The groove plate is then turned downwards towards the subfloor at the same time as it is pressed against the joint edge of the tongue plate until final locking takes place according to Fig. 27c.

Floor tiles sometimes have a certain side hook. The notch disc is then pressed and turned downwards until parts of the upper lip 39 are in contact with parts of the upwardly directed portion or locking element 8 of the tongue and parts of the lower lip 40 are in contact with parts of the lower part of the tongue. In this way, any side curvature can be straightened, and the discs can then be angled to their final position and read.

Figs. 27 a-c show that angling can take place with clearance, alternatively only contact between the upper part of the tongue and the tongue or with line contact between the upper and lower parts of the tongue and the tongue; In this embodiment, line contact can occur in points P4 and P7. Angling can be done easily without appreciable resistance and can be completed with a very tight fit that locks the floorboards in the final position with high joint quality vertically and horizontally.

In summary, the angle can in practice be done in the following way. The tongue disc is moved at an angle to the tongue disc, whereby the tongue is passed over a part of the tongue. The notch disc is pressed against the tongue disc and is gradually angled down with, for example, compression in the middle of the disc and then on both edges. When the upper joint edges over the entire board are close to each other or in contact with each other and the board has taken a certain angle to the subfloor, the final down angle can be made.

When the boards are joined together, they can be displaced in the locked position in the direction of the joint, ie parallel to the joint edge.

Figs. 28a-c show how the corresponding laying can be done by angling the tongue disc into the groove disc.

Figs. 29a-b show joining by snapping. When the discs are moved towards each other horizontally, the tongue is guided into the groove. Upon continued compression, the lower lip 40 bends, and the locking element 8 snaps into the locking groove or undercut 35. It should be noted that the preferred joint system shows the basic principles of snap-in, where the lower lip is bendable. The joint system must of course be adapted to the flexural capacity of the material and the depth of the groove 36, the height of the locking element 8 and the thickness of the lower lip 40 and should be dimensioned so that snapping is possible. The basic principles of a joint system according to the invention which is more suitable for use in materials with poorer flexibility and flexibility are shown in the following description and in Fig. 34.

The described laying methods can be used optionally on all four sides and can be combined with each other. After laying a side, a side shift usually takes place in the locked position.

In some cases, for example when angling the short side as the first step, an angling of two * usually takes place. : ungas isckxccøzsza vA ~ 1cWsæ;: cæ: 3: 3 vA ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 o o; . oo 50 discs. Fig. 30 shows a first disc 1, as well as an angled second disc 2a and an angled new third disc 2b which is already on its short side joined to the second disc 2b. After the new disc 2b has been laterally displaced along the short side of the second disc 2a in an angled and short-locked position, the two discs 2a and 2b can be angled down jointly and locked on the long side towards the first disc 1.

In order for this method to work, it is required that the new disc 2b can be inserted with its tongue into the groove when the disc it is displaced parallel to the second disc 2a and when this second disc 2a has a part of its tongue partially inserted. in the groove and when its upper joint edge is in contact with the upper joint edge of the first disc 1. Fig. 30 shows that the joint system can be designed with such a design on the note, tongue and reading element that this is possible.

All installation methods require offset in the read position. An exception to the side offset in the locked position is if several boards are joined together on their short sides, after which a whole row is laid at the same time. However, this is not a rational laying method.

Figs. 3la, 3lb show a part of a floorboard with a combination joint. The groove 36 and the tongue 38 may be formed according to any of the above embodiments. The groove plate has on the underside a known strip 6 with a locking element 8b and a locking surface 10. The tongue side has a locking groove 35 according to a known design. In this embodiment, the reading element 8b with its relatively large guide part 9 functions as an additional guide during the first part of the angle and substantially facilitates this first part of the angle when positioning takes place and possibly the banana shape is straightened. The locking element 8b provides an automatic positioning and compression of the floorboards until the guide part of the tongue engages with the locking groove 35 and final reading can take place.

Laying is considerably facilitated and the joint becomes very strong through the cooperation of the two locking systems. This joint is very suitable for joining large floor areas in especially public spaces. In the example shown 10 15 20 25 30 35 »~ o. .- f 523 823 | . a. .- 51 the strip has 6 sets fst on the note side, but it can also be attached on the tongue side. The placement of the strip 6 is thus optional. Furthermore, the joint can both be snapped in and angled up and moved sideways in the read position.

This joint can of course be used optionally in different variants on both the long and short side, and it can optionally be combined with all the joint variants described here as well as with other known systems.

A suitable combination is a snap system on the short side without an aluminum strip. This can in some cases facilitate production. A strip that is attached after manufacture also has the advantage that it can also form part of or even the entire lower lip 40. This gives very large degrees of freedom for using cutting tools, for example to shape the upper lip 39 and to form locking surfaces. with high locking angles. The locking system according to this embodiment can of course be made snap-fit, and it can also be manufactured with an optional strip width, for example with a strip 6 which does not protrude outside the outer part of the upper lip 39, as is the case in the embodiment according to Fig. 50. The strip does not need be continuous over the entire length of the joint but can consist of several smaller sections, which are attached at intervals on both the long side and the short side.

The locking element 8b and its locking groove 35 can be designed with different angles, heights and radii which can be selected optionally so that they either prevent separation and / or facilitate angling or snapping.

Figures 32a-d show in four steps how angling can be done. The wide strip 6 enables the tongue 38 to be easily placed on the strip at the beginning of the angle. The tongue can then, in connection with downgrading, in principle automatically slide into the groove 36. The corresponding laying can be done by inserting the strip 6 under the tongue disc. All laying functions described above can also be used in floorboards with this preferred combination system.

Figures 33 and 34 show a production-adapted and optimized joint system for mainly a floorboard with a core of * a §az2co: 3zeHvA ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35: 523 823 52 wood. Fig. 33 shows how the long side can be designed. The joint system is in this case optimized with regard mainly to angles, angles and low material waste. Fig. 34 shows how the short side can be designed. The joint system is in this case optimized for snapping and high pour strength. The following differences exist. The tongue 38a of the short side 5a and the locking element are longer, measured in the horizontal plane. This gives a higher shear strength in the locking element 8. The groove 36 is deeper on the short side 5b, which contributes to the lower lip being able to bend down more. The locking element 8 is on the short side 5a lower in the vertical direction, which reduces the requirement for the lower lip deflection in connection with snapping. The locking surfaces 45.65 have a higher locking angle and lower abutment surfaces have a lower angle. The guide parts of the longitudinal side 4a, 4b in the reading element and the locking groove are larger for optimal guidance, while the contact surface between the locking surfaces is smaller because the strength requirements are lower than for the short side. The joint systems on the long and short side can consist of different materials or material properties in the upper lip, lower lip and in the tongue and these properties can be adapted so that they help to optimize the different properties that are sought for the long and short side with regard to function and rock strength.

Fig. 35 shows in detail how the joint system of the floorboard can be designed on the long side. The principles described here can of course be used both on the long side and on the short side.

Only those parts that were not previously dealt with in detail will now mainly be described.

The locking surfaces 45, 65 have an angle HLA which is larger than the key TL1. This provides higher horizontal locking force.

This overbending should be adapted to the wood material in the core and optimized with regard to compression and flexural stiffness so that angling and angling can still take place.

The contact surfaces of the locking surfaces should be minimized and adapted to the properties of the frame. When the discs are joined together, a smaller part, preferably less than half of the locking element's outlet 15 f 2523 823 o o ». »N - Q a. .- 53 vertical extension, of the contact surfaces of the locking element 8 and the locking groove 14. The larger part constitutes rounded, inclined or curved guide parts which in the joined position and during angling and angling are not in contact with each other.

The inventor has discovered that very small contact surfaces in relation to the floor thickness T between the locking surfaces 45, 65, for example a few tenths of a millimeter can give a very high locking force and that this locking force can exceed the locking element's shear strength in the horizontal plane (ie surface plane HP). This can be used to provide locking surfaces with an angle exceeding the TL1 key.

The locking surfaces 45, 65 are in this case flat and parallel. This is an advantage especially when it comes to the locking surface 45 of the locking groove. If the tool is displaced parallel to the locking surface 45, this will not affect the vertical distance to the joint plane VP, and it is easier to achieve a high joint quality. Of course, small deviations from the planar shape can give equivalent results.

Correspondingly, the lower support surfaces 50, 71 have been formed substantially flat and with an angle VLA2 which in this case is greater than the tangent line TL2 to the point P7, which lies on the support surface 71 closest to the bottom of the groove.

This gives an angle of clearance during essentially the entire angular movement. The support surfaces 50, 71 are also relatively small in relation to the floor thickness T. These support surfaces can also be designed substantially flat. Flat support surfaces facilitate production according to the principles described above.

Support surfaces 50, 71 can also be made with angles that are smaller than the angle of inclination of the key TL2. Angling can in this case take place partly with the help of some material compression and deflection of the lower lip 40. If the lower support surfaces 50,71 are small in relation to the floor thickness T, the possibilities of designing these surfaces with angles that are larger and smaller increase than the TL1 and TL2 keys, respectively. 'fïfllš JE ífïä-låíš ufffš. Fig. 36 shows an angle of a disc which has a geometry according to Fig. 35 and whose locking surfaces thus have a greater inclination than the key TL1 and whose supporting surfaces have a smaller inclination than key TL2 at the same time as these surfaces are relatively small. The overlap at points P4 and P7 in connection with angling and angling will then be extremely small. The point P4 can be angled due to a combination of the material being compressed at the upper joint edges K1, K2 and around the point P4, K3, K4 at the same time as the upper lip 39 and tongue 38 can bend in the direction B1 and B2 from the contact point P4. The lower lip may bend downwards away from the point of contact P7 in the direction B3.

The upper support surfaces 43,64 are preferably perpendicular to the joint plane VP. Manufacturing is significantly facilitated if the upper and lower support surfaces are plane-parallel and preferably horizontal.

Reference is now made again to Fig. 35. The circular arch C1 shows, for example, that the upper support surfaces can be designed in a number of different ways inside this circular arch C1 without this interfering with the possibilities of angling and snapping. In the same way, the circular arc C2 shows that the inner parts of the groove and the outer parts of the tongue can be designed in a number of different ways according to previously agreed principles without this interfering with the possibilities of angling and snapping.

The upper lip 39 is thicker over its entire extent than the lower lip 40. This is advantageous from the point of view of strength. In addition, this is an advantage for parquet floors, which can thereby be formed with a thicker surface layer of a hard wood.

S1-S5 indicate areas where joint surfaces on both sides should not be in contact with each other at least in the joined position but preferably also below the angle. Contact between the tongue and the groove in these areas S1-S5 contributes only marginally to improving the locking in the D1 direction and hardly at all to improving the locking in the D2 direction. Contact, however, prevents angling and lateral displacement, creates unnecessary tolerance problems in connection with 10 15 20 25 30 35 n. - n a. 55 manufacturing and increases the risk of creaking and unwanted effects when the discs swell.

The tool angle TA, indicated by TA4 in Fig. 38d, forms the locking surface 44 of the undercut 35 and acts at the same angle as the angle of the reading surface, and the part of this tool which lies within the vertical plane towards the groove has a width perpendicular to the tool angle TA indicated with TT. The angle TA and the width TT partly determine the possibilities of shaping the outer parts 52 of the lower lip 40.

A number of ratios and angles are important for obtaining the optimal manufacturing method, function, cost and durability.

The contact surfaces should be minimized. This reduces friction and facilitates displacement in the read position, angling and snapping, simplifies production and reduces the risk of swelling problems and creaking. In the preferred example, less than 30% of the surface portions of the tongue 38 constitute contact surfaces with the groove 36. The contact surfaces of the locking surfaces 65, 45 are in this embodiment only 2% of the floor thickness T, and the lower support surfaces have a contact surface which is only 10% of the floor thickness T. The locking system has, as mentioned above in this embodiment, several parts S1-S5 which constitute free surfaces without contact with each other. The space between these free surfaces and the joint system in general can, within the scope of the invention, be filled with glue, sealant, impregnation of various kinds, lubricants and the like. Free surfaces here refer to the shape of the surfaces in the joint system that it receives when machining with the respective cutting tool.

If the joint has a tight fit, the locking surfaces 65, 45 can prevent horizontal separation even when they have an angle HLA to the horizontal plane HP that is greater than zero.

However, the tensile strength of the joint system increases considerably when this locking angle becomes larger and when there is an angular difference between the reading angle HLA of the locking surfaces 45, 65 and the abutment angle VLA2 of the lower support surfaces 50, 71, preceded by; - ~ f. L] C _ 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 ~> a u n 56 sat that this angle is smaller. If low demands are placed on strength, the locking surfaces can be designed with low angles and small angular differences to the lower installation surfaces.

In order to achieve good joint quality in floating floors, it is generally required that the locking angle HLA and the angle difference to the lower support surfaces HLA - VLA2 is approx. 20 °. Even better strength is obtained if the locking angle HLA and the angular difference HLA-VLA2 is, for example, 30 °. In the preferred example of Fig. 35, the locking angle is 50 ° and the angle of the support surfaces is 20 °. As shown in previous embodiments, joint systems according to the invention can be designed with even larger locking angle angles and angle differences.

A number of tests have been done with different locking angles and abutment angles. These tests show that it is possible to design a high-quality joint system with locking angles between 40-55 ° and with support surface angles between 0 ° and 25 °.

It should be pointed out that other ratios can also provide a satisfactory function.

The horizontal extent PA of the tongue should exceed 1/3 part of the thickness T of the floorboard, and it should preferably be about 0.5 * T. This is generally required for a strong locking element 8 with a guide part to be able to be formed and for it to there is sufficient material in the upper lip 39 between the locking surface 65 and the vertical plane VP.

The horizontal extent PA of the tongue 38 should be divided into two substantially equal parts PA1 and PA2, where PA1 should constitute the locking element and the greater part of PA2 should constitute the support surface 64. The extent of the locking element horizontal PA1 should not be less than 0.2 times the floor thickness. The upper support surface 64 should not be too large, mainly on the long side of the floorboard. Otherwise, the friction during lateral displacement may be too high. To enable rational production, the depth G of the groove groove should be 2% deeper than the tongue PA protrudes from the VP joint. The minimum distance of the upper lip to the floor surface at the locking groove 35 should be greater than the minimum distance of the lower lip between the lower support surface 71 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 57 and the back of the floorboard. The tool width TT should exceed 0.1 times the floor thickness T.

Figs. 37a-c show a floorboard according to the invention.

This embodiment shows in particular that the joint system on the short side can consist of different materials and material combinations 30b and 30c and that these can also differ from the longitudinal joint material 30. For example, the groove part 36 of the cross sides can consist of a harder and more flexible wooden material 38 which can be hard and stiff and have other properties of the longitudinal core. On the short side with the groove groove 36, one can, for example, choose a type of wood 30b which is more flexible than the type of wood 30c on the other short side where the tongue is formed. This is especially suitable in parquet floors with a slatted frame where the top and bottom consist of different types of wood and the core consists of glued rods. This design offers great opportunities to vary the material composition to optimize function, strength and production cost.

You can also vary the material along the length of a page. Thus, for example, the rods lying between the two short sides may be of different types of wood or material, so that some may be selected taking into account that they contribute with suitable properties, which improve laying, strength, etc. Different properties can also is achieved with different fiber orientations on the long and short sides, and plastic materials can also be used on the short sides and, for example, on different parts of the long side. If the floorboard or parts of its frame consist of, for example, plywood with several layers, these layers can be chosen so that the upper lip, tongue and lower lip on both the long and short side can all have parts with different material composition, fiber orientation etc. that can give different properties with regard to strength, flexibility, machinability, etc.

Figures 38a-d show a manufacturing method according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown, the production of the joint edge and groove takes place in four steps. Utilized tools have a tool diameter that exceeds the floor size. ». .o 523 823 58 thickness. The tools are used to form an undercut groove with a high locking angle in a groove with a lower lip, which extends past the undercut groove.

To simplify the understanding and comparison with the previously described joint systems, the edges of the boards are imaged with the floor surface facing upwards. Normally, however, the discs lie face down during machining.

The first tool TP1 is a router, which works at an angle TA1 to the horizontal plane. The second tool TP2 can work horizontally and forms the upper and lower support surfaces. The third tool TA3 can work mainly vertically but also at an angle and shapes the upper joint edge.

The critical tool is the TP4 tool, which forms the outer part of the locking groove and its locking surface. TA4 corresponds to TA in Fig. 35 As shown in Fig. 38d, this tool removes only a minimal part of the material and essentially forms the locking surface at a high angle. In order for the tool not to break, it should be designed with a wide part that extends outside the vertical plane. In addition, the material part to be felled should be as small as possible to reduce wear and strain on the tool. This is achieved with a suitable angle and design of the cutter TP1.

This manufacturing method is thus characterized in particular by the fact that at least two cutting tools are required which work at two different angles to form an undercut locking groove 35 in the upper part of the groove 36. The groove can be manufactured with even more tools and with a different order between works - the fabric.

Fig. 39 shows how a joint system can be designed to enable compensation of swelling. As the relative humidity increases at the transition between cold and warm weather, the surface layer 32 swells and the floorboards 4a and 4b are pressed apart. If the joint lacks flexibility, the joint edges 41 and 61 can be crushed or the locking element 8 can be broken. This problem can be solved by *. rongue-1> cx :: @ ®: 3s; : A 1s_§§ \ 2: a: 3: 3 va- 10 l5 20 25 30 35 523 823. . . . n -. ~. . . n. . . ... 59 the joint system is designed so that it has the following properties which individually and in combination contribute to reducing the problem.

The joint system can be designed so that the floorboards can take up little play when the joint edges are pressed together horizontally, for example in connection with production and in normal humidity. Bets of a few hundredths of a millimeter help reduce the problem. Negative games, ie bias, can have the opposite effect.

If the contact area between the locking surfaces 45, 65 is small, the joint system can be designed so that the locking surfaces are compressed more easily than the upper joint edges 41,61. The locking element 8 can be formed with a groove 64a between the locking surface and the upper horizontal support surface 64. With a suitable design of the tongue 38 and the locking element 8, the outer part 69 of the tongue can be bent outwards towards the inner part 48 and act as a resilient element. the surface layers.

In this embodiment, the lower support surfaces of the joint system have been designed parallel to the horizontal plane to provide maximum locking vertically. It is also possible to achieve extensibility by applying a compressible material between, for example, the two locking surfaces 45, 65 or to choose compressible materials as the material for the tongue or the heavy part.

Fig. 40 shows a joint system according to the invention optimized for high rigidity in the tongue 38. In this case, the outer part of the tongue has contact with the inner part of the groove. If this contact area is small and if the contact takes place without too much compression, the joint system can be displaceable in the locked position.

Fig. 41 shows a joint system where the lower support surfaces 50, 71 have two angles. The portions of the support surfaces outside the joint plane are parallel to the horizontal plane. Within the joint plane closest to the inner part of the groove, they have an angle corresponding to the tangent to the arc of a circle C2, which touches the innermost edge of the abutting parts of the support surfaces. The locking surfaces have a relatively low locking angle. Hàllfast- i 'š fi.-'. »" Ä ~ -1- (š .äš-Éx fifi lišfï fi l-'šš 12% »10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 n» ona - now u 60 heat can still be sufficient, because the lower lip 40 can be made hard and rigid and because the difference in angle is large towards the parallel part of the lower support surfaces 50, 71. The locking surfaces 45, 65 also serve in this embodiment as upper support surfaces. support surfaces in addition to the locking surfaces which thus also prevent vertical separation.

Figs. 42a and 42b show a joint system which is suitable for short-side locking and which can have a high tensile strength even in softer materials because the locking element 8 has a large horizontal shear-receiving surface. The tongue 38 has a lower part which lies outside the arc of the circle C2 and which thus does not follow the basic principle of angling described above. As can be seen from Fig. 42b, the joint system can still be released by angling around the upper joint edges, since the locking element 8 of the tongue 38, after the first angling moment has been performed, can leave the groove by a horizontal extension. The principles previously described for insertion and angling around over joint edges should thus be met to enable an angle until the joint system can be loosened in another way by, for example, pulling out or in combination with snap-out when the lower lip 40 is bent.

Figs. 43a-c show the basic principle of how the lower part of the tongue should be designed in relation to the lower lip 40 to facilitate a horizontal snapping according to the invention in a joint system with locking grooves in a rigid upper lip 39 and with a bendable lower lip 40. In this exemplary embodiment, the upper lip 39 is substantially stiffer, partly due to the fact that it can be thicker or that it can consist of harder and stiffer material. The lower lip 40 can be thinner and softer and the main bending will therefore take place in the case of a snap in the lower lip 40. Snapping can be significantly facilitated, among other things, by limiting the maximum bending of the lower lip 40 as far as possible. Fig. 43a shows that the curvature of the lower lip 40 will increase * «_vA-1cms§ \ 2a :::: 3Wvs ~ 10 l5 20 25 30 35 523 823 -u Q. ø. .a o 61 to a maximum bending level B1 which is characterized in that the tongue 38 is inserted so far into the groove 36 that the rounded guide parts come into contact with each other. When the tongue 38 is further inserted, the lower lip 49 will be bent back until the snap-in is completed and the reading element 8 is fully inserted in its final position in the locking groove 35. The lower and front part 49 of the tongue 38 should be designed so that it does not bend down the lower lip 40 which should instead be forced downwards by the lower support surface 50. This part 49 of the tongue should have a shape which either touches or moves free from the lower lip 40 maximum bending level when this lower lip 40 is bent around the the outer part of the lower abutment surface 50 of the tongue 38. If the tongue 38 has a shape which in this position overlaps the lower lip 40, shown by the dashed line 49b, the bend B2 according to Fig. 43b can become substantially larger. This can lead to great friction in connection with snapping and the risk of the joint being damaged.

Fig. 43c shows that the maximum bend can be limited in that the groove 36 and the spring 38 are designed such that there is a space S4 between the lower and outer part 49 of the spring and the lower lip 40.

Horizontal snapping is usually used in connection with snapping the short side after the long side has already been read. When snapping the long side, you can also snap the joint system according to the invention with one board in a slightly angled position. This angled snap position is shown in Fig. 44. Only a slight bend B3 of the lower lip 40 is required for the guide member 66 of the locking member to come into contact with the guide member 44 of the locking groove so that the locking member can then be inserted into the locking groove 35 at an angle.

Figs. 45-50 show different variants of the invention which can be used on the long or short side and which can be manufactured with large rotary cutting tools. With modern manufacturing technology, it is possible according to the invention to form complicated shapes with cutting processing in sheet material at a low cost. It should be pointed out that ÄYfJJßIx-ijli-Cà ~ - l 'IT-fik 2' LE 01. * 3 3 S. * lfßš- få. [I C 2 3 3 3 'Jkä ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35. szs sz: »-. . p. 62 most of the reported geometries in these and previously preferred figures can of course be formed by, for example, extrusion, but this method is usually considerably more expensive than cutting machining and is not suitable for forming most sheet material normally used in flooring.

Figures 45a and 45b show a locking system according to the invention where the outer part of the tongue 38 has been designed so that it is bendable. This flexibility has been achieved by splitting the tip of the tongue. Upon snapping, the lower lip 40 bends downward and the outer lower portion of the tongue 38 upward.

Figs. 46a and 46b show a locking system according to the invention with a split tongue. When snapped, both parts of the tongue bend towards each other at the same time as the two lips bend away from each other.

Both of these two joint systems are such that they can be angled in or out for locking and disassembly.

Figs. 47a and 476b show a combination joint, where a separate part 40b forms an extended part of the lower lip and where this part can be resilient. The joint system is angular. The lower lip, which forms part of the body, is designed with its support surface in such a way that snapping can take place without this lip having to bend. Only the extended separate part, which can be made of aluminum plate, is resilient. The joint system can also be designed so that both parts of the lip are resilient.

Figs. 48a and 48b show the snapping of a combination joint with a lower lip consisting of two parts, where only the separate lip constitutes the support surface. This joint system can, for example, be used on the short side together with any other joint system according to the invention. The advantage of this joint system is that, for example, the locking groove 35 can be designed rationally with large degrees of freedom and with large cutting tools. After the cutting operation, the outer lip 40b is fixed, and its shape does not affect the shape. Tongue -:> ca :: c ::: ¿3: A in ssazuczgsx vs »10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823». . . . n a. . . .., 63 job opportunities. The outer lip 40b is resilient and in this embodiment has no locking element. Another advantage is that the joint system enables the jointing of extremely thin core materials, since the lower lip can be made very thin. The core material can be, for example, a thin compact laminate, and the upper and lower layers can be relatively thick layers of, for example, cork or soft plastic material, which can provide a soft and sound-absorbing floor. With this technology, it is possible to join core material with a thickness of approx. 2 mm compared with normal core material, which is generally not thinner than 7 mm. The thickness savings achieved can be used to increase the thickness of the other layers. It is obvious that this joint can also be used in thicker materials.

Figures 49 and 50 show two variants of combination joints, which can be used in, for example, the short side in combination with other preferred systems. The combination joint according to Fig. 49 can be made in an embodiment where the strip forms an extended resilient part of the tongue and the system then has a function similar to that in Fig. 45. Fig. 50 i shows that this combination joint can be formed with a locking element 8b in the outer lower lip 40b which lies within the joint plane.

Figures 5la-f show a laying method which is according to the invention and which can be used for joining floorboards by a combination of horizontal joining, angling, snapping in angled position and downgrading. This laying method can be used for floorboards according to the invention, but it is also possible to use them on optional mechanical joint systems in floors which have such properties that the laying method can be applied. To simplify the description, the laying method is shown by joining one disc, called the music disc, to the other disc, called the tongue disc. The discs are practically identical. It is obvious that the entire laying sequence can also be carried out by adding the heavy side to the groove side in the same way. 10 15 20 25 30 35 .. “... u N 52 °” '0 ~ u aan: ... rø-.e .. ~' I '...... ... . ._. . _. ? '? 2 :: ::. * "- V- 992: ~ ° - - - .-» M .sgu:. ~ - n, 64 A tongue disc 4a with a tongue 38 and a tongue disc 4b with a tongue groove 36 The tongue 38 and the tongue groove 36 have locking means which prevent vertical and horizontal separation.Then the tongue plate 4b is displaced horizontally in the direction F1 towards the tongue plate 4a until the tongue 38 is in contact with the tongue groove. 36 and until the upper and lower parts of the tongue are partially inserted into the groove of Fig. 51b. This first step forces the joint edge portions of the discs to assume the same relative height position over the entire length of the disc, and any differences in arcuate shape will therefore be straightened.

If the notch is moved towards the tongue, the groove edge portion of the notch will be slightly raised in this position. The notch disc 4b is then angled up with an angular movement S1 at the same time as it is kept in contact with the tongue disc or alternatively pressed in the direction F1 towards the tongue disc 4a according to Fig. 51c.

When the groove plate 4b reaches an angle SA to the subfloor corresponding to an angled snap position, as described above and shown in Fig. 44, the groove plate 4b can be moved against the tongue plate 4a so that the upper joint edges 41, 61 come into contact with each other and so that the tongue locking means partially is inserted into the locking means of the note by a snap function.

This snap function in the angled position is characterized in that the outer parts of the groove groove widen and spring back.

The expansion is significantly smaller than what is required for a snap into a horizontal position. The snap angle SA is dependent on the force with which the discs are pressed against each other in connection with angling of the groove disc 4b. If the pressing force in direction F1 is high, the discs will snap in at a lower angle SA than if the force is low. The snap-in mode is also characterized by the control parts of the locking members being in contact with each other so that they can fulfill their snap-in function. If the discs are banana-shaped, they will be straightened and read in connection with the snapping. The groove plate 4b can now, with an angular movement S2 combined with pressing against the joint edge, be angled downwards in accordance with Fig. 51e and locked against the tongue plate in its final position. This is shown in Fig. 5lf.

Depending on the construction of the joint, it is possible to determine with high accuracy the snap angle SA which gives the best function with regard to that snap-in can take place with reasonable force and that the control parts of the locking means can be in such engagement that they can hold together any banana shape so that a final reading can take place without the risk of damaging the joint system.

According to the preferred laying method, the floorboards can be installed without any actual aids. The installation can in some cases be facilitated by if it takes place with suitable aids according to Figs. 52a and 52b. A preferred aid according to the present invention may be a percussion or press block 80 which is designed so as to have a front and lower part 81 which angles up the sheet pile when it is inserted under the edge portion of the floorboard. It has an upper abutment edge 82, which in angled position is in contact with the edge portion of the groove disc. When the impact block 80 is inserted under the notch so that the abutment edge 82 is in contact with the floorboard, the notch will have the predetermined snap angle. The tongue of the notch 4a can now be snapped together with the tongue of the tongue by pressing or hitting the impact block. The impact block can of course be moved to different parts of the disc. It is obvious that this can be done in combination with other pressing against the other parts of the disc, with the use of several percussion blocks and with the use of different types of aids that give similar results where for example one aid angles the disc up to the snap angle and another is used for pressing. The same method can be used, if you instead want to angle up the note side of the new disc and merge it with the heavy side of the already laid disc.

The description will now focus on various aspects of a tool for laying floorboards. Such a tool for laying floorboards by interconnecting a groove and tongue-and-groove joint in these may be designed as a block 80 with an engaging surface 82 for engaging the groove. - 15 15 25 25 25 5 2 3 8 2 3 IÄÉE - IÅÉÉ - IÅÉÉ šffš 66 with a joint edge 4a, 4b at the joint edge portion of the floorboard. The tool can be designed as a wedge for insertion under the floorboard and have its engaging surface 82 arranged near the thicker end of the wedge. The engaging surface 82 of the tool can be concavely cupped for at least partial enclosing of the joint edge 4a, 4b of the floorboard. Furthermore, the wedge angle S1 of the wedge and the location of the engaging surface 82 on the thicker portion of the wedge may be adapted to obtain a predetermined lifting angle of a floorboard, when it is lifted by the wedge 80 and the joint edge of the floorboard touches the engaging surface 82. The wedge 80 abutment surface 82 may be 4b which has an obliquely upwardly directed tongue 38 for joining a undercut groove 36a formed at the opposite joint edge portion 4a of the floorboard with an already previously laid floor slab tongue 38. Alternatively, the abutment surface 82 of the wedge may be designed to abut against a joint edge portion 4a , for joining an inclined upwardly directed tongue 38b formed at the opposite joint edge portion 4b of the floorboard.

The tool described above can be used for mechanical joining of floorboards by lifting one floorboard relative to another and joining and interlocking mechanical locking systems of the floorboards.

The tool can also be used for mechanical joining of such a floorboard with another such floorboard by snapping together the mechanical locking system of the floorboards while the floorboard is in a raised condition. Furthermore, the tool can be used so that the engaging surface 82 of the wedge is brought into abutment against a joint edge portion 4b which has an obliquely upwardly directed tongue 38 for joining a wide floor 523 823 a »~. .- 67 of the opposite joint edge portion 4a of the slab formed undercut groove 36 with the tongue 38 of an already laid floor slab.

Alternatively, the tool can be used so that the wedge engaging surface 82 is brought into abutment against a joint edge portion 4a, which has a notched groove 36, for joining a joint edge portion 4b formed at the floor plate opposite the floor plate with an undercut groove 38 of an already laid floorboard.

Fig. 53 shows that the discs 2a and 2b, after being joined with adjacent discs along the long side edge, can be displaced in locked position in the direction F2 so that joining of the other two sides can take place by a horizontal snap.

Snap-in in an angled position can be done on both long sides and short sides. If the short side of a disc is first joined, its long side can also be snapped in an angled position by angling this disc with its locked short side up so that it takes its snap angle. Then snap-in takes place in an angled position at the same time as displacement in locked position takes place along the short side. After snapping in, the disc is angled down and it is locked on both the long and short sides.

Figs. 53 and 54 also describe a problem which may arise in connection with the snapping of two short sides of two boards 2a and 2b which are already joined on their long sides with another first board 1. When the floorboard 2a is to snap to the floorboard 2b, the inner corner portions 91 and 92, closest to the long side of the first disc, in the same plane. This is because the two boards 2a and 2b on their respective long sides are joined to the same floorboard 1. According to Fig. 54b, which shows the section C3 - C4, the tongue 38 can not be inserted into the groove 39 to begin the deflection of the lower lip 40. In the outer corner portions 93, 94 at the other long side, at the section C1 - C2 shown in Fig. 54a, the spring 38 can be inserted into the groove 36 to begin the deflection of the lower lip 40, by the disc 10 523 823 WÉ- “fi ffšllšï IIïïïfÅš 68 2b is automatically angled up corresponding to the height of the locking element 8.

The inventor has thus discovered that there may be problems in connection with the interception of inner corner portions during lateral displacement in the same plane and that these problems can lead to high interception resistance and risk of crack formation in the joint system. The problem can be solved by a suitable joint design and material selection that enables material deformation and bending in a plurality of joint portions.

When intercepting such a specially designed joint system, the following takes place. In lateral displacement, the outer guide parts 42, 68 of the tongue and the upper lip cooperate and force the locking element 8 of the tongue under the outer part of the upper lip 39. The tongue bends downwards and the upper lip bends upwards. This is shown by arrows in Figure 54b. The corner portion 92 in Fig. 53 is pushed upwards by bending the lower lip 40 on the long side of disc 2b and the corner portion 91 is pressed downwards by bending the upper lip on the long side of disc 2a upwards. The joint system should be designed so that the sum of these four deformations is so large that the locking element can slide along the upper lip and snap into the locking groove. It is known that the groove 36 should be able to widen in connection with a snap. However, it is not known that it can be an advantage if the tongue, which should normally be rigid, should also be designed so that it can bend in connection with entrapment. Such an embodiment is shown in Fig. 55. A groove or the like 63 can be made at the upper and inner part of the tongue inside the vertical plane VP. The entire extension PB of the tongue from its inner part to its outer part can be extended and it can, for example, be made larger than half the floor thickness T Figures 56 and 57 show how the parts of the joint system bend in connection with snapping at the inner corner portion 91.92 (Fig. 57) and the outer corner portion 93, 94 (Fig. 56) of two floorboards 2a and 2b. To simplify the production, it is assumed that only the thin lip and the spring bend. In practice, of course, all parts 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 69 which are exposed to pressure will be compressed and bent to varying degrees depending on thickness, bendability, material composition, etc.

Figs. 56a and 57a show the position when the edges of the discs come into contact with each other. The joint system is so constructed that already in this position the outermost tip of the tongue 38 is inside the outer part of the lower lip 40. As the discs are pushed against each other further, the tongue 38 in the inner corner 91, 92 will push the disc 2b upwards according to Figs. 56b, 57b. The tongue will bend downwards and the disc 2b at the outer corner 93.94 will be angled upwards. Fig. 57c shows the tongue 38 at the inner corner 91.92 will be bent downwards. At the outer corner 93,94 of Fig. 56c, the tongue 38 bends upward and the lower lip 40 downward. According to 56d, 57d this bending continues as the discs are pushed further towards each other and now also the lower lip 40 at the inner corner 91.92 is bent according to 57d. Figs. 56e, 57e show the snapped-in position. Snapping can thus be significantly facilitated if the tongue 38 is bendable and if the outer part of the tongue 38 lies inside the outer part of the lower lip 40 when the tongue and tongue come into contact with each other when the boards are in the same plane in connection with snapping which takes place after the floorboard has already been read along its other two pages.

A number of variants can occur within the scope of the invention. The inventor has manufactured and evaluated a number of different variants where the different parts of the joint system have been manufactured with different widths, lengths, thicknesses, angles and radii in a number of different board materials and in homogeneous plastic and wood panels. All joint systems have been tested in an upside down position and with snapping and angling of the tongue and groove discs relative to each other and with different combinations of the systems reported here as well as known systems on the long and short sides, respectively. Locking systems have been manufactured where locking surfaces are also upper contact surfaces, where the spring and the tongue have had several locking elements and locking grooves, as well as where the lower lip and lower part of “S 14:25! f? .E ~ I: 1. rf fi afi lg; f ïælæutwylß. 1wngue ~ lomk \ 2ïu3333 vä-10 $ E \ 20C2ï3¿Wï§ ~ ~> *. vnmumw names I 7523 823 70 spring designed with horizontal locking means in the form of locking elements and locking grooves. f * »; 1 É'§} .§ \, _ I? Û F32 Ås lš, ä-ffz "

Claims (46)

1. 0 15 20 25 30 35 523 823. . L. -. 71 CLAIMS 1. Locking system for mechanical joining of floorboards (1, 1 ') around a joint plane (VP), which floorboards (1, 1') have a frame (30), 32), a back side (34) and opposite joint edge portions ( 4a, 4b), one of which (4a) (36), and lower lips and having a bottom end a front side (2, is formed as a groove bounded by upper (39, 40) (48), the other (4b ) is formed as a tongue (38) with an upwardly directed portion (8) at its free outer end, the groove (36), (VP), with a mouth, the shape having a view from the joint plane (36) and an inner locking surface (45) of an undercut groove inner portion (35) and wherein at least parts of the lower lip (40) are formed in one piece with the floorboard frame (30) and wherein the tongue (38) has a locking surface (65), which are designed to cooperate with the inner locking surface (45) of an an- (36), are mechanically joined, adjacent floorboard grooves when two such floorboards (1, 1 ') so that their fronts (4a, 4b) lie in the same surface plane (HP) the joint plane and meet at the perpendicular d directed at it (VP), characterized in that at least the main part of the bottom end (48) of the groove, counted parallel to the surface plane (HP), (VP) is further away from the joint plane (38) (69) causes the groove (36) the lip (39) within the undercut portion of the groove than the outer end inner surface (45) of the tongue is formed on the upper (35) for (38) corresponding locking surface (65), which is formed on the interaction of the tongue with the upwardly directed portion of the tongue (38) (8) for counteracting the contraction of two mechanically interconnected discs in a direction (D2) perpendicular to the joint plane (VP), that the lower lip has a support surface (50) for co-operation with a corresponding support surface (71) on the tongue (38) on 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 72 distance from the bottom end (36) of the undercut groove, which support surfaces are intended to cooperate to counteract a relative displacement of two mechanically interconnected discs in a direction (D1) perpendicular to the surface - the plane (HP), that all parts of the lower lip (40) with the body-connected parts, from the place (C), where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) intersect, are outside a plane (LP2), which is further away from said place than a parallel locking plane (LP1). , which is tangent to the cooperating locking surfaces (45, 65) of the groove (36) and the tongue (38) where these are most inclined relative to the surface plane (HP), and (4a, (39) and lower (40) lips and tongue (38) are formed to enable a disengagement of two mechanically interconnected floorboards by pivoting up one floorboard so that the joint edge portions 4b) upper relative to the other about a pivot center (C) near an intersection point between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) of disassembly the tongue (38) of one floorboard (l ') and the tongue (36) of the other floorboard (1). Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper (39) and (40) (38) of the joint edge portions (4a, 4b) of a joint of two floorboards (1, 1 ') by one floorboard , while the two floorboards are substantially in contact with each other, the lower lips are pivoted downwards and the tongue is designed for possible- the other around a center of oscillation (C) near an intersection point between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) for joining one the floor of the floorboard with the groove of the other floorboard. 3. A reading system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the undercut groove (36) and the tongue (38) have such a design that a floorboard (1, '1), which is mechanically coupled to a similar board, is displaceable in one direction (D3) along the joint plane (VP). ”“. '_i * f; =: 1f; ie ~ iofs). 2. C íJ p; 3 12 __fv '. »" - s - ~ 1-3 2 C 3 "Z 31; .ïvuuïfä «10 15 20 25 30 35 I c p» n I - I n o a n u g. .-,, ". ' usaa 4 »un v-. un, m1» nu .aa 4. naa ~.,., '. o .- o aa u _ ua..' onau .- ..n .n... '73 4. Locking system according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (36) are designed to enable interconnection and disconnection of one disc with another by pivoting it. one disc relative to the other while maintaining contact between the discs at a location (C) of the joint edge portions of the discs near the cut (VP) 5. Locking system according to any preceding claim, drawn between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (38) and the undercut groove (36) are designed to enable disconnection and disassembly of discs by pivoting one disc relative to another while maintaining contact between the discs at a location of the disc edge portions (VP) of the discs from near the intersection of the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane without significant contact between the tongue (38) away from the surface plane (HP) turn side and the lower lip. Locking system according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (36) are designed to enable disconnection and disconnection of discs (1, 1 '). by pivoting one disc relative to another while maintaining contact between the discs at a location of the joint edge portions of the discs near the intersection between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) and during substantially line contact between the tongue (HP) lip. (38) towards and from the surface plane (40) 7. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, facing sides and the upper (39) and lower jaws, respectively - characterized in that the distance between the locking plane (LP2) and the parallel plane (LP1) therewith , outside which all parts of the lower part (40) of the lower lip (40) with the frame (30) are located is at least 10% of the thickness (T) of the floorboard. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, net - (39) the locking surfaces (45, 65) of the tongue (38) form an angle to the surface plane (HP) thereof, that the upper lip and at least 20 ° of less than 90 ° Locking system according to claim 8, characterized in that the locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) form an angle to the surface plane (HP). of at least 30 °. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the undercut groove (36) and the tongue (38) have such a design that the outer end (69) of the tongue (38) is at a distance from the undercut groove (36) along substantially the entire distance from the abutting locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and tongue (38) to the lower lip (40) and (38) 71). Locking system according to claim 10, characterized in - the cooperating support surfaces (50) of the tongue, that any surface portions with contact between (38) (69) (36) have a smaller extent in the direction of the vertical plane than the locking surfaces (45, 65) have , when two such discs (1, 1 ') are mechanically interconnected, the outer end of the tongue and the undercut groove 12. Locking system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the edge portions (4a, 4b) with their tongue (38) resp grooves (36) are designed so that when two floorboards are interconnecting, there is surface contact between the edge portions (4a, 4b) along a maximum of 30% of the edge surface of the tongue-supporting edge portion (4b), measured from the top of the floorboard to its underside. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tongue (38) and the lower (50, or directed at such an angle relative to the cooperating support surfaces 71 of the lip (40) of the lip (40) are parallel thereto, which is equal to or less than one tangent to an arc of a circle, which is tangential to the abutting support surfaces closest to the bottom (48) of the undercut groove and which has its center at the point (C) where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) ) intersect, seen in cross section through the disc. 1 Locking system according to claim 13, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) 10 0 to 30 ° to the surface plane (50, 71) HP). 1 Reading systems according to claim 14, are set at an angle of characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are at least 10 ° to the surface plane (HP). 1 Reading systems according to claim 14 or 15, are set at an angle of the characteristic and the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the lower lip (40) are set at an angle of at most 20 ° to the surface plane (HP). hence, that the tongue (38) 1 Locking system according to claim 13, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at substantially the same angle to the surface plane (HP) as a tangent to one ( 50, 71) tangential circular arc with its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) intersect, seen in cross section through the disc. support surfaces 1 Reading system according to claim 13, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at a greater angle to the surface plane (HP) than a tangent to a circle. arch, which touches the abutting support surfaces closest to the bottom of the undercut groove and which has its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) and (VP) 1 Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, the joint plane intersects. characterized in that the support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) for co-operation are set at a smaller angle to the surface plane (HP) than that of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38). cooperating locking surfaces are. Locking system according to claim 19, characterized in that the support surfaces of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are designed to be inclined to the same inclination as but with a smaller angle to the surface plane (HP) than that of the upper lip. (39) and the cooperating lock (50, 71) of the tongue (38) are. ytor \ 1 Ü. l “C.; ïg'l; ê - lošïii X 2 C 2 3 fš 3 ïíšw- l f: 532 3 ïš; > 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 n. n. .a 76 21. Locking system according to any one of claims 13-20, characterized in that the support surfaces (50, 71) form an angle at least 20 ° greater to the surface plane (HP) than the locking surfaces (45, 65) gor. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of the locking surface (45) of the upper lip (39) is closer to the bottom (48) of the groove than a part of the support surfaces (50, 71) does. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) are substantially flat within at least the surface portions which are intended to cooperate with each other, when two such discs are interconnected. Locking system according to claim 23, characterized in that the tongue (38) has a guide surface which is located outside the locking surface of the tongue (38), calculated from the joint plane (VP) and which has a smaller angle to the surface plane than this locking surface has. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper lip (39) has a guide surface (42), (36) mouth than the locking surface (45) of the upper lip and which has a smaller angle to the surface plane. (HP) than the locking surface (45) of the upper lip. which is located closer to the note 26. Locking system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the lower lip (40) extends to or preferably ends at a distance from the joint plane (VP). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower lip (40) is shorter than the upper lip (39) and terminates at a distance from the joint plane (VP) and that at least parts of the lower (38) support surfaces (50, is at a greater distance from the joint plane (VP) than the inclined locking surfaces (45, lip (40) and tongue 71) of the upper lip (39) are and the tongue (38) 65) does. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking surface (65) of the tongue (38) is arranged at a distance of at least 0.1 times the thickness of the floorboard (1 l '). (T) tip (69). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, drawn from the tongue (38), in that the vertical extent of the cooperating locking surfaces (45, 65) is less than half the vertical extent of the undercut (35), seen from the joint plane ( VP) and parallel to the surface plane (HP). Locking system according to any preceding claim, not drawn 65), a vertical section through the floorboard, has an extent, characterized in that the reading surfaces (45, seen in which not more than 10% of the thickness of the floorboard (T). any preceding claim, characterized in that the length of the tongue (38), calculated perpendicularly outwards from the joint plane (VP), is at least 0.3 times the thickness of the disc (T) 32. Locking system according to any preceding claim, - in that the tongue-supporting joint edge portion (4b) and / or the groove-supporting joint edge portion (4a) have a recess (63) which is located above the tongue and terminates at a distance from the surface plane (HP). any preceding claim, characterized in (38) contact surfaces in that the upper lip (39) and the tongue cooperate with each other in the locked state (43, 64), between the joint plane (VP) and the tongue which are located within an area (38) and the locking surfaces (45) of the upper lip (39) cooperate with each other in the locked state nde 65). Locking system according to claim 33, (43, characterized in that the contact surfaces 64) are substantially flat. Locking system according to claim 33 or 34, that the contact surfaces (43, characterized by it, 64) are inclined upwards towards the surface plane (HP) in the direction of the joint plane (VP). * nia-ia æsxzsz fi zs .f. šïtizgizer »'Lo-f: É -; \ LIJKIL“: 5EI> (N w: Vrà "10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 ~... .u 78 36. Locking system according to claim 33 or 34, sign - This means that the contact surfaces (43, 64) are substantially parallel to the surface plane (HP) 37. A locking system according to any preceding claim, not shown (36), characterized in that the lower lip (40) of the groove is flexible. Locking system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it is designed as a snap lock, which can be opened by angling one disc (1 ') relative to the other (1). 39. Locking system according to any preceding claim, n - marked by the fact that it is designed for coupling a laid floorboard with a new floorboard by a joining movement substantially parallel to the surface plane (HP) of the laid floorboard for snapping together the parts of the locking system. n - from the fact that the undercut groove (36), seen in cross section, has an outer mouth portion, so m tapers funnel-shaped inwards. Locking system according to claim 40, characterized in that the upper lip (39) has a chamfer (42) at its outer edge, furthest from the surface plane (HP). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tongue, seen in cross section, has a tip (69) which is tapered. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tongue (38), seen in cross section, has a split tip with an upper (38a) and a lower (38b) tongue part. Locking system according to claim 43, characterized in that (38) (38b) tongue parts are formed of different materials with different material properties. locking system according to any preceding claim, net sign - that the tongue and tongue (38) are formed integrally with the floorboard (1). , 1 '). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking surfaces (45, 65) are set at a greater angle to the surface plane (HP) than a tangent to a circular arc, which is tangent to the abutting locking surfaces (45). , 65) closest to the bottom of the undercut groove (48) and which has its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) (VP) and the joint plane intersect. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper lip (39) is thicker than the lower lip (40). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum thickness of the upper lip (39) at the undercut (35) is greater than the maximum thickness of the lower lip (40) at the support surface (50). 49. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extent of the support surfaces (50, 71) is at most 15% of the thickness of the floorboard (T). Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height extension of the groove (36) between the upper (39) and the lower (40) lip, measured parallel to the outer end of the joint plane (VP), is at least 30 % of floorboard thickness (T). Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, n e t e c k n a t (36) the joint plane (VP) is at least 2% larger than the tongue (38) corresponding to and at the edge of the support surface (43) - hence the depth of the groove, measured from the extending extent. A locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, which has more (38) characteristics than the upper (39) or lower lip (40). 53. Locking system according to any preceding claim, n e t e c k n a t k ä n - in that the upper lip (39) is stiffer than the lower lip (40). “LO 15 20 25 30 35 u. n ~ nu 523 823 ëfšilšf-% ff% I§Sí-I§§I = * 1 80 54. Locking system according to any preceding claim, k ä n - (39) and the lower (40) lips consist of materials with different properties. characterized in that the upper 55. Locking system according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the locking system also comprises a second mechanical lock, which is formed by a locking groove 14, which is formed on the underside of the joint edge portion (38) supporting (4b) and extends parallel to the joint plane (VP), and partly a locking strip, which is integrally attached to the tongue joint edge portion (4a) of the disc below the groove (36) and extends along substantially the entire length of the joint edge portion and has a locking member projecting from the strip ( 6), which, when two such discs are mechanically joined, are up- (1 ') locking grooves (14). A locking system according to claim 55, characterized in that the adjacent disc has the locking strip (6) projecting past the joint plane. Locking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed in a board which has a frame of wood fiber-based material. Locking system according to claim 52, characterized in that it is formed in a board which has a wooden frame. 59. Floor panel, (30), a front side (2), a back side (34) and two opposite parallel joint edge portions (4a, 4b), which are formed as parts of a mechanical locking system and one of which is designed as a note (36), (39) (40) lips and has a bottom end (48), and the other is out- having a body defined by upper and lower form as a tongue (38) with an upwardly directed portion (8) at its free outer end (69), the groove (36), seen from the joint plane (VP), having the shape of an undercut groove with a mouth, an inner portion (35) and an inner locking surface (45) and 523 823 81 wherein at least parts of the lower lip (40) are provided in that it is formed in one piece with the frame (30) of the floorboard and the tongue (38) has a locking surface (65) which is designed for interaction with the inner locking surface (45) in an an- (36), floorboards are mechanically joined together, so that the groove of their adjacent floorboard when two such fronts (4a, 4b) lie in the same surface plane (HP) and meet at the perpendicular opposite r The inclined joint plane (VP), drawn therefrom, at least the main part of the bottom end (48) of the groove, calculated parallel to the surface plane (HP), is further away from the joint plane (VP) than the inner locking surface (45) of the tongue (38) ) is formed on the upper lip (39) within the undercut portion (35) of the groove for co-operation with the corresponding locking surface (65) of the tongue (38), which is formed on the upwardly directed portion (8) of the tongue (38) for counteracting the contraction of two mechanical interconnected discs in a direction (D2) perpendicular to the joint plane (VP), the lower lip has a support surface (50) for co-operation with a corresponding support surface (71) on the tongue (38) at a distance from the bottom end of the undercut groove (48) , which support surfaces (50, 71) are intended to cooperate to counteract a relative displacement of two mecha-ends make nically connected discs in a direction (D1) perpendicular to the surface plane (HP), all parts of the lower lip (40 ) with the body (30) connected parts, calculated from the place where (HP) (VP) is located outside a plane (LP2), which is further away from said place than a parallel locking plane (LP1), which touches the groove (36) and 65) are most inclined relative to the surface plane (HP), and the surface plane and the joint plane intersecting, the cooperating locking surfaces (45) of the tongue (38), where these upper and lower lips (39, 40) and tongue (38) of the joint edge portions (4a, 4b) are designed to enable of a disengagement of two mechanically interconnecting floorboards (1, 1 ') by pivoting up one floorboard relative to the other about a pivot center (C) near an intersection point between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) for disassembling the the tongue (38) of one floorboard and the groove (36) of the other floorboard. Floorboard according to claim 59, characterized in that - (39) (40) lips and tongue (38) are designed to enable an interconnection of two floorboards by one floorboard, while the two floorboards are substantially in contact with each other, that the upper and lower joint portions of the joint edge are pivoted downwards relative to each other about a center of oscillation (C) near an intersection point between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) for joining the tongue of one floorboard with the groove of the other floorboard. Floorboard according to claim 59 or 60, characterized in that the undercut groove (36) and the tongue (38) have such a design that a floorboard which is mechanically coupled to a similar board is displaceable in a direction (D3) along the joint plane (VP). 62. Floor board according to any one of claims 59-61, characterized in that the tongue (38) and the undercut groove (36) are designed to enable interconnection and disconnection of one board with another by pivoting. of one board relative to the other while maintaining contact between the boards at a location (C) of the joint edge portions of the boards near the cut (HP) and the joint plane (VP). A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-62, between the surface plane of the - (38) and the undercut groove (36) are designed to enable the assembly of the tongue, that the tongue coupling and disengagement of boards by pivoting a disc relative to another while maintaining contact between the discs at a location of the joint edge portions of the discs 10 near the intersection between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) without significant contact between the tongue (38) away from the surface plane (HP) flip side and lower lip. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-62, (38) are designed to enable the joint - characterized in that the tongue and the undercut groove (36) are coupled and disassembled by boards by pivoting a board relative to another while maintaining contact between the discs at a location of the joint edge portions of the discs near the intersection between the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) (38) (39) and during substantially line contact between the sides facing the tongue and from the surface plane (HP) and the upper (40) 65. Floor panel according to any one of claims 59-64, respectively lower lip. characterized in that the distance between the locking plane (LP2) and the parallel plane (LP1) outside which all parts of the lower lip (40) are connected to the body (30) is at least 10% of the thickness of the floorboard. (T). Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 65, characterized in that the locking surfaces of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) form an angle with respect to the surface plane (HP) of less than 90 ° but at least 20 °. Floor board according to claim 66, characterized in that the locking surfaces of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) form an angle to the surface plane (HP) of at least 30 °. Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 67, characterized in that the undercut groove (36) and the tongue (38) are designed in such a way that the outer end (69) of the tongue is at a distance from the undercut groove. (36) along substantially the entire distance from the abutting locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and tongue (38) to the lower lip (40) and tongue (38) 71). Floorboard according to claim 68, cooperating support surfaces (50, characterized in that any surface portions with contact between the outer end (69) of the tongue (38) and the undercut groove 1 '".' Jifrrrrzggïire - lwclmf» C f) 1233 .š »fär-lill 10 15 20 25 30 35 ~» u. -.., II - - -. "" '° II o; - H ... :: ~: -; - -. H .. .- non u ». .. ° I» -., v -. ,, '_: _ ”° 1- 1» - uu -. s... __ __' ~ - g -. - n. nu 84 (36) has a smaller extent in the direction of the vertical plane than the locking surfaces (45, 65) have when two such panels are mechanically interconnected. that the edge portions with their tongue (38) and groove (36) are designed so that when two floorboards are interconnected, there is surface contact between the edge portions along a maximum of 30% of the edge surface (4b) of the tongue-supporting edge portion, measured from the top of the floorboard to its 71. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-71, characterized in that the yard the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) and the lower lip (40) of the lower lip (40) are directed at such an angle relative to the surface plane (HP) that they are parallel thereto or extend at an angle equal to or less than a tangent to a circular arc tangent to a support surface (50, 71) with its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) second, seen in cross section through the disc. 72. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-71, as indicated therefrom, has the - (38) and the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the lower lip (40) set at an angle of 0 ° to 30 ° to The surface plate (HP) 73. Floorboard according to claim 72, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at an angle of at least 10 ° to the surface plane. (HP). 74. Floorboard according to claim 72 or 73, characterized in that (38) and the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the lower lip (40) are set at an angle of not more than 20 ° to the surface plane (HP). Floorboard according to claim 71, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at substantially the same angle to the surface plane (HP) as a tangent to a circular arc tangent to the support surfaces with its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) second, seen in cross section through the disc. The joint plate according to claim 71, characterized in that the cooperating support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at a greater angle to the surface plane ( HP) than a tangent to an arc of a circle, which is tangent to the abutting support surfaces (50, 71) closest to the bottom of the undercut groove and which has its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) intersect . Locking system according to one of Claims 59 to 76j, characterized in that the cooperating surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) are set at a smaller angle to the surface plane (HP) than the upper lip (39) 65) is. Floorboard according to claim 77, and the cooperating locking surfaces (45) of the tongue (38), characterized in that the support surfaces (50, 71) of the tongue (38) and the lower lip (40) for cooperation are inclined towards the same direction as but with a smaller angle to the surface plane (HP) than the cooperating locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38). due to the fact that the support surfaces * (50, 71) form an angle of at least 20 ° greater to the surface plane (HP) than the locking surfaces (45, 65) do. due to the fact that the upper lip extends (VP) and that at least parts of the inclined locking surface (45) of the upper lip (39) are further away from the joint plane (VP) than the support surface (50) of the lower lip extends to the joint plane A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-80, characterized in that the locking surfaces of the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) are flat within at least the surface portions, so m are intended to cooperate with each other, when two such discs are interconnected. ua in: 1. =. rakare i @ fx \: cs¿3ss_vA ~ in> æ1: ;;: ¿: 3mvz »10 15 20 25 30 35 u v un» 1 a a ».. v u a u n -. . ° 'vv nn a. O g. - »- a. . , 'I' ° I 4 u n u | u. _ »- a. .a. , .. _ _ ° 'I, w. Q ... _ _ ° ° ~ u a n - .. I ~. . '_' J. ~ n 1 - - ...-. . . . 86. Floor board according to claim 81, characterized in that the tongue (38) has a guide surface (68) which is located outside the locking surface (65) of the tongue (38), calculated from the joint plane (VP) and which has a smaller angle to the surface than this locking surface has. A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-82, characterized in that the lower lip (40) has a guide surface (51) which is located closer to the mouth of the groove than the support surface of the lower lip (40) and which has a smaller angle to the surface plane (HP) than the support surface of the lower lip (40). 84. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-83, characterized in that the lower lip (40) extends to or preferably ends on off- (VP). Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 84, standing from the joint plane - characterized in that the lower lip (40) is shorter than the upper lip (39) and terminates at a distance (VP) and that at least parts of the the support surfaces (50, 71) of the lower lip (40) and the tongue (38) are at a greater distance from the joint plane (VP) than does the inclined locking surfaces (45, 65) of the lip (39) and the tongue (38) from the joint plane. A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-85, characterized in that the reading surface (65) of the tongue (38) is arranged at a distance of at least 0.1 times the thickness (T) of the floorboard, calculated from the tongue (38) tip. Floor panel according to one of Claims 59 to 86, characterized in that the (38) locking surface (65) is arranged at a distance of at least 0.1 times the thickness (69) of the floorboard (T) (38). Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-87, characterized in that the tongue of the tongue - characterized in that the vertical extent of the cooperating locking surfaces (45, 65) is less than half of the vertical extent of the undercut (35), seen from the joint plane and parallel to the surface plane. ". r @ ngua ~ 1 @ cax: ßa: 3: 3 vA ~ 1c saazæzzssï va- 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 87 89. (45, 65), seen in a vertical section through the floorboard, has an extent, which is not more than 10% of the thickness of the floorboard (T) 90. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-89, (38) perpendicular outwards from the joint plane (VP) , is at least 0.3 times known - not drawn therefrom, that the length of the tongue, calculated the thickness of the board (T). (4b) and / or the groove-supporting joint portion (4a) has a recess (63, 63a), which is located above the tongue and terminates at a distance from the surface plane (HP). ä n - characterized in that the upper lip (39) and the tongue (38) have cooperating contact surfaces (43, 64) cooperating with each other in the locked state, which are located within an area between the joint plane (VP) and the tongue (38) and the locking surfaces (45, 65) of the upper lip (39) cooperating with each other in the read condition. 93. A floorboard according to claim 92, characterized in that the contact surfaces (43, 64) are substantially flat. Floor panel according to claim 92 or 93, characterized in that the contact surfaces (43, facing upwards towards the surface plane (HP) (VP). 64) are inclined towards the joint plane 95. Floor panel according to claim 92 or 93, characterized in that the contact surfaces (43, (HP). 96. Floor board according to any one of claims 59-96, known - 64) are substantially parallel to the surface plane known - indicated in that the lower lip of the note (40) is flexible. 97. Floor panel according to any one of claims 59-96, characterized in that it is designed as a snap lock, which can be opened by angling one panel relative to the other. 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823) -. ». 88 98. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-97, characterized in that it is designed for coupling a laid floorboard with a new floorboard by a joining movement substantially parallel to the surface plane of the laid floorboard for snapping together parts of the locking system. 99. A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-98, characterized in that the undercut groove (35), which tapers funnel-shaped inwards. lOO. seen in cross section, has an outer mouth portion, Floor panel according to claim 99, characterized in that the upper lip (39) has a chamfer (42) edge. lOl. at its outer, furthest from the surface plane (HP) lying Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-100, characterized by (38), seen in (69), which is tapered. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-101, that the tongue cross-section, 102. has a tip known therefrom, seen in the transverse (38a) that the tongue, section, has a split tip with an upper (38b) tongue part. A floorboard according to claim 102, and a lower feature thereof, that the upper (38a) and lower (38b) tongue parts of the tongue are formed of different materials with different material properties. A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-103, that the groove (36) is formed integrally with the floorboard (1, characterized therefrom, (38) and the tongue 1 '). A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-104, characterized in that the locking surfaces are set at a greater angle to the surface plane (HP) than a tangent to an arc of a circle, which is tangent to the adjacent locking surfaces (45, 65) (48). ) and which has its center at the point where the surface plane (HP) and the joint plane (VP) intersect. closest to the bottom of the undercut groove 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 2 fi * ~ '- Q. . .n 89 106. Floorboard according to any one of claims 59-105, characterized in that the upper lip (39) is thicker than the lower lip (40). A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-106, characterized in that the minimum thickness of the upper lip (39) at the undercut is greater than the maximum thickness of the lower lip (40) at the support surface (50). A floorboard according to any one of claims 59-107, characterized in that the extent of the support surfaces (50, 71) is at most 15% of the thickness of the floorboard (T). Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 108, characterized in that the height extension of the groove (36) between the upper (39) and the lower (40) lip, measured parallel to the joint plane (VP) and at the support surface outer end (50), is at least 30% of the floorboard thickness (T). 1 Floor panel according to one of Claims 59 to 109, characterized in that the depth of the groove (36), measured from the joint plane (VP), is at least 2% greater than the corresponding extent of the tongue (38). 1 Floorboard according to one of Claims 59 to 110, characterized in that the tongue (38) has other material properties than the upper (39) or lower (40) lip. 1 Floorboard according to one of Claims 59 to 111, characterized in that the upper lip (39) is stiffer than the lower lip (40). 1 Floorboard according to one of Claims 59 to 112, characterized in that the upper (39) and lower (40) lips consist of materials with different properties. 1 Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 1113, characterized in that the locking system also comprises a second mechanical lock, which is formed on the one hand by a locking groove (14), which is formed on the underside of the tongue-supporting joint edge portion (4b) and extends parallel to the joint plane (VP), and 10 15 20 25 30 35 »523 823. - - n n 90 a locking strip, which is integrally attached to the disc (36) along substantially the entire length of the joint edge portion and has (6), two such discs are mechanically joined, joint edge portion (4a) below the groove and extending a locking member projecting from the strip which, when is up- (14). k ä n n e t e c k - taken in the adjacent disc (1) 1 A floorboard according to claim 116, that the locking strip (6) locks n a d thereof, (VP). 1 Floor board according to one of Claims 59 to 115, projecting beyond the joint plane, characterized in that it is formed in a board which has a frame (30) of wood-fiber-based material. 1 A floorboard according to claim 116, characterized in that it is formed in a board having a wooden frame (30). 1 Floor panel according to one of Claims 59 to 177, characterized in that it is four-sided with pairs of parallel sides. 1 19. A floorboard according to claim 118, characterized in that it has mechanical locking systems at all its four side edge portions. 1 Floor panel according to claim 119, n a d thereof, characterized in that it has mechanical snap-locking systems at two opposite side edge portions. 1 Floor panel according to claim 110, characterized in that the mechanical locking system on two opposite short sides of the panel has the undercut groove (36) and the tongue (38) designed for interlocking by a snap function. 1 Floor panel according to any one of claims 118-121, characterized in that the joint edge portion (4b) with the tongue (38) and / or the joint edge portion (4a) with the groove (36) on one pair of parallel joint edge portions have been formed with other material properties than the joint edge portion with the tongue and / or the joint edge portion with the groove on the other pair of parallel joint edge portions. - ~ «~ ï - t -._- ~ f_¿ = ~ _. ~, ^. \ _ ^. ¿-, \ 10 15 20 25 30 35 523 823 91 1 23. A method of connecting on a base floorboards having a frame (30) and a front side (2), a back side (34) and opposite parallel joint edge portions (4a, 4b), locking systems and one of which is designed as a groove which are formed as parts of a mechanical (36), which is delimited by upper (39) and lower (40) lips, and the other is formed as a tongue (38) with an upwardly directed portion (8) at its free outer end, (36) (35) and an inner locking surface, the groove having the shape of a undercut groove with a mouth, an inner portion (45) and the tongue (38) having a locking surface (65), which is designed for co-operation with the inner locking surface (45) in a groove (36) of an adjacent floorboard, when two such that their and so that an upper part of their joint edge portions (4a, 4b) floorboards are mechanically joined, fronts (2) lie in the same surface plane (HP) meet at a perpendicularly directed joint plane (VP) and whereby a new floorboard is connected to an already laid floorboard by joining together the joint of these floorboards g-edge portions with each other, characterized in that the new sheet is moved with its one edge portion (4b) towards the second edge portion (4a) of the already laid floorboard, until the tongue (38) (36) of one sheet, that the new sheet the board is then angled upwards relative to the floor plate already laid partially into the groove of the second board, for insertion of the outer end (69) of the tongue (38) formed on one board, which at a distance from its tip has its locking surface (65) formed in the second an upwardly directed portion (8) of the tongue, the groove of the disc (36) in contact between the part of the groove edge portions of the groove (36) (38) comes into contact and the upper and lower sides of the tongue, until an upper with each other, 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 ~ ~ ~ nu 523 823 »- u. .- 92 that the new disc is then angled downwards to the final position (38) up to a position in which a support surface (38) lying against a corresponding support surface during continued insertion of the tongue into the groove (36) (71) is moved to - (50), formed on the lower lip (40) of the second disc, so that which is formed on the underside of the tongue, which are the discs mechanically locked together in both horizontal and vertical directions. 1 24. A method according to claim 123, characterized in that the new board is moved with its tongue (38) against the groove in the already laid board during installation. 1 25. A method according to claim 123, characterized in that the new board during the laying is moved with its undercut groove (36) against the tongue (38) on the already laid board. 1 26. A method according to any one of claims 123-125, characterized in that the angling of the new disc takes place while pressing it against the already laid disc. 1 27. A method according to any one of claims 123-126, characterized in that angling of the new disc takes place during contact between the upper joint edge portions of the new board and the already laid board (4a, 4b). 1 28. A method according to any one of claims 123-127, characterized in that the new disc is pressed against the one already laid during the down angle 1 29. A method according to any one of claims 123-128, characterized in that the angulation is terminated by snapping the tongue (38) into the groove (36). 1 30. A method according to claim 129, characterized in that the snapping is carried out by substantially one (39) method according to claim 130, separating the upper 1 of the groove. 31. and lower lips (40). is characterized in that the snapping is performed by a slight deflection (40). Set according to any one of claims 123-131, of the lower lip of the track 1 . 1 33. A method of forming a groove (36) having a top (2) in a floorboard, (HP) and a joint edge portion (4a) with a joint plane perpendicular to the top (VP), which groove extends from the joint plane (4a). ) and is delimited by two lips (39, 40) each with its free outer- in a surface plane end and which groove in at least one lip has a undercut (45) and is further away from the joint plane (VP) than the free lip of the other lip outer end (35), which comprises a locking surface (52), in which way machining is performed with several rotating cutting tools having a diameter greater than the thickness of the floorboard (T), and in which way the cutting tools and the floorboard are made to perform a relative movement relative to each other parallel to the joint edge of the floorboard, characterized in that the undercut is formed with at least two such cutting elements, 11119 angles relative to the top of the floorboard having its axis of rotation inclined in different (2), that a first of these tools is driven to form portions of the undercut further away from the joint plane (VP) than the locking surface (45) of the future undercut, that a second of these tools is driven to form the locking surface of the undercut (45), said first of these tools being driven with its axis of rotation set at a greater angle to the floorboard top (2) than said other of these tools. 1 34. A method according to claim 133, characterized in that the lower lip (40) is designed so that it extends past the joint plane (VP). 1 35. A method according to claim 133 or 134, as a result thereof, characterized in that the lower lip (40) is designed so that it extends to the joint plane (VP). 1 36. A method according to claim 133 or 134, as a result thereof, characterized in that the lower lip (40) is designed so that it ends at a distance from the joint plane (VP). 10 l5 20 25 30 35 523 823 94 1 37. A method according to any one of claims 133-136, n e t e c k a a thereof, characterized in that said first of the tools is driven with its axis of rotation set at an angle of maximum (HP). Set according to any one of claims 133-137, 85 ° to the surface plane 1 38. characterized in that said second of the tools is driven its axis of rotation set at an angle of not more than 60 ° to the surface plane (HP). 1 39. A method according to any one of claims 133-138, characterized in that the tools are brought into engagement with the floorboard in order according to their axis of rotation (P), for the axis of rotation is made to work the floorboard before the working angle towards the surface plane angle fabric with smaller angle for the axis of rotation. 1 40. A method according to any one of claims 133-139, characterized in that a third of the tools is driven to form the lower parts of the groove (36). 1 41. A method according to claim 140, characterized in that said third of the tools is brought into contact with the floorboard between said first and said second of the tools. 1 42. A method according to claim 140 or 141, characterized in that said third of the tools is driven with its axis of rotation set at an approximately 90 ° angle to the surface plane (HP). 1 43. A method according to any one of claims 133-142, characterized in that said first of the tools is driven for machining a wider surface portion of the joint edge portion (4a) of the floorboard 1 44. than said other of the tools. A method according to any one of claims 133-143, characterized in that said second of the tools is designed so that its against the surface plane (HP) is profiled to reduce the thickness of the tool, calculated parallel to the axis of rotation, within the radially outer portions of the tool. 1 45. n e t e c k n a t thereof, Set according to any one of claims 133-144, know - that at least three of the tools are operated 10 525 825. ~. . . . . . ø. .o 95 with different settings of their axis of rotation for the design of the undercut parts of the groove. 1 46. A method according to any one of claims 133-145, characterized in that the tools are used for machining a floorboard of wood or fibrous-based material. tt I> fl g @@ ~ 1 »c <ï: a :: sz: v fi« 1 u sä ° ß fl ^ @ ï = val