EP0321809B1 - Verfahren für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Brenner - Google Patents

Verfahren für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Brenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321809B1
EP0321809B1 EP88120667A EP88120667A EP0321809B1 EP 0321809 B1 EP0321809 B1 EP 0321809B1 EP 88120667 A EP88120667 A EP 88120667A EP 88120667 A EP88120667 A EP 88120667A EP 0321809 B1 EP0321809 B1 EP 0321809B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
liquid fuel
interior
cone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88120667A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0321809A1 (de
Inventor
Jakob Dr. Keller
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
Daniel Styner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority to AT88120667T priority Critical patent/ATE63628T1/de
Publication of EP0321809A1 publication Critical patent/EP0321809A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0321809B1 publication Critical patent/EP0321809B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the combustion of liquid fuel in a burner without a premix section according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a burner for carrying out this method.
  • a burner is known from EP-A1-0 210 462, which is formed from at least two double-curved hollow partial cone bodies acted upon with tangential air entry. These bodies are folded in the direction of flow along diagonals that open outwards in the shape of a cone. One curved fold side forms an inner cone with an increasing cone inclination in the outflow direction, while the other curved fold side forms an outer cone with a decreasing cone inclination in the outflow direction. At their ends, the inner cones each carry a fuel line along their entire axial extent for the supply of the gaseous fuel which flows through several fuel nozzles into the interior of the burner in order to mix there with the tangentially flowing combustion air.
  • the burner also has a separate supply of a liquid fuel, which is a dual burner.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel is directed axially onto the outer cone in such a way that, depending on the strength of the injection, a different length of fuel film is formed.
  • weighty mixing is carried out by the tangentially introduced combustion air, which rolls up the fuel film in layers due to its swirling movement in the axial direction, making the generation of a strong mixture superfluous. Because the impulse of the injection of liquid fuel is adapted to the load of the machine, the mixture is never too lean or too rich.
  • this burner results in a vortex flow which is low in swirl in the center but has an excess of axial speed. Because the number of swirls increases strongly in the axial direction and reaches the breakdown value or the critical value at the end of the burner, this results in a positionally stable vortex backflow.
  • the oil injection is structurally relatively complex. But the design of the folded cone sections and their coordination with each other is not easy to handle.
  • the object of the invention is to simplify the physical configuration of the burner in a method and a burner of the types mentioned at the beginning and at the same time to minimize the NO x emission values from the premixed combustion of liquid fuel, without changing the flow field in the burner with the stable vortex backflow zone.
  • Another advantage of the invention results from the possibility that the burner according to the invention can also be used in gas turbines, the pressure ratio of which is so high over approximately 12 that, due to the principle, no pre-evaporation of the liquid fuel is possible because the fuel has previously ignited would. Finally, the burner according to the invention can also be used in those cases in which no or only insufficient air preheating for evaporation can be achieved.
  • an essential advantage of the invention is that the burner according to the invention consists of a few components that are easy to manufacture and assemble.
  • FIGS. 2-4 In order to better understand the structure of the burner, it is advantageous if the reader uses the individual sections according to FIGS. 2-4 simultaneously with FIG. 1. Furthermore, in order not to make Fig. 1 unnecessarily confusing, the baffles 21a, 21b shown schematically according to Figs. 2-4 have only been hinted at. In the description of FIG. 1 below, the remaining FIGS. 2-4 are optionally referred to as required.
  • the burner according to FIG. 1 consists of two half hollow tapered bodies 1, 2 which are offset from one another.
  • the offset of the respective central axis 1b, 2b of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 to each other creates a tangential air inlet slot 19, 20 on both sides in a mirror-image arrangement (FIGS. 2-4), through which the combustion air 15 enters the interior of the burner, ie flows into the cone cavity 14.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 1 a, 2 a, which likewise run offset from one another analogously to the partial cone bodies 1, 2, so that the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 are present from the beginning.
  • a nozzle 3 is accommodated, the fuel injection 4 of which coincides with the narrowest cross section of the conical cavity 14 formed by the two partial cone bodies 1, 2.
  • the burner can be made purely conical, that is to say without cylindrical initial parts 1a, 2a.
  • Both partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a fuel line 8, 9, which are provided with openings 17 through which the gaseous fuel 13 is mixed with the combustion air 15 flowing through the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20. The position of these fuel lines 8, 9 is shown schematically in FIGS.
  • the fuel lines 8, 9 are attached to the end of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, so that the admixture 16 of the gaseous fuel 13 with the incoming combustion air 15 also takes place there .
  • the burner On the combustion chamber side 22, the burner has a collar-shaped anchoring for the partial cone body 1, 2 serving end plate 10 with a number of holes 11 through which, if necessary, dilution air or cooling air 18 can be supplied to the front part of the combustion chamber 22 or its wall.
  • the liquid fuel 12 flowing through the nozzle 3 is injected into the cone cavity 14 at an acute angle, in such a way that the most homogeneous conical fuel spray is obtained in the burner outlet plane, it being very important to ensure that the inner walls of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 injected liquid fuel 12 are not wetted.
  • the fuel injector 4 can be an air-assisted nozzle or a pressure atomizer.
  • the conical liquid fuel profile 5 is enclosed by a rotating combustion air stream 15 flowing in tangentially. In the axial direction, the concentration of the liquid fuel 12 is continuously reduced by the mixed-in combustion air 15. If gaseous fuel 13/16 is burned, the mixture is formed with the combustion air 15 directly at the end of the air inlet slots 19, 20.
  • the nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions are low if the excess air is at least 60%. In the case of complete evaporation before entering the combustion zone, the pollutant emission values are lowest. The same also applies to near-stoichiometric operation when the excess air is replaced by recirculating exhaust gas.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 with regard to the taper inclination and the width of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20, narrow limits must be observed so that the desired flow field of the air with its return flow zone 6 is established in the area of the burner mouth for flame stabilization.
  • the backflow zone 6 which is once geometrically fixed, is inherently position-stable, because the swirl number increases in the direction of flow in the region of the cone shape of the burner.
  • the design of the burner is particularly suitable, given the given overall length of the burner, of changing the size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 by fixing the partial cone bodies 1, 2 to the end plate 10 by means of a releasable connection.
  • the distance between the two central axes 1b, 2b decreases or increases as a result of radial displacement of the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 to and from one another, and the gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 changes accordingly, as can be seen particularly well from FIGS. 2-4 emerges.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 can also be displaced relative to one another in another plane, as a result of which even an overlap thereof can be controlled. Yes, it is even possible to spirally move the partial cone bodies 1, 2 with one another by means of a counter-rotating movement. It is therefore in your hand to vary the shape and size of the tangential air inlets 19, 20 as desired, so that the burner can be used universally without changing its overall length.
  • 2-4 also shows the position of the guide plates 21a, 21b. They have flow introduction functions, whereby they, of different lengths, extend the respective end of the partial cone bodies 1 and 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 15.
  • the channeling of the combustion air into the cone cavity 14 can be optimized by opening or closing the guide plates 21a, 21b around the pivot point 23, in particular this is necessary if the original gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
EP88120667A 1987-12-21 1988-12-10 Verfahren für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Brenner Expired - Lifetime EP0321809B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88120667T ATE63628T1 (de) 1987-12-21 1988-12-10 Verfahren fuer die verbrennung von fluessigem brennstoff in einem brenner.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4980/87 1987-12-21
CH4980/87A CH674561A5 (ko) 1987-12-21 1987-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321809A1 EP0321809A1 (de) 1989-06-28
EP0321809B1 true EP0321809B1 (de) 1991-05-15

Family

ID=4285866

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88120667A Expired - Lifetime EP0321809B1 (de) 1987-12-21 1988-12-10 Verfahren für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff in einem Brenner

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4932861A (ko)
EP (1) EP0321809B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2608320B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR0129752B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE63628T1 (ko)
CA (1) CA1312816C (ko)
CH (1) CH674561A5 (ko)
DE (1) DE3862854D1 (ko)

Cited By (135)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0298386A2 (en) 1987-07-06 1989-01-11 University Of Waterloo Polymer hydrogenation process
EP0394800A1 (de) * 1989-04-24 1990-10-31 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Vormischbrenner für die Heissgaserzeugung
EP0394911A1 (de) * 1989-04-27 1990-10-31 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Feuerungsanlage
EP0433789A1 (de) * 1989-12-19 1991-06-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Verfahren für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen Brennstoffes
EP0433790A1 (de) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brenner
EP0436113A1 (de) * 1989-12-01 1991-07-10 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Feuerungsanlage
EP0461447A1 (de) * 1990-06-07 1991-12-18 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Druckzerstäubungsdüse
EP0483554A1 (de) * 1990-11-02 1992-05-06 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung
EP0491079A1 (de) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brennerkopf für die vormischartige Verbrennung eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einer atmosphärischen Feuerungsanlage
EP0503319A2 (de) * 1991-03-12 1992-09-16 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes
EP0518072A1 (de) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-16 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder einer Feuerungsanlage
EP0521325A1 (de) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-07 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Brennkammer
EP0548396A1 (de) * 1991-12-23 1993-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Vorrichtung für die Vermischung zweier gasförmiger Komponenten und Brenner, in welchem diese Vorrichtung eingesetzt wird
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EP0592717A1 (de) * 1992-10-16 1994-04-20 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner
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EP0713058A1 (de) 1994-11-19 1996-05-22 ABB Management AG Brennkammer mit Mehrstufenverbrennung
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EP0719983A1 (de) 1994-12-27 1996-07-03 ABB Management AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuleiten eines gasförmigen Brennstoffs in einen Vormischbrenner
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US5573395A (en) * 1994-04-02 1996-11-12 Abb Management Ag Premixing burner
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US5609017A (en) * 1994-05-19 1997-03-11 Abb Management Ag Method and apparatus for operating a combustion chamber for autoignition of a fuel
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CH674561A5 (ko) 1990-06-15
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EP0321809A1 (de) 1989-06-28
CA1312816C (en) 1993-01-19
ATE63628T1 (de) 1991-06-15
JP2608320B2 (ja) 1997-05-07
US4932861A (en) 1990-06-12
JPH01203809A (ja) 1989-08-16
KR0129752B1 (ko) 1998-04-09

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