CN1822781B - 用于座位的舒适表面 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种座位单元(50)包括周边框架(90)、由框架支撑的柔性座位表面、以及平行且拉长的弹性力分布元件(103),所述弹性力分布元件结合到座位表面以便在支撑使用者时控制座位表面的轮廓。弹性力分布元件(103)沿着其长度可弯曲并且数目和分布足够,以显著地减少座位表面的局部偏移并且从而减少使用者感受到的点接触压力。弹性力分布元件(103)可以是金属棒、长条、或者其它具有记忆的弹性材料。弹性力分布元件(103)能以各种方式支撑在周边框架的相对侧面上以减少弹性力分布元件(103)的挠曲过程中相对侧面上的向内压力。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请是2003年6月5日申请、名称为“SEATING WITHCOMFORT SURFACE(具有舒适表面的座位)”的申请序号No.10/455,487的部分继续,该申请的全部内容以参考的方式结合于此。本发明涉及下述申请:2004年3月3日公开、名称为“COMBINEDTENSION AND BACK STOP FUNCTION FOR SEATING UNIT(座位单元组合的张紧和靠背止动件功能)”的美国专利申请No.10/792,309,以及2004年5月14日申请、名称为“SEATING UNITWITH CROSSBAR SEAT SUPPORT(具有横杆座椅支撑件的座位单元)”的申请序号No.10/845,978,它们的全部内容也以参考的方式结合于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有舒适表面的座位单元,所述舒适表面结合到框架并且构造来给坐者提供舒适的支撑同时允许框架梁强度的降低。然而,可以预期本发明的范围比座位更宽泛。
背景技术
一些时尚的座椅具有张紧的织物来支撑坐者,因为张紧的织物提供了特殊外形,并且潜在地允许空气流动到坐者以增加舒适度。然而,张紧的织物所具有的一个问题是织物中的张力必须足够的大以避免当坐者陷入织物并被织物“锁住”(并受到来自织物的侧面压力)时有类似“吊床(hammock)”的感觉。虽然这种吊床似的感觉对于在户外放松来说是可以接受的,但是对于全力工作时的工作型座椅则不是有益和舒适的。防止这种吊床似的感觉所需的张力相当大,并且因此需要用非常坚固的框架来提供可接受程度的强度以便充分地张紧织物。而且,在框架中预张紧织物的工艺是较难的制造步骤。而且,在“高度”张力下支撑织物所需的框架强度要求大量、坚固/沉重/特殊的材料以及大的横截面,所有这些在光滑外观的座椅设计中都是不希望有的。而且,大量且高强度的特殊材料增加了产品的重量和成本,这在竞争性的家具业中是非常不希望的。
框架必须“非常坚固”的原因之一是因为在使用张紧的织物时周边框架元件上所出现的工程动力学。在拉紧时,织物在织物的相对边缘之间限定了一条线(即一条介于支撑织物相对边缘的侧面框架元件之间的线)。通过在相对边缘之间的中点处压下,中点上很小的力就会在织物的相对边缘上产生非常大的向内力。因而,在有人坐在座椅上时,相对周边框架区段上最初向内指向的力就非常大。座椅框架必须足够地坚固以抵抗这种大的向内力,不仅在出现向内力的时候需要,而且还需要抵抗很长时间以防止一段时间过后出现的蠕变和永久变形(这样会导致织物张力的损失)。其次,与座椅上没有人的时候相比,当有人坐在座椅上时,相对周边框架区段必须产生的力的方向就会改变。具体地,在没有人坐在座椅上时,力限定了平行于片材的线。当有人坐上时,力向量就改变到新的方向,这个新的方向是坐者向下的重量以及为了维持织物中张力而产生的水平力的组合。为了充分地承受变化的力向量(即承受所述力以及所述力变化方向),周边框架元件必须在所有需要的方向提供足够的强度和弯曲强度。因此,给定周边框架元件中横截面大小和梁强度的问题并不限于一个方向。
因此,希望有一种具有前述优点并解决前述问题的系统。
发明内容
在本发明的一个方面,一种座位单元包括:框架;由框架支撑的柔性座位表面;以及多个与所述座位表面相关联的拉长的弹性力分布元件,它们在支撑坐者时控制座位表面的轮廓。弹性力分布元件大体柔性且沿着其长度可弯曲并且跨过座位表面数目和分布足够以减少座位表面的局部偏移。通过这种布置,弹性力分布元件减少了与坐者相关的点接触压力。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种座位单元的舒适表面包括柔性座位表面。多个拉长的弹性力分布元件与座位表面相联系以便在支撑坐者时控制座位表面的轮廓,其中弹性力分布元件通常沿着其长度可弯曲并且数目足够且跨过座位表面分布以控制座位表面的局部偏移并且从而减少与坐者相关的点接触压力。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种支撑结构包括适于给坐者提供支撑的片材。该片材限定了一个平面,所述平面包括第一方向和垂直的第二方向。多个拉长的可弹性弯曲的力分布元件结合到片材并定向在第二方向上。片材可绕着平行于第二方向的第二线弯曲并且弹性力分布元件将来自点负荷的力分布入在第二方向上拉长的分布区域。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种座位单元的支撑结构包括多个拉长的弹性力分布元件,其构造来弹性地弯曲以便在支撑依靠在弹性力分布元件中间部分上的坐者时分布由于点负荷所导致的局部变形。支撑件具有间隔开的侧面框架元件,所述侧面框架元件支撑相对的端部。托架将弹性力分布元件承载在框架元件上,但是从侧面框架元件去耦所述多个弹性力分布元件以使得弹性力分布元件可以在没有侧面框架元件的等效运动之下被挠曲和弯曲。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种形成座位单元的方法包括步骤:提供框架支撑结构;并且将多个拉长的弹性力分布元件装配入支撑件子组件,该弹性力分布元件在被挠曲时通常沿着其长度可弯曲。该方法还包括将所述支撑件子组件连接到框架支撑结构,以及将柔性盖板连接到所述支撑件子组件之上以形成与座位单元使用者接触的表面。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种座位单元包括:框架,其具有其间限定有空间的相对框架元件;和弹性支撑装置,其适于弯曲和挠曲以便即使坐者产生点负荷时也以分布的支撑力来支撑坐者。去耦装置用来将弹性支撑装置支撑在框架上而在弹性支撑装置被弯曲和挠曲时没有不希望地向内拉伸相对的框架元件。
本领域的熟练技术人员在研究以下详细说明书、权利要求和附图时,可以理解和正确评价本发明的这些和其它方面、目标和特点。
附图说明
图1-2是具有具体化本发明的支撑结构的座位单元的前面和后面透视图;
图3是图1所示靠背的透视图,图4是图3中圆圈区域IV的放大视图,并且弹性支撑件的端部由周边靠背框架滑动地支撑;
图5是图1所示座椅的分解透视图;
图6是图5所示座椅横向截取的横截面视图,示出了弹性支撑件的端部由周边靠背框架滑动地支撑;
图6A是类似于图6的横截面视图,不过是变型的金属线支撑件;
图7-9是第二、第三和第三变型的侧视图和透视图,示出了对弹性支撑件端部的滑动支撑;
图10是具体化本发明的第五变型的支撑结构的横截面正视图,包括限定了枢轴的端部支撑元件,用于旋转地支撑金属线增强的弹性支撑件的端部;
图11是图10的平面图,图11A是图11的变型;
图12是具体化本发明的第六变型的支撑结构的端视图,所述支撑结构用于旋转地支撑弹性支撑件,而图13是图12的局部透视图;
图14是具体化本发明的第七变型的支撑结构的端视图,所述支撑结构用于旋转地支撑弹性支撑件,而图15是图14的局部透视图;
图16-17是具体化本发明的第八变型的弹性支撑结构的端视图,所述弹性支撑结构用于旋转地可伸展地支撑弹性支撑件,而图18-19分别是图16-17的透视图;图16和18示出了支撑结构的无应力状态,而图17和19示出了应力下的伸展状态;
图20是具体化本发明的第九变型的支撑结构的端视图,所述支撑结构用于旋转地支撑弹性支撑件;
图21-22是具体化本发明的第十变型的弹性支撑结构的端视图,所述弹性支撑结构用于旋转地支撑弹性支撑件,而图23-24分别是图21-22的透视图;图21和23示出了支撑结构的无应力状态,而图22和24示出了应力下的伸展状态;
图25-26是第十一和十二实施例的透视图,其包括结合本发明的轧制片材,图25是一对缝合在一起的饰物覆盖片材,其中平行的弹性力分布元件在所述饰物覆盖片材之间在边缘之间延伸,并且图26是两个橡胶边缘条带,所述条带结合并承载在它们之间延伸的平行的弹性力分布元件并且包括有用于稳定弹性力分布元件的中心橡胶条带;
图27是示出坐者使用类似图1-2所示座椅的透视图;
图28-29是被支撑为在其端部上转动的弹性力分布元件的示意图;
图30-31是被支撑为在其端部上滑动的弹性力分布元件的示意图;
图32-33是在其端部上由弹性区块支撑的弹性力分布元件的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种座位单元,其具有限定了开口的周边框架(即椅座或靠背)、由框架跨过开口支撑的柔性座位表面(即用于支撑坐者的椅座表面或靠背表面)、以及结合到座位表面的平行且拉长的弹性力分布元件,在支撑坐者时所述力分布元件用来控制座位表面的形状。弹性力分布元件是刚性的但沿着其长度可弯曲并且数量和分布足够地显著降低座位表面的局部偏斜并且从而减少坐者所感觉到的点接触压力。具体地可以预期,弹性力分布元件以各种方式可操作地支撑在周边框架的相对侧上以减少在弹性力分布元件由于坐者坐上而被挠曲期间框架相对侧上不希望有的向内压力,比如通过在弹性力分布元件的端部上提供:一个或多个可转动的枢轴、弹性力分布元件的端部上的滑动支撑件、可变形/可扭曲的橡胶支撑件、弹性和/或可伸展的织物、以及其它“去耦”机构和设备(下文中统称为“去耦装置”)。通过这种布置,就以相对低的成本提供了特别舒适的座位表面(下文中也称作“舒适表面”)并且使得制造成本很低。同时,可以显著地减小周边框架的横截面尺寸和强度,因为避免了由于相对于伸展织物的中心而垂直压下所产生的较高向内力(参见本文中背景技术中的叙述)。而且,这种布置是环境友好的,因为很多变型提供了分离和回收较大百分比部件的能力。
所述座位单元50(图1-2)是办公座椅。尽管如此,可以具体地预期,本发明可用于座椅之外的家具上,比如躺椅等,并且还能用于办公座位之外的座位上,比如汽车和公共交通场合(即汽车、公共汽车、火车、飞机)、体育馆和音乐厅座位、用于船只和水上交通工具的座位、用于重型建筑交通工具的座位、以及其它希望具有长久舒适座位的场所。而且,本发明提供了具体和新颖的支撑件,以使得其能用于包装件和其它非家具和非座位应用。
座位单元50(图1)包括基部51、靠背52以及枢轴安装到基部51以便在靠背52后倾时同步运动的座位53。靠背52和座位53的同步运动在下面为了便于理解本发明而充分地公开,但是需要指出的是其它细节包括在未决的申请序号No.10/792,309中,该申请以参考的方式结合于此。基部51(图1)包括轮毂55,该轮毂具有径向腿部56以及位于腿56的每端上的转向轮57。高度可调的立柱58(图5)从轮毂55向上延伸,并且与中心控制机构59相啮合。板簧状弹性支撑臂60连接到控制机构59的前端和后端。前和后弹性支撑臂60在形状和功能上类似,并且前臂60向后倾斜且后臂向后倾斜。座位支撑结构61包括侧面框架元件62,其刚性地与横梁63相连接以形成从顶视图看的U形。座位支撑结构61的前部包括枢轴64,用于可旋转和可滑动地啮合前弹性支撑臂60的端部(图5)。靠背52(图3)包括下臂65,该下臂向下且向前地延伸并且包括枢轴66,所述枢轴用于可旋转和可滑动地啮合后弹性支撑臂60的端部。下臂65还包括枢轴地啮合侧面框架元件62一侧的枢轴67。由于前支撑臂60的向后倾斜角和后支撑臂60的向前倾斜角,在靠背52向后倾斜时,座位53就在方向68上向前且向上地移动(图1和5)。
靠背52(图3)包括靠背周边框架69,该靠背周边框架具有限定出开口中心区域(即开口74)的顶部、底部和侧面区段70-73。下臂65从侧面区段72-73的下端延伸。侧面区段72-73(图4)每个都限定了多个彼此平行地延伸的凹穴76。凹穴76(图6)通过斜道77(图4)朝着开口74向内开口跨过内壁79上的开口式圆角或倾斜表面78。弹性力分布元件80(示出为具有圆形横截面的弹性弹簧钢丝)每个都具有延伸过开口74的线性长区段81,并且还具有滑动地装配入凹穴76之一的L形弯曲端部82。模制盖板83匹配地装配到侧面区段72(和侧面区段73)上以美观地覆盖侧面区段72-73。盖板83包括有孔84,其与侧面区段72和73中位于凹穴76之间的开孔轮毂85对准,用于容纳连接螺钉86以便将盖板83保持在侧面框架区段72-73中。盖板83的内壁包括与弹性力分布元件80对准的切口87,以允许弹性力分布元件80在没有不希望的限制之下挠曲和滑动。弹性力分布元件80和凹穴76的长度可以选择性地使得为允许弹性力分布元件80不受限制地挠曲。可选地,凹穴76的内侧端部(图6)能定位为啮合相关的L形弯曲端部82从而限制端部82的向内运动。例如,这样做就可以避免端部82完全地滑出凹穴76,比如在座位单元50处于较大重量落在靠背上的极端滥用情况下。而且,凹穴76的外侧端部能定位为啮合相关的L形弯曲端部82从而限制端部82的向外运动。例如,这样做就可以在长区段81中引起预张紧或预弯曲(参见尺寸81’)。试验证明,使用者在最初坐在座椅上并靠在靠背上时喜欢有预张紧,以使得当他们最初坐下到座椅中时感觉到有阻力。还可以预期,长区段81可以预弯曲为具有预成形的非线性形状,以符合使用者在最初靠在靠背上时的期望。
座位53(图5)包括具有后部91和前部92的周边结构90。在坐者在“正常”就座位置时位于座位的后部时,后部91为坐者提供了主要支撑。后部91包括侧面区段93-94,以及限定了开口内部(开口95)的前部和后部区段96和96’。侧面框架元件98紧靠并紧固到侧面区段93和94的底部。侧面框架元件98包括多个类似于上述凹穴76的凹穴99。具体地,凹穴99通过斜道朝着开口95向内开口跨过侧面区段93-94的内壁上的开口式圆角或倾斜表面。弹性力分布元件103(示出为具有圆形横截面的弹性弹簧钢丝)每个都具有延伸过开口95的线性长区段104,并且还具有滑动地装配入凹穴99之一的L形弯曲端部105。侧面框架元件98的盖板是周边结构90,其匹配地装配到侧面框架元件98上。侧面区段93-94包括孔107,其与侧面框架元件98中位于凹穴99之间的开孔轮毂108对准,用于容纳连接螺钉以便将周边结构90和侧面框架元件98保持在一起。侧面框架元件98的内壁包括与弹性力分布元件103对准的切口110,以允许弹性力分布元件103在没有不希望的限制之下挠曲、滑动和运动。弹性力分布元件103和凹穴99的长度可以选择性地使得为允许弹性力分布元件103不受限制地挠曲。可选地,凹穴99的内侧端部能定位为啮合相关的L形弯曲端部105从而限制端部105的向内运动。(参见图6。)例如,这样做就可以避免端部105完全地滑出凹穴99,比如在座位单元50的极端滥用情况下。而且,凹穴99的外侧端部能定位为啮合相关的L形弯曲端部105从而限制端部105的向外运动。例如,这样做就可以在长区段104中引起预张紧或预弯曲。试验证明,使用者在最初坐在座椅上时喜欢有预张紧,以使得当他们最初坐下到座椅中时感觉到有阻力,尽管这对于靠背51来说也许并不是关键性的。还可以预期,长区段104在装配之前可以进行预弯曲(比如弓形弯曲或悬吊形弯曲)或指定其它形状。这样就提供了具有三维形状的舒适表面,其在视觉上比平表面更令人感兴趣。预弯曲形状也能满足一些实用功能,比如当使用者坐到座位上时的最初感觉。尤其,装配前的弯曲或装配后的弯曲/张紧能用在靠背上,也能用在座位上,并且也许更可能用在靠背上,因为靠背希望相对更大的偏移,尤其是在腰部区域。
尤其,所示周边结构90在没有连接到座位支撑结构61时在垂直于上座位表面的方向上令人惊奇地柔性和可扭曲,但是座位支撑结构61增加了抵抗座位扭曲型挠曲的相当强度。在无应力的情况下(图5),L形端部105在凹穴99的外侧端部附近。当坐者依靠在金属线的弹性力分布元件103的线性区段104上时,端部105就朝向彼此地被拉动。尤其,在没有对周边结构90的相对侧面93-94向内施压时,凹穴99允许端部105的向内运动。(尤其,如果端部105的向内运动立即受到周边结构90的阻碍,周边结构90上将有相当的力,由于当直的金属线在其中间区域被弯曲时向内拉动或拖动端部105的机械优点。)因为周边结构90中降低的强度要求,就能从座椅中张紧织物被伸展跨过座位框架中开口之处减小其横截面大小。
可以预期,弹性力分布元件可以具有很多不同的结构,包括金属杆、预弯曲的线材、长的板簧状条带、和/或其它具有弹性刚度和记忆的弹性材料。弹性力分布元件103可以具有不同的横截面形状(例如圆形、扁平、弯曲、工字梁形、椭圆形、圆矩形等)并且可以沿着其长度具有非均匀的横截面和非均匀的强度。而且,弹性力分布元件可以由很多不同的材料制成,比如钢、金属、热塑性塑料、热固性塑料、增强塑料和/或复合材料。而且,力分布元件可以具有很多不同的长度形状,包括线性或弓形或悬吊状或其它形状。词语“金属线”在这里通常用来描述优选的模式,但是这个措辞并不是要用来限制于金属。
在操作中,用于座位单元(即座椅50)的支撑结构包括具有限定出开口(或空间)的相对侧面区段(72-73或93-94)的周边框架(69或90)、以及覆盖该开口(或空间)用于支撑坐者的柔性舒适表面。舒适表面包括多个与开口相关的拉长的弹性力分布元件(80或103)以及去耦装置(端部82/凹穴76或者端部105/凹穴99),所述去耦装置用于可操作地支撑弹性力分布元件以减小点接触所导致的局部偏移以及用于在开口相对侧面的方向上分布用于点接触的支撑,同时还限制相对侧面区段上的向内力。
图6A示出了类似于图6的布置,但是变型的金属线支撑件80’包括每端上位于斜道77内侧的S形弯头80”。S形弯头80”将直的长区段81定位在相对于盖板83和侧面区段72和73升高的水平处。升高的水平可以是希望的任何距离。例如,可以希望将金属线区段81的顶面定位为稍微在盖板83的顶面之上。这样就允许较厚的泡沫填料100用在侧面框架元件98上而较薄的泡沫100’用来覆盖金属线支撑件80’的长区段81。应当指出的是,在长区段81上希望是较薄的泡沫塑料以使得通过各个金属线支撑件80’的挠曲而提供的有效舒适不会被泡沫塑料所掩盖。同时,在侧面框架元件98上以及大致周边框架90周围希望是较厚的泡沫以软化坐者在周边框架90上受到的支撑。应当指出的是,图6A所示布置允许周边框架结构90的前部区段96(参见图5)具有在左右方向上呈线性的恒定水平横截面。尤其,前部区段96仍然具有邻近开口95向下弯曲的“瀑布”后边缘,但是其无需具有用于从前部区段96过渡到开口95的较低中心区域。尤其,金属线区段81弯曲以提供非常舒适的支撑,以使得除了可能为了美观之外,潜在地就无需(泡沫或其它)衬垫和饰物覆盖(或织物覆盖)。尤其,双S形弯头80”在这里导致了类似于腿部128D(图10)或腿部128F(图12)的腿部。然而,弯头80”并不是足够地长以致于能防止金属线支撑件80’在凹穴76里的L形端部82在侧面框架元件内的滑动。
可选地,可以希望将金属线区段81的顶面定位在与盖板83相同的水平或者稍微低于盖板83,比如如同有可伸展的织物用在盖板83上和/或没有使用泡沫塑料那样。
下文中公开了数个其它实施例。相同和类似的零件和特点利用相同的数字来标识但是增加了字母“A”、“B”、“C”等。这样做是为了减少多余的叙述,而不是为了其它目的。而且,为了减少多余叙述,我们将参考座位的部件。然而,可以预期,同样的叙述适用于靠背。
图3和5示出了利用单根具有L形端部(参见图6)的金属线的靠背和座位的实施例,其中每个长区段(81或104)是各个单独金属线的一部分,并且每个端部区段被可滑动地支撑。还可以预期,长区段组能结合起来,比如通过形成矩形形状的金属环103A(图7),并且每个金属环103A包括一对长区段104A并且包括在每端处连接长区段104A的横向延伸端部区段105A。一个端部区段105A形成为金属线位于两个长区段104A之间的整体中间区段,而另一端部区段可以紧靠邻近的自由端部区段,或者能点焊起来以形成实心连续的矩形金属环。还可以预期,两个以上的相邻金属线能结合起来,比如通过由连续的长金属线形成蛇形布置。例如,蛇形布置可包括第一长区段、从其第一端部横向延伸的第一端部区段、在平行于第一长区段的方向上从第一端部区段延伸的第二长区段、从其第二端部横向延伸的第二端部区段、平行于第二长区段延伸的第三长区段、从其第二长区段(与第一端部区段相同的端部)横向延伸的第三端部区段,等等。其结果将是每个连续的长区段104A在交替的端部连接邻近的长区段。(参见图13。)
低摩擦的轴承也可以用来支撑端部区段以滑动地啮合,在该处希望摩擦力的进一步减小和/或其它功能性控制。例如,轴承116A(图7)适于滑动地装配入侧面框架元件98A中的凹穴99A。轴承116A包括用于容纳环103A上的端部区段105A的U形凹槽117A,并且还包括平状底面,用于滑动地啮合凹穴99A中匹配的平状底面。如果希望,凹槽117A可以成形为卡扣地容纳端部区段105A。轴承116A上的内侧和外侧表面被成形为提供增加的表面积以防止过度磨损以及为轴承116A在其运动极限处提供用于限制运动的最佳持久阻挡,这又限制了长区段104A的挠曲,比如可能在滥用情况下出现的。轴承116A可以由低摩擦材料制成,比如缩醛,而凹穴99A由最佳的匹配材料制成,比如尼龙。图7还示出了如果希望,在相同的座位构造中,在没有轴承116A的情况下也能使用矩形金属环的弹性力分布元件(参见位置“B”)。
在一个可选实施例中,单根金属线的弹性力分布元件103C(图9)包括端部区段105C,其与长区段104C共线地延伸穿过侧面框架元件98C。止动件120C形成于端部区段105C的一端上,比如通过连接一个不会装配穿过孔121C的紧固放大球或垫圈,而端部区段105C就滑动地装配穿过所述孔121C。优选地,孔在位置122C处在其下部内侧表面上放大或突出以减小当长区段104C在使用中被挠曲和弯曲时端部区段105C上的局部应力。
在图10-11所示实施例中,侧面框架元件98D包括多个相邻的薄且平的条带材料125D,它们通过活动铰链127D和垂直腿部128D连接到侧面框架元件98D的下壁126D。尤其,条带125D、壁126D、活动铰链127D和垂直腿部128D能与侧面框架元件98D整体地模制,这会减小零件成本和组配。条带125D延伸跨过侧面框架元件98D之间的开口95D,并且包括成形来卡扣地容纳弹性力分布元件103D的凹槽129D,所述力分布元件是直线的、很长并且没有弯曲。垂直腿部128D足够地长以使得当弹性力分布元件103D(即长区段104D)被挠曲时铰链127D用作绕着轴线“C”旋转的枢轴,如图10中虚线所示。因而,图10所示实施例的独特性在于无需弹性力分布元件103D的任何滑动支撑。可以预期,垂直腿部128D能做得稍微更短,以使得在垂直腿部128D的顶部处有着接头的有限挠曲。这将会牺牲弹性力分布元件的“纯粹”旋转支撑,因为枢轴运动的轴线“太靠近”弹性力分布元件103D的端部,但是如果其它部件用来挠曲并足以让坐者不会注意到操作中的这种稍微牺牲,那么潜在地并非是不可接受的。例如,如果设计工程师希望侧面框架元件98D的垂直尺寸稍微更小点,那么可以这么做。
图11是图10的顶视图,并且示出了相邻条带125D被线性狭缝130D所分隔,但是条带125D包括相对紧靠在一起并且平行的边缘130D。因而,坐者不会感觉到条带之间的任何缝隙,即使相邻的条带在相对方向上挠曲和扭曲。应当指出的是,加入衬垫和/或饰物覆盖也有助于在前后方向上分散力。图11A示出了边缘130E可以是正弦形状以形成相互配合的指状突出键片131E。突出键片131E在前后方向132E上提供了点负载的增大分布。他们还有助于确保人的衣服不会被夹在相邻条带125D之间,比如如果这种布置在没有衬垫或饰物覆盖的情况下使用时。这样还防止了在使用衬垫的情况下衬垫被陷入其间。支撑件的这种前后分布补偿了弹性力分布元件103E的长区段的功能,所述力分布元件在平行于长区段104E长度的左右方向上分散点接触和分布点应力。
一种可选的座位53F(图12-13)包括形成座位支撑结构的间隔开的侧面框架元件98F,每个侧面框架元件98F限定了连续的平行凹槽135F。弹性的蛇形力分布元件103F包括数个在交替的端部由端部区段105F连接起来的平行长区段104F。端部区段105F包括垂直腿部128F以及横向延伸的短区段136F,所述短区段匹配地装配入凹槽135F内,由此端部区段被旋转地支撑。短区段136F沿着每个凹槽135F限定了在“R”处旋转的轴线,并且垂直腿部128F足够地长以致于弹性力分布元件103F在如图12所示那样可旋转地支撑时能挠曲和弯曲。尤其,金属线在短区段136F中的半径导致了短区段136F在凹槽135F中旋转时少量的滑动摩擦,但是这个半径是如此的小以使得滑动阻力可以忽略。所示垂直腿部126F垂直地延伸,但是如果希望其可以稍微向内倾斜,以使得其与长的弹性力分布元件103F形成大于90度的角度。
另一种座位布置(图14-15)包括间隔开的侧面框架元件98G,其如下所述那样可旋转地支撑拉长的弹性力分布元件103G。弹性支撑元件包括长区段104G并且每一端上是模制端件140G。端件140G可以模制上,比如通过夹物模制,或者能摩擦地或以其它方式连接。端件140G的主体141G容纳长区段104G的端部,并且腿部142G从主体141G向下延伸。腿部142G具有圆角底面143G,其形成了用于与侧面框架元件98G中的配合凹槽滑动地啮合的滑动枢轴面。可以预期,端件140G可以由比如缩醛之类的材料制成,并且侧面框架元件98G由比如尼龙之类的材料制成,以使得其间的摩擦和磨损可以忽略。端件140G能以不同的方式紧固起来。如所示,金属线或杆144G沿着由圆角底面143G限定的旋转轴线延伸。这样就允许杆144G在相邻位置将端件140G紧固起来,但是允许端件140G独立地旋转。这样就保留了弹性力分布元件103G的独立动作。其还允许端件140G连接到弹性力分布元件103G的每一端从而形成一系列模块,所述模块能互连为期望的长的“薄板”舒适表面。弹性力分布元件103G的模块性以及它们的顺序互连潜在地在制造和装配上具有优点。
可以想象,舒适表面能由一系列具有长区段105H(图16-19)的弹性力分布元件103H形成,所述长区段在其外侧端部通过弹性材料(比如橡胶或弹性体)的弹性条带150H结合起来。弹性材料150H又由侧面框架元件98H支撑或者支撑于其上。在所示布置中,织物盖板151H连接到侧面框架元件98H的一侧,并且延伸跨过弹性力分布元件103H和跨过开口95H以保持舒适表面以及为了美观起见形成更连续的平面。当弹性力分布元件103H被挠曲时,弹性材料150H伸展和变形以减少和基本上消除侧面框架元件98H上的侧面应力,如图17和19所示。
又一变型的布置在图20中示出,其与图15和/或图18的实施例类似。在图20的舒适表面中,各个模块由弹性力分布元件103I制成,所述弹性力分布元件具有紧固在长区段104I每端处的区块160I。区块160I由刚性杆161I保持在一起,所述刚性杆延伸穿过每个区块160I并且允许区块160I的各自旋转。区块160I比如由区块160I之间位于杆161I上的管状套筒区段162I间隔开,杆161I限定了区块160I的旋转轴。旋转轴能等于或低于弹性力分布元件103I的长区段104I。当杆161I在高度上相对地靠近长区段104I时,优选地区块160I由可伸展和变形的材料制成,或者可选地,优选地弹性力分布元件103I在区块160L内滑动。(比较图9。)在又一变型中,杆161I由柔性钢缆替换,所述柔性钢缆如同绳上的珠子那样将杆103I间隔开并且像图18那样保持。
在图21-24的变型布置中,舒适表面通过将一系列平行的弹性力分布元件103J缝合或以其它方式连接到片材165J(饰物覆盖片材)(或者柔性织物或衬垫片材)上而提供。片材165J的外侧边缘166J紧固到侧面框架元件98J。弹性力分布元件103J的所示外侧端部还没有达到侧面框架元件98J的内侧表面就终止,尽管可以想到它们可以延伸得比所示情况更加向外。饰物覆盖片材165J通常被拉得很紧。侧面框架元件98J的内侧边缘167J被圆角,以提供饰物覆盖片材165J在远离侧面框架元件98J变化时更平滑的变化。当有人坐在舒适表面上时,弹性力分布元件103J沿着其长度分布由于任何点接触所导致的应力。然而,是饰物覆盖片材使力传递到侧面框架元件98J。
在图25的变型布置中,两个片材166K和166K’被缝合起来,并且多个平行的弹性力分布元件103K定位在其中。缝线170K形成了弹性力分布元件103K被保持在其中的凹穴。对于本领域的熟练技术人员来说很清楚,可以形成长条的“舒适表面”材料,并且能卷起为非常长的片材,这种长的片材能按照需要切割成定长。这种布置在所期望的“舒适表面”片材事先不知道时(比如在包装业可能会出现这种情况)具有特别的优点。可以预期,具有弹性力分布元件103K的片材166K/166K’的组件将形成在下述情况下具有优点的工件:当组件的边缘需要支撑时,还有片材组件在第一方向D1上需要强度并且在垂直的第二方向D2上需要灵活度时。
图26的变型布置类似于图25,但是两个片材166K和166K’由两个弹性条带180L替代,所述弹性条带沿着弹性力分布元件103L的每个端部用于在弹性力分布元件103L能卷起的受控状况下将它们连接起来。在希望时,弹性材料的中心条带181L能沿着弹性力分布元件103L的中心粘合(或者以其它方式连接)以便在组件被开卷时更好地控制弹性力分布元件103L直到它们被定位在侧面框架元件98L上的使用位置。
图27-33用来示意性地示出这种创造性概念的弹性力分布元件R、支撑件S、去耦装置DM以及它们的互连关系。图27是示出类似于图1-2有人使用座椅时的透视图。可以预期,这里所示的任何概念也能用于靠背、头靠或扶手。而且,这种概念能用于任何座位单元,比如用于体育馆、公共交通、医疗等。此外,这种概念还能用于希望将点负载接触分布为分散支撑力的任何设备。图28-29是用于被支撑为在其端部旋转的弹性力支撑元件的示意图;图30-31是用于被支撑为在其端部滑动的弹性力支撑元件的示意图;图32-33是用于由弹性区块在其端部进行支撑的弹性力支撑元件的示意图。通过组合上述概念可以得到混合布置。例如,图28-29的布置,其中具有最佳的高度、距离以及枢轴臂从旋转点到支撑元件R端部的角度。如果枢轴臂太短,在支撑元件R挠曲时,接头处就形成了张力。通过允许旋转点滑动或伸展就能避免这种张力。如果枢轴臂太高,那么在元件R挠曲时枢轴臂就被迫弯曲(除非其支撑件能滑动或伸展)。如果枢轴臂的长度“正好”,就不会迫使出现张力或弯曲并且金属线的线性长区段能自由地挠曲,但是仅仅达到一点。这种关系的几何结构仅仅是估计的并且在大变形时会被破坏。
应当理解的是,在不偏离本发明概念的前提下,在前述结构上能作出变化和变型,并且还应当理解的是,这些概念被下述权利要求覆盖,除非这些权利要求本身有清楚的声明。
Claims (15)
1.一种座位单元,包括:
框架,所述框架包括相对的间隔开的侧面框架元件;
由框架支撑的柔性座位表面;
多个与所述座位表面相关联的拉长的弹性力分布元件,它们在支撑坐者时控制座位表面的轮廓,所述弹性力分布元件大体柔性且沿着其长度可弯曲并且跨过座位表面数量和分布足够以减少座位表面的局部偏移并且从而减少与坐者相关的点接触压力;以及
用于将所述多个弹性力分布元件的端部滑动地支撑在相对的间隔开的侧面框架元件上的去耦装置,
其中框架包括其中具有凹穴的相对区段,并且其中弹性力分布元件包括L形端部,所述L形端部滑动地啮合凹穴以便在弹性力分布元件挠曲时滑动。
2.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中框架是限定了开口的靠背周边框架,弹性力分布元件定位在所述开口上。
3.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件具有圆形横截面。
4.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件是线性部件。
5.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件是有弹性的刚性钢棒。
6.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中框架包括周边框架,该周边框架包括前和后框架元件并且还包括互连前和后框架元件的前端和后端的相对侧面框架元件。
7.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件还包括邻近L形端部的S形弯头。
8.如权利要求1所述的座位单元,其中侧面框架元件具有迫使座位表面采取三维非平面形状的曲线形形状,而仍然允许座位表面承受由于外部负荷所引起的另外运动。
9.一种座位单元,包括:
框架,所述框架包括相对的间隔开的侧面框架元件;
由框架支撑的柔性座位表面;
多个与所述座位表面相关联的拉长的弹性力分布元件,它们在支撑坐者时控制座位表面的轮廓,所述弹性力分布元件大体柔性且沿着其长度可弯曲并且跨过座位表面数量和分布足够以减少座位表面的局部偏移并且从而减少与坐者相关的点接触压力;以及
用于将所述多个弹性力分布元件的端部滑动地支撑在相对的间隔开的侧面框架元件上的去耦装置,
其中弹性力分布元件包括可操作地滑动啮合框架相对区段的端部并且还包括S形弯头和在S形弯头之间延伸的直线区段,该直线区段位于相对于框架相对区段顶面的升高位置处。
10.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中框架是限定了开口的靠背周边框架,弹性力分布元件定位在所述开口上。
11.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件具有圆形横截面。
12.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件是线性部件。
13.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中弹性力分布元件是有弹性的刚性钢棒。
14.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中框架包括周边框架,该周边框架包括前和后框架元件并且还包括互连前和后框架元件的前端和后端的相对侧面框架元件。
15.如权利要求9所述的座位单元,其中侧面框架元件具有迫使座位表面采取三维非平面形状的曲线形形状,而仍然允许座位表面承受由于外部负荷所引起的另外运动。
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