CN1444800A - 能量自给的高频发射器 - Google Patents

能量自给的高频发射器 Download PDF

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CN1444800A
CN1444800A CN01813342A CN01813342A CN1444800A CN 1444800 A CN1444800 A CN 1444800A CN 01813342 A CN01813342 A CN 01813342A CN 01813342 A CN01813342 A CN 01813342A CN 1444800 A CN1444800 A CN 1444800A
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K·皮斯托尔
F·施密德特
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Enocean GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02Transmitters
    • H04B1/04Circuits
    • H04B1/0458Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02Transmitters
    • H04B1/04Circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/16Circuits
    • H04B1/1607Supply circuits

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Abstract

能量自给高频发射器具有至少一个电机换能器(1),其带有连接在后面的整流器电路(2)和变压器电路(3),此外具有与变压器电路(3)连接的逻辑组件(4),其带有一个过程控制和一个存储器,在该存储器中存储识别代码,以及具有一个高频发射级(5)。其与逻辑组件(4)和发射天线(6)连接。

Description

能量自给的高频发射器
本发明涉及一个能量自给的高频发射器、其应用以及高频信号能量自给发射的方法。
目前已知能量自给系统,在该系统中借助于压电换能器把机械能量转换为电能,然后整流。该电能用于控制简单的振荡回路。
本发明的任务是,提供一个具有改善可能的能量自给发射器用于信息传递。
借助于按照权利要求1的能量自给高频发射器、按照权利要求10的方法以及按照权利要求18的应用解决该任务。
为此高频发射器具有至少一个带有连接在后面的整流器电路的电机换能器和至少一个变压器电路。一个逻辑组件与变压器电路连接。该逻辑组件包含至少一个过程控制和一个存储器,在该存储器中存储识别码。一个高频发射级与逻辑组件连接,由逻辑组件控制该高频发射级。借助于至少一个发射天线辐射高频发射级产生的高频信号。
对电机换能器理解为一个普通的部件,在该部件中机械能量可以转换为电能,例如压电、电致伸缩或磁致伸缩元件或电磁感应线圈。
例如可以从
-开关、电键或另外控制元件的手动操作;
-定向机械力作用、例如窗户或门的开或关或工业装置中的制动开关;
-例如液体或气体中压力变化;
-例如在机器、齿轮、运输工具上的振动
中产生机械能。
通过整流电路整流换能器产生的电压并且然后该电压传递给变压器。借助于变压器保证,在短时间后可以量取一个恒定的电压。由此避免电压峰值,并且此外提高运行安全性。
可以直接或经过一个附加存在的电流存储元件、例如电容器实现在整流器和变压器之间的连接。在存在电容的情况下例如通过后面的变压器把电容器的典型呈指数下降的充电电压至少暂时可以转换为恒定电压。可是该换能器元件本身也可以存储电压。
如果存在足够的电压信号用于逻辑组件的能量供给,则逻辑组件传送至少一个识别代码并且也许还传送另外的信息、例如传感器测量信号给高频发射级。在高频发射级中电压信号用于产生一个包含识别代码的高频信号并通过发射天线辐射出去。
这种能量自主传递信号的方法有这样的优点,换能器提供的能量的利用率关于可发射的信息密度是非常高的。虽然如此系统每时间单元消耗了与简单的振荡回路相比较高的电能,可是每时间单元发射了与此过比例的高信息密度。总之从中得出更好地利用换能器提供使用的电能。
为了达到高效率和紧密的结构形式这是有益的,电机换能器包含至少一个压电元件、特别是一个压电的弯曲换能器。
例如为了达到价廉物美的结构这也是优选的,电机换能器包含至少一个感应线圈。
为了保证足够长期的能量供给这是有益的,在整流器电路和变压器电路之间例如以电容器形式存在至少一个能量存储元件用于存储电流。
为了提高效率此外这是有利的,变压器电路具备一个另外的能量存储元件。这是特别有利的,有节奏地驱动变压器电路。
此外这是有益的,逻辑组件与至少一个传感器连接。由此逻辑组件可以除了识别代码外也可以检测或者读出至少一个传感器的测量数据,并且把这些数据调制在高频信号上。
这也是有益的,在足够长时间的电压供给的情况下一个接一个地辐射具有完整信息内容的多个高频信号,因为通过冗余建立增高的通信安全性。
为了提高监听可靠性这是有益的,加密高频信号的信息、典型地通过在逻辑组件中集成的加密逻辑电路。由此也能够通过输入特殊的密钥提高传输安全性,例如为了访问控制。特别在发射多个高频信号的情况下这是有利的,不同加密每个高频信号,例如以不同的密钥。
为了抑制传输干扰这是有利的,在发射多个高频信号的情况下其时间间隔是彼此可变的,或各个高频信号的频率是不同的。
同样为了提高传输安全性、特别是在具有多个高频发射器的环境中、这是有益的,例如通过可变、比如统计地、调整延迟、延时辐射高频信号。例如在逻辑组件的软件中可以实现延迟。通过使用具有其延迟装置的分别统计分布延迟时间的高频发射器能够提高传输概率。
为了降低高频发射器的能量消耗这是有益的,以节能的低消耗技术(Ultra-Low-Power-Technik=ULP-Technik)实施逻辑组件。
这是有益的,逻辑组件包含一个微处理器或ASIC部件。
一部分由换能器提供的电能典型地用于使逻辑组件加速进入运行状态。为此一般预先规定一个压电石英作为内部时钟。为了缩短逻辑组件的加速时间这是有益的,LC振荡回路或RC振荡回路代替压电石英作为内部时钟。
为了达到高的数据传输速率这是有益的,借助于高频发射级发射频率>1MHz的信号。现今技术上实现例如在100MHz和30GHz之间的频率F。当然原则上不存在频率上限。
为了在短时间内达到高数据吞吐量这是有益的,高频信号的带宽至少为100kHz。
这是有益的,在一个发射周期逻辑组件
-例如从逻辑组件的存储器中读出识别代码;
-产生发射电报,其至少包含识别代码并且也许包含另外的信息、例如传感器的测量数据;
-激活高频发射级;
-在高频振荡上加调制、也许编码和/或时间延迟发射电报。
特别有益的是在交通技术、特别是汽车技术和铁路技术中和/或在建筑技术、特别是安装技术中例如用于控制室内设备、电子设备或用于访问控制。
作为一种应用情况概括根据机械馈电的光控开关详细描述高频发射器的各个观点。可是本发明自然不局限于这种特殊应用。
a)电压生成
为了生成电压、也就是说机械能转换为电能,使用压电弯曲换能器,其例如在5N力的作用下得到5mm弯曲并且在其50nF的固有电容上建立引起的50V电压。现技术状况有具有该参数的换能器并且从尺寸和机械要求上适合于商业的光控开关。
b)电压处理
通过使用具有高效率和高动态输入电压的变压器按照现技术状况产生一个稳压。如果电容器上的充电电压在工作中例如从20V下降到5V,则在输出端上稳压电路提供恒定的3V。
c)能量考虑
应当指出如下的能量考虑,在处理器电路的短时运行和高频发射器的实施例中能够使用产生的电压。
在弯曲换能器中电能是:
E=1/2CU2=1/250·10-9·502[V2As/V]=62.5μWs,其中在换能器80%效率的情况下剩下大约50μWs。因此例如需要大约20mW(3V并且6.6mA)的电路可以运行t=50μWs/20mW=2.5ms的持续时间。
d)传输速率和数据量
如果假设高频发射机100kbit/s的调制率,则在这段时间内可以发射出大约250Bit的数据。这些数据量足以加密开关的身份并且也提供这种可能性,通过多次发射或应用相关方法提高传输安全性。此外逻辑电路、典型的是微处理器或ASIC的使用允许加密传输的数据。
e)高频发射机
高频发射机基于1mW的功率,这满足在私人寓所内在每时每刻安全发射数据。对此典型情景是,所有开关、例如光控开关、在工作时发射一个或多个高频电报,各自接收机接收该电报并且接收机开始相应动作(开灯/关灯,灯光减弱等等)。
当然能量自给高频发射器不局限于在建筑技术中的应用,而是可以普遍使用。可能的应用领域例如是开关应用、比如人工操作的紧急呼叫发射器、访问权限检索、遥控、另外的开关、工业中的终端开关、交通、用在家庭中、用在水、气、电流的计数器中、作为移动信号装置、动物监视、防盗以及在汽车技术中普遍用于降低在汽车中的存在的电缆束或用在铁路中。
作为传感器应用传感器例如适合于温度、压力、动力和另外测量量,特别适合于测量汽车轮胎压力和温度、轮轴温度和火车加速度、发动机和工业设备的温度、压力、动力。
在下面图1的实施例中图解描述了能量自给高频发射机的工作原理:
在图1中概略指出了高频发射机的不同功能单元。
首先以电机换能器1、主要是压电弯曲换能器或感应线圈、机械能用于电荷分离并因此用于电压生成。例如从机械的力作用(例如按力)中、从压力改变或振动中产生机械能。
以产生的电压经过整流电路2对电容器7充电。同样也能够直接馈给电压调整电路3,其中例如换能器1本身存储电荷。后面的变压是有益的,以便从电容器7的呈指数下降的充电电压中产生短时间以后恒定的电压用于驱动后面的电子电路。
只要存储的能量容许,以恒定的电压激活后面的逻辑组件4和高频发射级5并供电。逻辑组件4包含微处理器过程控制、存储器、在该存储器中存放测量点或开关的身份,并且(选择)传感器输入端、通过该输入端可以连接一个或多个传感器8。
如果通过机械的能量供应提供电源电压,则触发下面的处理器控制的过程:
a)读出识别代码
b)读出连接的传感器8(选择)
c)加密数据(选择)
d)生成发射电报,其包含识别代码
e)激活高频发射级5
f)高频振荡与发射电报调制(选择多次,只要能量足以支配或直到达到另外的中断标准)
高频发射级5产生高频振荡,其通过发射天线6辐射。该振荡调制由逻辑组件4产生的发射电报。

Claims (25)

1.能量自给高频发射器,具有
-至少一个带有连接在后面的整流器电路(2)和变压器电路(3)的电机换能器(1),
-一个与变压器电路(3)连接的逻辑组件(4),其具有一个过程控制和一个存储器,在该存储器中存储识别代码,
-一个高频发射级(5),其与逻辑组件(4)以及至少一个发射天线(6)连接。
2.按照权利要求1的能量自给高频发射器,其中电机换能器(1)至少包含一个压电元件。
3.按照权利要求2的能量自给高频发射器,其中至少一个压电元件是弯曲换能器。
4.按照权利要求1的能量自给高频发射器,其中电机换能器(1)至少包含一个感应线圈。
5.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中变压器电路(3)包含一个另外的能量存储元件。
6.按照权利要求5的能量自给高频发射器,其中可以有节奏地驱动变压器电路(3)。
7.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中在整流器电路(2)和变压器电路(3)之间存在至少一个电容器(7)用于能量存储。
8.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中逻辑组件(4)至少包含一个微处理器和/或ASIC。
9.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,逻辑组件(4)与至少一个传感器(8)连接。
10.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中以ULP技术实施逻辑组件(4)。
11.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中逻辑组件(4)具有一个LC振荡回路或一个RC振荡回路作为主时钟。
12.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中借助于高频发射级(5)以大于1MHz的频率、特别是在100MHz和30GHz之间的频率(f)发射高频信号。
13.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中高频信号的带宽可以大于100kHz。
14.按照上述权利要求之一的能量自给高频发射器,其中在逻辑组件(4)和发射天线(6)之间插入一个延迟装置。
15.能量自给发射高频信号的方法,其中
a)借助于电机换能器(1)把机械运动转换为电压信号;
b)整流电压信号;
c)改变已整流的电压信号用于产生至少部分恒定的电压电平;
d)电压信号然后用于至少一个逻辑组件(4)的能量供给;
e)逻辑组件(4)至少传递识别代码给高频发射级(5);
f)高频发射级(5)通过发射天线(6)辐射包含识别代码的高频信号。
16.按照权利要求15的方法,在步骤e)中至少具有分步骤
e1)特别从逻辑组件(4)的存储器中读出识别代码;
e2)生成发射电报,其包含识别代码;
e3)激活高频发射级(5)
e4)高频振荡与发射电报调制。
17.按照上述权利要求15或16之一的方法,其中逻辑组件(4)检测至少一个传感器(8)的测量数据,并且将这些测量数据调制于高频信号上。
18.按照上述权利要求15至17之一的方法,其中多个具有完整的信息内容的高频信号一个接一个辐射出去。
19.按照权利要求18的方法,其中相互可变调整各个高频信号的时间间隔和/或频率。
20.按照权利要求15至19之一的方法,其中加密高频信号的信息。
21.按照权利要求20的方法,其中不同加密多个高频信号。
22.按照权利要求15至21的方法,其中时间延迟高频信号的辐射。
23.按照权利要求15至22之一的方法,其中发射具有大于100kHz的带宽的高频信号。
24.按照权利要求15至23之一的方法,其中以大于1MHz、特别是在100MHz和30GHz之间的频率发射高频信号。
25.按照权利要求1至14之一的高频发射器应用在交通技术中、特别是汽车技术或用在建筑技术中、特别是安装技术。
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CN101419743B (zh) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-02 江苏惠通集团有限责任公司 无线遥控开关及家电mac地址写入方法
CN110794755B (zh) * 2015-05-29 2023-10-13 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
CN110750067B (zh) * 2015-05-29 2023-12-29 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
CN110297449B (zh) * 2015-05-29 2023-10-24 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
CN110297449A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2019-10-01 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
CN110703657A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2020-01-17 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
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CN110794755A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2020-02-14 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
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CN111596583A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2020-08-28 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 自发电无线开关及其应用
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EP1312171B1 (de) 2006-03-29
CN100508406C (zh) 2009-07-01
US9887711B2 (en) 2018-02-06
US20140364074A1 (en) 2014-12-11
WO2001091315A3 (de) 2002-04-11
US9614553B2 (en) 2017-04-04
EP1312171A2 (de) 2003-05-21
US20030143963A1 (en) 2003-07-31
US20120208479A1 (en) 2012-08-16
WO2001091315A2 (de) 2001-11-29
US20090027167A1 (en) 2009-01-29
DE50109385D1 (de) 2006-05-18
US20130149977A1 (en) 2013-06-13
DE10025561A1 (de) 2001-12-06

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