CN107433845A - 基于条件的动力系控制系统 - Google Patents

基于条件的动力系控制系统 Download PDF

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CN107433845A
CN107433845A CN201710281706.3A CN201710281706A CN107433845A CN 107433845 A CN107433845 A CN 107433845A CN 201710281706 A CN201710281706 A CN 201710281706A CN 107433845 A CN107433845 A CN 107433845A
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engine
controller
cooling system
points
temperature
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CN107433845B (zh
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A.M.福克斯曼
D.帕赫纳
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Garrett Power Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd.
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
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    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
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    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
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Abstract

本发明涉及基于条件的动力系控制系统。一种用于开发用于动力系系统的控制器的设定点的系统和方法。控制器可以被参数化为设定点的函数，以提供针对发动机或动力系的当前操作条件的用户或操作者认为可接受的性能变量。控制器可以在动力系系统的操作期间实时地确定设定点轨迹并确定所操纵的变量的位置，以将所控制的变量驱动到相关联的和所确定的设定点轨迹。本系统和方法可以在线且实时地确定针对动力系条件的设定点轨迹，而设定点轨迹先前已离线地确定用于动力系控制。

Description

基于条件的动力系控制系统
技术领域
本公开涉及动力系系统，并且特别地涉及发动机和冷却系统的控制。更特别地，本公开涉及发动机和冷却系统的性能改进。
发明内容
本公开揭示了用于开发用于动力系系统的控制器的设定点和设定点轨迹的系统和方法。可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成确定针对动力系系统的一个或多个条件的设定点和/或设定点轨迹。所述控制器可以至少部分地基于动力系系统的当前操作条件和性能成本函数来确定针对动力系系统的一个或多个条件的设定点和/或设定点轨迹。控制器可以确定动力系系统的致动器的位置，以将该动力系系统的条件驱动到所确定的设定点和/或设定点轨迹。本系统和方法可以实时地且在动力系系统正在操作时配置和更新针对动力系系统的条件的设定点和设定点轨迹。
本公开中描述的方法对于控制动力系系统的瞬态性能和/或对于其它目的而言可能是重要的。这可能是因为用于控制动力系系统的性能的标准方法可以包括作为干扰变量的函数来计算静态离线设定点，并且对于瞬态性能优化而言，这样的方法可能需要具有大尺寸的地图，其可能超过在发动机控制单元中可用的存储量和/或可能存在于在线环境中的其处理能力。然而，本公开的系统和方法可以用比传统方法更少的存储量和处理能力需求在线且实时地确定设定点和/或设定点轨迹。
附图说明
图1是例证性动力系系统的示意框图；
图2是例证性动力系系统的控制器的示意框图；
图3是例证性动力系条件管理系统的实现的示意图；
图4是例证性动力系条件管理系统的实现的示意图；以及
图5是用于管理动力系系统的条件的例证性方法的示意流程图。
具体实施方式
如本文中描述的和/或附图中示出的本系统和方法可以在无论任何期望的情况下并入一个或多个处理器、计算机、控制器、用户接口、无线和/或有线连接和/或诸如此类。
交通运输原始设备制造商（OEM）可能在设计用于其动力系控制器的设定点的劳动密集型过程上花费大量的时间和金钱。动力系可以并入发动机、冷却系统，并且在一些实例中，并入废气后处理机构。动力系也可以并入驱动系，并且在一些设置中，并入与驱动系相关联的运载工具（vehicle）。本文中对发动机、冷却系统、动力系或后处理系统的任何引用可以被认为是对任何其它或所有这些组件的引用。
本方法的一个版本可以利用动力系控制器来帮助开发针对动力系系统的条件的设定点和/或设定点轨迹。动力系控制器可以被参数化为设定点轨迹的函数以实时（例如，当动力系系统正在操作时）设定致动器位置。本方法的另一个版本可以是用于向用户提供关于如何最好地在线且实时地修改动力系控制器的设定点的信息的实际方法。
动力系条件管理系统（例如，动力系热管理系统或其它动力系系统）的特性可以是，当动力系正在操作时，操作条件（例如，速度、负荷等）可以连续地或间歇性地改变以满足动力系的操作者的需要。在动力系热管理系统的示例中，用于最小燃料消耗和/或致动器功率消耗的最佳温度（例如，动力系系统的组件的温度设定点轨迹）可以取决于动力系系统的当前操作条件。一种方法可以控制动力系系统的组件的温度设定点轨迹，使得可以将温度驱动到最佳值（例如，设定点轨迹）以实现操作动力系的给定经济成本函数（例如，用于最小化燃料成本、能量消耗等等）。在一些情况下，当测量到动力系的操作条件改变或对操作条件的未来改变可能可用时，经济成本函数可以考虑诸如燃料消耗、能量消耗、寄生损失、排气输出等的性能变量。虽然可能主要关于设定温度设定点轨迹来讨论本文中公开的动力系热管理系统，但是所公开的概念可以用于压力设定点轨迹（例如，空调制冷剂）、流量设定点轨迹（例如，冷却剂流）和/或动力系系统的其它条件设定点轨迹。
在一些情况下，可以将针对动力系的条件的设定点轨迹维持在一个或多个约束内。在一个示例中，应用于动力系系统的控制的经济成本函数可以是模型预测控制（MPC）框架的一部分，使得可以生成控制动作同时将一个或多个条件（例如，温度条件、致动器位置等）维持在一个或多个约束内。
虽然可以使用具有来自稳态优化（例如，离线优化）的设定点轨迹的设定点轨迹调节的控制策略；但是这样的控制策略可能无法提供动力系系统的最佳性能，因为设定点轨迹可能是在没有考虑动力系系统的当前操作条件的情况下设定的。在一些情况下，可以从系统建模和/或优化角度来研究动力系系统的热管理，其中动力系系统性能的优化在线地（例如，在动力系系统的发动机或其它组件的操作期间实时地）发生。
在本文中，可以讨论在基于模型的控制框架中优化（例如，在线优化）动力系热管理的方法和/或系统。如下面进一步讨论的，所公开的概念可以以两种或多种方法中的一种或多种来实现，所述方法每种都解决动力系热管理的在线优化和控制。
转向附图，图1描绘出动力系系统10。动力系系统10可以包括冷却系统12、发动机14、传感器16、控制器18和/或一个或多个其它组件。
可以将冷却系统12连接到发动机14。例证性地，可以将冷却系统12配置成管理动力系组件（包括发动机14）的温度值。
可以将动力系系统10的一个或多个传感器16配置成感测冷却系统12和/或发动机14的一个或多个变量。在一些情况下，传感器16可以与控制器18通信并被配置成向控制器18发送感测到的变量值。
传感器16可以是被配置成感测动力系系统的变量的任何类型的传感器。例如，传感器16可以包括但不限于，温度传感器、绝对压力传感器、表压传感器、差压传感器、流量传感器、位置传感器和/或一个或多个其它类型的传感器。
控制器18可以是其中具有控制系统算法的电子控制模块（ECM）或电子控制单元（ECU）。在一个示例中，控制系统算法可以将控制器18配置为多变量控制器。
如在图2中所看到的，控制器18可以包括具有存储器24、处理器26、输入/输出（I/O）端口28和/或一个或多个其它组件的一个或多个控制器组件。处理器26可以与存储器24通信，并且可以被配置成执行存储在存储器24上的可执行指令和/或存储和使用保存在存储器24上的数据。在一个示例中，存储器24可以包括一个或多个控制系统算法和/或其它算法，并且处理器26可以执行与存储器24中的算法相关的指令（例如，软件代码或其它指令）。
存储器24可以是任何类型的存储器和/或可以包括各类存储器的任何组合。例如，存储器可以是易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、随机存取存储器（RAM）、闪存、只读存储器（ROM）和/或一个或多个其它类型的存储器。
I/O端口28可以向冷却系统12、发动机14、一个或多个传感器16、致动器20、22和/或动力系统10的其它组件或与动力系统10相互作用的组件发送信息和/或控制信号和/或从其接收信息和/或控制信号。可以将I/O端口28配置成通过与其它通信组件的有线或无线连接来通信。示例无线连接可以包括但不限于近场通信（NFC）、Wi-Fi、局域网（LAN）、广域网（WAN）、蓝牙®、低功耗蓝牙®（BLE）、ZIGBEE和/或一个或多个其它非专有或专有无线连接。
在一些情况下，可以将控制器18配置成通过从I/O端口28或其它端口输出如图2所示的控制信号34（例如，用于设定致动器位置的控制信号）来控制动力系系统10的致动器的位置，以将动力系系统10组件的条件驱动到相关联的设定点轨迹。输出的控制信号34可以至少部分地基于针对一个或多个变量（例如，来自动力系系统10的组件的传感器测量32和/或包括动力系系统10的致动器位置的其它操作条件）的接收值。
在一个示例控制器18中，可以将控制器18配置成至少部分地基于一个或多个变量的（例如，来自传感器测量32的）接收值来控制冷却系统12的致动器20、发动机14的致动器22和/或动力系系统10的其它组件的致动器的位置。示例动力系系统10致动器包括但不限于，格栅闸门、三向阀、散热器风扇、发动机泵、涡轮增压器废物计量器（waste gage）（WG）、可变几何涡轮增压器（VGT）、废气再循环（EGR）系统、喷射启动（SOI）系统、节流阀（TV）等的致动器。在一些情况下，可以将传感器16配置成感测致动器的位置。
如所讨论和图2中看到的，可以将控制器18配置成接收由传感器16感测的针对一个或多个变量的值。由传感器16感测的变量可以包括以下中的一个或多个：发动机气缸内壁温度（例如，发动机的金属或其它材料的温度）Tmetal、进气空气温度Tintake air、发动机机油温度Tengine oil、三向阀位置、格栅闸门位置、散热器风扇位置、发动机泵位置、发动机速度、发动机负荷、运载工具速度和/或与动力系系统10的操作相关的一个或多个其它变量。
在控制器18处从一个或多个传感器16接收到的感测变量（例如，传感器测量信号32）的值可以指示冷却系统12和/或发动机14的一个或多个条件。所接收的变量值可以是冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件，或者可以用于计算或确定冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件。冷却系统12和/或发动机14的例证性条件可以包括温度条件、压力条件、流量条件和/或一个或多个其它条件。
可以将控制器18配置成设定和/或提出针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的设定点轨迹。一旦确定了针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的设定点轨迹，就可以将控制器18配置成调整冷却系统12的致动器20和/或发动机14的致动器22的一个或多个位置，以将所述一个或多个条件的值驱动到相关联的条件设定点轨迹。可以在控制器在线（例如，冷却系统12和/或发动机14正在操作（例如，在动力系系统10的稳态和/或瞬态操作期间）并且控制器可能正实时接收来自传感器16的输入和/或其它输入）的同时执行确定设定点轨迹和/或调整致动器。
如上面所提到的，可以以一种或多种方式来确定针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的条件设定点轨迹。在一个示例中，可以基于对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的经验（例如，测试）和/或对其进行建模来确定针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的设定点轨迹。然后，一旦已从经验和/或建模中获得数据，就可以离线确定针对条件的设定点轨迹并将其固定以用于设定动力系系统10的致动器位置的在线考虑。用于确定设定点轨迹的这样的技术不一定考虑到动力系系统10的当前操作条件。
附加地或替换地，可以在考虑到动力系系统的当前操作条件的同时由控制器18来确定设定点轨迹。当考虑到动力系系统10的当前操作条件（例如，稳态和/或瞬态操作条件）时，可以将控制器18配置成至少部分地基于可以优化冷却系统12和/或发动机14的一组性能变量的成本函数来确定针对动力系系统10的一个或多个条件（例如，冷却系统12、发动机14和/或动力系系统的其它组件的条件）的设定点轨迹。性能变量的例证性优化可以包括但不限于，最小化燃料消耗、能量消耗、最小化寄生损失等。在成本函数的一个示例使用中，控制器18可以利用被配置成确定针对一个或多个热条件（例如，机油温度、发动机温度、变速冷却泵的速度等）的设定点轨迹的成本函数来最小化燃料消耗。
由控制器18利用的成本函数可以考虑到动力系系统10的模型，其中所述模型可以由以下来表示：
冷却系统/发动机 输出: x_dot = F(x,u,w)，输出: y = H(x,u, w) (1)
“x”可以表示可以针对其进行发动机上传感器测量的变量（例如，诸如压力、温度、浓度、涡轮速度等变量的状态）。“u”可以表示被操纵的变量或输入（例如，来自控制器18的用以操作诸如三向阀、格栅闸门、散热器风扇、发动机泵等的致动器的信号）。“w”可以表示诸如速度、燃料、环境条件等的外源性输入。可以对这些输入进行测量。然而，动力系系统10的一些输出（诸如性能和质量变量）可能不一定被测量，但是可以通过建模来推断、近似，通过试验来估计，用算法来计算，以及其它方式。
当考虑冷却系统12和/或发动机14的模型（诸如等式（1））时，非线性成本函数例如可以采取以下形式：
（2）
其中f(y,u)可以表示可能对动力系系统10的燃料经济性（例如，燃料消耗、能量消耗、寄生损失等）有影响的冷却系统12和发动机14的变量。用于实时地计算致动器位置u使得其可以优化成本函数J的机制可以发生在控制器上，其可以如下计算针对低层控制器的最佳设定点轨迹：
（3）
其中可以表示控制器18的调谐，可以表示对模型的软约束，并且和可以表示该模型是闭环模型。这里，k是时间索引，而y_SP k 是由控制器计算的最佳设定点轨迹。
至少部分地因为动力系系统10的模型可以被配置成输出针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的设定点轨迹，所以成本函数可以考虑到来自传感器16的输入和/或其它输入来确定针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的条件的设定点轨迹，同时最小化成本并且维持在预定约束内在动力系系统模型中（例如等式（1））表示的致动器的位置和设定点轨迹。在一个示例中，可以将控制器18配置成确定针对发动机壳体的温度、发动机进气歧管中的空气温度、发动机排气歧管中的空气温度、发动机机油温度、传动油温度和/或动力系系统10的组件的一个或多个其它温度的热设定点轨迹。附加地或替换地，可以按照期望来确定针对动力系系统10的其它条件的设定点轨迹。可以将控制器18配置成考虑到针对由传感器16感测的一个或多个变量的接收值和/或其它输入而在冷却系统12和/或发动机14的操作期间更新条件的设定点轨迹。
在一些情况下，控制器18（例如，基于模型预测控制（MPC）的多变量控制器）可以是和/或可以包括与两个或多个动力系组件子控制器42通信的监管控制器40，如图3所示。可以将监管控制器40配置成包括动力系系统10的模型（例如，等式（1））和动力系系统10的成本函数（例如，等式（2）），并且确定针对冷却系统12和发动机14的一个或多个条件的设定点轨迹（例如，针对冷却系统12和/或发动机14的温度条件的设定点轨迹）。如图3所示，可以将所确定的针对条件的设定点轨迹从监管控制器40发送到子控制器42。
子控制器42可以是任何类型的控制器。在一个示例中，一个或多个子控制器42可以是被配置成优化用于由监管控制器40确定的一个或多个设定点轨迹的输出的基于MPC的多变量控制器，和/或一个或多个子控制器42可以是被配置成优化用于由监管控制器40确定的单个设定点轨迹的输出的比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器。
在一个示例中，基于MPC的子控制器42可以基于以下输入传感器测量32和以下成本函数来确定致动器20、22的位置：
（4）
服从于：
（5）
这里，y k sp 可以表示由监管控制器40确定针对其的设定点轨迹的变量，并且y k 可以表示由传感器16感测的用于提供针对其的设定点轨迹的变量（例如，条件）的值。因为基于MPC的子控制器42可以是多变量控制器，所以MPC可以设定针对一个或多个被操纵的变量（例如，致动器20、22的位置）的值（例如，位置），以将所控制的变量（例如，条件）驱动到相关联的设定点轨迹（例如，条件的设定点轨迹）。
PID子控制器42可以包括控制回路反馈机制。在一个示例中，PID子控制器42可以将误差值计算为测量出的变量与如由监管控制器40确定的针对该变量的设定点轨迹之间的差。随时间推移，PID子控制器42可以试图通过调整所操纵的变量（例如，致动器20、22的位置）的值（例如，位置）来最小化误差，以将所控制的变量（例如，条件）驱动到相关联的设定点轨迹（例如，条件的设定点轨迹）。
一旦致动器20、22的位置已由子控制器42设定成满足由监管控制器40确定的设定点轨迹，就可以将致动器位置发送到冷却系统12和/或发动机14，并且可以将由传感器16感测的变量的值提供回给监管控制器40，以用作动力系系统成本函数中的输入来确定条件的设定点轨迹并重复以上步骤。
图4描绘了其中可以将等式（2）中的非线性成本函数变换成二次优化问题的附加或替换机制。该变换可以将性能成本函数变成一些设定点的跟踪问题，其中去除了弱方向（例如，其中成本可能几乎没有改变的方向）。可以在动力系系统10正在操作（例如，在动力系系统10的稳态和/或瞬态操作期间）的同时实时地确定针对动力系系统的条件的设定点轨迹和/或致动器位置。在图4中，控制器18（例如，多变量控制器）可以包括离线部分36和在线部分38，其中可以将在线部分38配置成采用来自正在操作的动力系系统10的组件的输入进行操作，而控制器18的离线部分36可以独立于操作中的动力系系统10的组件来操作。
如本文中所讨论的，可以将控制器18配置在一个或多个控制组件中。在一个示例中，可以将控制器18的离线部分36配置在与其中可以配置在线部分38的控制组件分离的控制组件中。在这样的实例中，可以将离线部分36配置在个人计算机、膝上型计算机、服务器等上，其可以与其中可以配置在线部分38的动力系系统10的ECU/ECM分离。替换地或此外，可以将控制器18配置在一个或多个其它控制组件中。
可以将控制器18的离线部分36配置在具有被配置成将非线性成本函数转换44成二次规划（QP）问题的处理能力的任何计算设备中。例证性非线性模型和成本函数可以表示为：
，服从于： （6）
为了促进将非线性成本函数转换成QP问题，可以如下近似等式（6）的函数f和j：
（7）
然后，等式（7）可以（例如，使用Hessian特征向量）被转换44为QP跟踪问题46并被调谐到控制器，这可以导致：
（8）
可以将控制器18的在线部分38配置成求解48QP问题46，如在等式（8）中，服从于：
（9）
其可以表示线性被控对象模型和约束。从考虑到等式（9）来求解等式（8），在线部分38可以识别针对动力系系统10的条件（例如，热条件）的设定点轨迹。然后，至少部分地基于所识别的设定点轨迹和冷却系统12、发动机14和/或动力系系统10的其它组件的当前操作条件（例如，来自传感器16的输入32和/或用于操作变量的其它值，其包括但不限于致动器的位置），控制器18的在线部分38可以考虑到所识别的设定点轨迹来优化成本函数，以确定冷却系统12和/或发动机14（和/或动力系系统10的其它组件）的致动器20、22的位置。可以将所确定的致动器20、22的位置（例如，所操纵的变量）配置成将一个或多个条件（例如，所控制的变量）的值驱动到相关联的设定点轨迹，并输出34到动力系系统10的各个致动器20、22。
图5描绘了根据本文中所公开的动力系系统10的动力系系统的热管理的例证性方法100。方法100可以包括接收102针对在动力系系统10的组件（例如，冷却系统12、发动机14或其它组件）中感测到的一个或多个变量的一个或多个值。至少部分地基于针对在动力系系统10的（一个或多个）组件中感测到的一个或多个变量的（一个或多个）接收值，可以确定104针对动力系系统10的一个或多个组件的条件（例如，温度、压力、流量或其它条件）的设定点轨迹。在一个示例中，可以至少部分地基于用于动力系系统10和/或其组件的操作的成本函数来确定针对动力系系统10的一个或多个组件的条件的设定点轨迹。一旦已知了一个或多个设定点轨迹，控制器18就可以基于在发动机14和/或动力系系统10的其它组件的操作期间接收到的输入来确定冷却系统12、发动机14和/或动力系系统10的其它组件的致动器（例如，致动器20、22或其它致动器）的最佳位置。可以将致动器的这些位置输出106为被配置成相应地调整致动器20、22的位置的控制信号。在一些情况下，可以将控制信号配置成调整致动器位置以将动力系系统10或其组件的一个或多个条件（例如，温度、压力和/或流量）的值驱动到相关联的设定点轨迹。在一些情况下，方法100可以在动力系系统10的一个或多个组件的操作期间来实时地执行，并以类似于关于图3、图4或图3和4的组合所讨论的方式来实现。
以下是上述公开的扼要重述。动力系系统可以包括发动机、冷却系统、连接到发动机和冷却系统的控制器以及一个或多个传感器。冷却系统可以被连接到发动机并且可以包括一个或多个致动器。（一个或多个）传感器可以与控制器通信，并且可以感测发动机和/或冷却系统的一个或多个变量的值。可以将控制器配置成控制冷却系统的致动器的位置，并接收在发动机的操作期间由传感器感测的变量的值。用于感测变量的接收值可以指示发动机和/或冷却系统的一个或多个条件。可以将控制器配置成进一步调整冷却系统的致动器的一个或多个位置，以将一个或多个条件的值驱动到针对发动机和/或冷却系统的相关联的条件设定点轨迹。
可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成确定与发动机和/或冷却系统的一个或多个条件相关联的条件设定点轨迹。在一些情况下，控制器可以至少部分地基于优化发动机和/或冷却系统的一组性能变量的成本函数来确定与一个或多个条件相关联的条件设定点轨迹。
另外，可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成将条件设定点轨迹中的每一个维持在预定的约束内。
另外，可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成在确定与一个或多个条件相关联的条件设定点轨迹时将致动器位置维持在预定的约束内。
另外，可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成使用成本函数和传感器输入来最小化发动机的燃料消耗和发动机的寄生损失中的一个或多个，同时将条件和发动机致动器的位置中的一个或多个维持在各自的约束内。
可以将动力系系统的控制器配置成考虑到在发动机的操作期间由一个或多个传感器感测到的用于一个或多个变量的接收值来在发动机和/或冷却系统的操作期间更新条件设定点轨迹。
在动力系系统中，所述一个或多个条件中的条件可以包括温度条件，其中所述动力系系统可以具有针对温度条件的温度条件设定点轨迹。温度条件设定点轨迹可以包括一个或多个发动机组件温度设定点轨迹。例证性地，发动机组件温度设定点轨迹可以并入发动机壳体材料温度设定点轨迹、发动机进气歧管空气温度设定点轨迹、发动机排气歧管空气温度设定点轨迹、发动机机油温度设定点轨迹和传动油温度设定点轨迹中的一个或多个。
动力系系统的控制器可以并入多变量监管控制器和两个或多个动力系组件控制器。可以将多变量监管控制器配置成确定一个或多个温度条件设定点轨迹。两个或多个动力系组件控制器中的每一个可以调整与该动力系组件控制器相关联的致动器的位置，以将温度条件的值驱动到温度条件设定点轨迹。
多变量监管控制器和动力系组件控制器可以接收用于一个或多个变量的值。用于一个或多个变量的接收值可以在发动机的操作期间由一个或多个传感器来感测。
动力系系统的控制器可以并入多变量控制器，其包括被配置成在没有来自正在操作的发动机的输入的情况下操作的离线部分以及被配置成用来自正在操作的发动机的输入进行操作的在线部分。
在动力系系统中，可以将多变量控制器的离线部分配置成将非线性成本函数转换为二次规划问题。
可以将多变量控制器的在线部分配置成确定发动机和/或冷却系统致动器位置。致动器位置可以通过考虑到发动机和/或冷却系统的当前操作条件至少部分地求解二次规划问题来确定。
可以将多变量控制器的在线部分配置成设定发动机和/或冷却系统致动器的位置。可以考虑到条件设定点轨迹以及发动机和/或冷却系统的当前操作条件来设定发动机和/或冷却系统致动器的位置。
发动机和/或冷却系统的一个或多个条件可以包括发动机和/或冷却系统中的一个或多个的压力条件、流量条件和温度条件中的一个或多个。
动力系热管理系统可以并入具有存储器、与该存储器通信的处理器和输入/输出（I/O）端口的控制器。I/O端口可以与存储器和处理器中的一个或多个通信。可以将控制器配置成经由输入/输出端口接收由监控发动机和/或连接到发动机的冷却系统的传感器感测的用于一个或多个变量的值。至少部分地基于用于一个或多个变量的接收值，控制器可以确定针对一个或多个发动机组件和/或冷却系统温度的设定点轨迹。经由输入/输出端口，控制器可以发送控制信号以调整发动机致动器和/或冷却系统致动器的位置，以至少部分地基于用于一个或多个变量的接收值来将发动机组件温度的值驱动到所确定的设定点轨迹。
动力系热管理系统的发动机组件和/或冷却系统温度可以包括发动机壳体材料温度、发动机进气歧管空气温度、发动机排气歧管空气温度、发动机机油温度以及传动油温度中的一个或多个。
动力系热管理系统的控制器可以至少部分地基于动力系成本函数来确定针对一个或多个发动机组件温度和/或冷却系统组件温度的设定点轨迹。
动力系系统的热管理的方法可以并入接收在正在操作的发动机中感测的用于一个或多个变量的值，并且至少部分地基于在正在操作的发动机中感测到的用于一个或多个变量的接收值来确定针对发动机的温度条件的设定点轨迹。另外，方法可以并入在发动机的操作期间输出控制发动机的致动器的位置和/或连接到发动机的冷却系统的致动器的位置的一个或多个控制信号。可以将控制信号配置成调整发动机和/或冷却系统的致动器的一个或多个位置，以将温度条件的值驱动到所确定的针对温度条件的设定点轨迹。
在方法中，针对发动机的温度条件的设定点轨迹可以至少部分地基于用于发动机的操作的成本函数。
在方法中，确定针对发动机的温度条件的设定点轨迹可以并入确定针对正在操作的发动机的一个或多个发动机组件的温度设定点轨迹。
在本说明书中，虽然以另一种方式或时态陈述，但是主题中的一些可能具有假定或预言性质。
虽然已经关于至少一个例证性示例描述了本系统和/或方法，但是在阅读说明书时，许多变化和修改对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。因此意图在于考虑到相关技术而尽可能宽泛地解释所附权利要求以包括所有此类变化和修改。

Claims (17)

1.一种动力系系统，其包括：
发动机；
连接到所述发动机并具有一个或多个致动器的冷却系统；
连接到所述发动机和所述冷却系统的控制器；
与所述控制器通信的一个或多个传感器，并且所述传感器被配置成感测所述发动机和/或所述冷却系统的一个或多个变量的值；以及
其中所述控制器被配置成：
控制所述冷却系统的所述一个或多个致动器的位置；
接收在所述发动机的操作期间由所述一个或多个传感器感测到的用于一个或多个变量的值，其中用于感测到的变量的至少一个接收值指示所述发动机和/或所述冷却系统的一个或多个条件；以及
调整所述冷却系统的所述致动器的一个或多个位置，以将所述一个或多个条件的值驱动到针对所述发动机和/或冷却系统的相关联的条件设定点轨迹。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成至少部分地基于优化所述发动机和/或冷却系统的一组性能变量的成本函数来确定与所述一个或多个条件相关联的条件设定点轨迹。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成将所述条件设定点轨迹中的每一个维持在预定的约束内。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成在确定与所述一个或多个条件相关联的所述条件设定点轨迹时将致动器位置维持在预定的约束内。
5.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成使用所述成本函数和传感器输入来最小化所述发动机的燃料消耗和所述发动机的寄生损失中的一个或多个，同时将所述条件和所述发动机的致动器的位置中的一个或多个维持在各自的约束内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成考虑到在所述发动机的操作期间由所述一个或多个传感器感测到的用于一个或多个变量的接收值来在所述发动机和/或冷却系统的操作期间更新所述条件设定点轨迹。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中：
所述一个或多个条件中的条件包括具有温度条件设定点轨迹的温度条件，其中所述温度条件设定点轨迹包括一个或多个发动机组件温度设定点轨迹；以及
所述发动机组件温度设定点轨迹包括以下中的一个或多个：
发动机壳体材料温度设定点轨迹；
发动机进气歧管空气温度设定点轨迹；
发动机排气歧管空气温度设定点轨迹；
发动机机油温度设定点轨迹；以及
传动油温度设定点轨迹。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中：
所述控制器包括多变量监管控制器和两个或多个动力系组件控制器；
所述多变量监管控制器被配置成确定温度条件设定点轨迹；以及
所述两个或多个动力系组件控制器中的每一个被配置成调整与所述动力系组件控制器相关联的致动器的位置，以将所述温度条件的值驱动到所述温度条件设定点轨迹。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述多变量监管控制器和所述动力系组件控制器接收在所述发动机的操作期间由所述一个或多个传感器感测的用于一个或多个变量的值。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述控制器包括多变量控制器，其包括被配置成在没有来自正在操作的发动机的输入的情况下操作的离线部分以及被配置成用来自正在操作的发动机的输入进行操作的在线部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述多变量控制器的所述离线部分被配置成将非线性成本函数转换为二次规划问题。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述多变量控制器的所述在线部分被配置成通过考虑到所述发动机和/或冷却系统的当前操作条件来至少部分地求解二次规划问题来确定所述发动机和/或冷却系统致动器的位置。
13.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中所述多变量控制器的所述在线部分被配置成考虑到条件设定点轨迹和所述发动机和/或冷却系统的当前操作条件来设定所述发动机和/或冷却系统致动器的位置。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述发动机和/或冷却系统的所述一个或多个条件包括所述发动机和/或冷却系统中的一个或多个的压力条件、流量条件和温度条件中的一个或多个。
15.一种动力系热管理系统，其包括：
控制器，其包括：
存储器；
与所述存储器通信的处理器；以及
与所述存储器和所述处理器中的一个或多个通信的输入/输出端口；以及
其中所述控制器被配置成：
经由所述输入/输出端口接收由监控发动机和/或连接到所述发动机的冷却系统的传感器感测的用于一个或多个变量的值；
至少部分地基于用于一个或多个变量的所述接收值来确定针对一个或多个发动机组件和/或冷却系统温度的设定点轨迹；以及
经由所述输入/输出端口发送控制信号以调整发动机致动器和/或冷却系统致动器的位置，以至少部分地基于用于一个或多个变量的所述接收值来将所述发动机组件温度的值驱动到所确定的设定点轨迹。
16.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述发动机组件和/或冷却系统温度包括以下中的一个或多个：
发动机壳体材料温度；
发动机进气歧管空气温度；
发动机排气歧管空气温度；
发动机机油温度；以及
传动油温度。
17.根据权利要求15所述的系统，其中所述控制器被配置成至少部分地基于动力系成本函数来确定针对一个或多个发动机组件温度和/或冷却系统组件温度的所述设定点轨迹。
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