CN102613042A - Method for increasing yield of plums - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of plums Download PDFInfo
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- CN102613042A CN102613042A CN2012100679969A CN201210067996A CN102613042A CN 102613042 A CN102613042 A CN 102613042A CN 2012100679969 A CN2012100679969 A CN 2012100679969A CN 201210067996 A CN201210067996 A CN 201210067996A CN 102613042 A CN102613042 A CN 102613042A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting plums. The method is suitable for the popularization and development of plum planting areas in south of Sichuan areas. The detailed technical scheme is provided emphatically from aspects of planting, tree pruning, soil and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like by the integrated management and cultivation of seedlings of plum trees and adult trees. The method has the advantages that 1, field planting is performed according to the standard, namely 40 to 45 plants are subjected to field planting in soil per mu by a method for purifying the plums and a method for increasing the yield, and the planting number is neither more nor less; 2, yield and efficiency are high, namely the yield of a single plant of 7-age trees reached 40 to 60 kilograms in 2011; 3, benefits can be achieved for multiple times by performing field planting once, and the tree age is 30 to 35 years; and 4, cold resistance is improved. By the technology, in a chasmogamous period, the cold resistance and a fruit-bearing rate can be ensured under the condition of low-temperature overcast and rainy weather, so the plums which are stably yielded are obtained.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of plum kind method for planting, is suitable for the regional plum planting area in south, river and promotes development.
Background technology
Plum belongs to eats fruit raw, the product that consumers in general like, because the science not of Japanese plum cultivation method in the past, the plum fruit that causes being produced is little, and diseases and insect pests resistance is poor, and ripe back is prone to soft (being difficult for storing), and shedding is serious, and output is very low.Orchard worker's enthusiasm for production is not high, and every according to statistics per mu yield is about the 300-400 kilogram, and selling price per kilogram 4-6 is first, and the per mu yield value is in 2500 yuan.How to improve the output and the output value and mouthfeel, improve orchard worker's enthusiasm for production, the conception that has for this reason germinated plum and high yield technology.
March 12 in 2005, the japanese publication people flowed fruit science and technology plantation, rice temple in the Gao County, utilized 3 mu of soils that win three groups in ballast rice village, sky to make experiment and demonstration, through scientific and normal management plantation integrated approach, got into just the really phase in 2007, because the little per mu yield record of not doing of amount.Got into the full bearing period, single plant yield 20-25 kilogram, 950 kilograms of per mu yields in 2009.Single plant yield 30-40 kilogram in 2011,1500 kilograms of per mu yields.The Japanese plum of the applicant's plantation has developed at 2010 to 2011 has 200 mu.Strain elite stand branch all was used to grow seedlings 70,000 in 2012 ten, had increased income for numerous Li Nong.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of plum high yield method to remedy the deficiency of prior art, the present invention can improve yield and output value, and can improve cold-resistant disease-resistant; Anti-storage transport capacity; Guarantee that the purpose of every year getting bumper crops, the present invention mainly are that it is crucial holding up strong, the high yield management is to ensure.
For realizing the object of the invention, the technical scheme of employing is: the plum high yield method is characterized in that:
The planting, manage of A, seedling Japanese plum:
A, plant: behind the seedling fallen leaves, select for use root system complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, and the seedling of no damage by disease and insect is planted, and the seeding row spacing of planting is 4 meters * 5 meters; Dark 80 centimetres of planting hole, length and width is one meter respectively, should be with table soil and cubsoil pile up separately when digging the cave; 20-30 kilograms of straws are inserted in every cave; (earthing is in proper order for showing soil back cubsoil earlier) applies 25-50 kilograms of farmyard manures behind the earthing, and making the planting hole bottom once more behind the earthing is 30 centimetres to showing the soil distance, puts into seedling and earthing (being advisable to cover root fully); In the cave, evenly be sprinkled into 1-3 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer then, last earthing becomes knoll and irritates sufficient normal root water to get final product.
B, the management of 1-3 years seedling phases:
A, tree-like pruning: field planting then apart from ground 40-60 centimetre cut and cut fixed doing; 1 year spring fixed do select and remain in the branch that newly sends then 3-4 to around be evenly distributed, the branch of big or small basically identical is as major branch, if branch direction, angle are unreasonable, can adopt the method correction of drawing branch; According to the suitable cutting back of the growing state of each major branch, cut off the 1/4-1/3 of total length, be beneficial to form side shoot; Prune the 3rd year spring, selects 1 angle to open a business in the branch that behind the major branch cutting back, forms respectively, and the elongated shoot of strong branch as major branch grows; Carry out cutting back; Cut off about 1/2 of full branch, in remaining branch, respectively select 1-2 the branch to outgrowth as side shoot, cutting back about 1/3; On the major branch the sprig that gives birth to below 5 centimetres stay as much as possible, cultivate into fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, the suitable cutting back of long fruit branch.Tree-like definite basically through 3 years left and right sides like this.
B, the rational application of fertilizer: the seedling phase should be grasped duty and execute the thin principle of executing, and promptly annual Japanese plum rudiment imposed under the Japanese plum tree dish with excrement clear water or natural pond liquid behind the middle of each month weeding to July; Because Japanese plum got into the fruit phase just on the 3rd year; Beginning in the 4th year is born fruit in a large number, thus after planting in the August, the 3rd-September basal dressing once, at outside wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove of excavation of tree Pan Dishuixianchu; Every strain is with 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures; Amount of application is looked tree vigo(u)r and strain output and is decided, and imposes in the ditch, and last earthing is covered.
C, one-tenth annual bearing Japanese plum administrative skill:
A, clay fertilizer management:
(a), plough deeply and improve the soil: the time is August-September, promptly after the fruit picking; Japanese plum is ploughed deeply, and in conjunction with the application of organic fertilizers material, can increase humus and other nutriment in the soil, increases soil fertility, and also reduces the harm of damage by disease and insect and weeds simultaneously.Plough deeply and excavating annular trench along the tree crown drip, width is 40-60 centimetres, and the degree of depth is advisable with 60-80 centimetres.When ploughing deeply, will show soil and cubsoil pile up separately, and apply straw, green manure, well-rotted farmyard manure layering earthing in the trench respectively, earthing is to show soil back cubsoil earlier in proper order; In addition, should protect the master root more than 1 centimetre when ploughing deeply as far as possible, otherwise can influence growth; Plough deeply and to carry out at a distance from 1-2 years, look the Japanese plum growing state and decide.
(b), intertill and clean tillage: in order to keep soil from packing together and weeds contention nutrient; In the season of growth, the 5-10 month to often combine to hoe up weeds to intertill and loosen the soil; Keep loosing soil, ventilation; Promote the health of root growth, general operational depth is 5-10 centimetre, tries not hindering bark and tree root during weeding.
(c), basal dressing: at outside wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove of excavation of tree Pan Dishuixianchu, every strain is with 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, and amount of application is looked tree vigo(u)r and strain output and decided, and imposes in the ditch, and earthing is covered at last.
(d), spraying fertilizer: topdressing is early spring fertilizer, fertile, the fruit-promoting fertilizer of steady fruit; Fertilizing method be last year at drip place, Japanese plum thing both sides, excavate wide about 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres ditch fertilising back earthing; Carried out next year alternately fertilising at drip place, both sides, north and south trench digging in 1 year.Fertilization time and consumption are following:
Spring fertilizer early: next month in February to early March, spraying fertilizer, fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram of instant nitrogenousfertilizer or 25 kilograms of night soils that become thoroughly decomposed are executed in every strain.
Steady fruit is fertile: at early April to late April spraying fertilizer, fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram in quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer is executed in every strain.
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: mid-May to early June, fertilizing amount is that 1 kilogram of the high K composite fertilizer of quick-acting is executed in every strain.
B, pruning fruit tree: selecting the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree good to elongated shoot, growth potential is stronger proceeds cutting back; The water sprout of other overstocked branch, vertical branch, interior thorax is all dredged from base portion and is removed; Descending branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects are carried out suitable retraction and cutting back,, influence tree vigo(u)r and also should suitably prune off if too many to the middle long fruit branch quantity on master, the side shoot; To the fruit bearing shoot group of 2-3 as a result, the method for cutting that adopts suitable retraction to upgrade keeps the healthy and strong fruit bearing shoot group of some; Centering brief summary fruit branch group is wanted the updated at any time rejuvenation, stays strong a little less than going.
C, flower and fruit protecting and flower and fruit thinning: flower and fruit protecting takes the florescence to put honeybee, rich water quality management, and root imposes outward, the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests, flower and fruit thinning generally adopts artificial fruit thinning, carries out behind the physiological fallen fruit the second time.
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
The use pesticide species is: the clean or Imidacloprid of aphid lice, low toxic pesticide or microorganism insecticide, matrine or mu Wang Te, 70% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim; Utilized every year when the winter, pipe was pruned, sick fruit, sick branch in the garden are concentrated and burnt, to rudiment, spray lime sulfur once, can effectively control the generation of 1 year damage by disease and insect in Japanese plum fallen leaves back.
Good effect of the present invention is: good effect of the present invention: 1, standard field planting, by purification plum and high yield method, realize every mu of soil field planting 40-45 strain, and do not lack few.2, high-yield and high-efficiency: 2011 7 ages, the single plant yield of tree reached the 40-60 kilogram.3, field planting income for many years.This technological age of tree is the 30-35 life-span.4, improve cold resistance.This technology can cold-resistant guarantor's fruit bearing rate like low temperature overcast and rainy day in the chasmogamous phase, and it is the plum kind that does not have biennial bearing so person is arranged.
Embodiment
The planting, manage of embodiment: A, seedling Japanese plum:
A, plant: behind the seedling fallen leaves, select for use root system complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, and the seedling of no damage by disease and insect is planted, and the seeding row spacing of planting is 4 meters * 5 meters; Dark 80 centimetres of planting hole, length and width is one meter respectively, should be with table soil and cubsoil pile up separately when digging the cave; 20-30 kilograms of straws are inserted in every cave; (earthing is in proper order for showing soil back cubsoil earlier) applies 25-50 kilograms of farmyard manures behind the earthing, and making the planting hole bottom once more behind the earthing is 30 centimetres to showing the soil distance, puts into seedling and earthing (being advisable to cover root fully); In the cave, evenly be sprinkled into 1-3 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer then, last earthing becomes knoll and irritates sufficient normal root water to get final product.
B, seedling phase (1-3 years) management:
A, tree-like pruning: field planting then apart from ground 40-60 centimetre cut and cut fixed doing.1 year spring fixed do select and remain in the branch that newly sends then 3-4 to around be evenly distributed, the branch of big or small basically identical is as major branch, if branch direction, angle are unreasonable, can adopt the method correction of drawing branch.According to the suitable cutting back of the growing state of each major branch, cut off the 1/4-1/3 of total length, be beneficial to form side shoot.Prune the 3rd year spring, selects 1 angle to open a business in the branch that behind the major branch cutting back, forms respectively, and the elongated shoot of strong branch as major branch grows; Carry out cutting back; Cut off about 1/2 of full branch, in remaining branch, respectively select 1-2 the branch to outgrowth as side shoot, cutting back about 1/3.On the major branch the sprig that gives birth to below 5 centimetres stay as much as possible, cultivate into fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, the suitable cutting back of long fruit branch.Tree-like definite basically through 3 years left and right sides like this.
B, the rational application of fertilizer: the seedling phase should be grasped duty and execute the thin principle of executing, and promptly annual Japanese plum rudiment imposed under the Japanese plum tree dish with excrement clear water or natural pond liquid behind the middle of each month weeding to July.Because Japanese plum got into the fruit phase just on the 3rd year; Beginning in the 4th year is born fruit in a large number; So after planting in the August, the 3rd-September basal dressing once; At outside wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove of excavation of tree Pan Dishuixianchu, every strain imposes in the ditch with 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures (amount of application look tree vigo(u)r and strain output and decide), and earthing is covered at last.
C, one-tenth annual bearing Japanese plum administrative skill:
A, clay fertilizer management:
(a), plough deeply and improve the soil: the time is August-September, promptly after the fruit picking.Japanese plum is ploughed deeply, and in conjunction with the application of organic fertilizers material, can increase humus and other nutriment in the soil, increases soil fertility, and also reduces the harm of damage by disease and insect and weeds simultaneously.Plough deeply and excavating annular trench along the tree crown drip, width is 40-60 centimetres, and the degree of depth is advisable with 60-80 centimetres.When ploughing deeply, will show soil and cubsoil pile up separately, and apply straw, green manure, well-rotted farmyard manure layering earthing in the trench respectively, earthing is to show soil back cubsoil earlier in proper order.In addition, should protect the master root more than 1 centimetre when ploughing deeply as far as possible, otherwise can influence growth.Plough deeply and to carry out at a distance from 1-2 years (look the Japanese plum growing state and decide).
(b), intertill and clean tillage: in order to keep soil from packing together and weeds contention nutrient; In the season of growth, the 5-10 month to often combine to hoe up weeds to intertill and loosen the soil; Keep loosing soil, ventilation; Promote the health of root growth, general operational depth is 5-10 centimetre, tries not hindering bark and tree root during weeding.
(c), basal dressing: after fertilization time was annual fruit picking, at this moment Japanese plum exhausted a large amount of nutrients through yielding positive results; It is again the root growth peak; The healing easily of being completely cured is grown, and fertilizer rots, the resolving time is abundant, can in time absorb for fruit tree; Help organotrophic manufacturing storage, this is to satisfying fruit tree rudiment in the coming year, bloom, bear fruit and growing significant; At outside wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove of excavation of tree Pan Dishuixianchu, every strain imposes in the ditch with 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures (amount of application look tree vigo(u)r and strain output and decide), and earthing is covered at last.
(d), spraying fertilizer: topdressing mainly is early spring fertilizer, fertile, the fruit-promoting fertilizer of steady fruit.Fertilizing method be last year at drip place, Japanese plum thing both sides, excavate wide about 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres ditch fertilising back earthing.Carried out next year alternately fertilising at drip place, both sides, north and south trench digging in 1 year.Fertilization time and consumption are following:
Spring fertilizer early: at next month in February to early March (preceding 15 days of rudiment) spraying fertilizer, can improve young sprout and take out and send out and the quality of flower is beneficial to again and improves steady flower rate, fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram of instant nitrogenousfertilizer or 25 kilograms of night soils that become thoroughly decomposed are executed in every strain.
Steady fruit is fertile: at early April to late April (young fruit period) spraying fertilizer, young fruit, young sprout get into summit of growth simultaneously at a time when this, for avoiding striving mutually fertilizer; Should in time impose quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer; To reduce physiological fallen fruit, improve fruit-setting rate, promote young fruit, young sprout to grow simultaneously.Fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram in quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer is executed in every strain.
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: mid-May to early June (young fruit expands rapidly and flower bud differentiation period), behind physiological fallen fruit, get into quick-acting expanding stages to fruit, impose the high K composite fertilizer of quick-acting; Can improve photosynthetic usefulness greatly; Promote tree body Nutrient Accumulation, both be beneficial to fruit and expanded, be beneficial to flower bud differentiation again.Fertilizing amount is that about one kilogram of the high K composite fertilizer of quick-acting is executed in every strain.(annotate: general treelet Wang Shu result is few, and what soil fertility was high wants Shaoshi fertile, the weak tree of big tree, and result quantities is many, mountain region, the barren beach of fertility difference will apply fertilizer more).
B, pruning fruit tree: Japanese plum progressively gets into the full bearing period after becoming annual bearing, and because of the increase of result quantities, the shoot growth amount reduces gradually.Selecting the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree good to elongated shoot, growth potential is stronger proceeds cutting back.The water sprout of other overstocked branch, vertical branch, interior thorax is all dredged from base portion and is removed.Descending branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects are carried out suitable retraction and cutting back,, influence tree vigo(u)r and also should suitably prune off if too many to the middle long fruit branch quantity on master, the side shoot.To the fruit bearing shoot group of 2-3 as a result, the method for cutting that adopts suitable retraction to upgrade keeps the healthy and strong fruit bearing shoot group of some.Centering brief summary fruit branch group is wanted the updated at any time rejuvenation, stays strong a little less than going.C, flower and fruit protecting and flower and fruit thinning: flower and fruit protecting takes the florescence to put honeybee, rich water quality management, and root imposes outward, the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Flower and fruit thinning generally adopts artificial fruit thinning, carries out behind the physiological fallen fruit the second time.
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Incident damage by disease and insect mainly contains in the Japanese plum growth of area, the city, outcome procedure: aphid, heart-eating worm, scale insect, anthracnose.
Aphid: aphid main harm Japanese plum young sprout blade.Young sprout is killed when serious, undergrowth; Influence photosynthesis when blade is killed and be curling shape, then lose function when serious, so that come off, influence output of the fruit tree and bud and form, and weaken tree vigo(u)r greatly.Prevent and treat method: combine early spring to prune, cut off killed branch, concentrate and destroy; Tree body laxative can spray the clean or Imidacloprid of aphid lice at the initial stage of causing harm.
Heart-eating worm: the plum heart-eating worm is a Lepidoptera Olethreutidae insect, is the serious pest of harm plum fruit, and usually rate of damage reaches 80% one 90%.Flow out teardrop shape pectin at the worm channel place, killed fruit can not continue to grow, and becomes aubergine gradually and comes off.Prevent and treat method: spray insecticide for adult Sheng phase and spawning period at each.When fallen flowers latter stage (95% fallen flowers) fruitlet has the wheat size, spray medicine the 1st time, whenever at a distance from 10-15 sprays 1 time.Agricultural chemicals selects for use low toxic pesticide or the microorganism insecticide (can be) more than 2 kinds or 2 kinds to rotate sprinkling, in order to avoid insect pest produces resistance.Scale insect: the scale insect of harm Japanese plum is caused harm the heaviest with white peach scale, assembles to be fixed on nymph and sucks juice on the limb and be canescence, back density takes place increase gradually, looks far into the distance limb and is canescence, and after limb was killed, the lighter's growth weakened, and weight person is withered.Prevent and treat method: at insect hatching initial stage (4-May) in first and second, spray medicine the 1st time, every 1 medicine that at a distance from about 10 days, sprays generally sprays and gets final product for 2-3 times in generation.Agricultural chemicals is selected matrine or mu Wang Te for use.
Anthracnose: the anthracnose fruit of mainly causing harm, also can cause harm young sprout and blade.When young fruit is injured, occur water stain shape brown scab earlier, progressively enlarge rounded or oval bronzing scab, scab place significant depressions.The duration that has a humid climate goes out peach point, and the fructescence, the most tangible symptom was that scab is the concentric annular shrinkage.After branch is injured, produce the oblong scab of brown brown depression, the surface also grows pink point, and branch is crooked on one side, the sagging vertical tubular that is rolled into of blade.The blade morbidity produces circular or irregular shape scab, has pink point to grow.Withered the coming off of last scab forms perforation.Prevent and treat method: thiophanate methyl or carbendazim with 70% after Japanese plum is bloomed rudiment whenever sprayed 1 time at a distance from 10-15 days, sprayed to get final product for 3-4 times.
Utilized every year when the winter, pipe was pruned, sick fruit, sick branch in the garden are concentrated and burnt, to rudiment, spray lime sulfur once, can effectively control the generation of 1 year damage by disease and insect in Japanese plum fallen leaves back.
More than the concrete method for using of each pesticide species, get final product according to its operation instructions operation.
Claims (1)
1. plum high yield method is characterized in that:
The planting, manage of A, seedling Japanese plum:
A, plant: behind the seedling fallen leaves, select for use root system complete, healthy and strong, bud matter is full, and the seedling of no damage by disease and insect is planted, and the seeding row spacing of planting is 4 meters * 5 meters; Dark 80 centimetres of planting hole, length and width is one meter respectively, should be with table soil and cubsoil pile up separately when digging the cave; 20-30 kilograms of straws are inserted in every cave; (earthing is in proper order for showing soil back cubsoil earlier) applies 25-50 kilograms of farmyard manures behind the earthing, and making the planting hole bottom once more behind the earthing is 30 centimetres to showing the soil distance, puts into seedling and earthing (being advisable to cover root fully); In the cave, evenly be sprinkled into 1-3 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer then, last earthing becomes knoll and irritates sufficient normal root water to get final product;
B, the management of 1-3 years seedling phases:
A, tree-like pruning: field planting then apart from ground 40-60 centimetre cut and cut fixed doing; 1 year spring fixed do select and remain in the branch that newly sends then 3-4 to around be evenly distributed, the branch of big or small basically identical is as major branch, if branch direction, angle are unreasonable, can adopt the method correction of drawing branch; According to the suitable cutting back of the growing state of each major branch, cut off the 1/4-1/3 of total length, be beneficial to form side shoot; Prune the 3rd year spring, selects 1 angle to open a business in the branch that behind the major branch cutting back, forms respectively, and the elongated shoot of strong branch as major branch grows; Carry out cutting back; Cut off about 1/2 of full branch, in remaining branch, respectively select 1-2 the branch to outgrowth as side shoot, cutting back about 1/3; On the major branch the sprig that gives birth to below 5 centimetres stay as much as possible, cultivate into fruit spur or bouquet shape fruit branch, in, the suitable cutting back of long fruit branch; Tree-like definite basically through 3 years left and right sides like this;
B, the rational application of fertilizer: the seedling phase should be grasped duty and execute the thin principle of executing, and promptly annual Japanese plum rudiment imposed under the Japanese plum tree dish with excrement clear water or natural pond liquid behind the middle of each month weeding to July; Because Japanese plum got into the fruit phase just on the 3rd year; Beginning in the 4th year is born fruit in a large number; So after planting in the August, the 3rd-September basal dressing once; Outwards excavate wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove at tree Pan Dishuixianchu; 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures of every strain; Amount of application is looked tree vigo(u)r and strain output and is decided, and imposes in the ditch, and last earthing is covered;
C, one-tenth annual bearing Japanese plum administrative skill:
A, clay fertilizer management:
(a), plough deeply and improve the soil: the time is August-September, promptly after the fruit picking; Japanese plum is ploughed deeply, and in conjunction with the application of organic fertilizers material, can increase humus and other nutriment in the soil, increases soil fertility, and also reduces the harm of damage by disease and insect and weeds simultaneously; Plough deeply and excavating annular trench along the tree crown drip, width is 40-60 centimetres, and the degree of depth is advisable with 60-80 centimetres; When ploughing deeply, will show soil and cubsoil pile up separately, and apply straw, green manure, well-rotted farmyard manure layering earthing in the trench respectively, earthing is to show soil back cubsoil earlier in proper order; In addition, should protect the master root more than 1 centimetre when ploughing deeply as far as possible, otherwise can influence growth; Plough deeply and to carry out at a distance from 1-2 years, look the Japanese plum growing state and decide;
(b), intertill and clean tillage: in order to keep soil from packing together and weeds contention nutrient; In the season of growth, the 5-10 month to often combine to hoe up weeds to intertill and loosen the soil; Keep loosing soil, ventilation; Promote the health of root growth, general operational depth is 5-10 centimetre, tries not hindering bark and tree root during weeding;
(c), basal dressing: at outside wide 40-50 centimetres, dark 30-40 centimetres annular groove of excavation of tree Pan Dishuixianchu, every strain is with 40-80 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, and amount of application is looked tree vigo(u)r and strain output and decided, and imposes in the ditch, and earthing is covered at last;
(d), spraying fertilizer: topdressing is early spring fertilizer, fertile, the fruit-promoting fertilizer of steady fruit; Fertilizing method be last year at drip place, Japanese plum thing both sides, excavate wide about 20 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres ditch fertilising back earthing; Carried out next year alternately fertilising at drip place, both sides, north and south trench digging in 1 year; Fertilization time and consumption are following:
Spring fertilizer early: next month in February to early March, spraying fertilizer, fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram of instant nitrogenousfertilizer or 25 kilograms of night soils that become thoroughly decomposed are executed in every strain;
Steady fruit is fertile: at early April to late April spraying fertilizer, fertilizing amount is that 0.5-1 kilogram in quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer is executed in every strain;
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: mid-May to early June, fertilizing amount is that 1 kilogram of the high K composite fertilizer of quick-acting is executed in every strain;
B, pruning fruit tree: selecting the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree good to elongated shoot, growth potential is stronger proceeds cutting back; The water sprout of other overstocked branch, vertical branch, interior thorax is all dredged from base portion and is removed; Descending branch, overlapping branch, the branch that intersects are carried out suitable retraction and cutting back,, influence tree vigo(u)r and also should suitably prune off if too many to the middle long fruit branch quantity on master, the side shoot; To the fruit bearing shoot group of 2-3 as a result, the method for cutting that adopts suitable retraction to upgrade keeps the healthy and strong fruit bearing shoot group of some; Centering brief summary fruit branch group is wanted the updated at any time rejuvenation, stays strong a little less than going;
C, flower and fruit protecting and flower and fruit thinning: flower and fruit protecting takes the florescence to put honeybee, rich water quality management, and root imposes outward, the method for prevention and elimination of disease and pests, flower and fruit thinning generally adopts artificial fruit thinning, carries out behind the physiological fallen fruit the second time;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
The use pesticide species is: the clean or Imidacloprid of aphid lice, low toxic pesticide or microorganism insecticide, matrine or mu Wang Te, 70% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim; Utilized every year when the winter, pipe was pruned, sick fruit, sick branch in the garden are concentrated and burnt, to rudiment, spray lime sulfur once, can effectively control the generation of 1 year damage by disease and insect in Japanese plum fallen leaves back.
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