CN103766126A - Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse - Google Patents

Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse Download PDF

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CN103766126A
CN103766126A CN201410052225.1A CN201410052225A CN103766126A CN 103766126 A CN103766126 A CN 103766126A CN 201410052225 A CN201410052225 A CN 201410052225A CN 103766126 A CN103766126 A CN 103766126A
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cuttings
seedling
seedbed
tea tree
nursery
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CN103766126B (en
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谭书德
杨方福
张金利
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LIXIANG TEA Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in a numerically-controlled greenhouse. The method comprises the following steps: cutting annual shoots of a tea tree as cuttings; placing bunched cuttings into an electrical field of the greenhouse; soaking 1-2cm parts of bases of the cuttings for 25-35 minutes by using a rooting agent, comprising 20 mg/ L of cytokinin 6-BA and 20 mg / L of naphthylacetate NAA; healing and rooting in the numerically-controlled greenhouse: with expanded perlite powder as seedbed matrix, inserting the cuttings into a seedbed, sterilizing the cuttings with electrical functional water, spraying the cuttings in a self-controlled way, culturing and transplanting the cuttings to an open nursery, digging drainage ditches around the nursery, furrowing in the north-south direction, transplanting a single seedling in a single row in the direction reverse to the furrow direction of the seedbed, coating root neck parts of the cuttings with 0.2% KMnO4 before planting, keeping soil moist, promoting sprouting with 0.2% KMnO4 after planting, mixing and spraying 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea, spreading onto the soil surface, watering after applying, topdressing biogas slurry after one month, shading in summer, and removing a shading net in late July.

Description

One is educated tea seedling fast with numerical control temperature canopy
Technical field
the invention belongs to the asexual multiplication seedling technology in tea tree planting, relate in particular to one numerical control temperature canopy and educate fast tea seedling, adopt tea tree spray to accelerate the garden time at numerical control temperature canopy healing acceleration to improve cuttings healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent.
background technology
single node cutting is the conventional method that current tea tree asexual grow seedling adopts.Select long raw red stalk then or the half red stalk brachyplast (fringe) with 1 axillalry bud and 1 leaf of 2.5 ㎝~3 ㎝ to do cutting, employing acid yellow soil cubsoil do seedbed open country cuttage shelter from heat or light (sunshade net or stalk etc. shelter from heat or light) grow seedlings.This defect because of conventional method is subject to the impact of the environment such as large quantities of cuttings cultivations, open country temperature, time is long, take female cutting of planting, micro-territory environment is uncontrollable, and planting percent is low, seedling matter is poor, the benefit of growing seedlings is low, for pursuing maternal plant garden spring tea economic benefit, generally stays foster branch in 5~July, cuttage in 7~August, 10 parts of next year go out transplantation of seedlings later.Its advantage is low to facility condition requirement, easy, easily capable, and cost is low, and the tea tree breed that is applicable to most of cuttage and seedling culture better performances is grown seedlings; Its shortcoming, the one, it is longer that cuttings is cultivated the time, need to stay to support and within 2 months, cultivate ripe branch clip cuttings.The 2nd, micro-territory environment of the healing and taking root after cuttage is uncontrollable, main dependence high density cuttage (general every mu of nursery cuttage cuttings is more than 180,000) is to obtain higher mu output of seedling (ten thousand plants/acre of 10-12), planting percent low (60% left and right), can only select lignified red stalk and half red stalk branch as cuttings, fringe bar wastage is large.The 3rd, seedbed nursery stock that survival rate is high is crowded, nursery stock is very thin, although the low strong seedling of seedbed seedling of survival rate is irregular, irregular; The 4th, growing-seedling period is longer, from staying foster cuttings to reach more than 18 months to going out transplantation of seedlings.The 5th, the micro-territory of healing and taking root condition is poor, and the nursery effect of the tea tree breed to minority cuttage and seedling culture poor-performing is poor, and therefore tea grower, in order to pursue the benefit of growing seedlings preferably, seldom breeds the special new varieties excellent but cuttage and seedling culture difficulty of indivedual qualities.Such as, tealeaves research institute of Guizhou Province last century early eighties just from the good colony of national tea tree kind " Meitan tongue tea ", select " Guizhou Province river bank 101 " clonal plant, but because tongue of this strain is strengthened, according to single node cutting open country seedling-cultivating method cultivate and the cuttings selected thick, ripe, clip wound area is large, the ratio of phloem/xylem is little, the healing rate of cuttings, rooting rate and planting percent are very low, the deficiency in economic performance of growing seedlings, so just seldom breed, only hundreds of mu of area under cultivation so far, seriously limit the Multiplication and extension of the special quality product kind of this high chestunt flavour.
in order to improve the nursery effect of the poor tea tree breed of some cutting survivals, in tea tree single-node cutting seed-raising technical foundation, nationality helps modern installations agricultural infrastructure, selects tea tree spray (comprising red stalk branch, half red stalk and green stalk spray) as cuttings, cuttings to be urged to root immersion treatment.By use technical measures such as providing medium of seedling bed, Electricity Functional Water disinfection, the nutrition of natural pond liquid filtration atomization supply cuttings, the micro-territory of intelligent atomizing control environment for oneself in numerical control temperature canopy, promote that cuttings heals to improve root survival, select to prepare with seedbed in the strict nursery of open country, note seedling transplanting method and method, shelter from heat or light, before germinateing, promote to promote the cultivation technique measures such as growth to improve planting percent strong sprout to cultivate after rudiment, germination, the special excellent new tea kind of fast breeding, promotes its industrialization development.
Summary of the invention
the object of this invention is to provide one numerical control temperature canopy and educate fast tea seedling, adopt tea tree spray at numerical control temperature canopy healing acceleration with raising cuttings healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, by tea tree single-node cutting seed-raising technology and modern installations seedling growing process in conjunction with application, can effectively promote the short fringe quickly-healing of tea tree to take root, improve healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, cultivate strong sprout, with targets such as realizing the progress of promotion tea tree seedling growing process, accelerate that special excellent tea tree breed is bred.
for achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
(1) cuttings collection and processing
1. the collection of tea cutting cuttings and clip: gather the maternal tea tree of high-quality raw without damage by disease and insect shoot then, the short fringe of green stalk (spray) of the red stalk of the long lignification of clip 2.5-3 ㎝, half red stalk and semi-lignified, guaranteeing has 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf on each short fringe, pricks 1 by every 50.
2. short root soaks: the cuttings of tying up is placed in to warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, use 100 mg/L to urge root complex preparation (the wherein 20 mg/L basic elements of cell division (6-BA), 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA), the part 25-35 minute of immersion cuttings base portion 1-2 cm.
(2) numerical control temperature canopy healing and taking root: use fine perlite powder as numerical control temperature canopy medium of seedling bed, uniform spreading is located at seedbed, laying depth 10 cm.Cuttings after treatment is inserted to seedbed.Adopt Electricity Functional Water disinfection, computer control spraying and nutrition supply, promote cutting healing and taking root, transplants outdoor bed after cultivating 40-50 days in numerical control temperature canopy.In cultivation process, use the micro-territory of intelligent atomizing control environment, to maintain the balance of cutting water metabolism, and regulate temp. and humidity in canopy.Can use on a small quantity natural pond liquid to filter atomizing and supply with nutrient.
(3) transplant and strong seedling cultivation outdoor bed
1. outdoor bed is transplanted and is promoted rudiment: select the good acid soil of soil fertility as open country nursery.Before transplanting, plough smooth nursery, surrounding excavation drain ditch, seedbed is done in bedding, and the wide 1-1.2 m of furrow, high 20 cm stay between furrow that 30 cm are wide doubles as drain ditch as passageway, and furrow are north-south.Temperature canopy seedling row cultivation mode is that contrary seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, and spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm, use 0.2% KMnO before transplanting 4 smear the cutting collar portion of taking root (not yet removing of healing and taking root), promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing hand is real, covers flatly with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelters from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantees not direct projection of sunlight seedbed.Before germinateing, keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), then carry out 0.2%KMnO 4 short sprouting processed 1 time, and in conjunction with mixing urea 1-2 time that sprays 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%, promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment.
2. strong seedling cultivation: monthly impose urea after germination and improve planting percent strong sprout to cultivate 1 time, soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0 g/ m 2 , after executing, water sufficient water.Also can monthly impose natural pond liquid filtered fluid 1-2 time, dilute with water waters to be executed, and carries out together with watering.Row's cultivation in summer nursery is used sunshade net to shelter from heat or light 1-2 month, and late July can be removed sunshade net, strengthens pest management; Winter, row planted, and needed to shelter from heat or light with sunshade net before rudiment, after sprout growth, can cultivate by open country, kept ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally).
adopt the beneficial effect of the technical program: because utilizing green stalk cuttings, tea tree cutting availability improves 30%; Because of micro-territory enhancement of environment of healing and taking root, cuttings clip healing rate reaches more than 90%, rooting rate reaches 85%, many 3-5 of fibrous root root; Transplant the seedling of having taken root because of open country, can reach planting percent more than 75%, and seedling is neat, seedling is even, seedling is strong.Healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent improve more than 20% than open country single node cutting.Half red stalk and the green stalk cuttings ahead of time seedling-cultivating of semi-lignified that adopts spring tea to cultivate, through the growth in two seasons of autumn in summer, height of seedling can reach more than 25 ㎝, leading thread can reach 6 ㎜, can go out then transplantation of seedlings, and the growing-seedling period shortest time is 8 months, breeds efficiency and significantly improves.Xia Qiu grows seedlings and goes out transplantation of seedlings in winter in next year, can cultivate that height of seedling 30 ㎝ are above, 8 ㎜ above strong sprouts of leading thread.This method, for growing seedlings as the tea tree breed (being) of cutting propagation poor-performings such as " Guizhou Province river banks 101 ", can significantly improve its healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, promotes its industrialization development; Grow seedlings for the maternal also little new lines of strain, can reach the effect adding for breeding; Tea tree breed for cuttage better performances is grown seedlings, and can breed strong sprout and transplant.
Embodiment
one of the present invention is educated tea seedling fast with numerical control temperature canopy, and its embodiment is as following examples
embodiment 1: Guizhou Province river bank numerical control in 101 summer temperature canopy spray is bred strong sprout in batches
(1) condition is prepared
1. numerical control temperature canopy: build numerical control booths (warm canopy) more than 2000 ㎡.Numerical control booth divides fast numerous workshop, aerial fog cultivation workshop and auxiliary facility, has row plastic linked greenhouse and Computer Intelligent Control System.The systems such as fast numerous workshop Based Intelligent Control configuration expert, magnetic field, atomizing, electric field, light filling, nutrition supply, magnetized drinking water, carbon-dioxide generator, water delivery, seedbed, mineral nutrition supplement; The systems such as aerosol workshop Based Intelligent Control configuration expert, atomizing, carbon-dioxide generator, light filling, magnetized drinking water, nutrition supply, Electricity Functional Water generator, water delivery, cultivation bed, mineral nutrition supplement.Breed scale for expanding, the multiple field of layer 2-3 can be built in seedbed.
2. open country nursery: select soil to be acid fertile rice field and drain water, before the winter, spread fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up or planting vegetable, green manure etc. stand-by as nursery.Plough smooth nursery before transplanting May, surrounding excavation drain ditch, and seedbed is done in bedding, and the wide 1-1.2 m of furrow, high 20 cm stay between furrow that 30 cm are wide doubles as drain ditch as passageway, and furrow are north-south.Wait for the seedling of transplantation rooting.
2. cuttings is cultivated: select the high Guizhou Province river bank 101 production tea places of varietal purity, adopted most spring tea to improve the economic benefit in tea place before mid-May.Before adopting most spring tea, heavy dressing, with topdressing, is stayed and is supported healthy and strong young sprout with clip cuttings as maternal plant garden.
(2) cuttings collection and processing: mid or late June, treat that maternal plant garden stays foster young sprout base portion to have 3-5 internode to be half red stalk and gets final product clip cuttings.The half red stalk that clip 2.5-3 ㎝ is long and the short fringe of green stalk of semi-lignified, guaranteeing has 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf on each short fringe, ties by every 50 1.The cuttings of tying up is placed in to warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, uses the short root complex preparation of 100 mg/L to soak the part 25-35 minute of cuttings base portion 1-2 cm.Then in numerical control Wen Peng seedbed, cultivate 40-50 days, carry out the micro-territory management of warm canopy according to this method, check healing and the situation of taking root of cuttings, have more than 85% cuttage rooting can transplant open country nursery.
(3) warm canopy seedling open country is transplanted, before the winter, management can be transplanted warm canopy seedling (autumn, row planted) with strong seedling cultivation 7 the end of month, and row's cultivation mode is that contrary seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm.Before transplanting, abandon the cuttings of not yet taking root, to warm canopy seedling 0.2% KMnO of having taken root 4 smear its collar portion, promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing hand is real, covers flatly with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelters from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantees not direct projection of sunlight seedbed.Before germinateing, keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally), then carry out 0.2%KMnO 4 short sprouting processed 1 time, and in conjunction with mixing urea 1-2 time that sprays 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%, promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment.Early or mid August can rudiment, at the beginning of 9 months, can throw off sunshade net, monthly imposes urea 1 time to improve planting percent, and soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0 g/ m 2 , after executing, water sufficient water, keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally).
the nursery stock that first round mid or late June breeds, stop to growth at 10 the end of month, can reach height of seedling 20 ㎝, more than leading thread 0.6 ㎝, can after young sprout is aging, transplant tea place in spring in next year, also can cultivate again and transplant tea place to winter in 1 year in next year, can obtain 1 ㎝ above strong sprout of height of seedling 30 ㎝, leading thread.After July, still can continue to breed 1-2 wheel, to improve the efficiency of breeding of numerical control temperature canopy.The seedling of breeding after July must be cultivated 1 year to winter and transplant later in next year, can reach standard in strong sprout.Transplant the warm canopy seedling in open country nursery October, must treat that next year, germinating growth just can be thrown off sunshade net.
embodiment 2: new seed selection new tea strain numerical control temperature canopy spray adds for breeding
(1) condition is prepared
1. numerical control temperature canopy: with embodiment 1.
2. open country nursery: with embodiment 1.
3. cuttings is cultivated: directly adopt the spring tip that new seed selection strain individual plant tea tree sprouts to cultivate cutting,
can clip cuttings in the time that 3-5 internode of spring tip base portion is half red stalk of semi-lignified and green stalk.
(2) cuttings collection and processing: late April can be implemented the first round and be cut fringe and grow seedlings.Other are with embodiment 1.
(3) the little transplantation of seedlings of warm canopy, management and the little transplantation of seedlings of strong seedling cultivation temperature canopy, management are identical with embodiment 1 with strong seedling cultivation.
adopt this method within 1 year, can breed 3-4 wheel for the new tea strain of new seed selection, wherein the one or two take turns the nursery stock breeding and can transplant then tea place in winter or spring in next year, the nursery stock that the 3rd four-wheel is bred must be cultivated and transplant afterwards for 1 year in next year, can reach standard in strong sprout.It is added for breeding, accelerate to promote significant.

Claims (1)

1. one is educated tea seedling fast with numerical control temperature canopy, it is characterized in that: the maternal tea tree of (1), clip is raw then makes cuttage cuttings without damage by disease and insect shoot, the green stalk of the red stalk of the long lignification of clip 2.5-3 ㎝, half red stalk and semi-lignified is the short fringe of spray, on each short fringe, will have 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf, racemosus is tied up one;
(2), growth-promoting root soaks: the cuttings of tying up is placed in to warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, uses short root complex preparation, wherein the 20 mg/L basic elements of cell division are that 6-BA, 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate are NAA, soak the part 25-35 minute of cuttings base portion 1-2 cm;
(3), healing and taking root in numerical control temperature canopy: (3.1), use fine perlite powder are as numerical control temperature canopy medium of seedling bed, uniform spreading is located at seedbed, laying depth 10 cm, cuttings after treatment is inserted to seedbed, (3.2), use Electricity Functional Water disinfection, computer controlled automatic spraying and nutrition supply, promote cutting healing and taking root, transplants outdoor bed after cultivating 40-50 days in numerical control temperature canopy; In cultivation process, use the micro-territory of intelligent atomizing control environment, to maintain the balance of cutting water metabolism, and regulate temp. and humidity in canopy, use a small amount of natural pond liquid to filter atomizing and supply with nutrient;
(4), outdoor bed is transplanted and is promoted rudiment: select the good acid soil of soil fertility as open country nursery, before transplanting, plough smooth nursery, surrounding excavation drain ditch, seedbed is done in bedding, and the wide 1-1.2 m of furrow, high 20 cm stay between furrow that 30 cm are wide doubles as drain ditch as passageway, furrow are north-south, temperature canopy seedling row cultivation mode is that contrary seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, and spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm, use 0.2% KMnO before transplanting 4 smear the cutting collar portion of taking root, promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing hand is real, covers flatly with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelters from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantees not direct projection of sunlight seedbed, keeps ground moistening not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, then carry out 0.2%KMnO before germinateing 4 short sprouting processed 1 time, and in conjunction with mixing urea 1-2 time that sprays 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%, promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment;
(4.1), strong seedling cultivation: monthly impose urea after germination and improve planting percent strong sprout to cultivate 1 time, soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0 g/ m 2 , after executing, water sufficient water, monthly impose natural pond liquid filtered fluid 1-2 time, dilute with water waters to be executed, and carries out together with watering, and row's cultivation in summer nursery is used sunshade net to shelter from heat or light 1-2 month, and late July can be removed sunshade net, strengthens pest management; Winter, row planted, and needed to shelter from heat or light with sunshade net before rudiment, after sprout growth, can cultivate by open country, kept ground moistening not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Tea tree cutting availability improves 30%; Cuttings clip healing rate reaches more than 90%, rooting rate reaches 85%, and fibrous root planting percent is more than 75%, and seedling is neat, seedling is even, seedling is strong; Cycle shortens to 8 months, breeds efficiency and significantly improves.
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CN104012288A (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-03 湖南农业大学 Cutting propagation method for tea tree old branches
CN104904486A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-16 黄红林 Cuttage method with high survival rate
CN105165354A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-23 广西百润源农业有限公司 High-quality dark green tea high-yield planting method
CN105191630A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-30 广西百润源农业有限公司 High-yield planting method for pollution-free jasminum sambac
CN105265135A (en) * 2014-10-18 2016-01-27 颍上县永祥旱粮研究所 Shu cha zao cultivation plantation method
CN105613236A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-06-01 吕福贵 Method for planting ardisia japonica
CN106561375A (en) * 2016-10-29 2017-04-19 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 Peach tree cuttage seedling-raising method
CN109042004A (en) * 2018-07-30 2018-12-21 霍山茗源茶树良种开发有限公司 A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method improving high and cold mountain area tealeaves nutritional quality
CN111165353A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-19 安徽省金寨县金龙玉珠茶业有限公司 Tissue culture method for clonal tea seedlings

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104012288A (en) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-03 湖南农业大学 Cutting propagation method for tea tree old branches
CN104012288B (en) * 2014-06-24 2015-01-28 湖南农业大学 Cutting propagation method for tea tree old branches
CN105265135A (en) * 2014-10-18 2016-01-27 颍上县永祥旱粮研究所 Shu cha zao cultivation plantation method
CN104904486A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-16 黄红林 Cuttage method with high survival rate
CN105165354A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-23 广西百润源农业有限公司 High-quality dark green tea high-yield planting method
CN105191630A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-30 广西百润源农业有限公司 High-yield planting method for pollution-free jasminum sambac
CN105613236A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-06-01 吕福贵 Method for planting ardisia japonica
CN106561375A (en) * 2016-10-29 2017-04-19 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 Peach tree cuttage seedling-raising method
CN109042004A (en) * 2018-07-30 2018-12-21 霍山茗源茶树良种开发有限公司 A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method improving high and cold mountain area tealeaves nutritional quality
CN111165353A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-19 安徽省金寨县金龙玉珠茶业有限公司 Tissue culture method for clonal tea seedlings

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