CN1274522A - Rapid high-yield seedling culture method for tea trees - Google Patents
Rapid high-yield seedling culture method for tea trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid high-yield seedling raising method for tea trees, and relates to the technical field of tea tree cuttage. The method comprises the steps of adopting Sichuan tea spikes as mother spikes, and obtaining seedlings of famous mountain morning (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131) for planting the tea trees in the field through spike culture, seedbed arrangement, short spike shearing and processing, short spike cutting, shading coverage and seedling management system cultivation measures. Has the advantages of fast seedling raising, high quality, high yield, high economic benefit and high social effect.
Description
The present invention is a kind of fast tea seedling growing method, and it relates to the tea tree vegetative propagation technique, particularly the cuttage technique field.
In the prior art, " the Fujian tealeaves " that tealeaves association in Fujian Province's publishes 1998, the 2nd phase, the 35th page discloses " famous-brand and high-quality fast seedling growing technology ", but which kind of tea tree of undeclared usefulness is grown seedlings and best seedling-cultivating method and best implementation result.
The objective of the invention is to provide for fear of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part a kind of fast, the tea tree seedling-cultivating method of high-quality, highly efficient and productive benefit.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
Adopt Sichuan-tea spike to do female fringe cuttage, by the cultivation of fringe bar, seedbed arrangement, short fringe clip and processing, single node cutting, the covering of shading, the cultural operations of seedling management system, obtain tea tree plantation seedling famous mountain, land for growing field crops early (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131), it is specifically cultivated operating procedure and is:
A, fringe bar cultivate: select irrigation condition good, maternal plant garden or newly-built maternal plant garden are made in the tea place of back of the body north orientation sun, are that 5: 3: 1 ratio is used chemical fertilizer in N: P: K, promptly press 667m
2Apply urea 100-150kg, superphosphate 120-180kg, potassium sulphate 20-30kg or organic rapeseed cake fertilizer 200kg at every turn and make base fertilizer annual the branch 3-4 time, to cultivate output height, the long strong bar of fringe bar.Add the female fringe of great river tea and sprout density, 667m
2Can plant 6500 strains, to improve female fringe output.Want duty to execute thin spraying fertilizer, at 667m
2On the area, can execute concentration at every turn and be 0.5% composite chemical fertilizer 20kg (each 10kg of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate), once every fertilising in 15-20 days.To in time water to tea place especially dry season, keep tea garden soil moistening.To the damage by disease and insect in nursery, tea place, select for use low toxicity efficiently agricultural chemicals prevent and treat.The pinching of will pinching of fringe bar to quicken half materialization of fringe bar, was improved its growing ability of taking root in 5-7 before adopting fringe days.
The arrangement of b, seedbed: the seedbed selects that the soil is porous, Li Shui ventilative for use, aseptic acidity or subacidity soil.Shone native 2-3 days before the cuttage, utilize UV sunlight disinfecting soil.Use N.P.K full price chemical fertilizer, press 667m
2Execute urea 8.46kg, superphosphate 13.7kg, potassium sulphate 1.56kg and rapeseed cake fertilizer 80kg and make base fertilizer, to improve soil inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer content.Convert the concentration of 2500 times in water with carbendazim, soil is carried out disinfection once more.Reason furrow: the wide 120cm of furrow, high 15cm, draining furrow width 30cm.Gently press with smooth plank, flatten the furrow face.Spread aseptic yellow sand or red soil and make soil moved in to improve the original, thick 3-5Cm.With plank planing furrow face.Around the furrow of the logical railway carriage or compartment of reason and drain ditch, pavement, stand-by.
C. short fringe clip and processing: the fringe bar with maternal plant garden is adopted back, be cut into to the axil place by a leaf one fringe, down to 2.5-3.5cm place and the short fringe of the angle shape of the equal shape of blade, to avoid damaging axillalry bud, excessive portion is cut; To not enough 2.5cm length, can cut a fringe by two leaves, wherein the lower end blade should be cut, and only keeps a blade of upper end.Every fringe bar divides three sections to cut with segmentation and place: top 3-4 fringe, and lower end 3-4 fringe is one section, is one section in the middle of all the other, segmentation is placed while cutting, and is convenient to segmentation and divides furrow cuttage and Classification Management in seedling stage.Thin being spread out on the moistening ground of short fringe with cutting allows it breathe 20 minutes, to keep vitality.Immersion treatment was immersed in indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution that concentration is 50PPM 3 hours in the lower end of every short fringe, pull airing out, stand-by.
D. single node cutting: the short fringe segmentation in the seedbed of having put in order handled of learning from else's experience divides furrow to carry out cuttage, and promptly each inserts furrow by upper end section, middle-end section, the short fringe of lower end section, helps the root of hair unanimity, and it is neat to emerge, convenient management.The line-spacing 10cm of cuttage, spacing in the rows 3cm is advisable.2/3rds of short fringe lower end should be inserted in the soil when slotting, 1/3rd fringe kind blade should basset in addition, notices that the protection axillalry bud is injury-free, helps improving the survival rate of plugged ear.The limit insert edge compresses the soil at plugged ear end place, will in time fill and lead up with new soil the soil of indentation place, to keep the stable and not exposed fringe bar of plugged ear.To in time spray water to plugged ear furrow face, reach spray and spare, squirt, spray and be as the criterion.
E. the covering of shading: to the furrow face of cuttage will according to Various Seasonal adopt shading screen canopy, plastic canopy in time covered, to summer, cuttage in autumn because natural rainwater is many, the temperature height only adopts the shading screen canopy to get final product.And to late autumn or cuttage in winter, except that adopting the shading screen canopy, also to adopt plastic canopy simultaneously, be beneficial to extinction, be incubated, preserve moisture.The preparation method of shading screen canopy is: play timber or bamboo stake around the nursery, the high 1.5m of stake, between each in length and breadth bracing wire or with wooden a tree, used in making timber for boats built as ceiling, the height of ceiling is 40cm apart from the furrow face for the first time, on ceiling and around to cover shading rate be that 65% blackish green sunshade net hides, adopt full garden coverage shading.The preparation method of plastic canopy is: on every furrow with thick bamboo sheet arch camber, sagitta: as location, air port 25cm, leeward location 30cm, the top of arch and around tight with the thick white transparent plastic film covering of 3 decimillimeters, available all around soil compaction.Temperature and humidity in the canopy requires to reach respectively 10 ℃-29 ℃ and 85-95% during cold season in the Winter-Spring.When temperature of shed surpassed 30 ℃, should open plastic canopy two ends film daytime, allow its ventilation, breathe freely, lower the temperature, fall wet, in order to avoid the fringe bar and influence survival rate of burning, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon with the insulation of the two ends film should being obturaged evening.When natural temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, throw off the plastic film layers of plastic canopy, only keep the shading screen canopy.
F, seedling management: after cuttage 30-45 days, plugged ear base portion otch begins healing and taking root, root system short and a little less than, should not execute this moment heavy fertile, based on the thin thin fertilising of watering, can water once in 18-20 days in inserting the back, some droughts are rain not, when the furrow face turns white, can on the shading screen canopy, directly spray water, be as the criterion to squirt.Insert the back 90-120 days, when new root grows to 1-2cm, by every 667m
2Available urea 10kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9kg mixed fertilizer concentration of aqueous solution 0.02% topdress: when seedling grows tall to 4-6cm, the long 2-3cm of root, can be that 0.03-0.04% sprays the nursery with concentration every 7-10 days; When seedling grows to 10cm when above, can strengthen its concentration and spray the nursery to 0.05-0.07%.The furrow face of centering, hypomere plugged ear will be executed 1-2 time more and topdress, and with tachyauxesis, keeps emerging unanimity.If find damage by disease and insect, visual different situations are selected 1000 times in 40% Rogor, 50% dichlorvos targetedly for use in the seedling phase, and 20% the chrysanthemum ester of killing is sprayed insect pest for 10000 times; Select for use carbendazim, glue chlorine copper, tpn to prevent and treat disease for 500 times.Medicine can use separately, also can mix in the chemical fertilizer aqueous solution that topdresses and use.When the plugged ear base portion grow new root 1-2cm, the long 3-5cm of young sprout, when 3-4 sheet young leaves is arranged, with the ceiling rising 20cm of shading screen canopy; When the plugged ear young sprout grew to 8-9cm, 20cm again raise ceiling; When young sprout grew to 10-12cm, the 20cm that again ceiling raise to reach the purpose of hardening, threw off shading screen then, was allowed to condition under the natural conditions and grew, until growing up to the tea tree seedling that can transplant.This seedling reason river tea tree kind seed selection forms, and the called after famous mountain is (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131) early.
The top ceiling of shading screen canopy can move up, and uses during for hardening.
The present invention has following outstanding advantage compared with prior art:
1. it is fast to grow seedlings.Employing the present invention grow seedlings, and is subjected to the restriction of seasonal variation in 1 year hardly, and spring, summer, autumn, the four seasons in winter all can grow seedlings; Owing to adopted segmentation, divided furrow cuttage and way to manage, make the survival rate and the emergence rate of growing seedlings greatly improve, show that according to statistics the famous mountain is (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131) early, autumn, winter, three season of spring average survival be respectively 91.5% and 96.9%; Average emergence rate is respectively 77.8% and 82.4%.Its survival rate of comparing with the normal cutting propagation method exceeds 47.5% and 23.73% respectively; Emergence rate exceeds 37.3% and 16.5%.The Fuding white tea with the world three famous tea one of famous with the whole nation compares comparison, and its survival rate exceeds 0.6% and 6% respectively; Emergence rate exceeds 0.5% and 5.1% respectively, thereby can reduce seedling raise period, improves the speed of growing seedlings.
2. product are of fine quality.The tea tree of adopting the present invention to grow seedlings and obtain has not only kept the good characteristic of former tea tree breed, but also make germinate early, hold that tender property is strong, fine hair is many, cold-resistant drought resisting, fertility by force these characteristics be able to abundant development.Famous mountain early (311) belongs to the early germ kind, and the well-known tea picking period early contrasts Fuding white tea 5-8 days; Germinate neat, hold tender, milli is many, density is big, the green profit of the tight volume of the green tea external form of making, endoplasm delicate fragrance is shone and is compared, Tea Polyphenols is 31.3%, exceeds 10.3%; Amino acid is 4.05%, exceeds 1.59%; Caffeine is 4.17%, exceeds 0.36%; Water extraction is 43.61%, exceeds 5.28%; Catechin total amount (mg/g) is 121.73, exceeds 37.11; Phenol ammonia ratio is 7.73, low 0.81.Famous mountain pekoe (131), bud sprouting period Sichuan are 7-8 day in March, belong to the early germ kind.Growth potential is prosperous, and newly grow slightly and reach 49.91cm the whole year, contrasts Fuding white tea 38.63cm, many 29%.Vegetative period is long, year sprouting 4.5-5 wheel.The fine hair spy is many, and four seasons bud-leaf all shows fine hair, and the well-known tea that two leaves and a bud is made drapes over one's shoulders the milli rate and reaches 90%.The green tea of making, profile is tightly rolled up, and green profit is draped over one's shoulders milli, and the endoplasm milli is aromatic strongly fragrant, and is pure lasting, and the bright dense alcohol still of flavour belongs to high-grade green tea quality.To the biochemical analysis of components result of bright leaf: contrast comparison with Fuding white tea, Tea Polyphenols is 28.54%, exceeds 7.54%; Amino acid is 3.98%, exceeds 1.52%; Water extraction is 39.88%, exceeds 1.61%; Catechin total amount (mg/g) is 110.36, exceeds 25.74; Phenol ammonia ratio is 7.2, low 1.3.Above-mentioned two kinds all have the characteristic of cold-resistant drought resisting, in average annual temperature 〉=14 ℃, 1000 millimeters of annual precipitations, the tea district, hills of the limit minimum air temperature≤-10 ℃, in, low camellia district and high height above sea level tea district all can plant.
3. output height.The famous mountain is (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131) early, and survival rate of seedling reaches 91.5% and 96.9% respectively, and emergence rate reaches 40.5% and 65.9% respectively, and all comparison is high according to Fuding white tea.667m
2, can produce fringe bar 1400kg, contrast Fuding white tea fecund 400kg.667m
2Bright leaf 398.1kg is produced in tea place, three annuals, and 407.5kg, contrasts Fuding white tea volume increase 38.8% and 42.1% respectively, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
4. profitable.The tea tree and the Fuding white tea that adopt the present invention to obtain contrast comparison, and new output value is remarkable: press industrial experimentation and calculate, the bright leaf 120kg of the annual new volume increase in every 667m tea place amounts to 193 yuan of the output values; By producing name, the calculating of excellent tea, every 667m
2, the bright leaf 40kg of annual new volume increase well-known tea amounts to 640 yuan of the output values; Press breeding and support the elite stand garden calculating of fringe, every 667m
2Tea place fecund fringe bar 400kg amounts to 1600 yuan of the output values, calculates by " from numerous from inserting " that not only produce the fringe bar but also insert tea shoot, cuts fringe bar twice, and inserts twice, 667m in 1 year
2, newly increase production fringe bar 400kg, amount to 1600 yuan of the output values, can go out 150,000 strains of standard tea shoot in 1 year, deduction cost, but 6000 yuan of new output values are by above every calculating 667m
2Tea place, new output value reach 4800-10000 unit.
Employing the present invention grows seedlings and the normal cutting propagation seedling-cultivating method contrasts comparison, and owing to survival rate, emergence rate height, reasons such as dense planting high yield according to statistics, are being educated under the equal number tea shoot situation, can save the land used 30-50% that grows seedlings, and its social benefit is also remarkable.
Claims (2)
1. fast tea seedling growing method, it is characterized in that adopting Sichuan-tea spike to do female fringe cuttage, by the cultivation of fringe bar, seedbed arrangement, short fringe clip and processing, single node cutting, the covering of shading, the cultural operations of seedling management system, obtain tea tree plantation seedling famous mountain, land for growing field crops early (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131), it is specifically cultivated operating procedure and is:
A, fringe bar cultivate: select irrigation condition good, maternal plant garden or newly-built maternal plant garden are made in the tea place of back of the body north orientation sun, are that 5: 3: 1 ratio is used chemical fertilizer in N: P: K, promptly press 667m
2Apply urea 100-150kg, superphosphate 120-180kg, potassium sulphate 20-30kg or organic rapeseed cake fertilizer 200kg at every turn and make base fertilizer annual the branch 3-4 time, adds the female fringe of great river tea and sprout density, 667m
2Can plant 6500 strains, duty is executed thin spraying fertilizer, every 667m
2, can execute concentration at every turn and be 0.5% composite chemical fertilizer 20kg (each 10kg of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate), once every 15-20 days foliage fertilization, will in time water dry season, keeps tea garden soil moistening, selects the low toxicity highly effective pesticide for use, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, before adopting fringe 5-7 days to the pinching of will pinching of fringe bar;
The arrangement of b, seedbed: the seedbed selects that the soil is porous for use, and Li Shui is ventilative, aseptic acidity or slightly acidic soil, shines native 2-3 days before the cuttage, presses 667m
2Execute urea 8.46kg, superphosphate 13.7kg, potassium sulphate 1.56kg and rapeseed cake fertilizer 80kg and make base fertilizer, convert the concentration of 2500 times in water with carbendazim, soil is carried out disinfection once more reason furrow, the wide 120cm of furrow, high 15cm, draining furrow width 30cm, gently press, flatten the furrow face with plank, spread aseptic yellow sand or reddish yellow loam soil as a guest, thick 3-5cm, leveling furrow face, the logical drain ditch of reason, stand-by;
C, short fringe clip and processing: the fringe bar that maternal plant garden is adopted back, be cut into to the axil place by a leaf one fringe, down to 2.5-3.5cm place and the short fringe of the angle shape of the equal shape of blade, excessive portion is cut, not enough 2.5cm length can cut a fringe by two leaves, wherein the lower end blade should be cut, a blade that only keeps the upper end, every fringe bar is divided into three sections and cuts with segmentation and place, top 3-4 fringe is one section, and lower end 3-4 fringe is one section, is one section in the middle of all the other, segmentation is placed while cutting, being spread out on the moistening ground the short fringe cut is thin, allowing it breathe 20 fens kinds, is immersion treatment 3 hours in indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution of 50PPM with the lower end immersion concentration of every short fringe, pull airing out, stand-by;
D, single node cutting: the short fringe segmentation in the seedbed of having put in order handled of learning from else's experience divides furrow to carry out cuttage, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 3cm, 2/3rds of short fringe lower end should be inserted in the soil when slotting, 1/3rd fringe kind blade should basset in addition, and the protection axillalry bud is injury-free, the limit insert edge compresses the soil at plugged ear end place, to in time fill and lead up with new soil indentation place soil, the furrow face is in time sprayed water, reach spray and spare, squirt, spray and be as the criterion;
E, the covering of shading: the furrow face to cuttage will adopt the shading screen canopy according to Various Seasonal, plastic canopy is in time covered, to the summer, the cuttage in autumn, only adopt the shading screen canopy to get final product, and to late autumn or winter-spring season cuttage, except that adopting the shading screen canopy, also to adopt plastic canopy simultaneously, the preparation method of shading screen canopy is: play timber or bamboo stake around the nursery, the high 1.5m of stake, between each in length and breadth bracing wire or with wooden a tree, used in making timber for boats built as ceiling, the height of ceiling is 40cm apart from the furrow face for the first time, be that 65% blackish green sunshade net hides on ceiling and all around with the covering shading rate, adopt full garden coverage shading, the preparation method of plastic canopy is: on every furrow with thick bamboo sheet arch camber, sagitta: as location, air port 25cm, leeward location 30cm, cover tight on the top of arch and all around with the thick white transparent plastic film of 3 decimillimeters, available all around soil compaction, temperature and humidity in the canopy, when winter-spring season is cold, require to reach respectively 10 ℃-29 ℃ and 85-95%, when temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, should open ventilation daytime with plastic canopy two ends film, after at 5 o'clock in afternoon and the insulation of the two ends film should being obturaged in evening, when natural temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, throw off the plastic film layers of plastic canopy, only keep the shading screen canopy;
F, seedling management: the soil moisture after the cuttage is unsuitable too much, based on the thin thin fertilising of watering, can be after cuttage waters once in 18-20 days, some droughts are rain not, when the furrow face turns white, can directly spray water on the shading screen canopy, be as the criterion to squirt, insert the back 90-120 days, when new root grows to 1-2cm, by every 667m
2The concentration of aqueous solution of available urea 10kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9kg mixed fertilizer is made into 0.02% and topdresses: when seedling grows to the 4-6cm height, during the long 2-3cm of root, can be that 0.03-0.04% sprays the nursery with concentration every 7-10 days, when height more than seedling grows to 10cm, can strengthen its concentration and spray the nursery to 0.05-0.07%, centering, the furrow face of hypomere plugged ear will be executed 1-2 time more and topdress, in the seedling phase if find damage by disease and insect, visual different situations are selected 40% Rogor targetedly for use, 1000 times in 50% dichlorvos, 20% the chrysanthemum ester of killing is sprayed insect pest for 10000 times, select carbendazim for use, glue chlorine copper, tpn is prevented and treated disease for 500 times, medicine can use separately, also can mix in the chemical fertilizer aqueous solution that topdresses and use, when the plugged ear base portion grows new root 1-2cm, the long 3-5cm of young sprout, when 3-4 sheet young leaves is arranged, ceiling rising 20cm with the shading screen canopy, when the plugged ear young sprout grows to 8-9cm, 20cm again raises ceiling, when young sprout grows to 10-12cm, 20cm again raises ceiling, throw off shading screen then, be allowed to condition under the natural conditions and grow, until growing up to the tea tree seedling that to transplant, this seedling is formed by river tea tree kind seed selection, and the called after famous mountain is (311) and famous mountain pekoe (131) early.
2. fast tea seedling growing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the top ceiling of shading screen canopy can move up.
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