CN104641920B - Giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method - Google Patents
Giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104641920B CN104641920B CN201510119837.2A CN201510119837A CN104641920B CN 104641920 B CN104641920 B CN 104641920B CN 201510119837 A CN201510119837 A CN 201510119837A CN 104641920 B CN104641920 B CN 104641920B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to Camellia sinensis nursery field, specifically disclose a kind of giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, specifically include that the selection of time 5 of cuttage～June or 10～November, cuttage cladus bar clip stem from selected excellent stock tree is slightly 1.8 2.2mm, the young sprout of current growth, branch stalk is red by green turn, semi-lignified, healthy and strong without quarantine pest and disease damage, there is the branch top of axillalry bud as cuttage fringe, the clip of cuttage fringe, the preparation in seedbed, cuttage, sunshade and antifreeze, field management and transplanting and other steps after cuttage, giant tea tree is utilized to concentrate on high altitude localities, day and night temperature is big, winter is cold, the characteristics such as the growth characteristic with oneself uniqueness, in selection, the preparation in seedbed, the management etc. in Seedling field carries out the various improvement being different from common Camellia sinensis cuttage technique, it is greatly improved the survival rate of giant tea tree.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Camellia sinensis nursery field, particularly relate to giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
In the tea tree breed resources bank of China's abundant, a unartificial cultivation of class is had seldom to gather and process the big tea of Folium Camelliae sinensis
Tree, is commonly called as wild giant tea tree.This is a unartificial cultivation of class, and the arbor type Camellia sinensis seldom utilized for people,
Its common trait is that tree height is big, and leaf is thick, the many keratins of leaf table.How tapered seed is or kidney shape, and seed coat is coarse,
Resistance, reproductive capacity is low.Wild giant tea tree is that genetic diversity is the abundantest, most has preservation and a researching value
Primary Tea Germplasm.Owing to giant tea tree belongs to the cross-pollinatd plant of selfing not affinity, if not to wild greatly
Resources of Tea Plant is protected by, and the genetic resources that China's cross-breeding can utilize can be by fewer and feweri, after hybridization
Camellia sinensis individual adaptability will be caused progressively to decline for deleterious allele being continuously increased of probability of isozygotying, ultimately result in
Camellia sinensis progeny population genetic diversity is more and more narrower, brings serious consequence to the evolution of Camellia sinensis species.Further,
The obvious cachet character such as wild tea trees has strong stress resistance, cold-resistant, these character can by hybridization,
Obtain excellent new tea cultivar.Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to wild giant tea tree resource, giant tea tree wild to China provides
Source is protected by.
The method that at present wild giant tea tree protect the usual cottage propagation all used, however people to wild greatly
The feature understanding deficiency of Camellia sinensis, the technical measures taked during cuttage is transplanted are improper, cause many wild greatly
Camellia sinensis can not survive.Number of patent application be 201410440068.1 patent to disclose the cuttage of a kind of Camellia sinensis numerous
Plantation technology: mainly using high-quality branch top as cuttage fringe, by rational clip and choose surely reasonably season and
Time carries out cottage propagation, should be noted that when cottage propagation and shades and antifreeze, simultaneously it is noted that strengthen pest and disease damage
Preventing and treating and watering, fertilizing, by the time select Second Year mid-March overcast and rainy to throw off the thing that shades, choose reasonable specification
Tea seedling carry out seedling exercising.
But, different with common Camellia sinensis, the wild giant tea tree of China is mainly distributed on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, concentrates on high sea
Rising sheer from level ground district, day and night temperature is big, and winter is cold, has the growth characteristic of oneself uniqueness, in selection, the system in seedbed
Standby, the management etc. in Seedling field, all there is difference, use the wild giant tea tree of traditional tea cutting method to become
Motility rate is low, how much can only maintain the false work of 2～6 months, and its Technique on Cuttage Propagation is not suitable for wild big tea
Tree.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, numerous to solve high altitude localities wild giant tea tree cuttage
Grow the problem that survival rate is low.
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, comprises the following steps:
1. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) cutting time: 5～June or 10～November；
(2) cuttage cladus bar selects: from stock tree, clip stem is slightly that the branch top of 1.8-2.2mm is as cuttage cladus bar；
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is a healthy and strong foliage support and the cuttage cladus bar of axillalry bud, by leaf
Branch stalk at above 5mm is cut off, and leaf is cut 1/1 to 2nd/3rds, and by 3-4cm below leaf
Branch stalk splay downwards, splay place cuttage cladus bar be 40-45 °；
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and shelters from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and spread last layer water；
(5) preparation in seedbed: select height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination is the wind sheltering of 20000-30000 lux
Making seedbed, level land, the soil layer thickness on level land reaches more than 1 meter, and not containing limestone serous in soil layer, the organic matter of soil layer
Content 1%-2%；First go soil to cut weeds, plough deeply, smooth and fine earth, with the width unwrapping wire of 1.1 meters, Seedling
Bed spacing is 30cm, chooses in acid new soil, and watering after being packed together, it is thin to dissipate, crumb and clamp, will
What new soil was smooth covers on seedbed, pats new soil and makes its consolidation, and the thickness of new soil is 9-11cm；
(6) cuttage: squirted on surface, seedbed, paddles line by length of blade when table soil is tack-free again, cuttage head progeny row away from
15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8cm, cuttage fringe is inserted in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.2-0.3cm, cuttage
Drench seedbed with clear water in good latter five minutes；
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: insert timbers every 3 meters along both sides, seedbed, adjacent timber top is by supporting
Bar is fixing to be connected, and support bar is equipped with at least 2 layers of solar protection devices and carries out sunshade；Set in sunshade during winter
Putting a defroster, defroster is that bamboo chip inserts firmly along both sides, seedbed with the arc of 180 °, the bamboo chip being plugged
Overhead height from seedbed 55cm-60cm, be inserted with a bamboo chip every 2 meters, thin at bamboo chip overlying lid last layer
Film；
(8) field management after cuttage:
A, water: during summer, within during first month fine day one day, watering once, rainy day does not waters, after tea shoot survives,
Within 3-5 days, water 1 time, water every time and to irrigate；During winter, by film cover on bamboo chip, when temperature is higher than
When 30 DEG C, open thin film and water or breathe freely dehumidifying, water weekly once, weekly when fine day number weekly was more than 4 days
Fine day number less than 4 days time, within 10-15 days, water once；
B, taking off film: the Ching Ming Festival after, if frost and snow weather stops, and the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C, then open
Thin film；Otherwise, then continue to cover, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, then open thin film two ends row's temperature；
C, taking off sunshade net: after grain rains, first open one layer of sunshade net, often cross and open one layer again in 4 days, sunshade net has been taken off
After leave one layer, to cover, higher than the weather of 30 DEG C, the sunshade net stayed at temperature；
D, weeding: use the manual mode weeding nipping off weeds；
E, parasite killing apply fertilizer: applying fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon is to cuttage fringe parasite killing once；
(9) transplant: giant tea tree seedling stays in seedbed raw at least 2 years, has been grubbed out by seedling during transplanting, protects Seedling
Root is complete, and then root is stained with red mud, transplants to elsewhere.
Use technique scheme, according to the feature of giant tea tree, the first half of the year 5～June and the second half year 10～11
Month relative humidity, temperature be suitable for the characteristic of giant tea tree, take optimal cuttage cladus bar, and blade cut
Fall a part, reduce blade and consume the nutrition of cuttage fringe, and promote that cuttage fringe sends sprouting early, greatly increase
Added survival rate, the cuttage fringe that the same day had not been inserted carry out moisturizing shelter from heat or light wind sheltering process, cuttage cladus can be extended
The holding time of bar.The illumination saturation point of giant tea tree is 3-4 ten thousand lux, owing to the cuttage fringe of giant tea tree does not also have
Taking root, intensity of illumination is too strong, strengthens the photosynthesis of blade, the too fast energy consumed in cuttage cladus bar,
Crossing weak, be unfavorable for the photosynthesis of cuttage cladus bar, 2-3W lux is the most reasonable.Limestone meeting and acidity
Soil combines to cause and hardens, and makes soil air reduce, and hinders the breathing of root, thus have impact on the growth of root.
Suitable spacing it is provided with, it is simple to the work such as management personnel's flowing in the future is watered, weeding between seedbed.Cuttage head progeny row away from
15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8cm, relative to common Camellia sinensis, owing to giant tea tree root system is many and length, both will not be because of skewer
The spacing of cutting is excessive causes seedbed to waste, and also will not easily make adjacent root system twine tie up to because of apart from too small
Together, more convenient during transplanting, avoid the problem that adjacent cuttage fringe fights for nutrition simultaneously.It is equipped with on sunshade
At least sunshade net more than two-layer, good every shaded effects, and in field management, layering open sunshade net,
Effectively make cuttage fringe adapt to high temperature, add survival rate.It addition, red mud has the resistance to light thermal property of excellence,
The most weather-proof, hot strength, elongation percentage, anti-permeability performance, anti-punching quality, low temperature flexibility, during transplanting,
Moisturizing to tree root, lucifuge has good effect, increases the survival rate transplanted.
Further, the new soil described in step (5) is under pinaster, the soil of distance earth's surface at least 50cm., tool
Textured relatively light and broad covered area, good moisture-keeping function and can effectively preventing Soil erosion, have well
Insect protected effect, such as Coptotermes formosanus Shtrari., can preferably protect garden plant, and the nutrient that Folium Pini is a lot of after rotting remains in
In soil.
Further, the pH value of new soil is 4.5-6.5, and the buffer capacity of Ramulus et Foliu Mussaendae Erosae juice is the highest when PH5.0,
Being gradually lowered, therefore, it is in acid environment, and cytoactive will not be destroyed because of the intrusion of acid later.
Secondly because giant tea tree needs the aluminium ion that soil offer is certain, and soil acidity is the strongest, and aluminium ion is the most.
3rd, giant tea tree is to dislike calcium crop, and the content of general acid ground activated calcium can meet the demand of growth of tea plant.
Further, the solar protection devices in step (5) is changed to corn stalk when descending in the winter time or Rhizoma Imperatae is paved into, Gao Hai
Rising sheer from level ground district, winter is colder, often snows heavily, common solar protection devices easily by accumulated snow damage by pressure corn stalk and
Rhizoma Imperatae the most easily obtains, and has the strongest anti-pressure ability, and shaded effects are the most outstanding.For hiding during other seasons
Screened postive is paved into, and the both sides of sunshade net should overhead height about 1-1.5 rice, it is ensured that ensure while sunshade to hide
Air circulation in sun canopy.
Further, in step (3) during the preparation in seedbed, every nursery is the most then changed a place and is again prepared
Seedbed, the seedbed nutrient major part after nursery is absorbed, and is created substantial amounts of antibacterial, is unfavorable for new
The growth of cuttage fringe.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
(1) cutting time: May in the first half of the year
(2) cuttage cladus bar select: from selected excellent stock tree clip stem be slightly 2mm, the young sprout of current growth,
Branch stalk by green turn red, semi-lignified, healthy and strong without quarantine pest and disease damage, there is the branch top of axillalry bud as cuttage fringe；
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is a healthy and strong foliage support and the cuttage cladus bar of axillalry bud, by leaf
Branch stalk at above 5mm is cut off, and leaf is cut 1/2nd, and is obstructed downwards by the branch at 4cm below leaf
Splaying, the cuttage cladus bar at place of splaying is 40-45 °；
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and shelters from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and spread last layer water；
(5) preparation in seedbed: the wind sheltering that to select height above sea level be 1300 meters, intensity of illumination is 20000-30000 lux
Making seedbed, level land, the soil layer thickness on level land reaches the sand loam of more than 1 meter not containing limestone serous, soil layer organic
Matter content 1%-2%, first goes soil to cut weeds, ploughs deeply, smooth, fine earth, with 1.1 meters of wide unwrapping wire, between seedbed
Away from 30cm, it is simple to work such as management personnel's flowing in the future is watered, weedings；The soil selecting the pH value under pine forest to be 5
Earth, first removes the variegated soil of skim-coat 55cm, takes beneath aseptic, clean new soil, the new soil that will dig out
Being packed together, water to dissipate afterwards and loosen the soil, pinch and turn over, clamp thin, the new earth mulch after dissipating is in newly-built seedbed
On, thickness 10cm, it is desirable to new soil is smooth as plank, then pats with plank and makes its new soil somewhat consolidation；
(6) cuttage: fully squirted on surface, seedbed, paddles line by length of blade when table soil is tack-free again, cuttage fringe
Line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 8cm, cuttage fringe is inserted in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.3cm, blade is not
Soil can be close to, drench seedbed with clear water immediately after cuttage is good；
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: sunshade selects timber to build, and inserts timbers, phase along both sides, seedbed every 3 meters
Adjacent timber top connects by a diameter of 10cm support bar is fixing, by laying 3 layers of sunshade on support bar
Net carries out sunshade, in November in winter, changes sunshade net into corn stalk；Increase in sunshade during winter
One defroster, the defroster bamboo chip of relatively slightly bigger a width of about the 2cm of blue bamboo, along both sides, seedbed with
The arc of 180 ° inserts firmly, and forms arch, and the bamboo chip overhead height being plugged, from seedbed 60cm, is inserted with every 2 meters
A piece bamboo chip, covers thin film in bamboo chip overlying；
(8) field management after cuttage:
When A, summer, conscientiously carry out sunshade work, keep cuttage fringe not by sunlight, the previous moon fine day one day
Watering once, rainy day does not waters, and after tea shoot survives, can extend watering time according to weather, within 3-5 days, water
Water 1 time, waters every time and to irrigate；During winter, need cover film, note hot weather at noon, open
Thin film waters or breathes freely dehumidifying, within one week, waters once when fine day number weekly was more than 4 days, and fine day number weekly is little
In 4 days time, within 10-15 days, water once；Before and after the Ching Ming Festival of next year, if the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C,
The most removable thin film, if also frost and snow, needs to continue to cover, should open thin when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C
Film two ends row's temperature；Treat that new talent is ripe, start slowly to open sunshade net after grain rains, first take off one layer, after spending 4 days
Open one layer again, can not all put away after having taken off, leave one layer, at the noon of the temperature weather higher than 30 DEG C
Sunshade net to be covered, allows tea shoot slowly adapt to high temperature；
B, weeding: the often situation of inspection cuttage fringe growth, be once found to have weeds and remove immediately, use manual pinching
The mode weeding of disconnected weeds, is sure not to loosen short fringe；
C, parasite killing apply fertilizer: applying fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon is to cuttage fringe parasite killing once；
(9) transplant: giant tea tree seedling should stay in seedbed raw 2 years 03 months, has been grubbed out by seedling during transplanting,
Protection shoot root is complete as far as possible, and then root is stained with red mud, transplants to elsewhere.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is with the difference of embodiment 1, and the cutting time in step (1) is November, step
(5) soil selecting the pH value under pine forest to be 6 in, spacing in the rows 7cm in step (6) is straight in step (7)
Connect and spread corn stalk, during to May into, corn stalk is changed 3 layers of sunshade net.
It is respectively adopted tradition Camellia sinensis cuttage and seedling culture method and uses the inventive method, 100 cuttage fringes are carried out skewer
Insert nursery, contrast by the way of experiment, and list relevant survival experimental data in the following table:
| Unit () | Traditional method | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 |
| Number is survived after 1 month after cuttage | 73 | 94 | 90 |
| Number is survived after 2 months after cuttage | 60 | 89 | 85 |
| Number is survived after 3 months after cuttage | 38 | 88 | 84 |
| Number is survived after 6 months after cuttage | 15 | 87 | 83 |
| Number is survived after 12 months after cuttage | 8 | 85 | 81 |
| Number is survived after 18 months after cuttage | 7 | 85 | 81 |
| Number is survived after 24 months after cuttage | 7 | 85 | 81 |
As can be seen from the above table, tradition Camellia sinensis cuttage and seedling culture method is used to carry out the cuttage fringe of cuttage, first month
Survive number only 73, survive number less than use the inventive method, within the 2nd month to 6th month, then become
Living several, drastically reduce, majority is false state of living, until just tending towards stability after 12 months, finally surviving number and existing
7, survival rate is 7%；Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 first all survive number respectively 94 and 90, the highest
Surviving number in use tradition Camellia sinensis cuttage and seedling culture method, and tend towards stability the most always, final survival rate is respectively
It is 85% and 81%；Further, since the cutting time of embodiment 2 is November, giant tea tree nursery is again in Gao Hai
Rising sheer from level ground district, environment is relatively severe, and spacing in the rows is big also relative to embodiment 1, so, its survival rate is less than embodiment 1.
Above example is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme is not intended to limit, although with reference to preferably implementing
The present invention has been described in detail by example, and those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that；Still can be right
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is modified or portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent；And without departing from
In the case of the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should contain the technical scheme scope being claimed in the present invention
In the middle of.
Claims (5)
1. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) cutting time: 5～June or 10～November；
(2) cuttage cladus bar selects: from stock tree, clip stem is slightly that the branch top of 1.8-2.2mm is as cuttage cladus bar；
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is a healthy and strong foliage support and the cuttage cladus bar of axillalry bud, branch at above for leaf 5mm is obstructed and cuts off, leaf is cut 1/1 to 2nd/3rds, and the branch stalk at 3-4cm below leaf is splayed downwards, the cuttage cladus bar at place of splaying is 40-45 °；
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and shelters from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and spread last layer water；
(5) preparation in seedbed: select height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination is the making seedbed, wind sheltering level land of 20000-30000 lux, and the soil layer thickness on level land reaches more than 1 meter, and not containing limestone serous in soil layer, content of organic matter 1%-2% of soil layer；First go soil to cut weeds, plough deeply, smooth and fine earth, with the width unwrapping wire of 1.1 meters, seedbed spacing is 30cm, choosing in acid new soil, watering after being packed together, it is thin to dissipate, crumb and clamp, and covers on seedbed by smooth for new soil, patting new soil and make its consolidation, the thickness of new soil is 9-11 cm；
(6) cuttage: squirted on surface, seedbed, paddles line by length of blade when table soil is tack-free again, and cuttage head progeny row is away from 15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8 cm, cuttage fringe is inserted in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.2-0.3cm, drench seedbed with clear water in good latter five minutes of cuttage；
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: insert timbers every 3 meters along both sides, seedbed, adjacent timber top connects by support bar is fixing, support bar is equipped with at least 2 layers of solar protection devices and carries out sunshade；Arranging defroster during winter in sunshade, defroster is that bamboo chip inserts firmly along both sides, seedbed with the arc of 180 °, and the overhead height of the bamboo chip being plugged, from seedbed 55cm-60cm, is inserted with a bamboo chip every 2 meters, covers thin film in bamboo chip overlying；
(8) field management after cuttage:
A, water: after the Beginning of summer, within during fine day one day, watering once, rainy day does not waters, and after tea shoot survives, within 3-5 days, waters 1 time；During the Beginning of Winter, by film cover on bamboo chip, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, opens thin film and water or breathe freely dehumidifying, water weekly once when fine day number weekly was more than 4 days, when fine day number weekly was less than 4 days, within 10-15 days, water once；
B, taking off film: the Ching Ming Festival after, if frost and snow weather stops, and the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C, then open thin film；Otherwise, then continue to cover, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, then open thin film two ends row's temperature；
C, taking off sunshade net: after grain rains, first open one layer of sunshade net, often cross and open one layer again in 4 days, sunshade net leaves one layer after having taken off, to cover, at the temperature weather higher than 30 DEG C, the sunshade net stayed；
D, weeding: use the manual mode weeding nipping off weeds；
E, parasite killing apply fertilizer: applying fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon is to cuttage fringe parasite killing once；
(9) transplanting: giant tea tree seedling stays in seedbed raw at least 2 years, has been grubbed out by seedling during transplanting, protection shoot root is complete, and then root is stained with red mud, transplants to elsewhere.
2. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the new soil described in step (5) is under pinaster, the soil of distance earth's surface at least 50cm.
3. the giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as described in any one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the pH value of new soil is 4.5-6.5.
4. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, solar protection devices in step (7) in the winter time time be corn stalk or Rhizoma Imperatae is paved into, be that sunshade net is paved into during other seasons, during lid sunshade net, both sides should the height of overhead 1-1.5 rice.
5. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5) during the preparation in seedbed, then reselect after culturing and transplanting seedlings a height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination be that seedbed is prepared on the wind sheltering level land of 20000-30000 lux.
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| CN108770514A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-11-09 | 晴隆县紫马乡紫鑫茶叶农民专业合作社 | A kind of cuttage implantation methods of wild tea trees |
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