CN107047207A - A kind of cultivation management method of peach - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating and managing peach trees, the steps of which are as follows: first select the garden site: select sandy loam soil with high terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soft land, air circulation, and a pH value of 5.5-6.5; Planting: According to the local soil properties and climate conditions, select suitable seedlings of fine varieties, and choose seedlings with large roots, many roots and easy survival, dig planting holes in the garden, and spread a layer of broken straw in the planting holes , pour diluted manure and phosphate fertilizer on the straw, and finally put the seedlings vertically in the middle of the hole, fill it with soil, and step on the soil firmly. , pest control, and finally fruit management; the invention effectively improves the planting yield of peach trees, and has strong practicability.

Description

A kind of cultivation management method of peach tree

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating and managing peach trees.

Background technique

Peach is one of the fruits loved by the people. It is not only beautiful in appearance, juicy and delicious, but also rich in nutrition. Every 100 grams of pulp contains 0.2-1.9 grams of organic acid, 0.4-1.8 grams of protein, 0.1-1.5 grams of fat, 31 mg of vitamin C, and 20.2 mg of vitamin B. In addition to eating fresh peaches, they can also be made into canned syrup, peach jam, and peaches. Juice, dried peaches and other processed products; and the roots, leaves, flowers, and kernels of peach trees can be used as medicine, which has the effects of relieving cough, promoting blood circulation, and killing insects.

Peach trees have the advantages of early fruiting, early high yield, and early income in cultivation, and peaches have strong drought tolerance, can be cultivated in flat land, mountainous land, and sandy land, and are easy to manage. Therefore, the cultivation of peach trees is very common and popular among people. favorite. But the cultivation technology of peach tree obviously has some defects at present, and cultivation technology is relatively backward, has a strong impact on the cultivation output of peach tree.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation management method of peach tree aiming at the defects and deficiencies of the prior art.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of cultivation management method of peach tree, and concrete steps are as follows:

1. Garden selection: choose sandy loam soil with high terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soft soil, air circulation, and pH value of 5.5-6.5;

2. Seedling planting: According to the local soil properties and climate conditions, select suitable seedlings of fine varieties, and choose seedlings with large roots, many roots and easy survival, and dig planting holes in the garden. The size of the planting holes depends on the size of the seedling roots. Depending on the size of the planting hole, spread a layer of broken straw in the planting hole, pour diluted manure and broken rapeseed cake on the straw, and finally put the seedlings vertically in the middle of the hole, fill it with soil, and step on the soil firmly That is, the planting density per mu is 40-50 plants;

3. Fertilizer and water management: Ditch the garden, and each seedling needs to have a ditch around it to facilitate timely drainage and prevent flooding in heavy rain, and the roots of peach trees should be significantly higher than other places. After the seedlings are planted, the front For six months, apply 0.2kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.4-0.6kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, three times a month, spray 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution, five times a month; after six months, apply 1.2-1.5kg of phosphate fertilizer and 2kg of organic fertilizer , 3.5kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, and spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both once every half a month; when the fruit and fruit grow rapidly, apply 2kg of phosphate fertilizer, 3kg of organic fertilizer, and 5kg of special fertilizer for peach trees. And spray 0.2-0.4% calcium nitrate, once every 7-8 days;

4. Shaping and pruning: The tree shape adopts a "Y" shape structure. After planting, select 1-2 buds under the cut at a distance of 50cm from the ground as the east and west buds for short cuts and dry, and remove the sprouts under the seedling interface in mid-May; 6 In the first ten days of the month, two main branches, east and west, are kept at the top, and the remaining branches grow to 20cm, and they are reserved for spreading and raising branches, and cultivated into fruiting branch groups, and use their early results; Increase the number of branches; in early August, pull the main branch at a 45° opening angle, and adjust the main branch to the east-west orientation; in March of the second year, except for the extended branch of the main branch, the rest of the auxiliary branches and fruiting branches can be lightened according to the flowering situation. To cut or not to cut, to adjust after the fruit is harvested;

5. Pest control: In spring, when germination begins, spray mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl on a regular basis. The ratio of mancozeb: thiophanate-methyl: water is 1:10:30. Once every half a month, and remove diseased branches and leaves in time; in winter, paint the branches with white;

6. Fruit management: control the amount of fruit remaining, and carry out fruit thinning in two times, respectively from late April to early May and mid-to-late May, leaving 1 fruit on the short fruiting branch, 2 fruits on the middle fruiting branch, and long fruiting branches. Leave 3 to 5 fruits on the top, and spray pesticides and bag them in time after the fruits are set.

Preferably, the planting hole is square.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the local climate and soil conditions, suitable seedlings are selected, ditching is done on the garden, drainage work is done well, fertilization is carried out regularly and different amounts and types of fertilizers are applied according to different stages of peach trees, Regular pruning of branches, cultivation of trunk branches, removal of redundant branches, reduction of nutrient consumption, good pest control work, follow the principle of high quality and high yield, fruit management, effectively improve the planting yield of peach trees.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Embodiment one:

A method for cultivating and managing peach trees, comprising the following steps:

1. Garden selection: choose sandy loam soil with high terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soft soil, air circulation, and pH value of 5.5;

2. Seedling planting: According to the local soil properties and climate conditions, select suitable seedlings of fine varieties, and choose seedlings with large roots, more root fibers, and easy survival, and dig planting holes in the garden. The size of the planting holes depends on the size of the seedlings. Depending on the size of the roots, spread a layer of broken straw in the planting hole, pour diluted manure and broken rapeseed cakes on the straw, and finally put the seedlings vertically in the middle of the hole, fill it with soil, and step on the soil It only needs to be firm, and the planting density per mu is 40 plants;

3. Fertilizer and water management: Ditch the garden, and each seedling needs to have a ditch around it to facilitate timely drainage and prevent flooding in heavy rain, and the roots of peach trees should be significantly higher than other places. After the seedlings are planted, the front Six months, apply 0.2kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.4kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, three times a month, spray 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution, five times a month; after six months, apply 1.2kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2kg of organic fertilizer, and special fertilizer for peach trees Fertilizer 3.5kg, and spraying 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both once every half a month; when the fruit and fruit grow rapidly, apply 2kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 3kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, and spray 0.2 % calcium nitrate, once every 7-8 days;

4. Shaping and pruning: The tree shape adopts a "Y" shape structure. After planting, select 1-2 buds under the cut at a distance of 50cm from the ground as the east and west buds for short cuts and dry, and remove the sprouts under the seedling interface in mid-May; 6 In the first ten days of the month, two main branches, east and west, are kept at the top, and the remaining branches grow to 20cm, and they are reserved for spreading and raising branches, and cultivated into fruiting branch groups, and use their early results; Increase the number of branches; in early August, pull the main branch at a 45° opening angle, and adjust the main branch to the east-west orientation; in March of the second year, except for the extended branch of the main branch, the rest of the auxiliary branches and fruiting branches can be lightened according to the flowering situation. To cut or not to cut, to adjust after the fruit is harvested;

5. Pest control: In spring, when germination begins, spray mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl on a regular basis. The ratio of mancozeb: thiophanate-methyl: water is 1:10:30. Once every half a month, and remove diseased branches and leaves in time; in winter, paint the branches with white;

6. Fruit management: control the amount of fruit remaining, and carry out fruit thinning in two times, respectively from late April to early May and mid-to-late May, leaving 1 fruit on the short fruiting branch, 2 fruits on the middle fruiting branch, and long fruiting branches. Leave 3 fruits on top, and spray pesticides and bag them in time after setting the fruits.

The planting holes are square.

Embodiment two:

A method for cultivating and managing peach trees, comprising the following steps:

1. Garden selection: choose sandy loam soil with high terrain, sufficient sunlight, good drainage, soft soil, air circulation, and a pH value of 6.5;

2. Seedling planting: According to the local soil properties and climate conditions, select suitable seedlings of fine varieties, and choose seedlings with large roots, many roots and easy survival, and dig planting holes in the garden. The size of the planting holes depends on the size of the seedling roots. Depending on the size of the planting hole, spread a layer of broken straw in the planting hole, pour diluted manure and broken rapeseed cake on the straw, and finally put the seedlings vertically in the middle of the hole, fill it with soil, and step on the soil firmly That is, the planting density per mu is 50 plants;

3. Fertilizer and water management: Ditch the garden, and each seedling needs to have a ditch around it to facilitate timely drainage and prevent flooding in heavy rain, and the roots of peach trees should be significantly higher than other places. After the seedlings are planted, the front Six months, apply 0.2kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.6kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, three times a month, spray 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution, five times a month; after six months, apply 1.5kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2kg of organic fertilizer, and special fertilizer for peach trees Fertilizer 3.5kg, and spraying 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, both once every half a month; when the fruit and fruit grow rapidly, apply 2kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 3kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of special fertilizer for peach trees, and spray 0.4 % calcium nitrate, once every 7-8 days;

4. Shaping and pruning: The tree shape adopts a "Y" shape structure. After planting, select 1-2 buds under the cut at a distance of 50cm from the ground as the east and west buds for short cuts and dry, and remove the sprouts under the seedling interface in mid-May; 6 In the first ten days of the month, two main branches, east and west, are kept at the top, and the remaining branches grow to 20cm, and they are reserved for spreading and raising branches, and cultivated into fruiting branch groups, and use their early results; Increase the number of branches; in early August, pull the main branch at a 45° opening angle, and adjust the main branch to the east-west orientation; in March of the second year, except for the extended branch of the main branch, the rest of the auxiliary branches and fruiting branches can be lightened according to the flowering situation. To cut or not to cut, to adjust after the fruit is harvested;

5. Pest control: In spring, when germination begins, spray mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl on a regular basis. The ratio of mancozeb: thiophanate-methyl: water is 1:10:30. Once every half a month, and remove diseased branches and leaves in time; in winter, paint the branches with white;

6. Fruit management: control the amount of fruit remaining, and carry out fruit thinning in two times, respectively from late April to early May and mid-to-late May, leaving 1 fruit on the short fruiting branch, 2 fruits on the middle fruiting branch, and long fruiting branches. Leave 5 fruits on the top, and spray pesticides and bag them in time after the fruit is set.

The planting holes are square.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of cultivation management method of peach, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：

First, field is selected：Select high-land, sunny, draining is good, soil is soft, air circulation, pH value is 5.5-6.5 Sandy loam；

2nd, seedling planting：According to local soil property and climatic condition, suitable improved seeds seedling is selected, and select The seedling that root is big, coring is more, easily survive is selected, planting pit is dug in field, depending on the size of the size of planting pit according to seedling root, The straw that layer overlay is smashed in planting pit, the excrement of dilution and the rape cake smashed are poured on straw, finally seedling is hung down The straight centre for being put into cave, is filled and led up with soil, and soil is stepped on into solid, and every mu of plantation density is 40-50 plants；

3rd, rich water quality management：Ditched on field, the surrounding of each seedling has been required for groove, has been easy to timely draining, prevents heavy rain It floods, and will be substantially than high elsewhere, after Seeding planting at the root of peach, first six months, using phosphate fertilizer 0.2kg, Peach special fertilizer 0.4-0.6kg, monthly three times, spray 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution, monthly five times；After six months, using phosphate fertilizer 1.2-1.5kg, organic fertilizer 2kg, peach special fertilizer 3.5kg, and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed, it is per two weeks one It is secondary；The period that result and fruit are mushroomed out has been arrived, using phosphate fertilizer 2kg, organic fertilizer 3kg, peach special fertilizer 5kg, and has been sprayed 0.2-0.4% calcium nitrate, be 7-8 days once；

4th, pruning：It is tree-like to use " Y " font structure, it is being east away from 1-2 buds under clip is selected at the 50cm of ground after field planting Western bud carries out cutting back and done surely, removes mid-May and sprouts evil under nursery stock interface；Early June retains two major branches of thing except top, remaining Branch growth gives over to paving and supports branch, be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster, utilize its earlier results to 20cm pinching；Late June plucks to major branch sublateral shoot The heart, growth-promoting branch increases branch amount；Early August, adjustment major branch was thing orientation by major branch by 45 ° of branch pulling and angle openings；Second Year March In addition to major branch extension branch, remaining auxiliary support branch and fruitful branch light pruning or can not cut according into flower situation, after remaking place after fruit harvesting Reason adjustment；

5th, insect pest preventing and controlling：In spring, start sprout growth period, need to periodically carry out sprinkling Mancozeb, thiophanate methyl medicine Agent, the ﹕ 30 of 1 ﹕ 10 are classified as the ratio of gloomy manganese zinc ﹕ first base thiophanate ﹕ water, per first quarter moon once, and remove the sick leaf of sick branch in time；In the winter In season, it will be whitewashed on branch；

6th, fruit is managed：Fruit thinning is carried out, control stays fruit to measure, 2 progress of fruit thinning point, respectively in late April-the first tenday period of a month in May and May Stay to stay on 1 fruit, medium fruit branch on the middle ten days and the last ten days, fruit spur and 3~5 fruits are stayed on 2 fruits, long fruit branch, determine the bagging that sprayed in time after fruit.

2. a kind of cultivation management method of peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The planting pit is square.