Background technique
Chinese rose is the flowering shrub for having certain service life, generally in growth condition, is classified as (1~5 year young age strain period
It is raw), strong strain period in age (5~15-year-old), aged strain period (15 years or more).
Strain age is more than that in Chinese rose, 8 continuously grows in 1 year, blooms, and nutriment consumes excessively in plant body, and annual gas
Wait it is changeable cause pest and disease damage, cause alkalization of soils serious using chicken manure year after year, it is easy to cause tree vigo(u)r weak.Time one
Long, old branch are gradually withered, and the longer shoot the thinner, bloom less and less, and fragrance is faded, and appreciation effect has been seriously affected.
It is generally acknowledged that Chinese rose rejuvenation is searched reason from liquid manure, trimming, maintenance etc. and is suited the remedy to the case.
In terms of liquid manure, then exclusion damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging first is applied fertilizer, it is considered that yellowing leaf is spent less, spends that small and branch is thin and delicate to be
The performance of fertilizer deficiency.The element lacked when fertilising for it adds fertilizer, while the other element fertilizers of compounding application, is somebody's turn to do with improving
The utilization rate of element.Preferably a small amount of for weak plant repeatedly thin fertilizer is diligent to be applied, and prevents fertilizer damage.
Trimming is divided into Summerly pruning and winter pruning.Summerly pruning is cut first is that cut off bennet, withered branch after spending in time
The stock tiller item sprouted except grafting plant base portion.Second is that split excessively colored annual shoot stays 8 to 12 after previous stubble blossom fall 20 days
A bud cutting back, to obtain the spray of high quality.Winter pruning is the abundant reflux in order to promote branches and leaves nutrient, Yu Shuanhou 3 to 4
Zhou Jinhang.Trimming total principle is to wipe out sick branch, thin and delicate branch, removes parallel school, overstocked branch, interior to branch, goes directly to stay tiltedly, weak tree
Weak school is cut by force, and tree vigorous branches light pruning is strengthened.
Maintenance aspect then includes prevention and treatment pest and disease damage.
There is only symptomatic treatment in existing rejuvenation method, without solving the problems, such as from source.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the rejuvenation methods that a kind of many years Radix Rehmanniae of significant effective plants Chinese rose.
The technical solution for realizing the object of the invention is a kind of rejuvenation method of many years Radix Rehmanniae cultivation Chinese rose, comprising the following steps:
1. detecting many years Radix Rehmanniae plants Chinese rose root soil situation.Soil sampling depth 20cm is surveyed according to the detection method of soil pH value
Obtaining soil is alkalinity;When EC is greater than 3, which needs to repair, and has been not suitable with Chinese rose growth needs.
2. the Chinese rose of rejuvenation will be needed to scoop away, soil improvement is carried out.
Successively spread from the bottom to top first on the plot after the Chinese rose that scoops away one layer of turf layer, one layer of dregs of beans, one layer it is compound micro-
Then 50 ± 5cm is ploughed deeply in above-mentioned plot by bio-fertilizer, turf layer, inorganic composite fertilizer layer are successively spread on the ground after ploughing deeply,
Then insecticidal bactericide is sprayed, completes soil improvement after leveling land;Multiple cropping Chinese rose is simultaneously watered.
3., according to growth time, carrying out growth period trimming and dormant pruning for the Chinese rose of step 2. multiple cropping.
4. the Chinese rose of step 2. multiple cropping every time after trimming, is planted Chinese rose over the ground and is applied fertilizer, the fertilizer applied is micro-
Biological compound fertilizer and/or inorganic composite fertilizer.
During Chinese rose rejuvenation reinforce pest and disease damage management, including in a first aspect, winter to Soil tillage, ploughed depth 50
±5cm;Second aspect, when winter pruning, cut sick branch, and fallen leaves, weeds, disease fruit processing in garden is clean, concentration burns,
It is buried;The third aspect applies preventive medicine according to the Growth season of pest and disease damage in advance.
1. step observes soil hardening situation, detection pH value and EC value, soil hardening, pH value are greater than 7 or EC value and are higher than 3
Soil, need to improve.
When step carries out soil improvement 2., on the plot after the Chinese rose that scoops away, 15~20kg of every square meter plot turf dosage,
3~5kg of dregs of beans dosage, 4~5kg of micro organism composite fertilizer dosage.
It is 15~20kg of every square meter plot turf dosage, inorganic on the ground after ploughing deeply when step carries out soil improvement 2.
0.3~0.5kg of compound fertilizer.
Step 4. in, for each residual flower trimming after Chinese rose, impose inorganic composite fertilizer, every square meter plot inorganic composite fertilizer
0.3~0.5kg of dosage;For the Chinese rose after the trimming of 8-9 month moderate, apply composite microbe fertilizer and inorganic composite fertilizer, ground plants the moon
Season uses 700~1400kg of composite microbe fertilizer per acre, uses 200~300kg of inorganic composite fertilizer.
The present invention has the effect of positive:
(1) it when the present invention plants Chinese rose progress rejuvenation to many years Radix Rehmanniae, focuses on soil improvement rather than applies fertilizer.
Chinese rose likes loose, fertile, ventilative, well-drained subacidity soil, loose ventilative soil and sufficient fertilizer
It tries hard to keep and has hindered the vigorous growing power of Chinese rose and flowering quality.Over time, soil layer sinks seriously, the low-lying easy ponding in place,
Turf and organic matter in soil rot to degrade substantially, and soil hardening situation is serious year by year, and Soil ventilation, water penetration reduce,
Cause Chinese rose root can not eupnea, nutrient delivery is obstructed, and influences Chinese rose normal growth.Although annual winter all applies enough
Fertilizer, often intertillage is loosened the soil, but can not be tackled the problem at its root.
When the present invention carries out soil improvement, Chinese rose is first dug out, 50cm or so is ploughed deeply digging out position, then backfills conditioned soil
Earth, Chinese rose multiple cropping is watered again after prepartion of land, fundamentally solves the problems, such as fertilizer deficiency.It joined grass in the improvement soil of backfill
Charcoal, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and soya-bean cake fertilizer, the degradation time of these organic matters is different, extends the soil fertilizer time.
(2) present invention also applied available fertilizer during Chinese rose rejuvenation, selection be composite microbe fertilizer and it is inorganic
The combination of compound fertilizer.Composite microbe fertilizer is that one kind easily makes loosing soil, malleable soil acidity or alkalinity, but the acidity that fertility is inadequate
Organic fertilizer solves the problems, such as that composite microbe fertilizer fertility is inadequate with the use of after inorganic composite fertilizer.
(3) present invention takes into account pruning and pest management, the moon on the basis of soil improvement and application available fertilizer
Season, spring plant growing way, the first planting spent colored diameter size, pattern, Hua Liang after rejuvenation, did not had with the Chinese rose without soil improvement more
Big difference, but under summer high temperature, the two difference is obvious, and the Chinese rose growing way after soil improvement is healthy and strong, and blade is strong, blooms and holds
It is continuous;It especially trims and applies fertilizer by summer moderate, the Chinese rose growing way of rejuvenation is better than non-rejuvenation, blooms significantly more than not multiple
Strong, and it is shorter from elapsed time of blooming is trimmed to.
Specific embodiment
So-called many years Radix Rehmanniae plants Chinese rose in the present invention, refers to that plant age 8 years or more ground plants Chinese rose.
Ground plants Chinese rose, is different from potting Chinese rose, is to plant Chinese rose in natural land.
(embodiment 1)
Many years Radix Rehmanniae plants Chinese rose and occurs that old branch are gradually withered, the longer shoot the thinner, less and less and fragrance of blooming fades this
When a little problems, Chinese rose crosses presenility in order to prevent, needs to be updated rejuvenation.
The many years Radix Rehmanniae of rejuvenation in the present embodiment plants Chinese rose and is located at Jiangsu Province Changzhou cercis park, and cercis park is Changzhou
Unique Chinese rose Botanical Garden has planted domestic and international nearly more than 1000 kinds in garden and has amounted to more than 15000 strain Chinese roses.The strain shortest moon in age
Have in season 8 years, longest Chinese rose has 13 years.
The many years Radix Rehmanniae of the present embodiment plants the rejuvenation method of Chinese rose, comprising the following steps:
1. detecting many years Radix Rehmanniae plants Chinese rose root soil situation, including hardened degree, pH value, EC value.
Visually, the present embodiment waits for that rejuvenation Chinese rose root soil is hardened serious.
Soil sampling depth 20cm, soil sample situation are glutinous heavy soil without rubble, measure soil according to the detection method of soil pH value
PH value be 7.58;EC(mS/cm) 45.8.The soil sample needs to repair, and has been not suitable with Chinese rose growth needs.
Soil acidity or alkalinity is divided into Pyatyi by China: highly acid soil (pH is less than 5), acid soil (pH5.0~6.5), neutral soil
(pH6.5~7.5), alkaline soil (pH7.5~8.5), strongly alkaline soil (pH is greater than 8.5).
Alkaline soil is unfavorable for Chinese rose growth, and Chinese rose likes loose, fertile, ventilative, well-drained subacidity soil.Soil
Become alkaline soil from faintly acid soil, it may be possible to make salinity increase in soil due to irrigation water saliferous and application alkaline fertilizer
At.After the salinization of soil, the osmotic pressure of the soil liquid increases, and soil body aeration, water penetration are deteriorated, and nutrient availability reduces, and makes
Normal growth is unable at plant.
2. the Chinese rose of rejuvenation will be needed to scoop away, start soil improvement:
Successively spread one layer of turf layer, one layer of dregs of beans, one layer of complex microorganism from the bottom to top first on the plot after the Chinese rose that scoops away
Fertilizer, every 2 bags of square meter plot turf dosage (every bag of weight in wet base 8kg), 3~5kg of dregs of beans dosage, 4~5kg of micro organism composite fertilizer dosage.
Then 50 ± 5cm is ploughed deeply into above-mentioned plot, turf layer, compound fertilizer's layer is successively spread on the ground after ploughing deeply, is often put down
2 bags of dosage of meter block turf (every bag of weight in wet base 8kg), inorganic composite fertilizer (N:P:K=16:16:16) 0.3~0.5kg, then spray
Insecticidal bactericide completes soil improvement after leveling land.Insecticide and fungicide are selected according to local pest and disease damage.
Multiple cropping Chinese rose is simultaneously watered.
By the soil of improvement, pH value 5.76, EC(mS/cm) 0.70,64.39 g/kg of organic matter.
Soil after improvement is weakly acidic, and loose ventilating drainage is good.
Soil EC value be for measuring soluble-salt concentration in solution, the solubility salt of high concentration can make plant by
Damage or cause the death of plant root.Soluble-salt content (EC value) is excessively high in matrix, may will form reverse osmotic pressure, by root
Moisture in system cements out, and makes tip of a root browning or withered.The soil EC value reference value of plant is after 0.5-3.0, improvement
Soil EC value is normal.
The content of organic matter reaches 60 or more, and explanation is fertile soil.
3., according to growth time, carrying out growth period trimming and dormant pruning for the Chinese rose of step 2. multiple cropping.
The trimming time in Chinese rose growth period of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, the trimming work during this was mainly in May~November
Residual flower is trimmed, Chinese rose result is avoided;It is trimmed in 8-9 month one more moderate, the purpose of moderate trimming is in order to which Chinese rose is on National Day
Period largely bursts forth.On the one hand the unnecessary consumption of tree nutrient is reduced;On the other hand, by controlling apical dominance, make Chinese rose root
The branch of tiller or stem lower part kryptoblast germination and growth becomes innovation shoot.
Chinese rose dormant period refers to New Year's Day later at the beginning of 2 months, and dormant pruning is to wipe out useless branch (the old and the weak's branch, is done sick branch
Deadwood, lateral branch, crossing branch, cella branch), 3-5 healthy and strong skeleton branches are generally retained according to the size of plant, every is at least stayed
Take 5 healthy and strong buds.If plant skeleton branch aging is serious, we can use root turion branch and the foundation portion branch of excessive growth is updated and replaces
It changes.It is appropriate to reject the root branch of excessive growth, weight cutting back is carried out, Chinese rose is forced to form vigorous branches or skeleton branch, thus maintains Chinese rose branch
Item, tree-like continuous renewal.
In Chinese rose growth course, to the bough artificially damaged, especially because the skeleton branch of moth stemness pest damage want and
When implement in cutting back or weight cutting back, force aggrieved branch lower part to sprout sprouting, form new branch.It needs to disinfect in alcohol before trimming to repair
Secateurs.Fine day trimming, the easily dry healing of wound, forbids the rainy day to trim, to prevent wound infection.The limb of branch marrow discoloration is downward
It cuts, cuts until branch marrow color is normal.
4. the Chinese rose of step 2. multiple cropping every time after trimming, is planted Chinese rose over the ground and is applied fertilizer.
For the Chinese rose after the trimming of each residual flower, inorganic composite fertilizer is imposed, every square meter plot inorganic composite fertilizer dosage 0.3~
0.5kg。
For the Chinese rose after the trimming of 8-9 month moderate, apply composite microbe fertilizer and inorganic composite fertilizer, ground plants Chinese rose to be made per acre
With 700~1400kg of composite microbe fertilizer, 200~300kg of inorganic composite fertilizer is used.
It is additional that the rainy day can be taken advantage of when fertilising, or is watered after applying.
Micro organism composite fertilizer used in the present embodiment is the complex microorganism of Jiangyin Lianye Biotechology Co., Ltd.
Fertilizer, registration number: microorganism fertilizer (2014) faces word (2285) number.
For 1. alkaline soil that step detects, when fertilising, does not use chicken manure, and chicken manure is easy to cause alkalization of soils serious.
In addition, reinforcing the management of pest and disease damage during Chinese rose rejuvenation.First aspect winter to Soil tillage, makes in the soil
The exposed earth's surface of overwintering pest freezes to death or is pecked at by natural enemy and reduce quantity, and ploughed depth is advisable with 50 ± 5 centimetres.It is turning over
Before can first impose fungicide and carry out disinfection.Second aspect cuts sick branch in conjunction with winter pruning, fallen leaves in garden, weeds,
Disease fruit processing is clean, and concentration burns, is buried, to reduce a large amount of pest and disease damages.The third aspect is mentioned according to the Growth season of pest and disease damage
Preceding application preventive medicine.
According to the method for the present embodiment, the blooming of the non-rejuvenation in Chinese rose difference of the same race plot and rejuvenation compares as follows:
For Chinese rose after rejuvenation, spring plant growing way, the first planting spend colored diameter size, pattern, Hua Liang, with the moon without soil improvement
Season is not much different, but according to the record of upper table, and under summer high temperature, the two difference is obvious, and the Chinese rose after soil improvement is long
Gesture is healthy and strong, and blade is strong, blooms and continues.It especially trims and applies fertilizer by summer moderate, the Chinese rose growing way of rejuvenation is better than not
Rejuvenation, significantly greater than non-rejuvenation of blooming, and it is shorter from elapsed time of blooming is trimmed to.
It compares unconspicuous in upper table, illustrates that the varietal adaptation is strong, it is of less demanding to soil.