CN112119858A - Efficient fertilization method for vine rose' Anjila - Google Patents

Efficient fertilization method for vine rose' Anjila Download PDF

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CN112119858A
CN112119858A CN202011002461.4A CN202011002461A CN112119858A CN 112119858 A CN112119858 A CN 112119858A CN 202011002461 A CN202011002461 A CN 202011002461A CN 112119858 A CN112119858 A CN 112119858A
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fertilizer
potassium
rose
vine
nitrogen
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CN112119858B (en
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秦俊
曾丽
刘智媛
杜习武
邢强
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Shanghai Wozhi Garden Technology Co ltd
SHANGHAI CHENSHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Wozhi Garden Technology Co ltd
SHANGHAI CHENSHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency fertilization method for vine China rose 'Anjila', which comprises the following steps: A. planting and cultivating the vine rose Angira, and applying a phosphate fertilizer during planting; B. applying additional nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer at intervals after cultivation. The method adopts the fertilizing amount as follows: applying 2.7-5.4 g of nitrogen, 1.05-2.1 g of phosphorus and 3.6-7.2 g of potassium to a single plant. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, under the open field cultivation condition, the landscape effect of the liana Chinese rose 'an Jila' can be obviously improved by the fertilizing method, and the purposes of increasing the flowering quantity and obviously improving the flowering quality can be achieved.

Description

Efficient fertilization method for vine rose' Anjila
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese rose cultivation, particularly relates to a fertilizing method for vine Chinese roses, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency fertilizing method for vine Chinese roses 'Anjila'.
Background
Vine rose 'angila' (Rosa cv. 'Angela') is a perennial rosaceous plant obtained in 1984 by crossing the parents Rosa cv. 'Yesterday' and Rosa cv. 'Peter Frankenfeld'. The flower has the characteristics of large flowering quantity, bright color, clustered and opened flowers, multi-season flowering, long flowering period and the like, and is widely applied to landscape landscaping such as flower walls, flower stands, galleries and the like. Along with the high development of the current urbanization, the contradiction between the construction land and the greening land is gradually obvious, and the lian Chinese rose has the advantages of high flowering quality and the like due to extensive management resistance, has gained more and more attention, and becomes an indispensable greening material in the current urban vertical greening.
At present, researches on the aspects of relevant cultivation mechanism, tissue culture, germplasm resource innovation and the like of cut-flower Chinese roses are mainly aimed at home and abroad, a mature maintenance management system is formed in the aspect of the cut-flower Chinese roses, but relatively few reports are reported on cultivation management and ornamental quality evaluation of the lian Chinese roses, and the ornamental quality of the anjira is seriously influenced due to the climate characteristics of high temperature, much rain and high humidity in midsummer of Yangtze river triangular regions, the 'anjira' flowering period of the lian Chinese roses is mainly concentrated in 4-5 months and 9-10 months, the flowering period is short, the autumn flowering amount is small, and the ornamental quality of the 'anjira' is seriously influenced, so that the nutrient requirement rule is explored through the proportion of different nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the landscape effect evaluation is carried out, the foundation is laid for optimizing the nutrient supply, forming scientific cultivation management regulations and the like, theoretical data are provided for regulating and controlling the 'anjira' quantity, The method has important significance in promoting the high-efficiency development of the vine rose industry.
Patent document CN108739037A describes a climbing vine rose cultivation method, which adopts a fertilization method that fertilization is performed in a planting period and then fertilization is performed in a later maintenance period, wherein the fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary composite thin liquid fertilizer in a ratio of 1:1:2 or 1:1:3, or a mixture ratio of 0.1-0.3% of urea and monopotassium phosphate. However, the fertilizing method has the problems of uncertain fertilizing time, inaccurate fertilizing amount, uncertain China rose varieties and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency fertilization method for the vine rose 'Anjila'. The method can provide an optimal fertilization formula and an optimal fertilization scheme, and can effectively improve the landscape effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-efficiency fertilization method for vine China rose 'Anjila', which comprises the following steps:
A. planting and cultivating the vine rose Angira, and applying a phosphate fertilizer during planting;
B. applying additional nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer at intervals after cultivation.
Preferably, in the step a, the culture medium used for cultivation is a mixed medium formed by peat, coconut coir and perlite. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other cultivated soil may be used.
The invention separately applies the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer can be absorbed by the plant after a period of nutrient conversion, if the phosphate fertilizer and other fertilizers are applied together after cultivation, the absorption efficiency of the plant is influenced, and the fertilizing effect is halved; the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer are used as quick-acting fertilizers, can be quickly transformed after being applied and are beneficial to plant absorption, but the components are applied under the appropriate growth condition in time, otherwise, the final fertilizing effect is influenced.
Preferably, the mixing ratio of the peat, the coconut coir and the perlite is 2:1: 1.
Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from potassium perphosphate, and the phosphate fertilizer is completely applied in the form of a base fertilizer during planting.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea and ammonium nitrate, and the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium chloride and potassium nitrate; the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in a water fertilizer mode, required fertilizer application elements are weighed by balance when the fertilizer is applied every time, the fertilizer elements are placed in a 250ml beaker, 200ml of distilled water is accurately poured into the beaker by using a measuring cylinder, and the water fertilizer is formed by stirring with a glass rod until the distilled water is completely dissolved.
The nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are analytically pure, but are not limited to ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium nitrate and other chemical reagents.
Preferably, the total application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is as follows: 2.7-5.4 g of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in single vine China rose Angira2O5) 1.05-2.1 g and potassium (K)2O) fertilizing with 3.6-7.2 g of total application amount.
Preferably, the total application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is as follows: every 1m3The culture medium contains 192.86-385.72 g of nitrogen (N) and P2O5) 75.00-150.00 g and potassium (K)2O) 257.14-514.28 g of total application amount for fertilization.
Preferably, in the step B, the fertilization interval is 25-30 days.
Preferably, in step B, the number of fertilization times of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 3, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied for the first time, the second time and the third time is 40%, 40% and 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied for the first time, the second time and the third time is 20%, 40% and 40% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer, respectively. In the 3-time fertilization, the N fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage, and the proper application can promote the greening of plant leaves, the greening of leaf areas and the growth of branches, thereby ensuring the vegetative growth of the plants. In the later period, potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, and a proper amount of potassium element can achieve the effects of prolonging the flowering period, increasing the flowering amount and enhancing the resistance of plants so as to ensure the reproductive growth of the plants.
Preferably, the first fertilization time is a period that red buds emerge from Anjara, the bud germination period is a vegetative growth period, nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used for promoting the germination and growth of new branches, and proper potassium fertilizers are used for enhancing the resistance of the new branches, such as in the middle and last ten days of 2 months; the second fertilization time is a period that the leaf color of the 'Angira' leaves is changed from light green to dark green, at the time, the leaves are in a leaf spreading period, and a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer are applied together to ensure that the leaves are greenish and the leaf area is increased, and meanwhile, nutrition preparation is made for flower bud differentiation of the leaves, for example, about 3 months and 20 days; and the third fertilization time is a period when a flower bud extends out of the leaves of the branch and the sepals on the outer surface are dark green, namely a growth and development period of the flower bud, and the potassium fertilizer is mainly used for promoting the growth and development of the flower bud so as to achieve the purposes of increasing the flowering quantity and prolonging the flowering period, such as about 4 months and 20 days.
Preferably, the vine rose 'anggila' is trimmed in winter before germination in early spring to remove diseased and dead branches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional fertilization technology, the invention provides the high-efficiency fertilization method for the vine rose 'Anjila', which can accurately fertilize the using amount, save the fertilization cost, reduce the fertilizer loss and effectively protect the environment.
2. The fertilizing method can simultaneously and obviously improve the landscape effect of the Chinese flowering rose Angira, and can achieve the purposes of increasing the flowering quantity and obviously improving the flowering quality by correctly fertilizing and obviously improving the landscape effect of the Chinese flowering rose Angira.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different NPK treatments on the 'Angira' leaf area of a vine rose;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different NPK treatments on the diameter of an 'Angira' single flower of a vine rose;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different NPK treatments on the number of single flowering branches of a vine rose 'Angira';
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of different NPK treatments on the number of flowering branches of a vine rose 'Angira';
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different NPK treatments on the number of flowers in a single vine 'Angira'.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example relates to a conventional fertilizing method for the vine rose 'anglera', which comprises the following steps:
planting the vine rose 'Anjila' on peat: coconut husk: perlite is mixed with a matrix of 2:1: 1; and then applying the compound fertilizer for 1 time every 25-30 days from the beginning of 3 months to the middle and last ten days of 4 months for three times, wherein the element proportion of the compound fertilizer is as follows: n P K15: 15:15, 40 grams per plant each time, 6g of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the applied compound fertilizer2O5)6g and potassium (K)2O)6g。
And (3) surveying the appearance and the form of the plants in the full-bloom stage, selecting 10 healthy plants without diseases and insect pests, and observing and measuring the average leaf area, the single-flower diameter, the number of flowering branches, the number of flowers in each branch and the number of flowers in each plant. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 vine rose 'Angira' appearance morphology data
Fertilization scheme Leaf area/cm2 Diameter/cm of single flower Number of flowering branches Number of blossoms per branch Number of flowers in the whole plant
Comparative example 1 91.72±18.84 4.77±2.04 8.7±1.05 10.3±3.34 84.3±19.6
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency fertilization method for a vine rose 'an Jila', which comprises the following steps:
A. selecting 2-year seedlings of the vine China rose Anjila as test plants, and planting and cultivating the test plants on peat: coconut husk: perlite is mixed with a matrix of 2:1: 1; pruning the test plant in winter before germination in early spring, and trimming diseased branches and dead branches; and applying all the calcium superphosphate in the form of base fertilizer during field planting cultivation (1 month and 20 days);
B. after cultivation, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is carried out in a water-fertilizer mode for three times: the first fertilization time is in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, red sprouts emerge from Anjara at the time, the nitrogen application amount accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the potassium application amount accounts for 20% of the total potassium application amount; the second fertilization time is about 3 months and 20 days, the leaf color of the leaves is changed from light green to dark green, the nitrogen application amount accounts for 40 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and the potassium application amount accounts for 40 percent of the total potassium application amount; the third fertilization time is about 4 months and 20 days, at the moment, the flower buds extend out of the leaves of the branches, the sepals on the outer surface are dark green, the nitrogen application amount accounts for 20 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and the potassium application amount accounts for 40 percent of the total potassium application amount.
Wherein, adoptThe urea (D) has an N content of 67%, and the calcium superphosphate has a P content2O516% by weight of potassium chloride containing K2The O content was 54%.
The fertilizing amount of each fertilizer adopted in this example is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 fertilizer application amount formula
Figure BDA0002694812670000041
Figure BDA0002694812670000051
Effect verification:
after the plants prepared in the example enter the full-bloom stage, the appearance and the shape of the plants are investigated, 10 healthy plants without diseases and insect pests are selected for each treatment, and the average leaf area, the single-flower diameter, the number of flowering branches per branch and the number of flowering branches per plant are observed and measured.
(1) And (3) taking the 3 rd compound leaf from the top to the bottom of the flowering branch at the upper part of the plant according to the average leaf area measurement, randomly taking 10 leaves, and calculating the leaf area by using a leaf area meter. The effect of different NPK treatments on the 'anghala' leaf area of the vine rose was as follows:
the test results are shown in fig. 1, and the difference between the different fertilization treatments is significant compared to the control treatment except for test group 2, test group 5 and test group 7. Wherein the leaf area of the test group 13 reaches the highest and is 49.92cm2But no significant difference from the fertilization treatments of test groups 3, 4, 8, 9, 11 and 12.
(2) For the average single flower diameter measurement, 10 full flowers were randomly taken with a ruler to measure the single flower diameter, and the average value was calculated. The effect of different NPK treatments on the diameter of the bougainvillea' single flowers of the vine rose was as follows:
as can be seen from fig. 2, the different NPK fertilization treatments had different effects on the single flower diameter of the vine rose 'anggilla', and the single flower diameter of the vine rose 'anggilla' treated by test group 1 was 4.18cm, which was significantly lower than that of the other fertilization treatments. The diameter of the single flower reaches the maximum of 5.72cm in the test group 3, but has no significant difference from the test group 12 and the test group 13.
(3) Counting the average number of flowers opened on a single branch, randomly taking 10 branches, counting the flowers on the branches, and calculating the average value. The effect of different NPK treatments on the number of single flowering branches of the vine rose 'angora' was as follows:
as can be seen from fig. 3, the influence of different NPK fertilization treatments on the number of flowering on each branch of the vine rose 'angora', the number of flowering on each plant was the lowest and was 7.5 in the control treatment, the number of flowering on each branch was the highest and was 36.1 in the test group 12, which was significantly increased by 481% as compared with the test group 1, and was significantly increased by 33.2 and 30.5 in the test groups 6 and 9, respectively, and by 442% and 406% as compared with the test group 1. Except for the test group 2 and the test group 7, the flowering number of the single branches of other fertilization treatments is obviously higher than that of the test group 1, which shows that most of NPK mixture ratio is beneficial to increasing the flowering number of the single branches.
(4) And counting the average number of the flowering branches, randomly selecting 10 plants to count the flowering branches of the plants, and calculating the average value. The effect of different NPK treatments on the number of flowering branches of the vine rose 'anghala' was as follows:
as can be seen from fig. 4, different NPK fertilization treatments have different effects on the number of flowering branches of the vine rose 'angora', wherein the number of flowering branches of test group 1 is the lowest and is 5.3 branches, the numbers of branches of test group 8 and test group 12 are 5.5 branches and 6.6 branches respectively, the difference from test group 1 is not significant, the number of flowering branches of test group 10 is the highest, and the average number of branches is 14.2 branches at this time, which is significantly higher than that of other fertilization treatments.
(5) Counting the number of flowers opened by a single plant, randomly taking 10 plants, counting the flowers opened by the whole plant, and calculating the average value. The effect of different NPK treatments on the number of flowering of a single vine rose 'angkla' plant was as follows:
as can be seen from FIG. 5, the influence of different NPK fertilization treatments on the flowering number of the single plant of the vine China rose Angira' is different, the flowering number of the single plant of the test group 1 is the lowest and is 39.75, the flowering number of the single plant of the test group 10 is the highest, and the flowering number of the single plant is 262.1 at this time, which is an effective 659% higher than that of the test group 1, but the flowering numbers of the single plants are 238.0, 258.0, 236.7, 238.26 and 245.4 which are not significantly different from those of the test group 3, 6, 9, 12 and 13.
The results of the above examples and comparative examples show that the conventional fertilization method in Shanghai areas enables the number of flowering branches to be centered, but cannot effectively increase the number of flowering single branches, and the formula fertilization effect in the method effectively improves the diameter of single flowers, the number of flowering single branches and the number of flowering whole plants, so that the flowering quality of the vine China rose 'Angira' can be remarkably improved, and the method has important significance in improving the landscape effect of the vine China rose and promoting the efficient development of the vine China rose industry.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An efficient fertilization method for vine rose 'Anjila' is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. planting and cultivating the vine rose Angira, and applying a phosphate fertilizer during planting;
B. applying additional nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer at intervals after cultivation.
2. The method for high-efficiency fertilization of an anggira' of a vine rose according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the culture medium adopted for cultivation is a mixed medium formed by peat, coconut coir and perlite.
3. The high-efficiency fertilization method of the lian China rose Angira' as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixing ratio of peat, coconut coir and perlite is 2:1: 1.
4. The method for efficiently fertilizing the vine rose 'angkla' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is selected from potassium perphosphate, and the phosphate fertilizer is completely applied in the form of base fertilizer during planting.
5. The method for high-efficiency fertilization of a vine rose 'angira' according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea and ammonium nitrate, and the potassium fertilizer is selected from potassium chloride and potassium nitrate; the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in a water fertilizer mode, and the required fertilizer elements are weighed and placed in 200ml of distilled water to be completely dissolved to form the water fertilizer each time the fertilizer is applied.
6. The efficient fertilizing method for the vine rose 'angira' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is as follows: 2.7-5.4 g of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in single vine China rose Angira2O5) 1.05-2.1 g and potassium (K)2O) fertilizing with 3.6-7.2 g of total application amount.
7. The efficient fertilizing method for the vine rose 'angira' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total amount of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is as follows: every 1m3The culture medium contains 192.86-385.72 g of nitrogen (N) and P2O5) 75.00-150.00 g and potassium (K)2O) 257.14-514.28 g of total application amount for fertilization.
8. The method for efficiently fertilizing the vine rose 'Angira' according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the fertilizing interval is 25-30 days.
9. The method for high-efficiency fertilization of a vine rose 'angkla' as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein in step B, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are fertilized 3 times, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the first time, the second time and the third time respectively in an amount of 40%, 40% and 20% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is applied for the first time, the second time and the third time respectively in an amount of 20%, 40% and 40% of the total amount of the potassium fertilizer.
10. The efficient fertilization method of the vine rose 'angkla' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vine rose 'angkla' is subjected to winter pruning to remove diseased and dead branches before germination in early spring.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN104429262A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-03-25 南京行知景观设计有限公司 Fertilizing method of China rose
CN105052477A (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-11-18 洪泽爱食派水产有限公司 Rose planting method helpful for improving output and quality
CN106631297A (en) * 2015-11-02 2017-05-10 重庆安尚园农业科技发展有限公司 A method of preparing a base fertilizer specially used for Chinese rose
CN109496661A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-22 常州市红梅公园管理处(常州市月季研究所) The rejuvenation method of many years Radix Rehmanniae cultivation Chinese rose

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