CN109348807A - Applying fruit trees with fertilizer method - Google Patents
Applying fruit trees with fertilizer method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109348807A CN109348807A CN201811332535.3A CN201811332535A CN109348807A CN 109348807 A CN109348807 A CN 109348807A CN 201811332535 A CN201811332535 A CN 201811332535A CN 109348807 A CN109348807 A CN 109348807A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer method is provided, this method is marked fruit tree, measures, compares, and formulates special plan of fertilizer application, and the indexs such as fertilization mode, dose, amount of makeup water all adjust as the case may be.Being identical for the supply of demand and fertilizer of the fruit tree to nutrient can be reached, improve high efficiency that fruit tree absorbs fertilizer nutrient and fertilizer for the contribution rate of output of the fruit tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer method.
Background technique
In the growth course of crop, need to absorb the various mineral nutrient elements of a large amount of such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium from soil,
To maintain its normal growth and development, its life course is completed.In modern agricultural systemof production, since anthropogenic soil is in crops
The mineral nutrient element that Growing season can be supplied to crop absorption is limited, therefore, provides suitable mineral by fertilising for crop and supports
Dividing element is to ensure one of crop yield, essential measure of quality, and according to statistics, fertilizer is reachable to the contribution rate of crop yield
30% or more.
In the prior art, basic skills is to a collection of fruit tree while to apply fertilizer, by fertilizer by way of solid or aqueous solution,
It is one or many to be mixed into whole topsoils, for crop root absorption.But such fertilization mode will cause several
Unfavorable situation: with a batch fruit tree since demand of the individual difference to fertilizer is also different, batch fertilising will cause some fruits
Set burn seedlings, the inadequate phenomenon of nutrient supply needed for some fruit trees；Nutrient distribution is uneven in soil, can deposit in a short time after fertilising
In high local concentrations, within remaining long period, concentration of fertilizer is again well below suitable concentration needed for fruit tree normal growth；Crop
The supply of demand and fertilizer to nutrient is difficult to be identical, to be difficult to reach the effect that crop efficient absorption utilizes fertilizer
Fruit.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer methods, and this method is to fruit tree
It is marked, measures, compares, formulate special plan of fertilizer application, the supply of demand and fertilizer of the fruit tree to nutrient can be reached
It is identical, improves high efficiency that fruit tree absorbs fertilizer nutrient and fertilizer for the contribution rate of output of the fruit tree.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer method is provided, comprising the following steps:
S1: fruit tree is marked after fruit tree field planting；
S2: fruit tree real time data is measured every a preset time；
S3: fruit tree real time data is compared with planting fruit trees normal data；
S4: fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, formulate plan of fertilizer application；
Fruit tree real time data is consistent with planting fruit trees normal data, repeats step S2 and S3.
The fruit tree real time data of the step S2 measurement is soil nurtient supply quantity and/or soil moisture supply amount.The step
Standard nutrient content needed for normally planting soil nurtient supply quantity and fruit tree in rapid S3 is compared, and/or soil moisture is supplied
Standard quantity of water needed for normally planting with fruit tree should be measured to be compared.In above scheme, fruit tree is marked first, after being conducive to
Continuous DATA REASONING, and the implementation of specific plan of fertilizer application.Second step every a preset time, measure soil nurtient supply quantity and
Or soil moisture supply amount, preset time are adjusted according to the difference of fruit variety, generally one to three month.Record fruit tree
Real time data facilitates subsequent be compared.Third step, standard nutrient needed for soil nurtient supply quantity and fruit tree are normally planted contain
Amount is compared, and/or soil moisture supply amount is normally planted required standard quantity of water with fruit tree and is compared.Finally, comparing logarithm
According to fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, formulate plan of fertilizer application；Fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees mark
Quasi- data are consistent, repeat step S2 and S3.
In the program, fruit tree is marked respectively, is measured, compared, obtain fruit tree real time data, it is real-time further according to fruit tree
Data formulate specific plan of fertilizer application, have accomplished being identical for fruit tree nutrient demand amount and supply amount of fertilizer, have improved fruit tree pair
Fertilizer nutrient absorb high efficiency and fertilizer for output of the fruit tree contribution rate.
In step s 4 when fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, formulation plan of fertilizer application has following
Two kinds of situations:
When the standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is greater than soil nurtient supply quantity, dose is set to
A, dose A (kg)=(required standard nutrient content-soil nurtient supply quantity)/(fertilizer nutrient content × utilization rate), field planting
Year is less than or equal to 2 years, every 1-2 months fertilising A kg, and field planting year was greater than 2 years less than 4 years, every 3-4 months fertilising A kg,
4 years or more after field planting, the annual A kg that applies fertilizer, frequency is every 4 months fertilising A/3kg；Such situation irrigation amount is normal kind of fruit tree
Standard quantity of water needed for planting.It is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Amount of makeup water is set to by the standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted when soil nurtient supply quantity
B, amount of makeup water B (kg)=[(soil moisture supply amount-required standard quantity of water)/required standard quantity of water+1] × required standard water
Amount, field planting year are less than or equal to 2 years, and every 1-2 months supplement water is no less than B kg, and field planting year was greater than 2 years less than 4 years, every 3-4
Supplement water is no less than B kg within a month, and 4 years or more after field planting, annual amount of makeup water is no less than B kg, and such situation does not need to apply
Fertilizer.It is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
There are practical amount of makeup water B ' (kg) and daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon), practical amount of makeup water B ' and amount of makeup water
B, there are following relationships for daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon):
B '=B+B × 5% (3≤m < 5)
B '=B+B × 10% (5≤m < 10)
B '=B+B × 15% (10≤m≤15)
Due to during practical planting fruit trees, because day note has made the moisture of moisture and manual watering in soil
Evaporation, therefore there is practical amount of makeup water B ' (kg), practical amount of makeup water has corresponding with daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon)
Quantitative relation, when daily irrigation times are more, evaporation capacity is bigger, and practical amount of makeup water will increased.
It is colonized year and is less than or equal to 1 year using fertilization method is filled, surrounding at the circumference that fruit tree diameter is 40-60cm,
Even to dig the waste pit that 8-12 depth is 30-40cm, the waste pit is tilted to fruit tree direction, and tilt angle is in vertical direction
10°-15°.It is colonized year and is greater than 1 year using aqueous solution spraying, fertilizer is placed in the flusher with several eyelets,
And in said device plus water, then by the aqueous solution containing fertilizer it spills around the fruit tree in the range of 40-60cm.
It is colonized year to be less than or equal to 1 year, fruit tree root system is few and weak, it is therefore desirable to provide a large amount of mineral nutrient member for it
Element, fertilising repeatedly will be applied frequently, and to fill fertilization method, waste pit is circularly and evenly distributed around fruit tree, applies the fertilizing method used
It is fertile uniform, it is excessive not will cause local fertilizer amount.Waste pit is tilted to fruit tree direction, and the depth with 30-40cm, is conducive to
Depths root system absorbs.Year is colonized to be greater than 1 year, fruit tree root system is gradually flourishing, using operating simpler aqueous solution spraying,
Fertilizer is placed in the flusher with several eyelets, and adds water, the model of 40-60cm around fruit tree in said device
Enclose uniform sprinkling.
There are daily irrigation amount C, the aqueous solution total amount containing fertilizer+daily irrigation amount C+ amount of makeup water B=fruit tree
It is normal to plant required standard quantity of water.When using aqueous solution spraying, need to add water amount of water to have certain want in flusher
It asks, it is ensured that: mark needed for the aqueous solution total amount containing fertilizer+daily irrigation amount C+ amount of makeup water B=fruit tree is normally planted
Quasi- water.
The concentration that year after field planting is less than or equal to 2 years aqueous solutions containing fertilizer is set to β1, field planting year is greater than two
The concentration of year aqueous solution containing fertilizer is set to β2, β2:β1=10:6~10:4.It is colonized year to be greater than 2 years, fruit tree root system is gradually
Prosperity, when using aqueous solution spraying, the concentration of the aqueous solution containing fertilizer is increased than before.
Year is less than or equal to 2 years after field planting, and the fertilizer that uses of applying fertilizer is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer combine answering of being formed
Hefei, the proportion of fertilizer are nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphorus potash fertilizer=8:2~9:1；It is colonized year to be greater than 2 years, the fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is phosphorus
Potash fertilizer.Year is less than or equal to 2 years after field planting, and root system is few and weak, applies fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, matches a small amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer.It is big to be colonized year
In 2 years, phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
This method is marked fruit tree, measures, compares, and formulates special plan of fertilizer application, fertilization mode, dose, benefit
The indexs such as filled water amount all adjust as the case may be.The height kiss of the supply of demand and fertilizer of the fruit tree to nutrient can be reached
It closes, improves high efficiency that fruit tree absorbs fertilizer nutrient and fertilizer for the contribution rate of output of the fruit tree.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.
90 apple trees are chosen as research object, every 30 are one group, are respectively labeled as X1~X30、Y1~Y30And Z1~
Z30.To X1~X30Using the applying fruit trees with fertilizer method in the present invention, to Y1~Y30Applying for topsoil is mixed into using solid fertilizer
Fertile method, to Z1~Z30The fertilizing method of topsoil is mixed into using aqueous fertilizer solution.
To X1~X30Using the applying fruit trees with fertilizer method in the present invention:
S1: fruit tree is marked after fruit tree field planting；
S2: fruit tree real time data is measured every a preset time；
S3: fruit tree real time data is compared with planting fruit trees normal data；
S4: fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, formulate plan of fertilizer application；
Fruit tree real time data is consistent with planting fruit trees normal data, repeats step S2 and S3.
The fruit tree real time data of the step S2 measurement is soil nurtient supply quantity and/or soil moisture supply amount.The step
Standard nutrient content needed for normally planting soil nurtient supply quantity and fruit tree in rapid S3 is compared, and/or soil moisture is supplied
Standard quantity of water needed for normally planting with fruit tree should be measured to be compared.
In above scheme, fruit tree is marked first, is conducive to subsequent DATA REASONING, and specific plan of fertilizer application
Implement.Second step measures soil nurtient supply quantity and/or soil moisture supply amount, preset time is according to fruit every a preset time
The difference of tree kind is adjusted, and generally one to three month.Record fruit tree real time data facilitates subsequent be compared.Third
Soil nurtient supply quantity and fruit tree normally plants required standard nutrient content and are compared by step, and/or by soil moisture supply
Standard quantity of water needed for amount is normally planted with fruit tree is compared.Finally, passing through comparison data, fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees
Normal data is inconsistent, formulates plan of fertilizer application；Fruit tree real time data is consistent with planting fruit trees normal data, repeat step S2 and
S3.In the program, fruit tree is marked respectively, is measured, compared, fruit tree real time data is obtained, further according to fruit tree real time data
Specific plan of fertilizer application is formulated, has accomplished being identical for fruit tree nutrient demand amount and supply amount of fertilizer, has improved fruit tree to fertilizer
The contribution rate of the high efficiency of Nutrient Absorption and fertilizer for output of the fruit tree.
In step s 4 when fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, formulation plan of fertilizer application has following
Two kinds of situations:
When the standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is greater than soil nurtient supply quantity, dose is set to
A, dose A (kg)=(required standard nutrient content-soil nurtient supply quantity)/(fertilizer nutrient content × utilization rate), field planting
Year is less than or equal to 2 years afterwards, every 1-2 months fertilising A kg, and year was greater than 2 years less than 4 years after field planting, every 3-4 months fertilising A
Kg, 4 years or more after field planting, the annual A kg that applies fertilizer, frequency is every 4 months fertilising A/3kg；Such situation irrigation amount be fruit tree just
Standard quantity of water needed for often planting.It is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
When the standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is less than soil nurtient supply quantity, amount of makeup water is determined
For B, amount of makeup water B (kg)=[(soil moisture supply amount-required standard quantity of water)/required standard quantity of water+1] × required standard water
Amount, year is less than or equal to 2 years after field planting, and supplement water is no less than B kg within every 1-2 months, and year was greater than 2 years less than 4 years after field planting,
Supplement water is no less than B kg within every 3-4 months, and 4 years or more after field planting, annual amount of makeup water is no less than B kg, and such situation is not required to
It applies fertilizer.It is as shown in table 4:
Table 4
There are practical amount of makeup water B ' (kg) and daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon), practical amount of makeup water B ' and amount of makeup water
B, there are following relationships for daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon):
B '=B+B × 5% (3≤m < 5)
B '=B+B × 10% (5≤m < 10)
B '=B+B × 15% (10≤m≤15)
Due to during practical planting fruit trees, because day note has made the moisture of moisture and manual watering in soil
Evaporation, therefore there is practical amount of makeup water B ' (kg), practical amount of makeup water has corresponding with daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon)
Quantitative relation, when daily irrigation times are more, evaporation capacity is bigger, and practical amount of makeup water will increased.
It is colonized year and is less than or equal to 1 year using fertilization method is filled, surrounding at the circumference that fruit tree diameter is 40-60cm,
Even to dig the waste pit that 8-12 depth is 30-40cm, the waste pit is tilted to fruit tree direction, and tilt angle is in vertical direction
10°-15°.It is colonized year and is greater than 1 year using aqueous solution spraying, fertilizer is placed in the flusher with several eyelets,
And in said device plus water, then by the aqueous solution containing fertilizer it spills around the fruit tree in the range of 40-60cm.
It is colonized year to be less than or equal to 1 year, fruit tree root system is few and weak, it is therefore desirable to provide a large amount of mineral nutrient member for it
Element, fertilising repeatedly will be applied frequently, and to fill fertilization method, waste pit is circularly and evenly distributed around fruit tree, applies the fertilizing method used
It is fertile uniform, it is excessive not will cause local fertilizer amount.Waste pit is tilted to fruit tree direction, and the depth with 30-40cm, is conducive to
Depths root system absorbs.Year is greater than 1 year after field planting, and fruit tree root system is gradually flourishing, is sprayed using simpler aqueous solution is operated
Fertilizer is placed in the flusher with several eyelets by method, and adds water, the 40-60cm around fruit tree in said device
Range uniformly spray.
There are daily irrigation amount C, the aqueous solution total amount containing fertilizer+daily irrigation amount C+ amount of makeup water B=fruit tree
It is normal to plant required standard quantity of water.When using aqueous solution spraying, need to add water amount of water to have certain want in flusher
It asks, it is ensured that: mark needed for the aqueous solution total amount containing fertilizer+daily irrigation amount C+ amount of makeup water B=fruit tree is normally planted
Quasi- water.
The concentration that year after field planting is less than or equal to 2 years aqueous solutions containing fertilizer is set to β1, field planting year is greater than two
The concentration of year aqueous solution containing fertilizer is set to β2, β2:β1=10:6~10:4.It is colonized year to be greater than 2 years, fruit tree root system is gradually
Prosperity, when using aqueous solution spraying, the concentration of the aqueous solution containing fertilizer is increased than before.
Year is less than or equal to 2 years after field planting, and the fertilizer that uses of applying fertilizer is that nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer combine answering of being formed
Hefei, the proportion of fertilizer are nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphorus potash fertilizer=8:2~9:1；It is colonized year to be greater than 2 years, the fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is
Phosphorus potash fertilizer.Year is less than or equal to 2 years after field planting, and root system is few and weak, applies fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, matches a small amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer.It is colonized year
Greater than 2 years, phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied.
To Y1~Y30It is mixed into the fertilizing method of topsoil using solid fertilizer: solid fertilizer is mixed into farming several times
Layer soil.
To Z1~Z30It is mixed into the fertilizing method of topsoil using aqueous fertilizer solution: aqueous fertilizer solution will be contained and repeatedly sprayed
Enter topsoil.
Above-mentioned three groups of experimental result is compared, as shown in table 5:
Table 5
| Fruit number | Fruit size | The fruit tree death rate |
| X > Y > Z | X > Z > Y | X < Z < Y |
It is compared and is found by result above, the fruit tree growth situation under this method effect is better, fruit number and fruit
For real size obviously due to existing there are two types of fertilizing method, the fruit tree death rate is also lower.This method is marked fruit tree, measures, comparing
It is right, special plan of fertilizer application is formulated, the indexs such as fertilization mode, dose, amount of makeup water all adjust as the case may be.It can reach
The supply of demand and fertilizer to fruit tree to nutrient is identical, improve high efficiency that fruit tree absorbs fertilizer nutrient and
Contribution rate of the fertilizer for output of the fruit tree.
It obviously, is not limitation of the invention although the present invention is disclosed with above-described embodiment.Any this field it is general
Logical technical staff without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make possible variation on the basis of the above description
And modification.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the range that claims of the present invention is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: fruit tree is marked after fruit tree field planting；
S2: fruit tree real time data is measured every a preset time；
S3: fruit tree real time data is compared with planting fruit trees normal data；
S4: if fruit tree real time data and planting fruit trees normal data are inconsistent, plan of fertilizer application is formulated, and apply fertilizer according to schedule；
If fruit tree real time data is consistent with planting fruit trees normal data, step S2 and S3 are repeated.
2. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fruit tree real time data of the step S2 measurement
For soil nurtient supply quantity and/or soil moisture supply amount.
3. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by soil nurtient supply quantity in the step S3
Standard nutrient content needed for normally planting with fruit tree is compared, and/or soil moisture supply amount and fruit tree are normally planted institute
Standard quantity of water is needed to be compared.
4. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 4, if fruit tree real time data with
Planting fruit trees normal data is inconsistent, then formulates plan of fertilizer application, comprising:
When the standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is greater than soil nurtient supply quantity, dose is set to A, is applied
Fertilizer amount A (kg)=(required standard nutrient content-soil nurtient supply quantity)/(fertilizer nutrient content × utilization rate) is colonized year
Less than or equal to 2 years, every 1-2 months fertilising A kg, field planting year was greater than 2 years less than 4 years, every 3-4 months fertilising A kg, such feelings
Condition irrigation amount is standard quantity of water needed for fruit tree is normally planted；The standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is less than soil
When earth nutrient supply amount, amount of makeup water is set to B, amount of makeup water B (kg)=[(soil moisture supply amount-required standard quantity of water)/
Required standard quantity of water+1] × required standard quantity of water, field planting year is less than or equal to 2 years, and supplement water is no less than B kg within every 1-2 months,
It is colonized year and is greater than 2 years less than 4 years, supplement water is no less than B kg within every 3-4 months, and such situation does not need to apply fertilizer.
5. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 4, if fruit tree real time data with
Planting fruit trees normal data is inconsistent, then formulates plan of fertilizer application, comprising:
The standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is greater than soil nurtient supply quantity, and dose is set to A, applies fertilizer
A (kg)=(required standard nutrient content-soil nurtient supply quantity)/(fertilizer nutrient content * utilization rate) is measured, field planting year is greater than
Equal to 4 years, the annual A kg that applies fertilizer, frequency was every 4 months fertilising A/3kg；
The standard nutrient content needed for measured fruit tree is normally planted is less than soil nurtient supply quantity, and amount of makeup water is set to B, mends
Filled water amount B (kg)=[(soil moisture supply amount-required standard quantity of water)/required standard quantity of water+1] × required standard quantity of water, it is fixed
It plants year to be more than or equal to 4 years, annual amount of makeup water is no less than B kg.
6. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that there are practical amount of makeup water B ' (kg) and daily
Irrigation times m (secondary/moon), practical amount of makeup water B ' and amount of makeup water B, there are following relationships by daily irrigation times m (secondary/moon):
B '=B+B × 5% (3≤m < 5)
B '=B+B × 10% (5≤m < 10)
B '=B+B × 15% (10≤m≤15)
7. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method described in any one of -6 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that field planting year is less than or equal to
Using landfill fertilization method, at the circumference that fruit tree diameter is 40-60cm, uniformly digging 8-12 depth is 30-40cm's within 1 year
Waste pit, the waste pit are tilted to fruit tree direction, and tilt angle and vertical direction are in 10 ° -15 °；
It is colonized year and is greater than 1 year using aqueous solution spraying, fertilizer is placed in the flusher with several eyelets, and
In described device plus water, then the aqueous solution containing fertilizer spilt around the fruit tree in the range of 40-60cm.
8. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described to contain fertilizer there are daily irrigation amount C
Aqueous solution total amount+daily irrigation amount C+ amount of makeup water B=fruit tree normally plant required standard quantity of water.
9. applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that field planting year is less than or equal to 2 years containing fertilizer
The concentration of the aqueous solution of material is set to β1, concentration of the year greater than 2 years aqueous solutions containing fertilizer will be colonized and be set to β2, β2:β1=
10:6~10:4.
10. the applying fruit trees with fertilizer method according to any one of claim 7, which is characterized in that after field planting year be less than etc.
In 2 years, the fertilizer used that applies fertilizer was nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer combine the compound fertilizer to be formed, and the proportion of fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer: phosphorus
Potash fertilizer=8:2~9:1；It is colonized year to be greater than 2 years, the fertilizer used that applies fertilizer is phosphorus potash fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110741795A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-04 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Facility crop fertilization method and system based on in-situ soil nutrient concentration |
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Application publication date: 20190219 |