CN106550641A - Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method - Google Patents
Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application is related to a kind of Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method, it is first determined collecting unit and collection point, subsequently carries out soil and leaf harvest in the collection point demarcated；Nutrient contained by pedotheque and leaf sample is measured；The data for determining nutritive element content are processed using statistical analysis software simultaneously, obtain the dependency between different soils quality, different productive phase wolfberry orchard Fructus Lycii Leaf nutrient contents and 20～60cm soil layer soil nutrient contents；Finally according to 20 60cm soil N, P, K and middle and trace element Different Nutrients content measuring value, with reference to the corresponding nutrient measured value of blade, calculating acquisition whole year needs dose, solid regulation of fertilizer requirement is grown according to Fructus Lycii year simultaneously, determine N, P, K allocation proportion and its corresponding dose in each fertilizer application period, the final administration kind for determining the fertilizer such as different soils quality, different productive phase wolfberry orchard nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace element, quantity, fertilizing time.The application can effectively improve yield of medlar.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to one kind based on soil testing and manuring field trial, is supplied according to crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, soil
Fertile performance and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application organic fertilizer, propose the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace element
Apply kind, quantity, the application process of fertilizing time.
Background technology
Fructus Lycii is the multi-branched shrub plant of Solanaceae Lycium, and fruit is referred to as Fructus Lycii.Containing abundant nutrition in fruit
Element, such as：Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, glycine betaine, several amino acids and vitamin, abundant carotenoid and trace element etc., are us
The famous and precious Chinese medicine of state, has functions that nourishing liver and kidney, replenishing vital essence to improve eyesight and adjusts immunity of organisms, slow down aging, anti-cellulite
Liver, prevention and suppress tumor, prevention of arterial is atherosis, antioxidation and the synthesis important physiology such as precursor as vitamin A
Function, is widely used in the diseases such as defying age, antitumor, anti-cardiovascular.It can be seen that, Fructus Lycii has the medical value and Jing of Chinese medicine
Ji value.
At present, traditional fertilization mode is continued to use in the most of fertilising of Fructus Lycii, and fertilizer is passed through solid or aqueous solution
Form, one or many are mixed into whole or local soil, so that Fructus Lycii root system is absorbed.Continue to use this single traditional fertilising
There is following defect in mode：First, the nutritional labeling such as the general nitrogen only focused in supplementary soil of fertilising, phosphorus, potassium, and ignore to soil
Other nutritional labelings such as magnesium, ferrum, zinc etc. in earth supplement, so that various nutritional labelings are unbalanced in soil, soil fertility is not good enough；Its
Two, custom irrational formula is simply continued to use during fertilising, is caused P in soil H-number higher or lower, is not suitable for the growth of Fructus Lycii；Its
Three, the mode of custom is continued to use during fertilising, is applied fertilizer in soil, and corresponding fertilizer is not sprayed to blade face, can be to the tip of Fructus Lycii
The growth of flower, fruit etc. has a negative impact, so as to cause the yield of Fructus Lycii not high, poor quality.
In prior art, the Chinese invention patent application of Application No. 2011103227599.6 is " a kind of to improve more than 5 years
The fertilizing method of age of tree yield of medlar " proposes following fertilizing method, including more than 5 years is set to autumn fruiting period after soil thaws
Age Fructus Lycii carries out buried fertilizer, and coming into bloom to summer fruit collection period carries out foliage spray fertilizer to more than 5 years age of tree Fructus Lyciis.Should
Fertilizing method significantly reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, significantly improves the yield of more than 5 years age of tree Fructus Lyciis, has protection to soil
Effect.Also similar with this kind of method fertilizing method, for example：The Chinese invention patent Shen of Application No. 201510286042.0
Please " a kind of first years of a historical period fertilizing method of Fructus Lycii rich in selenium "；The Chinese invention patent application of Application No. 201410599279.X is " a kind of
The fertilizing method of Fructus Lycii "；Chinese invention patent application " Fructus Lycii composite fertilizer special, micro- fertilizer of Application No. 200610149036.1
And its application process ", which is that N, P, K fertilizer for imposing different amounts according to different growth periods to Fructus Lycii strain carries out zanjon
Fertilising, foliage spray operation, but these methods are effectively applied fertilizer not according to the soil environment of growth, the age of tree of plant, so as to
The situation generation that fertilising is excessive or applies fertilizer not enough is may result in, and then affects Fructus Lycii growth, and be possible to meeting contaminated soil.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is to propose one kind based on soil testing and manuring field trial, needs fertilizer rule according to crop
Rule, fertilizer provision from soil performance and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application organic fertilizer, propose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and in, micro unit
The administration kind of the fertilizer such as element, quantity, the fertilizing method of fertilizing time.
What the purpose of the application was realized in：Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, determine collecting unit and collection point：Select some different soils texture types, the Chinese holly of different development stage Fructus Lycii
Qi Biaozhunyuan is used as comparison object；
Step 2, sample collecting：Respectively at annual early April (budding period in spring), early June (summer fruit fruit expanding period), August
The first tenday period of a month (summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period) and late September (fruit harvesting later stage in autumn), soil and blade are carried out in the sampled point demarcated
Collection；
Step 3, nutrient contained by pedotheque and leaf sample is measured：To alkaline hydrolysis N content in pedotheque, have
Machine matter content, available P content, active potassic content, effective Zn, Fe, Mn content and effective B content are measured；To in leaf sample
Full N content, full P content, full K contents and Ca, Mg, B content are measured；
Step 4, the data processing for determining nutritive element content：With in pedotheque, each nutrient measured value is as independent variable X：N
(X1), P (X2), K (X3), Ca (X4), Mg (X5), B (X6), with same period blade, identical nutrient measured value is as dependent variable Y：
N (Y1), P (Y2), K (Y3), Ca (Y4), Mg (Y5), B (Y6), carry out data processing and mapping using related software, using correlation
Software carries out variance analyses and Duncan methods carry out multiple comparative test, selects method of gradual regression, to leaf sample and soil-like
The surveyed nutritive element content of product carries out multilinear fitting regression analyses, then the selected model row drawn to software analysis compares,
, equation F inspection significance preferable to the wherein equation of linear regression goodness of fit is higher, carries out multiple linear regression modeling, most
The relational model between dependent variable and independent variable is determined eventually；Obtain different soils quality, different productive phase wolfberry orchard Fructus Lycii blades to support
The dependency divided between content and 20～60cm soil layer soil nutrient contents；
Step 5, according to gained different soils quality, different productive phase 20～60cm of wolfberry orchard soil layer soil nutrient in step 4
Assay value, with reference to the corresponding nutrient measured value of blade, combining target yield and nutrient balance method and the growth of Fructus Lycii year are needed
Fertile rule determines the administration kind of the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace element, quantity, fertilizing time.
Due to implementing above-mentioned technical proposal, the application is according to the soil nutrient status to each Fructus Lycii standard garden, the age of tree, target
The calculating of yield, draws the recommended fertilizer in each standard garden.Suitable Fructus Lycii target output is determined first, then with soil nutrient
Measured value Condition of abundance or deficiency come determine the need for fertilising, when the Relationship with other Nutrient Elements content in soil less than its growth required for
During limting concentration, then need fertilising to supplement the nutrient, should not otherwise apply fertilizer；Last root needs fertilizer rule according to the growth of Fructus Lycii year is solid
Rule, determines allocation proportion and its corresponding dose of the fertilizer in annual each fertilizer application period, and makes accordingly corresponding with fertile scheme.
The application fertilization time, consumption rationally, can effectively improve yield of medlar, the intraindividual soluble solid of Fructus Lycii,
The content with nutritive value such as total sugar, protein, aminoacid, lycium barbarum polysaccharide has lifting, so as to improve Fructus Lycii individuality quality.
Specific embodiment
The application is not limited by following embodiments, can be determined with practical situation according to the technical scheme of the application concrete
Embodiment
Embodiment：Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, determine collecting unit and collection point：Select some different soils texture types, the Chinese holly of different development stage Fructus Lycii
Qi Biaozhunyuan is as comparison object；
In the application, test plot is respectively with Jinghe County's ' smart Qi one ' Zhu Zai areas different soils texture type, different development stage
Fructus Lycii is comparison object；The concrete overview in collection point such as table 1；
The experimental field basic situation of table 1
Table1 Basic situation of tested area
The tree-shaped in 4 selected Fructus Lycii standard gardens is that nature is semi-circular, and management level are medium on the upper side, forest form is neat, disease pest danger
Evil is relatively light, while carrying out type strain sampling selecting in each standard garden diagonally and layouting using serpentine, road is avoided during sampling
The privileged sites such as side, ridge, limes marginis, fertile heap, select 10 plants of representative strains per standard garden, it is desirable to the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, tree body health, and leaf color is just
Often, yield is moderate, and no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage simultaneously take into account region, and GPS location is used in each standard garden respectively, and demarcates each garden standard
The geographical coordinate of strain sampled point.
Step 2, sample collecting：Respectively at early April (budding period in spring), early June, (summer fruit is really within 2012,2013
Real expanding stage), early August (summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period) and late September (fruit harvesting later stage in autumn), click through in the sampling demarcated
Row soil and leaf harvest；
A, collecting soil sample：Diagonally layout by " S " type in each Fructus Lycii standard garden and choose 10 plants of sampling tree, at per plant
In the range of crown mapping, collection soil sample at the 2/3 of tree crown edge is extended outwardly into trunk as the center of circle, with direct north as first
Sample point, respectively with 0～20cm and 20～60cm depth carries out 8 sampling point Stratified Samplings every 45 degree of directions along tree body, by 8
The soil sample of sampling branch same depth is mixed, i.e. 0～20cm depth, 8 sampling branch soil samples all mix, 20～60cm
8 sampling branch soil samples of depth all mix, and finally discard the mixing of same depth unnecessary soil with quartering, until required
Till quantity, per plant is set each layer depth sampling amount 500g or so, altogether collection layering soil sample 320.The rapid band of each layer mixed soil sample
Interior is gone back to, is placed at shady and cool ventilation and is dried, cross 30 mesh sieves, determined for nutrient in dry environment.
B, leaf sample collection：The leaf sample of the plant is gathered while soil sample is gathered, the east of every plant of tree crown, south, west,
Totally 6 positions gather plant young sprout leaves and functional leaf for 44, north orientation, interior thorax and top, take 200 piece/plant of leaf amount or so, altogether
120, collection mixing leaf sample.Leaf under adopting is taken back rapidly indoor and deionized water and has cleared up the dust of blade surface, worm's ovum
Deng foul, it is put into preparation in advance and the good envelope of labelling or kraft paper bag is built in baking oven after 105 DEG C of 30min that complete, then
Dried to constant weight with 80 DEG C, finally the leaf sample after drying and processing is crushed with rustless steel pulverizer, the cool place place of drying is put and is stored for
Chemical analysis of foliar samples.
Step 3, nutrient contained by pedotheque and leaf sample is measured：
A, pedotheque nutrient are determined：Soil alkaline hydrolysis N content is determined and adopts diffusion method；The content of organic matter is determined and adopts high temperature
External heat potassium bichromate titrimetric method；Available P assay adopts the anti-colorimetry of sodium bicarbonate extraction-platinum antimony；Active potassic is containing measurement
Surely adopt ammonium acetate extraction-flame spectrometry；Effectively Zn, Fe, Mn assay adopts DTPA extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometry light
Degree method (DTPA extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometries are recorded in Bao Shidan. Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry [M]. Beijing：Chinese agriculture goes out
Version society, 2000：264-271)；Effectively using ICP-AES methods, (ICP-AES methods are recorded in Li Kun, Zhang Xianghui, Chen Wan to B content measure
Bright .ICP-AES quickly determines the effective boron [J] in soil. spectrographic laboratory, 2009,26 (2)：226-228)；
B, leaf sample nutrient are determined：Full N content is determined and adopts Kjeldahl's method, and full P content is determined using the anti-ratio of molybdenum antimony
Color method, full K assays using flame luminosity galvanometer method (flame luminosity galvanometer method is recorded in Lee and opens at the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches. soil chemurgy
Learn conventional method of analysis [M]. Beijing：Science Press, 1983,82-84), Ca, Mg, B content are determined using ICP-ASE methods
(ICP-ASE methods are recorded in Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science central laboratory instrument group. using in aas determination plant
Calcium, magnesium, manganese, ferrum, zinc, the content [J] of copper. Plant Physiology Communications, 1980, (5)：56-59.).
The first fruiting period wolfberry orchard different growing stage Distribution of Nutrient of 2 sandy loam of table
Note：With column data difference letter representation significant difference (P<0.05).
Just fruiting period wolfberry orchard year different growing stage soil nutrient content is as shown in table 2 for sandy loam.From the table, to sand
Loam is just for fruiting period wolfberry orchard, and in 0～60cm depth soil layers, its summer fruit expanding stage and summer fruit adopt the soil of rear flower bud differentiation period
Earth organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N content are significantly higher than budding period in spring and fruit harvesting later stage in autumn, the Soil Available K of summer fruit fruit expanding period
Other 3 growth periods are significantly higher than, the effective Zn of soil in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn, effective Fe, effective B content are significantly higher than other
3 growth periods；In 0～20cm depth soil layers, its summer fruit adopt the Soil rapidly available P of rear flower bud differentiation period be substantially less than other 3
The effective Mn contents of soil of individual growth period, budding period in spring and summer fruit fruit expanding period are significantly higher than summer fruit and adopt rear bud differentiation
Phase, but be not significantly different from effective Mn contents in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn；In 20～60cm depth soil layers, after its autumn fruit harvests
The Soil rapidly available P content of phase is significantly higher than summer fruit and adopts rear flower bud differentiation period, but with budding period in spring and summer fruit fruit expanding period
Available P content is not significantly different from.And the effective Mn contents of soil of budding period in spring are significantly higher than other 3 growth periods.
3 sandy loam best fruiting period wolfberry orchard year of table different growing stage Distribution of Nutrient
Note：With column data difference letter representation significant difference (P<0.05).
From table 3 it can be seen that in sandy loam best fruiting period wolfberry orchard 0～60cm depth soil layers, summer fruit adopts rear bud differentiation
Phase soil organic matter content is significantly higher than the soil alkaline hydrolysis N of other 3 growth periods, budding period in spring and summer fruit fruit expanding period
Content is significantly higher than summer fruit and adopts rear flower bud differentiation period, when the Soil Available K of summer fruit fruit expanding period is significantly higher than other 3 growths
Phase, the effective Zn of soil in autumn fruit harvesting later stage, effective Fe, effective B content are significantly higher than other 3 growth periods in addition；0～
In 20cm depth soil layers, the Soil rapidly available P content in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn is significantly higher than summer fruit and adopts rear flower bud differentiation period, but and spring
The available P content of budding period and summer fruit fruit expanding period is not significantly different from.And budding period in spring and autumn fruit harvest the soil in later stage
The effective Mn contents of earth are significantly higher than summer fruit fruit expanding period and summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period；In 20～60cm depth soil layers, 4
It is not significantly different between the Soil rapidly available P content of individual growth period, and the effective Mn contents of soil in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn is notable
Higher than other 3 growth periods.
The first fruiting period wolfberry orchard year different growing stage Distribution of Nutrient of 4 clay of table
Table 3 Distribution of soil nutrients in wolfberry orchards of primary
fruit period in loam soil
Note：With column data difference letter representation significant difference (P<0.05).
Table 4 is clay just fruiting period wolfberry orchard year different growing stages Distribution of Nutrient situation.The table shows clay just fruiting period
Wolfberry orchard its related soil nutrient content in 0～20cm, 20～60cm depth soil layers has similar Changing Pattern and feature：I.e.
Summer fruit fruit expanding period and summer fruit adopt the soil organic matter content of rear flower bud differentiation period be significantly higher than the budding period in spring and the autumn fruit adopt
The soil alkaline hydrolysis N of receipts later stage, budding period in spring and summer fruit fruit expanding period, available P content are significantly higher than summer fruit and adopt rear bud point
Change phase, the effective Mn contents of soil of budding period in spring, the Soil Available K of summer fruit fruit expanding period, effective Fe contents and autumn fruit adopt
The effective Zn contents of soil for receiving the later stage are all remarkably higher than other 3 growth periods, and after summer fruit fruit expanding period and autumn fruit harvest
The effective B content of soil of phase is significantly higher than summer fruit and adopts rear flower bud differentiation period.
5 clay best fruiting period wolfberry orchard year of table different growing stage Distribution of Nutrient
Table 4 Distribution of soil nutrients in wolfberry orchards of full
fruit period in loam soil
Note：With column data difference letter representation significant difference (P<0.05).
As can be seen from Table 5, in 0～60cm depth soil layers, its summer fruit adopts rear bud differentiation to clay best fruiting period wolfberry orchard
The soil organic matter content of phase is significantly higher than budding period in spring and fruit harvesting later stage in autumn, the Soil Available K of summer fruit fruit expanding period
Content is significantly higher than other 3 growth periods, when the effective B content of soil in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn is significantly higher than other 3 growths
Phase；In 0～20cm depth soil layers, it is not significantly different between the soil alkaline hydrolysis N content of its 4 growth periods, autumn fruit harvests
The Soil rapidly available P content in later stage is significantly higher than other 3 growth periods, and summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period and autumn fruit harvests the later stage
The effective Zn contents of soil are significantly higher than budding period in spring and summer fruit fruit expanding period, and the soil that summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period is effective
Fe, effective Mn contents are significantly higher than other 3 periods；In 20～60cm depth soil layers, the soil of its summer fruit fruit expanding period
Alkaline hydrolysis N content is significantly higher than the fruit harvesting later stage in autumn, but the alkaline hydrolysis N content for adopting rear flower bud differentiation period with budding period in spring and summer fruit does not have
There were significant differences.Summer fruit fruit expanding period Soil rapidly available P content is significantly higher than summer fruit and adopts rear flower bud differentiation period.The fruit harvesting later stage in autumn
The effective Zn contents of soil be significantly higher than summer fruit fruit expanding period, but adopt having for rear flower bud differentiation period with budding period in spring and summer fruit
Effect Zn contents are not significantly different from.The effective Fe of soil in fruit harvesting later stage in autumn, effective Mn contents are significantly higher than summer fruit Fruit
Phase and summer fruit adopt rear flower bud differentiation period.
Step 4, the data processing for determining nutritive element content：Determined with each nutrient in 20～60cm depth soil layers
It is worth for independent variable X：N (X1), P (X2), K (X3), Ca (X4), Mg (X5), B (X6), are surveyed with identical nutrient in same period blade
Definite value is dependent variable Y：N (Y1), P (Y2), K (Y3), Ca (Y4), Mg (Y5), B (Y6), using Microsoft Excel 2016
Software carries out data processing and mapping, carries out variance analyses (P using DPS9.05 softwares<0.05) carry out with Duncan methods multiple
Comparison test, while utilizing 22.0 software analysis of SPSS → recurrence → linear block, selects method of gradual regression, to leaf sample
Nutritive element content surveyed with pedotheque carries out multilinear fitting regression analyses, then the selected model drawn to software analysis
Row compares, to the wherein equation of linear regression goodness of fit preferably (R2>=0.5), equation F inspection significance it is higher (P≤
0.05) multiple linear regression modeling is carried out, the final relational model determined between dependent variable and independent variable.
In view of budding period in spring Fructus Lycii blade is not yet sprouted, the application adopts rear bud to the summer fruit expanding stage of Fructus Lycii, summer fruit
Idiophase and autumn fruit harvesting 3 year of later stage growth period carries out in same period blade identical nutrient measured value as dependent variable
Y。
Different soils quality, different productive phase wolfberry orchard Fructus Lycii Leaf nutrient contents are contained with 20～60cm soil layer soil nutrients
Correlation results between amount are shown in Table 6；
6 different soils quality of table, different productive phase wolfberry orchard year different growing stage blades and soil nutrient elements dependency point
Analysis
From the table, just in fruiting period wolfberry orchard, summer fruit adopts rear Leaf during Flower Bud Differentiation B content and 20～60cm soil layers to sandy loam
Soil N, B content, in significantly negatively correlated, are in notable positive correlation with soil K, Mg content.
In sandy loam best fruiting period wolfberry orchard, summer fruit adopt rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade B content and 20～60cm soil layer P in soil,
K, Ca content, in significantly negatively correlated, is in notable positive correlation with soil N content.Fruit harvesting autumn, Fructus Lycii blade Ca contents later stage with 20～
60cm soil layer P in soil, B content are in significantly negatively correlated；Blade Mg contents are in notable positive with 20～60cm soil layer soil K contents
Close.
Clay just in fruiting period wolfberry orchard, adopted rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade Ca contents and contained with 20～60cm soil layer soil Ca by summer fruit
Amount, in significantly negatively correlated, is in notable positive correlation with soil B content.
In clay best fruiting period wolfberry orchard, summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade Mg contents and 20～60cm soil layer soil K, Mg
Content is in notable positive correlation.Autumn fruit harvesting later stage Fructus Lycii blade K contents and 20～60cm soil layer soil K contents are in notable positive
Close, with soil B content in significantly negatively correlated.
By this step, if cured leaf-soil nutrient regression model can be obtained, which includes sandy loam just fruiting period model, sand
The first fruiting period model of loam best fruiting period model, clay loam, the first fruiting period model of clay loam, this is sought with Folium Lycii further to carry out later
Support the soil testing and fertilizer solution formulation based on diagnosing, there is provided necessary quantitative model parameter is supported, and is conducive to Chinese-wolfberry nutritive to examine
Disconnected system construction and perfect.
By above-mentioned steps one to four as can be seen that different soils quality, the different growths of different productive phase Fructus Lycii orchard years
There are different differences from same period blade Mineral Elements content in period Mineral Elements Content of Soil, be mainly manifested in growth medium soil
In earth, various macronutrient contents are of a relatively high, and blade contrast, analysis reason is mainly with local orchard worker in growth
Mid-term imposes N, P, K quick-acting fertilizer and causes soil nutrient temporarily enrichment and middle leaves nutrition to turn to ensure that Fructus Lycii normally yields positive results
Move on to flowers and fruits relevant for its growth promoter, this with soil nutrient naturalness under (do not apply fertilizer) be with the season of growth in Fructus Lycii year more
For and the rule that gradually decreases not contradiction.
Step 5, the administration kind for determining the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace element, quantity, fertilizing time：
(1) analyze and research different soils quality, Fructus Lycii difference productive phase and year different growing stage soil fertility and its support
Divide variation tendency：It can be seen that：In clay, alkaline hydrolysis N, active potassic, Zn, Fe, Mn, B content are higher than totally sandy loam, but contrast the whole nation
Second overall survey of soil nutrient classification standard can draw sandy loam and clay wolfberry orchard totality organic matter level and for N, for P water
Average relatively low, and soil Potassium supply level is then high, this is from Mao Jinmei etc. to Amygdalus communis Lamarck different soils quality, different solid period soil
Nutrient Annual variations result of study has identical rule (Mao Jinmei, Wang Jianyou, Liu Fenglan, etc. differing texture soil difference woods
Age Amygdalus communis Lamarck blade and dynamics of soil nutrients Changeement [J]. Chinese agronomy circular, 2015,31 (15)：202-210).Soil
Quality is closely related with soil supplying nutrient capability, it is considered that soil clay particle mass fraction height helps to maintain its higher soil fertilizer
Power, the plant nutrient mass fraction planted thereon and accumulation are also corresponding higher, illustrate the soil texture in fertilizer provision from soil, fertilizer conservation
It is the important factor for affecting its Nutrient change in performance.
Different soils quality, different productive phase Fructus Lycii orchard year different growing stage soil nutrients and Leaf Mineral
Changes in distribution feature and rule result show：(1) different soils quality, different productive phase Fructus Lycii orchard year different growing stage soil
Earth organic matter and Mineral Elements Content exist dramatically different, and in same period blade, main mineral elements content there is also difference, overall
Trend is significantly higher than N, P, K element content in P element, and blade for N, K element content in each soil layer soil and blade and is above
Same period soil content.(2) its organic matter of different depth soil, N, K element content top layer (0～20cm) are higher than totally bottom (20
～60cm), and P, Zn, Fe, Mg content then contrast, B content then no significant difference.(3) for blade, N content totality
Present " V " type variation tendency, show summer fruit expanding stage and the autumn fruit harvesting later stage it is higher, summer fruit adopt rear flower bud differentiation period compared with
It is low；P and K contents then show the variation tendency synchronously gradually increased with the season of growth；The annual each phase change of Ca and Mg cellulose contents
Trend is basically identical, and just fruiting period wolfberry orchard is presented inverted " V " type, and best fruiting period wolfberry orchard is presented just " V " type.Blade B content is in
Existing inverted " V " type, adopts rear flower bud differentiation period content highest with summer fruit.
Comprehensive analysis shows that Fructus Lycii growth medium is because blooming and needed for fruit development to nutrition in soil and blade
Element absorption amount is higher, therefore, Chinese wolfberry fruit expanding stage should with enrich N, P, K it is fertile based on, summer fruit is adopted rear flower bud differentiation period and is used sufficient
Fertilizer, fruit harvesting later stage in autumn note supplementing the trace element such as appropriate Zn, Fe, B, to realize the high yield and high quality of Fructus Lycii.In addition,
Fructus Lycii fertilising should treatment in accordance with local conditions, for differential fertilizer practice should be implemented in the production garden of different soils quality, this is Fructus Lycii
Science soil testing and fertilizer provides necessary reference frame.
(2) determination of dose：
1st, the determination of N, P, K fertilizer recommended fertilizer：First, using 20-60cm soil N, P, K Different Nutrients test values (while
Refer to measuring blade value), with target output and nutrient balance method, calculate obtain certain target output lower whole year need to apply N,
The total amount of P, K fertilizer.Then, solid regulation of fertilizer requirement is grown according to Fructus Lycii year, determine N, P, K in the allocation proportion of each fertilizer application period and its
Corresponding dose；
Computing formula：Under fertilizer application condition, the nutrient of Crop comes from soil and fertilizer, and the total fertilizer requirement of crop is supplied with soil
The difference of fertilizer amount is the dose of yield of realizing a plan, and its formula is as follows：
Wherein, soil nutrient contribution rate=Content of available nutrient in soils (soil nutrients variability value) ÷ critical concentration values；
Wherein, target output can be determined using average per unit area yield method.Average per unit area yield method is using rational application of fertilizers area the first three years Fructus Lycii
Target output is determined based on average per unit area yield and annual increasing rate, its computing formula is：Target output (kg/667m2)=(1+ is incremented by
Rate) × front 3 annual per unit area yield (kg/667m2)；
The general equilibrium output with 3 years before locality under normal weather conditions increases by 20%～30% to determine.Specifically, it is right
In in the Fructus Lycii standard garden target output into the best fruiting period in age, increase by 3 years before the locality average products under normal weather conditions
Plus 20% to determine, sandy loam best fruiting period wolfberry orchard target mark yield reference value 160～180kg/667m of dry fruit2, at the beginning of clay loam
Fruiting period target output reference value 210～230kg/667m of dry fruit2；And the Fructus Lycii standard garden in the first fruiting period of young age is then pressed and is worked as
Before ground, 3 years average products under normal weather conditions increase by 30% to determine, the first fruiting period wolfberry orchard target mark yield of sandy loam
Reference value 130～160kg/667m of dry fruit2, the first fruiting period target output reference value 140～170kg/667m of dry fruit of clay loam2；
Wherein specific yield nutrients uptake amounts refer to the nutrient quantity absorbed needed for every one unit-economy yield of production.To Fructus Lycii
For, often produce 100kg dried fruit of lycium barbarum (dry fruit/fresh fruit=1/4)：Need pure N 25kg, P2O515kg, K2O 10kg；
Wherein soil nutrient contribution rate is referred in the middle of the nutrient that fruit tree absorbs, from the ratio shared by soil supply portion.To Chinese holly
For Qi, when soil organism ＜ 1% or the soil texture are partially husky, the critical concentration value of nitrogen takes 150, and the critical concentration value of phosphorus takes
35, the critical concentration value of potassium takes 220；When the soil texture glues partially or during soil organism ＞ 1%, the critical concentration value of nitrogen takes
120, the critical concentration value of phosphorus takes 30, and the critical concentration value of potassium takes 190；
Wherein fertilizer this season utilization rate refer to it is different according to fertilising planting type and different, if applying fruit trees with fertilizer adopts soil application,
And base manure adds and topdresses, when fertilizer presses fruit tree growing stage reasonable distribution, this season utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer takes 45%, this season profit of phosphate fertilizer
30% is taken with rate, this season utilization rate of potash fertilizer takes 60%；
Wherein fertilizer nutrient content is that confession under directions fertilising material includes inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer.Inorganic fertilizer, Commodity Organic Fertilizer
Content presses its declarable content, fails to understand that the organic fertilizer nutrient content of nutrient content can refer to the organic fertilizer nutrient of local different type average
Content is obtained.
Based on above parameter determination, then N, P, K fertilizer recommended fertilizer specific formula for calculation is as follows：
(1) sandy loam N, P, K fertilizer recommended fertilizer formula
(2) clay N, P, K fertilizer recommended fertilizer formula
3rd, base manure (farm organic fertilizer) recommends amount of application to determine：As soil organic matter content ＜ 2%, by often producing
1000kg medlar fresh fruit organic fertilizers 1500kg is calculated.
4th, trace element consumption standard：As effective zinc ＜ 2mg/kg, effective manganese ＜ 10mg/kg, effective boron ＜ 2mg/kg, have
Effect ferrum ＜ 15mg/kg when, just should trace element supplement, can in the fall with reference to base manure with fertilizer mixing apply in the lump, apply
1～2kg/667m2 of amount, may also be employed foliage spray so as to reach balance.
5th, the determination of organic commercial fertilizer dose：According to the different soils matter that the 1st in above-mentioned steps, 2,3 small steps are proposed
Ground, the recommending fertilizer application formula of Fructus Lycii standard Different Results phase, different growing stages garden year, it is organic from concrete commodity determining first
Under the premise of fertile species, with reference to its nutrient content, principle is equivalent to nutrient, then is converted to equivalent pure commodity of corresponding period
Fertilizer precipitation amount；
By it is inorganic with fertile scheme based on, to former inorganic fertilizer with farm organic fertilizer in base manure in fertile scheme and inorganic fertilizer and it is different when
Phase topdress in inorganic fertilizer, be equivalent to principle by nutrient, be converted to equivalent pure organic commercial fertilizer of corresponding period respectively and supported
Divide input amount, and then form pure organic commercial fertilizer recommending fertilizer application formula.
Above technical characteristic constitutes highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, and which has stronger adaptability and optimal enforcement effect
Really, inessential technical characteristic can be increased and decreased according to actual needs, meets the needs of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method, it is characterised in that：Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, determine collecting unit and collection point：Select some different soils texture types, the Chinese holly of different development stage Fructus Lycii
Qi Biaozhunyuan is used as comparison object；
Step 2, sample collecting：Respectively at annual early April (budding period in spring), early June (summer fruit fruit expanding period), August
The first tenday period of a month (summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period) and late September (fruit harvesting later stage in autumn), soil and blade are carried out in the sampled point demarcated
Collection；
Step 3, nutrient contained by pedotheque and leaf sample is measured：To alkaline hydrolysis N content in pedotheque, have
Machine matter content, available P content, active potassic content, effective Zn, Fe, Mn content and effective B content are measured；To in leaf sample
Full N content, full P content, full K contents and Ca, Mg, B content are measured；
Step 4, the data processing for determining nutritive element content：With in pedotheque, each nutrient measured value is as independent variable X：N
(X1), P (X2), K (X3), Ca (X4), Mg (X5), B (X6), with same period blade, identical nutrient measured value is as dependent variable Y：
N (Y1), P (Y2), K (Y3), Ca (Y4), Mg (Y5), B (Y6), carry out data processing and mapping using statistical analysis software, utilize
Statistical analysis software carries out variance analyses and Duncan methods carry out multiple comparative test, select method of gradual regression to leaf sample with
The surveyed nutritive element content of pedotheque carries out multilinear fitting regression analyses, then the selected model row drawn to software analysis
Relatively, equation F inspection significance preferable to the wherein equation of linear regression goodness of fit is higher, carries out multiple linear regression and builds
Mould, the final relational model determined between dependent variable and independent variable；Obtain different soils quality, different productive phase wolfberry orchard Folium Lyciis
Dependency between piece nutrient content and 20～60cm soil layer soil nutrient contents；
Step 5, according to gained different soils quality, different productive phase 20～60cm of wolfberry orchard soil layer soil nutrient in step 4
Assay value, with reference to the corresponding nutrient measured value of blade, combining target yield and nutrient balance method and the growth of Fructus Lycii year are needed
Fertile rule determines the administration kind of the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle and trace element, quantity, fertilizing time.
2. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 2, collecting soil sample：
Diagonally layout by " S " type in each Fructus Lycii standard garden and choose 10 plants of sampling tree, in the range of every plant of crown mapping, to set
Do to extend outwardly into for the center of circle and gather at the 2/3 of tree crown edge soil sample, with direct north as the first sample point, along tree body every 45
Degree direction carries out 8 sampling point Stratified Samplings with 0～20cm and 20～60cm depth respectively, by 8 sampling branch same depths
Soil sample is mixed, i.e. 0～20cm depth, 8 sampling branch soil samples all mix, 20～60cm depth, 8 sampling branch soil samples
All mix, finally the mixing of same depth unnecessary soil is discarded with quartering, till requirement, per plant is set each layer
Depth sampling amount 500g or so, altogether collection are layered soil sample 320.Each layer mixed soil sample takes back rapidly interior, is placed in shady and cool ventilation
Place dries, and crosses 30 mesh sieves, determines for nutrient in dry environment.
3. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2, leaf sample is adopted
Collection：The leaf sample of the plant is gathered while soil sample is gathered, in the orientation of the east, south, west, north of every plant of tree crown 44, interior thorax
And top totally 6 positions collection plant young sprout leaves and functional leaf, 200 piece/plant of leaf amount or so is taken, altogether collection mixing leaf sample 120
Individual, the leaf under adopting is taken back rapidly indoor and deionized water and has cleared up the fouls such as the dust of blade surface, worm's ovum, is put in advance
Prepare and the good envelope of labelling or kraft paper bag be built in baking oven after 105 DEG C of 30min that complete, then dried to constant weight with 80 DEG C,
Finally the leaf sample after drying and processing is crushed with rustless steel pulverizer, the cool place place of drying is put and is stored for chemical analysis of foliar samples.
4. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step one, the different soils
Texture type, the Fructus Lycii standard garden of different development stage Fructus Lycii include sandy loam just fruiting period wolfberry orchard, sandy loam best fruiting period Fructus Lycii
Garden, the first fruiting period wolfberry orchard of clay, clay best fruiting period wolfberry orchard.
5. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, regression equation fitting
Goodness preferably refers to R2≥0.5；Significance is higher refers to P≤0.05 for equation F inspections.
6. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, the first fruiting period of sandy loam
In wolfberry orchard, summer fruit adopts rear Leaf during Flower Bud Differentiation B content and 20～60cm soil layer soil N, B content in significantly negative correlation, with
Soil K, Mg content is in notable positive correlation.
7. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, the sandy loam best fruiting period
In wolfberry orchard, summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade B content and 20～60cm soil layer P in soil, K, Ca content in significantly negative
Correlation, is in notable positive correlation with soil N content；Autumn fruit harvesting later stage Fructus Lycii blade Ca contents and 20～60cm soil layer P in soil, B
Content is in significantly negatively correlated；Blade Mg contents are in notable positive correlation with 20～60cm soil layer soil K contents.
8. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, the first fruiting period Chinese holly of clay
In Qi garden, summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade Ca contents with 20～60cm soil layer soil Ca contents in significantly negative correlation,
It is in notable positive correlation with soil B content.
9. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, clay best fruiting period Chinese holly
In Qi garden, it is in notable positive that summer fruit adopts rear flower bud differentiation period Fructus Lycii blade Mg contents with 20～60cm soil layer soil K, Mg content
Close；Autumn fruit harvesting later stage Fructus Lycii blade K contents and 20～60cm soil layer soil K contents are in notable positive correlation, with soil B content are in
It is significantly negatively correlated.
10. Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 5,
(1) determination of N, P, K fertilizer recommended fertilizer：Using 20-60cm soil N, P, K Different Nutrients test values, while can also join
Examine measuring blade value, with target output and nutrient balance method, calculate obtain certain target output lower whole year need to apply N, P, K it is fertile
Total amount, then, solid regulation of fertilizer requirement is grown according to Fructus Lycii year, determines N, P, K in the allocation proportion of each fertilizer application period and its corresponding
Dose；
(2) base manure (farm organic fertilizer) recommends amount of application to determine：As soil organic matter content ＜ 2%, by often producing 1000kg
Medlar fresh fruit organic fertilizer 1500kg is calculated；
(3) trace element consumption standard：As effective zinc ＜ 2mg/kg, effective manganese ＜ 10mg/kg, effective boron ＜ 2mg/kg, effectively
During ferrum ＜ 15mg/kg, just should trace element supplement, can in the fall with reference to base manure with fertilizer mixing apply in the lump, amount of application 1
～2kg/667m2, may also be employed foliage spray so as to reach balance；
(4) determination of organic commercial fertilizer dose：According to the different soils quality, Different Results phase Fructus Lycii that propose in above-mentioned steps
The recommending fertilizer application formula of standard garden year different growing stages, under the premise of determining from concrete organic commercial fertilizer species first, with reference to
Its nutrient content, is equivalent to principle with nutrient, then is converted to equivalent pure organic commercial fertilizer precipitation amount of corresponding period.
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| CN109348807A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Applying fruit trees with fertilizer method |
| CN109819836A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-31 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of Phoebe bournei seedling balanced fertilizing method |
| CN113728776A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 广州市雅玥园林工程有限公司 | Balanced fertilization method for landscaping goldenrain tree |
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