CN103891459A - Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber - Google Patents
Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the soil of a place of origin as well as the contents of organic matters, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contained in organic fertilizers; detecting target yield, reasonably selecting the utilization ratio of each nutrient in soil during seasonable production of cucumber, and selecting the utilization ratio of each nutrient in applied fertilizers during seasonable production of cucumber; determining the absorption of each known major nutrient by cucumber; selecting fertilizers according to the pH value of soil and the fertilizer needing characteristics of crops; calculating and determining the needed amounts of a main fertilizer and an auxiliary fertilizer; determining a formulated fertilization scheme; and determining a fertilization method. The calculation of the formulated fertilization amount is more accurate and more reliable than that in the prior art; by considering the types and characteristics of varieties, the target yield is more consistent with practical situations; the nutrient amount of soil is calculated accurately and reliably; the fertilizers are selected under the full consideration of the soil acidity and alkalinity as well as the requirement of cucumber on fertilizer characteristics; by adopting the fertilization method, labor force is reduced, and the production cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to the green cultivation of a kind of cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method.
Background technology
Scale vegetable is produced, and is the inexorable trend of socio-economic development.The research application of Formula fertilization by soil testing is also must needing of social science development.In agricultural production, the application of Formula fertilization by soil testing, promotes widely; The research of Formula fertilization by soil testing, also deeply launches.
The Formula fertilization by soil testing of cucumber, also among constantly studying and exploring.First prior art determines the demand of 1000 kilograms of cucumber of every production to three large nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxides; Secondly subjective definite target output, fertilizer nutrient content, soil nutrient content, utilization rate of fertilizer; It three is by above-mentioned data substitution computing formula, calculates respectively the amount of the three large nutrients such as the nitrogen that will reach the output of a certain expectation and should apply to soil, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide; It four is according to fertilizer type and meets the demand of its amount to three large nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxides, formulates the scheme of main fertilise kind and amount of application; It five is according to each exposed nutrient and fertilizer nutrient content, determines the fertilise amount of joining.It six is to answer fertilise to apply by stages and in groups.
The shortcoming that prior art exists is as follows:
In fertilization compositions based on earth measurement scheme, there are following five shortcomings:
The one, only solve the supply of applying fertilizer to nutrient, ignore soil acidity or alkalinity selection to fertilizer characteristic requirements to fertilizer type and crop.
The 2nd, only introduce the amount of application of fertilizer, the unreceipted fertilizer that should specifically use what kind.
The 3rd, in the time calculating, do not consider the usage factor of soil self nutrient in this season cucumber production and apply the availability factors of fertilizer in this season cucumber production.
The 4th, do not introduce the computational methods of formula fertilizer.
The 5th, lack the factor consideration that various related datas are obtained.
In the fertilizer practice of existing fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, also there are three shortcomings:
The one, still, by traditional base manure and the fertilizing method that topdresses and combine, be unfavorable for large-scale planting.
The 2nd, do not introduce the Soil tillage number of times after fertilising, be unfavorable for guaranteeing transplanting survival rate.
The 3rd, whether need to water water treatment after not introducing fertilising, be unfavorable for the raising that this season of fertilizer utilizes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the green cultivation of a kind of cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method, be intended to specifically determine that target output, soil can supply amount of nutrients, utilization rate of fertilizer and join fertilise kind and consumption, reduce the labor of topdressing, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, improve output, reduce costs.
The present invention is achieved in that the green cultivation of a kind of cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method comprises:
Before step 1, formula, the contained organic matter of the soil to grown place and fertilizer, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content detect;
Step 2, according to the type of cucumber and kind, determine target output, reasonable selection cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, plastic film mulching cultivation and fertilizer type according to whether, selected cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise, determines the absorptive amount of cucumber to known each Main Nutrients;
Step 3, need fertile characteristic according to P in soil H value and crop, select fertilizer type;
The requirement of step 4, calculating definite main fertilise;
Step 5, calculating are also determined the requirement of joining fertilise;
Step 6, determine rational application of fertilizers scheme;
Step 7, determine fertilizing method.
Further, the method for the output that really sets the goal described in step 2 is: hybridization large fruit kind, and target output is 5000-7000 kilogram; Hybridization small fruit type kind, target output is 2500-3000 kilogram; Conventional large fruit kind, target output is 3500-4500 kilogram.
Further, the method that reasonable selection cucumber this season described in step 2 is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil is: in accordance with land used and the principle of increasing soil fertility and combining, cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, and nitrogen nutrient gets 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 30%.
Further, the selected cucumber this season described in step 2 is produced the method for the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise and is:
Under plastic film mulching cultivation condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 40%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 60%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 30%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%.
Under outdoor cropping condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 25%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 40%.
Further, the method for the absorptive amount of the definite cucumber described in step 2 to known each Main Nutrients is: 1000 kilograms of cucumber of every production need absorb 2.4 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 1.2 kilograms of quick-acting phosphorus pentoxides, 3.2 kilograms of quick-acting potassium oxides from soil.
Further, the method for selecting fertilizer type described in step 3 is:
According to P in soil H value, select fertilizer type, pH value is below 7, and nitrogen nutrient should be selected carbonic hydroammonium or urea; Phosphorus nutrients should be selected rock phosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use; PH value is more than 7, and nitrogen nutrient should select ammonium sulfate or urea; The suitable ssp dnab of phosphorus nutrients; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use;
Need fertile characteristic according to crop, select fertilizer type, fear-chlorion crop should be selected sulfur-bearing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium sulphate fertilizer; Avoid sulphur crop and should select chloride Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium chloride fertilizer.
Further, the calculating of the requirement of the main fertilise described in step 4 and definite method comprise:
The calculating of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that should absorb from soil:
Realizing each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that a certain target output should absorb from soil is calculated as follows and can obtains:
Nitrogen nutrient requirement (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to nitrogen nutrient absorptive amount;
Phosphorus nutrients requirement (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to phosphorus nutrients absorptive amount;
Potassium element nutrient requirement rate (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=target output × cucumber divides the determined value of absorptive amount to potassium attainment;
The calculating of nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount that soil can supply:
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Potassium attainment divide (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
The calculating of main fertilise requirement:
Meeting the required each nutrient of target output (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) calculates as follows to main fertilise requirement:
The required main fertilise of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) (kg/acre)=nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that [realizing required nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount absorbing from soil of a certain target output]-soil can supply] ÷ [the corresponding nutrient content × this season of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is produced the corresponding plant recovery of nutrient to the each nutrient of the alms giver of institute fertilise];
Determining of main fertilise amount:
According to above-mentioned " calculating of main fertilise requirement " acquired results, the amount that the minimum of getting the required main fertilise amount of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is main fertilise.
Further, the calculating of the requirement of joining fertilise described in step 5 and definite method comprise:
After main fertilise amount is determined, lack the amount of (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each nutrient, calculate as follows:
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients (kg/acre)=(corresponding nutrient required main fertilise amount-main fertilise amount) × plan joins this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in fertilizer content × plan of executing;
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients, respectively should apply the amount of application of corresponding nutrient fertilizer, calculate as follows:
Each nutrient join fertilise amount of application (kg/acre)=lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients ÷ plan and join this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in the fertilizer content ÷ plan of executing;
Further, the fertilizing method described in step 7 comprises:
Promote and disposablely use as base manure:
Plastic film mulching cultivation, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, all the disposable base manure that does applies; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu following, do fertile disposable the applying of base manure by four point three of determined fertilising scheme fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu above, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, also does that base manure is disposable to be applied.
Promote the fertilizing method that point fertilizer type spreads fertilizer over the fields:
Employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and divides fertilizer type, spread fertilizer over the fields respectively after native face, then real tillage.
Promote according to fertilizing amount and determine the number of times of turning over:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application, below 50 kilograms, manually need be turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at 50-75 kilogram, and machinery is turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at +75 kg, and machinery is turned over more than 3 times.
Promote the processing of watering after fertilising:
Whole the doing after furrow of turning over, no matter irrigation conditions how, no matter also plastic film mulching cultivation whether, all soil fully must be watered permeable after, treat that in native ditch, water is dry, when easy to operate, cover again mulch film or transplanting.
Promote and see that early seedling topdresses:
After transplant planting 10-15 days, depending on its melon seedling growing state, for the weak melon seedling of growing way, topdress in time once, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or aqueous solution of urea that to topdress by concentration be 0.4%, every strain is watered 200 grams.
effect gathers
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Rational application of fertilizers scheme is calculated and the advantage of determining aspect:
Formula fertilizer amount is more accurately more reliable, also more meet produce actual, the one, the determining of target output, considered variety type and characteristic, the target output proposing is more realistic, practical; The 2nd, soil can, for the calculating of amount of nutrients, provide by me and test for many years the concrete usage factor (percentage) drawing, more accurately and reliably; The 3rd, utilization rate of fertilizer, has proposed by different cultivation conditions, variety classes and nutrient, has introduced respectively its concrete value data, more practical; The 4th, in the selection of fertilizer type, take into full account the requirement to fertilizer characteristic of soil acidity or alkalinity and cucumber, propose under what soil acidity or alkalinity, to select what phosphate fertilizer, make the soil for growth environment of cucumber preferably; The 5th, joining in the calculating of fertilise amount, the computing formula of science is provided, make it more accurate in the calculating of joining fertile amount of application.
The advantage of fertilizer practice aspect:
1, the formula of promoting answers that fertilise is disposable to be applied as base manure, and more existing point of base manure and the fertilizer practice of topdressing and combining have reduced labor because topdressing, saved production cost.
2, the employing of promoting is spread fertilizer over the fields, and divides fertilizer type, spreads fertilizer over the fields respectively after native face, and adopt the fertilizing method of fertilising limit, limit real tillage, more existing multiple fertilizer is mixed to be executed, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and has reduced fertilizer loss, realize the balanced fertilizer of soil, overcome prosperous the declining the phase of growth, improved output.
The fertilising post-processing technology of the number of times of turning over of determining according to fertilizing amount and cultivated soil working tool of 3, promoting, more existing regardless of fertilizing amount and the cultivated soil working tool fertilising post-treatment measure of 1-2 time of turning over, there is clay fertilizer in conjunction with even, the survival rate of having guaranteed field planting is (observed according to me, mu is executed Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium +75 kg, manually dig 3 times or machinery is digged 2 times, after field planting, dead seedling is more) consistent with the entirety of growth potential.
4, the treatment measures of watering after the fertilising of promoting,, after more existing fertilising, cover mulch film or transplanting, there is fertilizer and dissolve comparatively fully, realize with fertilizer and supported soil, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, particularly plastic film mulching cultivation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the green cultivation of the cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method flow chart that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the green cultivation of cucumber of the present invention soil testing and formulated fertilization method flow process, and as shown in the figure, the present invention is achieved in that the green cultivation of a kind of cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method comprises:
S101: before formula, the contained organic matter of the soil to grown place and fertilizer, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content detect;
S102: according to the type of cucumber and kind, determine target output, reasonable selection cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, plastic film mulching cultivation and fertilizer type according to whether, selected cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise, determines the absorptive amount of cucumber to known each Main Nutrients;
S103: need fertile characteristic according to P in soil H value and crop, select fertilizer type;
S104: the requirement of calculating and determine main fertilise;
S105: calculate and determine the requirement of joining fertilise;
S106: determine rational application of fertilizers scheme;
S107: determine fertilizing method.
Further, the method for the output that really sets the goal described in step S102 is: hybridization large fruit kind, and target output is 5000-7000 kilogram; Hybridization small fruit type kind, target output is 2500-3000 kilogram; Conventional large fruit kind, target output is 3500-4500 kilogram.
Further, the method that reasonable selection cucumber this season described in step S102 is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil is: in accordance with land used and the principle of increasing soil fertility and combining, cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, and nitrogen nutrient gets 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 30%.
Further, the selected cucumber this season described in step S102 is produced the method for the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise and is:
Under plastic film mulching cultivation condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 40%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 60%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 30%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%.
Under outdoor cropping condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 25%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 40%.
Further, the method of the absorptive amount of the definite cucumber described in step S102 to known each Main Nutrients is: 1000 kilograms of cucumber of every production need absorb 2.4 kilograms of purity nitrogens (being alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen), 1.2 kilograms of quick-acting phosphorus pentoxides, 3.2 kilograms of quick-acting potassium oxides from soil.
Further, the method for selecting fertilizer type described in step S103 is:
According to P in soil H value, select fertilizer type, pH value is below 7, and nitrogen nutrient should be selected carbonic hydroammonium or urea; Phosphorus nutrients should be selected rock phosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use; PH value is more than 7, and nitrogen nutrient should select ammonium sulfate or urea; The suitable ssp dnab of phosphorus nutrients; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use;
Need fertile characteristic according to crop, select fertilizer type, fear-chlorion crop should be selected sulfur-bearing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium sulphate fertilizer; Avoid sulphur crop and should select chloride Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium chloride fertilizer.
Further, the calculating of the requirement of the main fertilise described in step S104 and definite method comprise:
The calculating of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that should absorb from soil:
Realizing each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that a certain target output should absorb from soil is calculated as follows and can obtains:
Nitrogen nutrient requirement (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to nitrogen nutrient absorptive amount;
Phosphorus nutrients requirement (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to phosphorus nutrients absorptive amount;
Potassium element nutrient requirement rate (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=target output × cucumber divides the determined value of absorptive amount to potassium attainment;
In formula:
Target output: according to its economic strength, determined with reference to above-mentioned " according to Cucumber type and kind, determining target output " method by the producer.
The determined value of cucumber to (nitrogen or phosphorus element or potassium element) Nutrient Absorption amount: respectively by choosing in above-mentioned " determining the absorptive amount of cucumber to known each Main Nutrients ".
The calculating of nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount that soil can supply:
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Potassium attainment divide (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
In formula:
The each nutrient detected value of soil: choose its corresponding nutrient content value from " soil nutrient detection " result.
0.15: be conversion coefficient.
Cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil: the availability of choosing corresponding nutrient from " according to soil fertility, selected cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil ".
The calculating of main fertilise requirement:
Meeting the required each nutrient of target output (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) calculates as follows to main fertilise requirement:
The required main fertilise of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) (kg/acre)=nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that [realizing required nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount absorbing from soil of a certain target output]-soil can supply] ÷ [the corresponding nutrient content × this season of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is produced the corresponding plant recovery of nutrient to the each nutrient of the alms giver of institute fertilise];
In formula:
The corresponding nutrient content of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium): be percentage.
The corresponding plant recovery of nutrient of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium): be percentage.
Determining of main fertilise amount:
According to above-mentioned " calculating of main fertilise requirement " acquired results, the amount that the minimum of getting the required main fertilise amount of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is main fertilise.
Further, the calculating of the requirement of joining fertilise described in step S105 and definite method comprise:
After main fertilise amount is determined, lack the amount of (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each nutrient, calculate as follows:
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients (kg/acre)=(corresponding nutrient required main fertilise amount-main fertilise amount) × plan joins this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in fertilizer content × plan of executing;
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients, respectively should apply the amount of application of corresponding nutrient fertilizer, calculate as follows:
Each nutrient join fertilise amount of application (kg/acre)=lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients ÷ plan and join this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in the fertilizer content ÷ plan of executing;
According to the result of the calculating of the result of calculation of main fertilise requirement and formula fertilizer requirement, determine rational application of fertilizers scheme.
Further, the fertilizing method described in step S107 comprises:
Promote and disposablely use as base manure:
Plastic film mulching cultivation, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, all the disposable base manure that does applies; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu following, do fertile disposable the applying of base manure by four point three of determined fertilising scheme fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu above, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, also does that base manure is disposable to be applied.This is to reduce production labor, saves one of key technology of labour cost.
Promote the fertilizing method that point fertilizer type spreads fertilizer over the fields:
For saving labor cost, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and divides fertilizer type, spread fertilizer over the fields respectively after native face, then real tillage.For reducing fertilizer loss, accomplish fertilising limit, limit real tillage.
Promote according to fertilizing amount and determine the number of times of turning over:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application, below 50 kilograms, manually need be turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at 50-75 kilogram, and machinery is turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at +75 kg, and machinery is turned over more than 3 times.This is the key technology of guaranteeing to move into motility rate.
Promote the processing of watering after fertilising:
Whole the doing after furrow of turning over, no matter irrigation conditions how, no matter also plastic film mulching cultivation whether all must fully water soil after permeable (sprinkling method have flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, rain etc.), treat that in native ditch, water is dry, when easy to operate, cover again mulch film or transplanting.This is one of key technology improving utilization rate of fertilizer.
Promote and see that early seedling topdresses:
Due to soil fertility difference and the sturdy difference of melon seedling, should be after transplant planting 10-15 days, depending on its melon seedling growing state, for the weak melon seedling of growing way, topdress in time once, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or aqueous solution of urea that to topdress by concentration be 0.4%, every strain is watered 200 grams.
Definite method of embodiment mono-, the chemical fertilizer fertilization compositions based on earth measurement scheme taking sulfur-bearing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium as main fertilise.
1, assumed condition
Suppose that soil nutrient testing result is: the content of organic matter is 42g/kg, pH value is 5.8, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 108
Mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus pentoxides are 32g/kg, quick-acting potassium oxides are 98mg/kg.
Hypothetical target output is 5000kg.
Suppose that sulfur-bearing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium nutrient content is N-P-K=15-15-15, urea nitrogen content is 46%, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate phosphorus pentoxide content is 12%, and the potassium oxide content of potassium chloride fertilizer is 60%.
The calculating of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that 2, should absorb from soil
Realizing each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that a certain target output should absorb from soil is calculated as follows and can obtains:
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=5 × 2.4=12 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=5 × 1.2=6 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment is divided (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=5 × 3.2=16 (kg/acre).
3, soil can supply the calculating of nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=108 × 0.15 × 35%=5.67 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=32 × 0.15 × 20%=0.96 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment is divided (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=98 × 0.15 × 30%=4.41 (kg/acre).
4, the calculating of main fertilise requirement
Meeting the required each nutrient of target output (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) calculates as follows to main fertilise requirement:
Each nutrient should need main fertilise (kg/acre)=nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that [realizing required nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount absorbing from soil of a certain target output]-soil can supply] ÷ [the corresponding nutrient content × this season of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is produced the corresponding plant recovery of nutrient to the each nutrient of the alms giver of institute fertilise].
Nitrogen nutrient should need Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (kg/acre)=(12-5.67) ÷ (15% × 40%)=105.5 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus nutrients should need Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (kg/acre)=(6-0.96) ÷ (15% × 20%)=168.0 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment divide should need Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (kg/acre)=(16-4.41) ÷ (15% × 60%)=128.8 (kg/acre).
5, join the calculating of fertilise requirement
1. lack amount of nutrients
After main fertilise amount is determined, lack the amount of (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each nutrient, calculate as follows:
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients (kg/acre)=(corresponding nutrient required main fertilise amount-main fertilise amount) × plan joins this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in fertilizer content × plan of executing.
Calculate by above-mentioned formula, the exposed result of each nutrient is as follows:
Phosphorus nutrients ullage (kg/acre)=(168-105) × 0.15 × 0.2=1.89 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment is divided ullage (kg/acre)=(128.8-105) × 0.15 × 0.6=2.14 (kg/acre).
2. join the amount of application of fertilise
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients, respectively should apply the amount of application of corresponding nutrient fertilizer, calculate as follows:
Each nutrient join fertilising amount of application (kg/acre)=institute lacks (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients ÷ and plans to join the fertilizer content ÷ executing and plan to join this season availability of the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing.
Calculate by above-mentioned formula, it is as follows that each nutrient ullage should be joined fertilizing amount result:
Scarce phosphorus nutrients should be joined the fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of executing (kg/acre)=1.89 ÷ 0.12 ÷ 0.2=78.75 (kg/acre).
Institute's potassium deficiency attainment is divided the potassium chloride fertilizer amount of executing of should joining (kg/acre)=2.14 ÷ 0.6 ÷ 0.6=8.91 (kg/acre).
6, determining of rational application of fertilizers scheme
According to the result of the calculating of the result of calculation of main fertilise requirement and formula fertilizer requirement, rational application of fertilizers scheme is as follows:
Mu is executed 100 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, joins and executes 9 kilograms of 75 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride fertilizers.
Definite method of embodiment bis-, the fertilizer fertilization compositions based on earth measurement scheme taking pig manure as main fertilise
1, assumed condition
Suppose that soil nutrient testing result is: the content of organic matter is 28g/kg, pH value is 5.8, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 108
Mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus pentoxides are 32g/kg, quick-acting potassium oxides are 98mg/kg.
Hypothetical target output is 5000kg.Planting type is plastic film mulching cultivation.
Suppose that pig manure nutrient content is N-P-K=0.5-0.45-0.35, urea nitrogen content is 46%, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate phosphorus pentoxide content is 12%, and the potassium oxide content of potassium chloride fertilizer is 60%.
The calculating of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that 2, should absorb from soil
Realizing each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that a certain target output should absorb from soil is calculated as follows and can obtains:
Nitrogen (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=5 × 2.4=12 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=5 × 1.2=6 (kg/acre).
Potassium (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=5 × 3.2=16 (kg/acre).
3, soil can supply the calculating of nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=108 × 0.15 × 35%=5.67 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=32 × 0.15 × 20%=0.96 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment is divided (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=98 × 0.15 × 30%=4.41 (kg/acre).
4, the calculating of main fertilise pig manure requirement
Meeting the required each nutrient of target output (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) calculates as follows to main fertilise requirement:
Each nutrient should need main fertilise (kg/acre)=nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that [realizing required nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount absorbing from soil of a certain target output]-soil can supply] ÷ [the corresponding nutrient content × this season of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is produced the corresponding plant recovery of nutrient to the each nutrient of the alms giver of institute fertilise].
Nitrogen nutrient should need pig manure (kg/acre)=(12-5.67) ÷ (0.4% × 30%)=5275 (kg/acre).
Phosphorus nutrients should need pig manure (kg/acre)=(6-0.96) ÷ (0.45% × 15%)=7467 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment divide should need pig manure (kg/acre)=(16-4.41) ÷ (0.35% × 50%)=6623 (kg/acre).
5, join the calculating of fertilise requirement
1. lack amount of nutrients
After main fertilise amount is determined, lack the amount of (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each nutrient, calculate as follows:
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients (kg/acre)=(corresponding nutrient required main fertilise amount-main fertilise amount) × plan joins this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in fertilizer content × plan of executing.
Calculate by above-mentioned formula, the exposed result of each nutrient is as follows:
Phosphorus nutrients ullage (kg/acre)=(7467-5300) × 0.45% × 15%=1.46 (kg/acre).
Potassium attainment is divided ullage (kg/acre)=(6623-5300) × 0.35% × 50%=2.32 (kg/acre).
2. join the amount of application of fertilise
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients, respectively should apply the amount of application of corresponding nutrient fertilizer, calculate as follows:
Each nutrient join fertilising amount of application (kg/acre)=institute lacks (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients ÷ and plans to join the fertilizer content ÷ executing and plan to join this season availability of the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing.
Calculate by above-mentioned formula, it is as follows that each nutrient ullage should be joined fertilizing amount result:
Scarce phosphorus nutrients need be joined the fused calcium magnesium phosphate amount of executing (kg/acre)=1.46 ÷ 0.12 ÷ 0.2=60.8 (kg/acre).
Institute's potassium deficiency attainment is divided the potassium chloride fertilizer amount of executing of need joining (kg/acre)=2.32 ÷ 0.6 ÷ 0.5=7.73 (kg/acre).
6, determining of rational application of fertilizers scheme
According to the result of the calculating of the result of calculation of main fertilise requirement and formula fertilizer requirement, rational application of fertilizers scheme.
Mu is executed 5300 kilograms of pig manures, joins and executes 8 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate (50-75) kilogram and potassium chloride fertilizers.
Formula fertilizer amount of the present invention is more accurately more reliable, also more meet produce actual, the one, the determining of target output, considered variety type and characteristic, the target output proposing is more realistic, practical; The 2nd, soil can, for the calculating of amount of nutrients, provide by me and test for many years the concrete usage factor (percentage) drawing, more accurately and reliably; The 3rd, utilization rate of fertilizer, has proposed by different cultivation conditions, variety classes and nutrient, has introduced respectively its concrete value data, more practical; The 4th, in the selection of fertilizer type, take into full account the requirement to fertilizer characteristic of soil acidity or alkalinity and cucumber, propose under what soil acidity or alkalinity, to select what phosphate fertilizer, make the soil for growth environment of cucumber preferably; The 5th, joining in the calculating of fertilise amount, the computing formula of science is provided, make it more accurate in the calculating of joining fertile amount of application.
The formula that the present invention promotes answers that fertilise is disposable to be applied as base manure, and more existing point of base manure and the fertilizer practice of topdressing and combining have reduced labor because topdressing, saved production cost.
The employing of promoting is spread fertilizer over the fields, and divides fertilizer type, spreads fertilizer over the fields respectively after native face, and adopt the fertilizing method of fertilising limit, limit real tillage, more existing multiple fertilizer is mixed to be executed, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and has reduced fertilizer loss, realize the balanced fertilizer of soil, overcome prosperous the declining the phase of growth, improved output.
The fertilising post-processing technology of the number of times of turning over of determining according to fertilizing amount and cultivated soil working tool of promoting, more existing regardless of fertilizing amount and the cultivated soil working tool fertilising post-treatment measure of 1-2 time of turning over, there is clay fertilizer in conjunction with even, the survival rate of having guaranteed field planting is (observed according to me, mu is executed Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium +75 kg, manually dig 3 times or machinery is digged 2 times, after field planting, dead seedling is more) consistent with the entirety of growth potential.
The treatment measures of watering after the fertilising of promoting,, after more existing fertilising, cover mulch film or transplanting, there is fertilizer and dissolve comparatively fully, realize with fertilizer and supported soil, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, particularly plastic film mulching cultivation.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that performing creative labour can make or distortion still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the green cultivation of a cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the described green cultivation of cucumber soil testing and formulated fertilization method comprises:
Before step 1, formula, the contained organic matter of the soil to grown place and fertilizer, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content detect;
Step 2, according to the type of cucumber and kind, determine target output, reasonable selection cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, plastic film mulching cultivation and fertilizer type according to whether, selected cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise, determines the absorptive amount of cucumber to known each Main Nutrients;
Step 3, need fertile characteristic according to P in soil H value and crop, select fertilizer type;
The requirement of step 4, calculating definite main fertilise;
Step 5, calculating are also determined the requirement of joining fertilise;
Step 6, determine rational application of fertilizers scheme;
Step 7, determine fertilizing method.
2. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the method for the output that really sets the goal described in step 2 is: hybridization large fruit kind, and target output is 5000-7000 kilogram; Hybridization small fruit type kind, target output is 2500-3000 kilogram; Conventional large fruit kind, target output is 3500-4500 kilogram;
Further, the method that reasonable selection cucumber this season described in step 2 is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil is: in accordance with land used and the principle of increasing soil fertility and combining, cucumber this season is produced the availability to the each nutrient of soil, and nitrogen nutrient gets 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 30%.
3. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the method that the selected cucumber this season described in step 2 is produced the availability to the each nutrient of institute's fertilise is:
Under plastic film mulching cultivation condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 40%, phosphorus nutrients gets 20%, potassium attainment is divided and got 60%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 30%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%;
Under outdoor cropping condition, the availability of the contained each nutrient of chemical fertilizer, by nitrogen nutrient get 35%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 50%; The availability of the contained each nutrient of organic manure, by nitrogen nutrient get 25%, phosphorus nutrients gets 15%, potassium attainment is divided and got 40%.
4. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, it is characterized in that, the method of the absorptive amount of the definite cucumber described in step 2 to known each Main Nutrients is: 1000 kilograms of cucumber of every production need absorb 2.4 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 1.2 kilograms of quick-acting phosphorus pentoxides, 3.2 kilograms of quick-acting potassium oxides from soil.
5. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the method for selecting fertilizer type described in step 3 is:
According to P in soil H value, select fertilizer type, pH value is below 7, and nitrogen nutrient should be selected carbonic hydroammonium or urea; Phosphorus nutrients should be selected rock phosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use; PH value is more than 7, and nitrogen nutrient should select ammonium sulfate or urea; The suitable ssp dnab of phosphorus nutrients; What potassium fertilizer was conventional is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride fertilizer, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, all can use;
Need fertile characteristic according to crop, select fertilizer type, fear-chlorion crop should be selected sulfur-bearing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium sulphate fertilizer; Avoid sulphur crop and should select chloride Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or potassium chloride fertilizer.
6. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the calculating of the requirement of the main fertilise described in step 4 and definite method comprise:
The calculating of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that should absorb from soil:
Realizing each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that a certain target output should absorb from soil is calculated as follows and can obtains:
Nitrogen nutrient requirement (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to nitrogen nutrient absorptive amount;
Phosphorus nutrients requirement (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre) determined value of=target output × cucumber to phosphorus nutrients absorptive amount;
Potassium element nutrient requirement rate (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=target output × cucumber divides the determined value of absorptive amount to potassium attainment;
The calculating of nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount that soil can supply:
Nitrogen nutrient (purity nitrogen) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Phosphorus nutrients (phosphorus pentoxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
Potassium attainment divide (potassium oxide) (kg/acre)=soil nutrient detected value × 0.15 × cucumber this season produces the availability to the each nutrient of soil;
The calculating of main fertilise requirement:
Meeting the required each nutrient of target output (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) calculates as follows to main fertilise requirement:
The required main fertilise of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) (kg/acre)=nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) amount that [realizing required nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or the potassium) amount absorbing from soil of a certain target output]-soil can supply] ÷ [the corresponding nutrient content × this season of main fertilise (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is produced the corresponding plant recovery of nutrient to the each nutrient of the alms giver of institute fertilise];
Determining of main fertilise amount:
According to the calculating acquired results of above-mentioned main fertilise requirement, the amount that the minimum of getting the required main fertilise amount of each nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) is main fertilise.
7. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the calculating of the requirement of joining fertilise described in step 5 and definite method comprise:
After main fertilise amount is determined, lack the amount of (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each nutrient, calculate as follows:
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients (kg/acre)=(corresponding nutrient required main fertilise amount-main fertilise amount) × plan joins this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in fertilizer content × plan of executing;
Lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients, respectively should apply the amount of application of corresponding nutrient fertilizer, calculate as follows:
Each nutrient join fertilise amount of application (kg/acre)=lack (nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium) each amount of nutrients ÷ plan and join this season availability that the corresponding nutrient of fertilizer of executing is joined in the fertilizer content ÷ plan of executing.
8. the green cultivation of cucumber as claimed in claim 1 soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that, the fertilizing method described in step 7 comprises:
Promote and disposablely use as base manure:
Plastic film mulching cultivation, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, all the disposable base manure that does applies; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu following, do fertile disposable the applying of base manure by four point three of determined fertilising scheme fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; Outdoor cropping and production scale be 5 mu above, the determined fertilizer of the scheme of applying fertilizer, also does that base manure is disposable to be applied;
Promote the fertilizing method that point fertilizer type spreads fertilizer over the fields:
Employing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and divides fertilizer type, spread fertilizer over the fields respectively after native face, then real tillage;
Promote according to fertilizing amount and determine the number of times of turning over:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application, below 50 kilograms, manually need be turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at 50-75 kilogram, and machinery is turned over more than 2 times; Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium amount of application is at +75 kg, and machinery is turned over more than 3 times;
Promote the processing of watering after fertilising:
Whole the doing after furrow of turning over, no matter irrigation conditions how, no matter also plastic film mulching cultivation whether, all soil fully must be watered permeable after, treat that in native ditch, water is dry, when easy to operate, cover again mulch film or transplanting;
Promote and see that early seedling topdresses:
After transplant planting 10-15 days, depending on its melon seedling growing state, for the weak melon seedling of growing way, topdress in time once, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium or aqueous solution of urea that to topdress by concentration be 0.4%, every strain is watered 200 grams.
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