CN104186089A - Method for soil testing and formulated fertilization of tomatoes - Google Patents
Method for soil testing and formulated fertilization of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104186089A CN104186089A CN201410457460.7A CN201410457460A CN104186089A CN 104186089 A CN104186089 A CN 104186089A CN 201410457460 A CN201410457460 A CN 201410457460A CN 104186089 A CN104186089 A CN 104186089A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for soil testing and formulated fertilization of tomatoes. The method comprises the steps of firstly, calculating the usage amount of a fertilizer required by a production process of the tomatoes in season in two steps: step one, measuring the content of soil nutrients to ensure that the content of main soil nutrients can be adjusted to a fertilizer usage amount required by a health value, and step two, determining the nutrient amount required to be absorbed by the tomatoes of each season according to a target yield and a specific yield vegetable fertilizer absorption amount of the tomatoes, wherein the sum of the fertilizer usage amount and the nutrient amount is the fertilizer usage amount required to be applied to soil in the cultivation process of the tomatoes of each season; secondly, determining the ratio of a base fertilizer to an additional fertilizer in top dressing period and in the total fertilization amount; and finally, determining a fertilizer formula and a fertilization method for fertilizing the tomatoes in season. Compared with a conventional fertilization method, the novel soil testing and formulated fertilization method is more accurate and reliable, simpler and easier, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizers, saves the fertilizers, increases the fertility of soil, reduces soil pollution caused by improper fertilization and keeps the soil healthy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetable growing technical field, relate in particular to a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method.
Background technology
The intensive degree of Installation Vegetable Cultivation is high, planting density is large, cropping index is high, production environment is relatively airtight, the fertilizer amount applying is difficult for leaching loss, long-term accumulated, in soil, more easily causes that soil physico-chemical property worsens, microbial ecological balance is suffered to destroy, damage by disease and insect is serious, degradation series of problems under quality of vegetable, badly influences the sustainable development of facilities vegetable industry.
Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement is taking soil testing and manuring field trial as basis, demand rule according to crop to soil nutrient, the deliverability of soil nutrient and fertilizer effect, on the basis of Rational Application fertilizer, using quantity, using a set of fertilizing method system of period and application process of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and secondary and micro-element fertilizers proposed.Conventional soil testing and formulated fertilization method need to be verified utilization rate of fertilizer by fertilizer test, and soil nutrient availability is verified in nutritional deficiency test, utilizes fritter data-guiding land for growing field crops fertilising practice experimental field, and utilization test data then instructs the fertilising practice of Second Year.This conventional soil testing and formulated fertilization method is applicable to single plant that crop genetics area is large, crops for rotation are relatively fixing, the field crop of field fertility homogeneous, in the crop such as paddy rice, wheat, is able to spread.
Facilities vegetable has following features: single kind area under cultivation is relatively little, in garden, vegetable species and the kind of plantation are more, and the nutrient uptake feature difference of various vegetables is large, and crops for rotation arrange complicated and changeable, between peasant household, fertilization type and consumption differ, and field soil fertility difference is large etc.Thereby the method for conventional fertilization compositions based on earth measurement is difficult to application in vegetables production practices.In vegetables production at present, soil testing and formulated fertilization method is in fact applied seldom.
Along with the raising of living standards of the people, vegetables produce and more and more pursue quality, and using day by day of fertilizer paid attention to.In addition, the application of drip irrigation technique, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer is also more and more general.Higher at soil organic matter content, adopt under the condition of fertigation, utilization rate of fertilizer and soil nutrient absorption ratio will significantly improve.For conventional soil testing and formulated fertilization method vegetables produce in be difficult to application present situation and facilities vegetable produce in occur these new trends, in the urgent need to research and development novel soil testing and formulated fertilization method that adapt with it, simple and quick, workable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method.First the inventive method will calculate the consumption of required fertilizer in this season tomato production process in two steps: the first step, and the content fatting up by measuring soil, determines the content of soil Main Nutrients is adjusted to the required fertilizer amount of health value; Second step, according to the target output of tomato and and specific yield vegetables fertilizer-sucting quantity determine per season tomato amount of nutrients that need to absorb; Both additions are needs the fertilizer amount that is manured into soil in per season tomato cultivation process.Secondly according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of every tomato, determine base manure in the period of topdressing and total fertilizing amount and the ratio of topdressing.Finally determine fertilizer formula and the fertilizing method of the fertilising of this season tomato.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1, soil nutrient detects
(1) sampling: adopt S type to layout in planting site, get the aggregate sample of 10-20 sub-sampling point, depth selection is 20cm, 1.0 kilograms of left and right of mixed soil sample.
(2) detect: the soil sample of fetching is naturally dried, pulverized as for ventilation in toilet, carry out pre-treatment, the content of organic matter of detection plantation field soil and available N, P, K content
2, according to the type of tomato, kind, and the output situation of planting site, determine the target output of every kind of vegetables unit are.
3, according to the organic matter of healthy soil and N, P, the calculating of K content's index, present soil is adjusted to the required fertilizer amount applying of healthy soil, according to target output and specific yield vegetables fertilizer-sucting quantity unit of account area vegetables fertilizer requirement, both additions draw the total amount of the required N being manured into soil, P, K.
(1) soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and effective potassium content are adjusted to health value, calculation of fertilization amount formula is: fertilizing amount (kg)=(C
1-C
2) × S × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000
In formula: C
1-healthy soil index (mg/kg)
C
2soil nutrient content (mg/kg) before-basal dressing
S-cultivated area (m
2)
150000-every mu 20 cm topsoil soils weight (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000000-soil nutrient is converted into 1 kg coefficient
(2) determine and reach target output fertilizer requirement with the required total nutrient content of formation 1000 kg market vegetables according to tomato target output, calculation of fertilization amount formula is: fertilizing amount (kg)=S × m
1× m
2÷ 667 ÷ 1000
In formula: S-cultivated area (m
2)
M
1-target output (kg/ mu)
M
2-formation required the nutrient of 1000 kg market vegetables (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000-the required nutrient of formation 1000 kg market vegetables is converted into 1 kg coefficient
(3) in per season tomato cultivation process, need the fertilizer amount computing formula being manured into soil to be: total fertilizing amount=soil is adjusted to the required fertilizing amount+tomato of health value reaches target output fertilizer requirement.
4,, according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of every tomato, determine the period of topdressing, base manure and the ratio of topdressing in total fertilizing amount.
5, determine fertilizer formula and the fertilizing method of the fertilising of this season tomato.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method of the present invention, compared with traditional soil testing and formulated fertilization method, this novel soil testing and formulated fertilization method tool has the following advantages: the feature of 1) having considered plantation Soils In The Region and varieties of plant, determine that target output is realistic, according to target output and the selected fertilization type of vegetables regulation of fertilizer requirement and fertilizing amount, more accurately and reliably; 2) simple, only need are measured the nutrient content of soil, and this season is surveyed native this season and just be can be used for instructing this season to produce, saving of work and time; 3) fertilization compositions based on earth measurement has improved the availability of fertilizer; Save fertilizer, increase soil fertility, reduce the soil pollution that improper fertilization brings, keep soil health.
Embodiment
[0015] embodiment: taking somewhere plantation plastic tunnel tomato as example, the long 60m of booth, wide 8m, cultivated area is 420.8m
2, comprise the following steps:
1, soil nutrient detects
(1) sampling: adopt S type to layout in planting site, get the aggregate sample of 10-20 sub-sampling point, depth selection is 20cm, 1.0 kilograms of left and right of mixed soil sample.
(2) detect: the soil sample of fetching is naturally dried, pulverized as for ventilation in toilet, carry out pre-treatment, the content of organic matter of detection plantation field soil and available N, P, K content.
The testing result of the soil nutrient on tomato production ground is after measured: the content of organic matter is 0.96% ~ 1.29%, and available nitrogen content is that 140.63 mg/kg, available phosphorus (in P2O5, lower same) content are that 14.72 mg/kg, effective potassium are (with K
2o meter, lower with) content is 121.81 mg/kg.
2, the method for determining target output adds 10% for plantation tomato variety the first three years average yield, and tomato target output is 3500kg/ mu.
3, the fertilizer amount that needs in per season tomato cultivation process to be manured into soil comprise by soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and effectively potassium content be adjusted to the required fertilizing amount of health value and tomato reaches target output fertilizer requirement two parts.
(1) content of organic matter of supposing healthy soil is >4%, and available nitrogen content is that 200 mg/kg, available phosphorus content are 50 mg/kg, effectively potassium content is 150 mg/kg.
The computing formula that soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and effective potassium content are adjusted to health value fertilizing amount is: fertilizing amount (kg)=(C
1-C
2) × S × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000
In formula: C
1-healthy soil index (mg/kg)
C
2soil nutrient content (mg/kg) before-basal dressing
S-cultivated area (m
2)
150000-every mu 20 cm topsoil soils weight (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000000-soil nutrient is converted into 1 kg coefficient
As calculated, the fertilizing amount that is adjusted to the needs of healthy soil is:
N fertilizer (purity nitrogen) (kg/ canopy)=(200-140.63) × 420.8 × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000=5.62
P fertilizer (P
2o
5) (kg/ canopy)=(50-14.72) × 420.8 × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000=3.34
K fertilizer (K
2o) (kg/ canopy)=(150-121.81) × 420.8 × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000=2.67
(2) the every formation 1000 kg market vegetables of tomato need nitrogen 4.5 kg, phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter, lower with) 1.0 kg, potassium are (with K
2o meter, lower same) 5.0 kg.Determine and reach target output fertilizer requirement with the required total nutrient content of formation 1000 kg market vegetables according to tomato target output, computing formula is: fertilizing amount (kg)=S × m
1× m
2÷ 667 ÷ 1000
In formula: S-cultivated area (m
2)
M
1-target output (kg/ mu)
M
2-formation required the nutrient of 1000 kg market vegetables (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000-the required nutrient of formation 1000 kg market vegetables is converted into 1 kg coefficient
As calculated, the fertilizing amount that reaches tomato target output fertilizer requirement is:
N fertilizer (purity nitrogen) (kg/ canopy)=420.8 × 3500 × 4.5 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000=9.94
P fertilizer (P
2o
5) (kg/ canopy)=420.8 × 3500 × 1.0 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000=2.21
K fertilizer (K
2o) (kg/ canopy)=420.8 × 3500 × 5.0 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000=11.04
(3) the fertile amount computing formula that needs to be manured into soil in per season tomato cultivation process is: total fertilizing amount=by soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and effectively potassium content be adjusted to the required fertilizing amount+tomato of health value and reach target output fertilizer requirement.
As calculated, in per season tomato cultivation process, total fertilizing amount is:
N fertilizer (purity nitrogen) (kg/ canopy)=5.62+9.94=15.56
P fertilizer (P
2o
5) (kg/ canopy)=3.34+2.21=5.55
K fertilizer (K
2o) (kg/ canopy)=2.67+11.04=13.71.
4,, according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of every tomato, determine the period of topdressing, base manure and the ratio of topdressing in total fertilizing amount.Phosphate fertilizer all applies as base manure is disposable, and nitrogenous fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer Application comprise base manure and topdress (tiller fertilizer, fruit promoting fertilizer, Sheng Guofei, anti-early ageing fertilizer) point applies for 5 times.The ratio at every turn applying of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer is base manure: tiller fertilizer: fruit promoting fertilizer: Sheng Guofei: anti-early ageing fertilizer=20%:10%:20%:30%:20%.
5, fertilizer application formula and the fertilizing method of this season plantation tomato are:
(1) base manure is applied in canopy and ploughs for the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields by people, and the fertilizing amount of base manure is: base manure comprises fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
the amount of application of fertilizer in base manure: the fertilizer in using cow dung and colza cake as base manure, after this technology cow dung used dries, available nitrogen content is 2146.45 mg/kg, and available phosphorus content is 4242.88 mg/kg, and effectively potassium content is 5256.33 mg/kg, cow dung dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings ratio is 0.32, after the seedcake of this technology dish used is dried, available nitrogen content 5183.15 mg/kg, available phosphorus content 1243.30 mg/kg, effectively potassium content 13795.89 mg/kg, colza cake dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings ratio is 0.93.Accordingly, in base manure, the fertilizing amount of fertilizer is cow dung 2716kg/ mu, and colza cake is 238kg/ mu.
the amount of application of chemical fertilizer in base manure: in this technology, chemical fertilizer used refers to that urea (containing N>=46%) and potassium sulfate are (containing K
2o>=50%), in base manure, the fertilizing amount of urea is 12.42 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18 kg.
(2) topdress and apply in canopy with pouring water by irrigate band.The fertilizing amount of topdressing is:
For ensureing tomato growth later stage nutrient supply, divide and impose urea and potassium sulfate four times in its whole vegetative period:
gently execute for the first time tiller fertilizer: finish to apply urea 2.16 kg, potassium sulfate 1.59 kg in conjunction with watering after restraining the growth of seedlings.
heavy dressing fruit promoting fertilizer for the second time: impose urea 4.32 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18 kg in the time that the first fringe fruit starts to expand.
execute ingeniously for the third time and contain fruit fertilizer: when the second fringe fruit starts to expand after the first fringe fruit is gathered, impose urea 6.48 kg, potassium sulfate 4.77 kg.
the last suitable anti-early ageing fertilizer of executing: impose urea 4.32 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18kg after the second fringe fruit is gathered end before Sansui fruit is gathered.
6, as can be seen from Table 1, ' No. one, Jinpeng ' the tomato spring is cultivated average yield per mu approximately 3500 kg in advance, utilizes conventional method fertilising average amount of fertilizer applied to be about every mu of pig manure 4000 kg, urea 80 kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50 kg; Utilize the present invention to reach 3509 kg in the per mu yield of identical crops for rotation tomato, every mu of fertilizer amount is fresh cow dung 2717 kg, colza cake 238 kg, urea 47.07kg, potassium sulfate 25.19 kg.Show to adopt Formula fertilization by soil testing of the present invention not falling the fertilizing amount that significantly reduces unit are under low-producing prerequisite.
The fertilizing amount of table 1 conventional fertilizer application and rational application of fertilizers and the comparison of tomato yield
The present invention is described in detail invention by specific embodiment, but the scope of application not limiting the present invention in any way.
Claims (10)
1. a tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) soil nutrient detects
sampling: adopt S type to layout in planting site, get the aggregate sample of 10-20 sub-sampling point, depth selection is 20cm, 1.0 kilograms of left and right of mixed soil sample;
detect: the soil sample of fetching is naturally dried, pulverized as for ventilation in toilet, carry out pre-treatment, the content of organic matter of detection plantation field soil and available N, P, K content;
(2) according to the type of tomato, kind, and the output situation of planting site, determine the target output of tomato unit are;
(3) according to the organic matter of healthy soil and N, P, the calculating of K content's index, present soil is adjusted to the required fertilizer amount applying of healthy soil, according to target output and specific yield tomato fertilizer-sucting quantity unit of account area vegetables fertilizer requirement, both additions draw the total amount of the required N being manured into soil, P, K;
(4), according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of tomato, determine base manure in the period of topdressing, total fertilizing amount and the ratio of topdressing;
(5) determine rational application of fertilizers scheme and fertilizing method.
2. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described planting site of step (1) is the plastic tunnel of long 60m, wide 8m, and cultivated area is 420.8 m
2; Step (2) determines that the method for target output adds 10% for planting tomato variety the first three years average yield, and definite tomato target output is 3500kg/ mu.
3. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the soil organic matter content on tomato production ground is 0.96% ~ 1.29%, and available nitrogen content is that 140.63 mg/kg, available phosphorus are with P
2o
5meter content is that 14.72 mg/kg, effective potassium are with K
2o meter content is 121.81 mg/kg.
4. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the content of organic matter of healthy soil is >4%, and available nitrogen content is that 200 mg/kg, available phosphorus content are 50 mg/kg, effectively potassium content is 150 mg/kg.
5. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the every formation 1000 kg market vegetables of tomato need nitrogen 4.5 kg, phosphorus 1.0 kg, potassium 5.0 kg.
6. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and effective potassium content are adjusted to health value, and calculation of fertilization amount formula is:
Fertilizing amount (kg)=(C
1-C
2) × S × 150000 ÷ 667 ÷ 1000000
In formula: C
1-healthy soil index (mg/kg)
C
2soil nutrient content (mg/kg) before-basal dressing
S-cultivated area (m
2)
150000-every mu 20 cm topsoil soils weight (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000000-soil nutrient is converted into 1 kg coefficient.
7. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, determine and reach target output fertilizer requirement with the required total nutrient content of formation 1000 kg market vegetables according to tomato target output, calculation of fertilization amount formula is: fertilizing amount (kg)=S × m
1× m
2÷ 667 ÷ 1000
In formula: S-cultivated area (m
2)
M
1-target output (kg/ mu)
M
2-formation required the nutrient of 1000 kg market vegetables (kg)
Area (the m of 667-every mu soil
2)
1000-the required nutrient of formation 1000 kg market vegetables is converted into 1 kg coefficient.
8. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in per season tomato cultivation process, need the fertilizer amount computing formula being manured into soil to be: total fertilizing amount=reach target output fertilizer requirement to the required fertilizing amount+tomato of health value by whole soil.
9. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, phosphate fertilizer all applies as base manure is disposable, and nitrogenous fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer Application comprise base manure and topdress and point apply for 5 times; Topdress as tiller fertilizer, fruit promoting fertilizer, Sheng Guofei and anti-early ageing fertilizer; The ratio at every turn applying of nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer is base manure: tiller fertilizer: fruit promoting fertilizer: Sheng Guofei: anti-early ageing fertilizer=20%:10%:20%:30%:20%.
10. a kind of tomato soil testing and formulated fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer formula and fertilizing method are:
(1) base manure is applied in canopy and ploughs for the mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields by people, and base manure comprises fertilizer and chemical fertilizer;
the amount of application of fertilizer in base manure: the fertilizer in using cow dung and colza cake as base manure, fertilizing amount is cow dung 2716kg/ mu, colza cake is 238kg/ mu;
the amount of application of chemical fertilizer in base manure: in base manure, the fertilizing amount of urea is 12.42 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18 kg;
(2) topdress and apply in canopy with pouring water by irrigate band
For ensureing tomato growth later stage nutrient supply, divide and impose urea and potassium sulfate four times in its whole vegetative period:
gently execute for the first time tiller fertilizer: finish to apply urea 2.16 kg, potassium sulfate 1.59 kg in conjunction with watering after restraining the growth of seedlings;
heavy dressing fruit promoting fertilizer for the second time: impose urea 4.32 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18 kg in the time that the first fringe fruit starts to expand;
execute ingeniously for the third time and contain fruit fertilizer: when the second fringe fruit starts to expand after the first fringe fruit is gathered, impose urea 6.48 kg, potassium sulfate 4.77 kg;
the last suitable anti-early ageing fertilizer of executing: impose urea 4.32 kg, potassium sulfate 3.18kg after the second fringe fruit is gathered end before Sansui fruit is gathered.
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| CN109892091A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-18 | 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 | Intelligent fertilizing method and device, server |
| CN109892091B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-10-08 | 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 | Intelligent fertilizing method and device and server |
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