CN101341841A - Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple - Google Patents
Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN101341841A CN101341841A CNA2008101389670A CN200810138967A CN101341841A CN 101341841 A CN101341841 A CN 101341841A CN A2008101389670 A CNA2008101389670 A CN A2008101389670A CN 200810138967 A CN200810138967 A CN 200810138967A CN 101341841 A CN101341841 A CN 101341841A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an apple soil testing prescription fertilization method which is realized through three steps, namely soil nutrient testing, mixed fertilizing rate and fertilization, achieves scientific and reasonable fertilization, takes actions that suit local circumstances, does not lead to the nutrient loss, unbalance, non-point pollution and acidification of the soil, appropriately fertilizes, improves the fruit quality, has no pollution and physiological diseases, and in particular applicable in apple land fertilization.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention designs a kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method, particularly a kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple.
Background technology:
At present, China's agricultural fertilizer, the particularly fertilising of apple tree, the organic phenomenon of heavy light inorganic is general, and chemical fertilizer accounts for more than the 80-90%, and most peasant does not understand soil nutrient status and apple tree regulation of fertilizer requirement, continue to use the habits fertilization pattern, it is excessive to apply fertilizer, and method is improper, causes loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification more and more heavier; Use chemical fertilizer for a long time in a large number, bring a lot of insoluble problems to people, as: physiological disease increases the weight of, biennial fruiting, fruit quality decline, groundwater contamination etc.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that a kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple proper, that do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, raising fruit quality, pollution-free, no physiological disease that applies fertilizer will be provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: select typical orchard, block area is a 1.5-10 mu, on map sheet and application form, carry out record, during sampling inside and outside the top fruit sprayer outer each 30-50 centimetre circumference get two points, an orchard is to crawl to arrange selects 10-15 tree, sampling depth 0-40 centimetre, after all sampled point soil samples are mixed, leave and take 1 kilogram of left and right sides sample by quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with the fertilising position;
2) detect: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, enter detection, detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and in, trace element, obtain test value;
2. joining fertile amount calculates:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, unit is a kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu is executed urea amount=target output * 0.412/18.4;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu is executed superphosphate amount=(target output * 0.00068-A* test value) * 2.3/0.12/0.22, and the span of A is 0-0.0225;
Potash fertilizer: mu is executed potassium sulphate amount=(target output * 0.00513-B* test value) * 1.2/0.5/0.45, and the span of B is 0-0.045;
3. fertilising:, join fertile back branch in proportion and apply fertilizer for three times according to above result calculated.
A most preferred embodiment of the present invention is: fertilising may further comprise the steps: 1. before fruit tree bud, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, during by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3-4/5; 2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/5-1/3, and phosphate fertilizer is disposable to apply, and the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/3-1/2; 3. in the fruit growth later stage, based on potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/2-2/3; More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising; Soil acidity or alkalinity is measured utilization acidometer method, the organic utilization potassium dichromate method of measuring, quick-acting nitrogen determination utilization alkaline hydrolysis diffusion processs, available phosphorus is measured the utilization sodium bicarbonate and is extracted molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium is measured the utilization ammonium acetate and is extracted flare photometer, in, determination of trace element utilization atomic absorption method.
Another optimum implementation of the present invention is: fertilising adopts nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content to be respectively 17%, 10%, 18%, the prescription fertilizer of total nutrient content 45%, it takes following steps: 1. before fruit tree bud, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthen the usage amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer recruitment is: mu should replenish urea amount=mu should use urea amount-fertile amount/2.7 of use prescription; 2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthens the usage amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the recruitment of phosphate fertilizer is: mu should replenish superphosphate amount=mu should use superphosphate amount-fertile * 5/6 of measuring of use prescription; 3. in the fruit growth later stage, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year; More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising; Soil acidity or alkalinity is measured utilization acidometer method, the organic utilization potassium dichromate method of measuring, quick-acting nitrogen determination utilization alkaline hydrolysis diffusion processs, available phosphorus is measured the utilization sodium bicarbonate and is extracted molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium is measured the utilization ammonium acetate and is extracted flare photometer, in, determination of trace element utilization atomic absorption method.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Owing to adopted the soil nutrient detection, joined fertile amount calculating, three steps of fertilising, the soil has been carried out balance fertilizing, thereby, do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, it is proper to apply fertilizer, and improves fruit quality, pollution-free, no physiological disease.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1, soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: select typical orchard, block area is a 1.5-10 mu, on map sheet and application form, carry out record, during sampling inside and outside the top fruit sprayer outer each 30-50 centimetre circumference get two points, an orchard is to crawl to arrange selects 10-15 tree, sampling depth 0-40 centimetre, after all sampled point soil samples are mixed, leave and take 1 kilogram of left and right sides sample by quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with the fertilising position;
2) detect: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, enter detection, detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and in, trace element; Soil acidity or alkalinity is measured utilization acidometer method, the organic utilization potassium dichromate method of measuring, quick-acting nitrogen determination utilization alkaline hydrolysis diffusion processs, available phosphorus is measured the utilization sodium bicarbonate and is extracted molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium is measured the utilization ammonium acetate and is extracted flare photometer, in, determination of trace element utilization atomic absorption method, to obtain test value;
2, joining fertile amount calculates:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, unit is a kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu is executed urea amount=target output * 0.412/18.4;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu is executed superphosphate amount=(target output * 0.00068-A* test value) * 2.3/0.12/0.22, and the span of A is 0-0.0225, when test value＜50, the value of A is 0, and when test value 50-100, the value of A is 0.0225, when test value＞100, the value of A is 0.015;
Potash fertilizer: mu is executed potassium sulphate amount=(target output * 0.00513-B* test value) * 1.2/0.5/0.45, the span of B is 0-0.045, when test value＜120, the value of B is 0, and when test value 120-250, the value of B is 0.045, when test value 250-320, the value of B is 0.0375, and when test value＞320, the value of B is 0.0345;
3, fertilising: according to above result calculated, join fertile back branch in proportion and apply fertilizer for three times, fertilising may further comprise the steps: 1. before fruit tree bud, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, during by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3-4/5; 2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/5-1/3, and phosphate fertilizer is disposable to apply, and the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/3-1/2; 3. in the fruit growth later stage, based on potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/2-2/3; More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising.
Embodiment 2:
1, soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: select typical orchard, block area is a 1.5-10 mu, on map sheet and application form, carry out record, during sampling inside and outside the top fruit sprayer outer each 30-50 centimetre circumference get two points, an orchard is to crawl to arrange selects 10-15 tree, sampling depth 0-40 centimetre, after all sampled point soil samples are mixed, leave and take 1 kilogram of left and right sides sample by quartering, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with the fertilising position;
2) detect: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, enter detection, detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and in, trace element; Soil acidity or alkalinity is measured utilization acidometer method, the organic utilization potassium dichromate method of measuring, quick-acting nitrogen determination utilization alkaline hydrolysis diffusion processs, available phosphorus is measured the utilization sodium bicarbonate and is extracted molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium is measured the utilization ammonium acetate and is extracted flare photometer, in, determination of trace element utilization atomic absorption method, to obtain test value;
2, joining fertile amount calculates:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, unit is a kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu is executed urea amount=target output * 0.412/18.4;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu is executed superphosphate amount=(target output * 0.00068-A* test value) * 2.3/0.12/0.22, and the span of A is 0-0.0225, when test value＜50, the value of A is 0, and when test value 50-100, the value of A is 0.0225, when test value＞100, the value of A is 0.015;
Potash fertilizer: mu is executed potassium sulphate amount=(target output * 0.00513-B* test value) * 1.2/0.5/0.45, the span of B is 0-0.045, when test value＜120, the value of B is 0, and when test value 120-250, the value of B is 0.045, when test value 250-320, the value of B is 0.0375, and when test value＞320, the value of B is 0.0345;
3, fertilising: according to above result calculated, joining fertile back branch in proportion applies fertilizer for three times, fertilising adopts nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content to be respectively 17%, 10%, 18%, the prescription fertilizer of total nutrient content 45%, it takes following steps: 1. before fruit tree bud, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthens the usage amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer recruitment is: mu should replenish urea amount=mu and should use urea amount-use prescription fertilizer to measure/2.7; 2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthens the usage amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the recruitment of phosphate fertilizer is: mu should replenish superphosphate amount=mu should use superphosphate amount-fertile * 5/6 of measuring of use prescription; 3. in the fruit growth later stage, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year; More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sampling: selecting block area is the orchard of 1.5-10 mu, on map sheet and application form, carry out record, during sampling inside and outside the top fruit sprayer outer each 30-50 centimetre circumference get two points, an orchard is to crawl to arrange selects 10-15 tree, sampling depth 0-40 centimetre, all sampled point soil samples are left and taken 1 kilogram of left and right sides sample by quartering after mixing, fill out a questionnaire, accomplish that sampling point is consistent with the fertilising position;
2) detect: dry soil sample, carry out pre-treatment, enter detection, detect soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and in, trace element, obtain test value;
2. joining fertile amount calculates:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, unit is a kilogram, formula is calculated as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu is executed urea amount=target output * 0.412/18.4;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu is executed superphosphate amount=(target output * 0.00068-A* test value) * 2.3/0.12/0.22, and the span of A is 0-0.0225;
Potash fertilizer: mu is executed potassium sulphate amount=(target output * 0.00513-B* test value) * 1.2/0.5/0.45, and the span of B is 0-0.045;
3. fertilising:, join fertile back branch in proportion and apply fertilizer for three times according to above result calculated.
2, soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilising may further comprise the steps:
1. before fruit tree bud, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, during by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 2/3-4/5;
2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 1/5-1/3, and phosphate fertilizer is disposable to apply, and the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/3-1/2;
3. in the fruit growth later stage, based on potash fertilizer, if by side's fertilising, the potash fertilizer usage amount is annual 1/2-2/3;
More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising.
3, soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilising employing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 17%, 10%, 18%, the prescription fertilizer of total nutrient content 45%, and it takes following steps:
1. before fruit tree bud, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthens the usage amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer recruitment is: mu should replenish urea amount=mu and should use urea amount-use prescription fertilizer to measure/2.7;
2. in flower bud differentiation and fruit expanding period, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year, strengthens the usage amount of phosphate fertilizer, and the recruitment of phosphate fertilizer is: mu should replenish superphosphate amount=mu should use superphosphate amount-fertile * 5/6 of measuring of use prescription;
3. in the fruit growth later stage, the fertile usage amount of filling a prescription is 1/3 of the whole year;
More than based on radial canal shape fertilising, ditch depth 20cm, fertilizer fully mixes with soil, pours water after the fertilising.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple, the detection method that it is characterized in that is: soil acidity or alkalinity is measured utilization acidometer method, the organic utilization potassium dichromate method of measuring, quick-acting nitrogen determination utilization alkaline hydrolysis diffusion processs, available phosphorus is measured the utilization sodium bicarbonate and is extracted molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium is measured the utilization ammonium acetate and is extracted flare photometer, in, determination of trace element utilization atomic absorption method.
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| CN102126898A (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-20 | 和原生态控股股份有限公司 | Production method for biological fertilizer and product thereof |
| CN102246629A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-11-23 | 孙杰 | Fertilizing method for quantitatively packing fertilizers with filter papers |
| CN102282949A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-12-21 | 汕头市微补植物营养科技有限公司 | Method for fertilizing bagged apples |
| CN102308697A (en) * | 2010-07-11 | 2012-01-11 | 山东农业大学 | Method for controlling total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applied to apple trees and carrying out top dressing retroposition fertilization |
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| CN109566223A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-05 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州林业科学研究院 | A kind of slenium-rich walnut cultivation technique |
| CN110078569A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-02 | 陇东学院 | Carbon-based full dose water soluble fertilizer of a kind of apple special utility acidity and preparation method thereof |
| CN111837778A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Alternative-special-essence-reduction irrigation fertilization method for apple in each growth stage |
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