CN103125192B - Open country large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method - Google Patents
Open country large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125192B CN103125192B CN201310064041.2A CN201310064041A CN103125192B CN 103125192 B CN103125192 B CN 103125192B CN 201310064041 A CN201310064041 A CN 201310064041A CN 103125192 B CN103125192 B CN 103125192B
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Abstract
A kind of open country large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, by detecting, join the calculation of fertile gauge to soil nutrient, fertilising three steps realize, reach scientific and reasonable fertilising, accomplished to suit measures to local conditions, thus, do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, apply fertilizer proper, improve fruit quality, pollution-free, without physiological disease, be particularly suitable for the use of large cherry fertilising.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention designs a kind of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, particularly a kind of large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method.
Background technology:
At present, China's agricultural fertilizer, the particularly fertilising of large cherry, most farmers does not understand the regulation of fertilizer requirement of soil nutrient status and large cherry, continue to use habits fertilization pattern, apply fertilizer excessive, method is improper, cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification are more and more heavier, the field pH that part plants large cherry throughout the year have dropped 1.2 units; Use chemical fertilizer in a large number for a long time, bring a lot of insoluble problem, as production declining 9.7%, physiological disease increases the weight of, the decline of biennial fruiting, fruit quality, groundwater contamination etc.
Summary of the invention:
It is proper that object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of fertilising, do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, raising fruit quality, pollution-free, without the open country large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method in the full bearing period of physiological disease.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sample: a cherry orchard is that chequered order selects 10-12 tree, avoid limit, field, during sampling, get two points, sampling depth 0-30 centimetre along each 30-50 centimetre circumference inside and outside top fruit sprayer outer, after all sampled point soil sample mixing, leave and take about 1 kilogram sample by quartering;
2) detect: dry soil sample, reject stone and cross 2 mm sieve, entering detection, detecting soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain test value; The test result of soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter and available nitrogen, as the reference value of soil nutrient, is being joined in the fertile computing formula measured not as parameter;
2. join fertile gauge to calculate:
According to the result of test value, carry out joining the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, the unit of target output is thousand grams/acre, and the unit of the result of calculation of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is kilogram, and formulae discovery is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu urea application amount=target output × 0.003/0.46/0.28;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu executes superphosphate amount=(target output × 0.0006-A × soil available phosphorus test value) × 2.2/0.12/0.22, the span of A is 0-0.02, as soil available phosphorus test value < 50mg/kg, the value of A is 0, as soil available phosphorus test value 50-100mg/kg, the value of A is 0.01, and as soil available phosphorus test value > 100mg/kg, the value of A is 0.02;
Potash fertilizer: mu executes potassium sulfate amount=(target output × 0.005-B × soil available nitrogen test value)/0.5/0.45, the span of B is 0-0.04, as soil available nitrogen test value < 120mg/kg, the value of B is 0, as soil available nitrogen test value 120-250mg/kg, the value of B is 0.02, when soil available nitrogen test value is 250-320mg/kg, the value of B is 0.03, as soil available nitrogen test value > 320mg/kg, the value of B is 0.04;
3. apply fertilizer: according to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice after joining fertilizer in proportion.
Fertilising of the present invention comprises the following steps: 1. initial bloom stage, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 60-80%, and phosphate fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year, and potash fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year; 2. (about 10 days) after fruit picking, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 20-40%, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%; Fertilization mode for evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields in tree dish, and draws hoe gently, loam is mixed, then waters.
The computing formula of target output of the present invention is, average annual productivity × 120% of target output=first 3 years.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Detect owing to have employed soil nutrient, join the calculation of fertile gauge, fertilising three steps, balance fertilizing has been carried out to soil, thus, do not cause loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, pollution of area source, soil acidification, apply fertilizer proper, utilization rate of fertilizer can improve 3-5%, improve fruit quality and output, large cherry output on average improves more than 10%, free from environmental pollution, and physiological disease alleviates.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1, soil nutrient detects:
1) sample: a cherry orchard is that chequered order selects 10-12 tree, avoid limit, field, during sampling, get two points, sampling depth 0-30 centimetre along each 30-50 centimetre circumference inside and outside top fruit sprayer outer, after all sampled point soil sample mixing, leave and take about 1 kilogram sample by quartering;
2) detect: dry soil sample, reject stone and cross 2 mm sieve, entering detection, detecting soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium; Soil acidity or alkalinity measures uses pH meter, organic mensuration uses potassium dichromate method, and available nitrogen measures and uses alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and available phosphorus measures and uses sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium measures uses acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, to obtain test value; The test result in sampling plot is available phosphorus is 21mg/kg, and available potassium is 78mg/kg;
2, join fertile gauge to calculate:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of joining fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, the unit of target output is thousand grams/acre, the target output in sampling plot is 870,000 grams/acre, and the unit of the result of calculation of plot nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is kilogram, and formulae discovery is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu urea application amount=target output × 0.003/0.46/0.28=870 × 0.003/0.46/0.28=20.3 kilogram;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu executes superphosphate amount=(target output × 0.0006-A × soil available phosphorus test value) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=(870 × 0.0006-0 × 21) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=43.5 kilogram;
Potash fertilizer: mu executes potassium sulfate amount=(target output × 0.005-B × soil available nitrogen test value)/0.5/0.45=(870 × 0.005-0 × 78)/0.5/0.45=19.3 kilogram;
3, apply fertilizer: according to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice after joining fertilizer in proportion.Fertilising comprises the following steps: 1. initial bloom stage, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 60-80%, and phosphate fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year, and potash fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year; 2. (about 10 days) after fruit picking, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 20-40%, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%; Fertilization mode for evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields in tree dish, and draws hoe gently, loam is mixed, then waters.
Embodiment 2:
1, soil nutrient detects:
1) sample: a cherry orchard is that chequered order selects 10-12 tree, avoid limit, field, during sampling, get two points, sampling depth 0-30 centimetre along each 30-50 centimetre circumference inside and outside top fruit sprayer outer, after all sampled point soil sample mixing, leave and take about 1 kilogram sample by quartering;
2) detect: dry soil sample, reject stone and cross 2 mm sieve, entering detection, detecting soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium; Soil acidity or alkalinity measures uses pH meter, organic mensuration uses potassium dichromate method, and available nitrogen measures and uses alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and available phosphorus measures and uses sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium measures uses acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, to obtain test value; The test result in sampling plot is available phosphorus is 50mg/kg, and available potassium is 103mg/kg;
2, join fertile gauge to calculate:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of joining fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, the unit of target output is thousand grams/acre, the target output in sampling plot is 1,003 thousand grams/acre, and the unit of the result of calculation of plot nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is kilogram, and formulae discovery is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu urea application amount=target output × 0.003/0.46/0.28=1003 × 0.003/0.46/0.28=23.4 kilogram;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu executes superphosphate amount=(target output × 0.0006-A × soil available phosphorus test value) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=(1003 × 0.0006-0.01 × 50) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=41.7 kilogram;
Potash fertilizer: mu executes potassium sulfate amount=(target output × 0.005-B × soil available nitrogen test value)/0.5/0.45=(1003 × 0.005-0 × 103)/0.5/0.45=22.3 kilogram;
3, apply fertilizer: according to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice after joining fertilizer in proportion.Fertilising comprises the following steps: 1. initial bloom stage, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 60-80%, and phosphate fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year, and potash fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year; 2. (about 10 days) after fruit picking, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 20-40%, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%; Fertilization mode for evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields in tree dish, and draws hoe gently, loam is mixed, then waters.
Embodiment 3:
1, soil nutrient detects:
1) sample: a cherry orchard is that chequered order selects 10-12 tree, avoid limit, field, during sampling, get two points, sampling depth 0-30 centimetre along each 30-50 centimetre circumference inside and outside top fruit sprayer outer, after all sampled point soil sample mixing, leave and take about 1 kilogram sample by quartering;
2) detect: dry soil sample, reject stone and cross 2 mm sieve, entering detection, detecting soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium; Soil acidity or alkalinity measures uses pH meter, organic mensuration uses potassium dichromate method, and available nitrogen measures and uses alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, and available phosphorus measures and uses sodium bicarbonate to extract molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium measures uses acetic acid by extracting flare photometer, to obtain test value; The test result in sampling plot is available phosphorus is 78mg/kg, and available potassium is 180mg/kg;
2, join fertile gauge to calculate:
According to the result of test value, carry out the calculating of joining fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, the unit of target output is thousand grams/acre, the target output in sampling plot is 1,126 thousand grams/acre, and the unit of the result of calculation of plot nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is kilogram, and formulae discovery is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu urea application amount=target output × 0.003/0.46/0.28=1126 × 0.003/0.46/0.28=26.2 kilogram;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu executes superphosphate amount=(target output × 0.0006-A × soil available phosphorus test value) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=(1126 × 0.0006-0.01 × 78) × 2.2/0.12/0.22=-8.7 kilogram; Result of calculation is negative value, and this sampling plot does not need to use phosphate fertilizer;
Potash fertilizer: mu executes potassium sulfate amount=(target output × 0.005-B × soil available nitrogen test value)/0.5/0.45=(1126 × 0.005-0.02 × 180)/0.5/0.45=9.0 kilogram;
3, apply fertilizer: according to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice after joining fertilizer in proportion.Fertilising comprises the following steps: 1. initial bloom stage, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 60-80%, and potash fertilizer applies the 50-60% into the whole year; 2. (about 10 days) after fruit picking, based on potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 20-40%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%; Fertilization mode for evenly to spread fertilizer over the fields in tree dish, and draws hoe gently, loam is mixed, then waters.
Claims (2)
1. a large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. soil nutrient detects:
1) sample: a cherry orchard is that chequered order selects 10-12 tree, avoid limit, field, during sampling, get two points, sampling depth 0-30 centimetre along each 30-50 centimetre circumference inside and outside tree crown outer, after all sampled point soil sample mixing, leave and take about 1 kilogram sample by quartering;
2) detect: dry soil sample, reject stone and cross 2 mm sieve, entering detection, detecting soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, obtain test value;
2. join fertile gauge to calculate:
According to the result of test value, carry out joining the calculating of fertile amount, according to method of fertilization for target yield, the unit of target output is thousand grams/acre, and the unit of the result of calculation of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is kilogram, and formulae discovery is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: mu urea application amount=target output × 0.003/0.46/0.28;
Phosphate fertilizer: mu executes superphosphate amount=(target output × 0.0006-A × soil available phosphorus test value) × 2.2/0.12/0.22, the span of A is 0-0.02, as soil available phosphorus test value < 50mg/kg, the value of A is 0, as soil available phosphorus test value 50-100mg/kg, the value of A is 0.01, and as soil available phosphorus test value > 100mg/kg, the value of A is 0.02;
Potash fertilizer: mu executes potassium sulfate amount=(target output × 0.005-B × soil available nitrogen test value)/0.5/0.45, the span of B is 0-0.04, as soil available nitrogen test value < 120mg/kg, the value of B is 0, as soil available nitrogen test value 120-250mg/kg, the value of B is 0.02, when soil available nitrogen test value is 250-320mg/kg, the value of B is 0.03, as soil available nitrogen test value > 320mg/kg, the value of B is 0.04;
3. apply fertilizer:
According to the above result calculated, apply fertilizer at twice after joining fertilizer in proportion.
2. large cherry soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fertilising comprises the following steps:
1. initial bloom stage, N P and K compounding application, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount is annual 60-80%, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 50-60%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 50-60%;
2. after fruit picking about 10 days, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer sowing amount was annual 20-40%, and phosphate fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%, and potash fertilizer sowing amount is annual 40-50%;
Fertilization mode is: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in tree dish, and draw hoe gently, loam is mixed, then waters.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103288518A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-11 | 招远市农业技术推广中心 | Large cherry formula base fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN103543686B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-04-27 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Intelligent accurate fertilizer applicator and control thereof |
| CN104782298A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 韦江南 | Method of formula fertilization of Chinese chestnut after soil testing |
| CN105794379A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 王芝 | Method of soil testing and fertilization of rape |
| CN104956829B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of apricot fertilizing method |
| CN106211896A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-14 | 北京顺通五丰农业科技有限公司 | The fertilizing method of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output |
| CN107251695A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of oil tea soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN106717410B (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2019-10-22 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Emperor XianFeng's white atractylodes rhizome dispensing fertilizing method |
| CN107027489A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-11 | 甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of alfalfa soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN113994842B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-21 | 北京东方力原生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for enabling large cherries to enter full bearing period in advance |
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