CN101693639A - Preparation method and application method of grape special fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and application method of grape special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention relates to preparation method and application method of a grape special fertilizer, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an I-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of urea, 20-30 parts ammonium phosphate, 15-30 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of excrement, 1-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1.0 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; preparing an II-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 7-15 parts of urea, 25-35 parts ammonium phosphate, 35-45 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of excrement, 2-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1.0 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; and blending, spraying, pelleting and drying at lower temperature to obtain the product. The application method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking an organic fertilizer and the II-type fertilizer as a base fertilizer; applying the I-type fertilizer before blossom, applying the II-type fertilizer in the young fruit development period, and meanwhile, respectively spraying monopotassium phosphate and rare earth mixed liquid once on the leaf surfaces; and spraying calcium nitrate or calcium acetate to enhance the storage resistance property before picking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grape special fertilizer, especially regulate and control vegetative period and quality and the preparation of a kind of grape special fertilizer of prolonging storage period and using.
Background technology
The literature search of relevant grape special fertilizer series discloses: 1. number be people's's " special control-release fertilizer for resin coated grape and preparation method thereof " such as 200710115274.5 ten thousand Lian Bu patent, proportioning raw materials is: 270～330 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 100～150 parts in 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 80～130 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping ammonium phosphate, 130～200 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, 140～200 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, 0～100 part of 50～100 parts of vitriolate of tartar of urea, 0～10 part in zinc sulfate, 0～10 part of borax.2. number be people's such as 200510048645.3 Pan Yan China " a kind of not only disease-resistant but also the disease-resistant fertilizer of plant nutrition can be provided " patent, proportioning raw materials is: cupric nitrate: zinc nitrate: arasaponin=1: 5: 0.1～0.5.Can supply fruit trees such as grape, apple to use.3. number be the patent of 200410022623.5 Chen Tian fine horses " agricultural compound nutritional fertilizer and preparation method thereof ", proportioning raw materials is: ammonium molybdate 1～5%, borax 5～23%, sodium phosphate 14～28%, urea 5～11%, vitriolate of tartar or Repone K 6～12%, complex copper 5～25%, complexing zinc 5～18%, saleratus 12～24%, surplus are auxiliary material.4. number be the patent that 91101990.1 red legends bravely wait people's " combound fertilizer specially adapted for fruit trees ", proportioning raw materials is: nitrogen 5.25～12.85, ammonium-nitrogen 2.0～5.35, nitre-nitrogen 0.4～2.5, acid amides-nitrogen 2.85～5.00; Phosphorus 0.35～1.10; Potassium 0.43～1.92; Iron 0～0.085; Manganese 0～0.122; Copper 0～0.098; Zinc 0～0.088; Boron 0～2.54; Organic-carbon 0～8.5 in the nitro humus acid.Be applicable to different seeds such as the apple of planting on brown earth, cinnamon soil, light brown earth, red-yellow soil and the light meadow soil, pears, peach, grape, citrus.5. the emerging bio-fertilizer in Tieling side limited liability company has developed high-effective organic bone fertilizer, by assessment of result.This fertilizer is made up of bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, soybean cake powder and humic acid, can make grape yield increasing 20%～23%.6. the multi-element durable biological organic complex fertilizer that ecological Studies are developed is used in Shenyang, by assessment of result; Based on the multiple bio-active bacteria (fungi) of functional type, with fertilizer type organic matter is carrier, cooperate inorganic nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, zinc, molybdenum, boron, iron etc. multiple in, trace element, be suitable for fruit tree tailored version, grape tailored version etc. according to the nutritional needs of crop.In sum, domestic relevant grape appears in the newspapers with fertile research, but the grape identical with this project prescription do not seen bibliographical information with fertile research.The present invention attempts to conceive grape product to Xinjiang and ties up to probe in the regulation and control process of growth and find to be more suitable for that this strain is increased production, guaranteed the quality, the new fertilizer of fresh-keeping anti-storage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: actual from Xinjiang grape research, what prepare is the grape special fertilizer of combination with inorganic nutrient, organic component, synergy composition, trace element and modifying agent, in the growth of regulation and control grape strain, play the effect of optimizing quality, volume increase, also played the effect that prolongs storage period simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention is: using of grape special fertilizer, take base manure, topdress, dispose before the foliage-spray, harvesting the method for four steps, and compare with conventional grape application process, can improve the output 18-20% of Table Grape.Methodological science is reasonable, and is workable.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of preparation of grape special fertilizer and using with the parts by weight preparation, contains the component of inorganic nutrient, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; Even through the weighing mix, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature sieves, detects the qualified I of making type, the special-purpose fertilizer of II type; Special-purpose fertile use branch base manure, topdress, foliage-spray, spray four steps before adopting;
The component of its I type fertilizer: urea 30-40 part of inorganic nutrient, ammonium phosphate 20-30 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-30 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-3 part; The flyash of synergy composition, synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
The component of its II type fertilizer: urea 7-15 part of inorganic nutrient, ammonium phosphate 25-35 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; The flyash of humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-5 part, synergy composition, synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
Special-purpose fertile using:
Base manure: application of organic fertilizers 1000-1500 kilogram before the grape cuttage/mu, use the special-purpose fertile 30-40 kilogram of II type;
Topdress: (arid biogeographic zone mid-April to 5 month at the beginning of) topdressed before grape was bloomed, and promptly used the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of I type; Young fruit expanding stage (arid biogeographic zone mid-June) topdress again, promptly use the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays the potassium primary phosphate of a 0.2-0.3% and the rare earth mixed solution of 0.1-0.2%;
Spray before adopting: spray nitrocalcite or the calcium acetate of a 1.2-1.5% before grape is plucked in 25-30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh grape.
Described special-purpose fertile preparation and use the nitrogen of I type fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 2: 1: 1; The nitrogen of II type fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 2: 3.
Described special-purpose fertile preparation and using, the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
The present invention special-purpose fertile mechanism of action and technique effect:
Special-purpose fertile preparation divides I type, II type.The I type is fit to the grape growth phase in early stage, helps grape after using and normally blooms, pollinates, is fertilized, bears fruit; Use the output that can increase grape at the young fruit expanding stage; The II type is fit to grape to be used when fruit color, can improve the pol of fruit, improves the quality of fruit, promotes the maturation of fruit and branch.
Special-purpose fertilizer can provide the balanced nutrients element of different times to grape, increases yield and quality.
Special-purpose fertilizer contains beneficial microorganism bacterium and organic matter, promotes to produce in the soil cementing material of microorganism, improves the calorific value and the temperature of soil.
Special-purpose fertilizer decomposes in soil, changes into materials such as each seed amino acid, carbohydrate, promotes the synthetic transportation and the accumulation of intravital enzymic activity of plant and material, thereby improves grape quality, increases ascorbic content and pol.
The special-purpose fertile anti-adversity ability that can strengthen crop of year after year using as the increase of nutrient activation, fertility raising, trace element, strengthens drought resisting, resistivity cold-resistant, disease and pest.
This special-purpose fertile fertilizing method is to adopt base manure, topdress, dispose four steps before the foliage-spray, harvesting, compares with conventional grape application effect, can improve the output 18-20% of Table Grape.
This special-purpose fertile performance detection result shows:
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively: 10-20%, 10-15%, 7-25%; Organic 4-10%, humic acid 1-5%; The intensity detection value of product is on average at 6-15N; PH value can carry out the improvement of saline-alkali soil at 5-7.
The present invention design from Xinjiang grape raise productivity and improve the quality actual, the scientific formula of development and reasonable application process have been implemented effective regulation and control to grape strain process of growth, have produced technique effect, compare Table Grape volume increase 18-20% with conventional fertilizer; Application process is also simple, reasonable, and action row is strong, reaches design requirements, shows technical progress.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.Embodiment is as follows:
I type grape special fertilizer prescription: (with the parts by weight preparation)
Inorganic nutrient constitutes:
45 parts in example one urea, 28 parts in ammonium phosphate, 27 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
50 parts in example two urea, 25 parts in ammonium phosphate, 25 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
55 parts in example three urea, 23 parts in ammonium phosphate, 22 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component constitutes:
80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of example one humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of example two humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
75 parts of the form garbage and dejections that 25 parts of example three humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element constitutes:
35 parts in example one ferrous sulfate, 15 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
30 parts in example two ferrous sulfate, 20 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 25 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate;
Ferrous 40 parts of example three sulfuric acid, 10 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent constitutes:
25 parts in example one gypsum, 75 parts of wilkinites;
20 parts in example two gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
30 parts in example three gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites.
II type grape special fertilizer prescription: (with the parts by weight preparation)
Inorganic nutrient constitutes:
20 parts in example one urea, 40 parts in ammonium phosphate, 40 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
15 parts in example two urea, 30 parts in ammonium phosphate, 55 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
15 parts in example three urea, 25 parts in ammonium phosphate, 60 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component:
80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of example one humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of example two humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
75 parts of the form garbage and dejections that 25 parts of example three humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element constitutes:
35 parts in example one ferrous sulfate, 15 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
30 parts in example two ferrous sulfate, 20 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 25 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate; Ferrous 40 parts of example three sulfuric acid, 10 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent constitutes:
25 parts in example one gypsum, 7 parts of wilkinites;
20 parts in example two gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
30 parts in example three gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites.
Special-purpose fertile synthetic: prescription through the weighing mix evenly, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature, sieve, detects qualified I type, the II type special use fertilizer of promptly get.
Special-purpose fertile branch four steps of using:
Base manure is used: 1000 kilograms/mu of soil application fertilizers, use special-purpose fertile 40 kilograms of II type;
Topdress and use: (arid biogeographic zone mid-April to 5 month at the beginning of) topdressed before grape was bloomed, and promptly used special-purpose fertile 18 kilograms of I type; The young fruit expanding stage of grape (arid biogeographic zone mid-June) topdresses again, promptly uses special-purpose fertile 18 kilograms of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays one time 0.3% potassium primary phosphate and 0.2% rare earth mixed solution;
Dispose before plucking: picking fruit sprays one time 1.5% nitrocalcite or calcium acetate in preceding 30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh-keeping grape.
This product is used for the test effect and the analysis in land for growing field crops:
Experimental field: exhibition little East Lake, township village is warded off in the Shanshan County
One, implements design
Experimental field 40 mu, silty loam, thickness 50cm.Grape variety is seedless white, the age of tree 10 years, 1.5 * 4.5 meters of seeding row spacings.60 kilograms in sheep excrement, base manure 40% are executed in per 10 strains; Dressing fertilizer 30% before spending, young fruit expanding stage dressing fertilizer 30%; Its quality is urea N 〉=46%, the fertile P2O5 of threeflod calcium superphosphate 〉=46%, vitriolate of tartar K2O 〉=50%.
1, base manure is used: it is dark to dig 50cm at distance grape collar 80cm place, and the bar ditch of wide 40cm applies the sheep excrement; Again 40% special-purpose fertile and table soil is fully applied in the ditch earthing behind the mixing.
Table 1 base manure consumption (g/10 strain)
2, topdress and use: before grape is bloomed and the young fruit expanding stage topdress respectively.Topdressing method 80cm outside the grape collar digs at the place 15cm depth ditch, after fertilizer is applied, and earthing.
Table 2 consumption (g/10 strain) that topdresses
Two, test results and analysis
1, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape blinds fresh weight and blinds dry weight.
Table 3 different condition is handled the detection of grape obstruction of omasum fresh weight down
From last table gained: grape blinds fresh weight is to handle No. 10 sub-districts for the heaviest, to handle 3 for the lightest.Grape blinds dry weight 16 sub-districts are the heaviest, and are the lightest with blank sub-district.
2, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape pol
The pol of table 4 grape and blinds re-detection
From last table gained: No. 2 processing of grape pol are the highest, and are minimum with space management.
3, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape shoot growth.
Three times each being handled grape shoot growth situation between April-May investigates.It is that three grapes are selected in every sub-district that grape young sprout day growth calculates, and every grape selects two new branches to observe, and then mean value is observed three times in every sub-district.Investigation result: grape shoot growth amount maximum is No. 9 sub-districts, day growth 3.6cm, and minimum is No. 8 sub-districts, day growth 2.5cm.
4, the Different Fertilization level is handled the influence of vintage to each.
Mid-August investigation has been carried out in each sub-district and surveyed product.A, grape simple grain re-computation are every sub-district total weight of selecting 20 grapes; It is that the grape simple grain heavily multiply by every string simple grain number and multiply by every sub-district grape again and always go here and there number that b, the per mu yield of every sub-district calculate.
Table 5 vintage result
From last table gained: vintage is treated to the highest with No. 6,4867.2 kilograms of per mu yields, be treated to No. 2 minimum, 2208 kilograms of per mu yields; Simple grain is heavy to handle 3 for the heaviest, with blank for the lightest.
5, to grape vitamins C, solubility total reducing sugar, titratable acid, solubility solidity thing assay.
Table 6
| Sample presentation numbering (processing) | Vitamins C mg/100g | Solubility total reducing sugar (%) | Titratable acid (%) | Solubility solidity thing (%) |
| The 1st handles II | ??8.295 | ??22.415 | ??0.6158 | ??25.5 |
| The 2nd handles II | ??6.845 | ??18.562 | ??0.6893 | ??19.5 |
| The 3rd handles II | ??6.919 | ??21.214 | ??0.6788 | ??24.0 |
| The 4th handles II | ??8.730 | ??21.214 | ??0.5388 | ??24.5 |
| The 5th handles II | ??6.733 | ??21.600 | ??0.5948 | ??22.5 |
| The 6th handles II | ??8.847 | ??18.857 | ??0.6543 | ??19.5 |
| The 7th handles II | ??8.177 | ??22.415 | ??0.6228 | ??22.5 |
| The 8th handles II | ??8.044 | ??23.294 | ??0.6210 | ??25.5 |
| The 9th handles II | ??9.302 | ??22.415 | ??0.6473 | ??24.5 |
| The 10th handles II | ??8.821 | ??23.294 | ??0.5738 | ??24.0 |
| Blank | ??9.146 | ??23.760 | ??0.8012 | ??25.5 |
| Sample presentation numbering (processing) | Vitamins C mg/100g | Solubility total reducing sugar (%) | Titratable acid (%) | Solubility solidity thing (%) |
| Conventional fertilizer application | ??6.046 | ??22.000 | ??0.5178 | ??24.0 |
From last table gained: grape VC content is 9 the highest to handle, and conventional fertilizer application is minimum; The grape total acid content is the highest with space management, and conventional fertilizer application is minimum; Grape solubility total sugar content is the highest with space management, handles 2 minimum; The grape soluble solid for the highest, is minimum to handle 2 with blank.
Interpretation of result: base manure is used the proportioning that adopts high phosphorus, high potash fertilizer for well; Topdress to use and adopt high nitrogen; Phosphorus, potash fertilizer are mixed with amount, are suitable for the different growing stages of grape, improve sugar degree and VC content when improving the vintage quality.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation of a grape special fertilizer and using is characterized in that: with the parts by weight preparation, contain the component of inorganic nutrient, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; Even through the weighing mix, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature sieves, detects the qualified I of making type, the special-purpose fertilizer of II type; Special-purpose fertile use branch base manure, topdress, foliage-spray, spray four steps before adopting;
The component of its I type fertilizer: urea 30-40 part of inorganic nutrient, ammonium phosphate 20-30 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-30 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-3 part; The flyash of synergy composition, synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
The component of its II type fertilizer: urea 7-15 part of inorganic nutrient, ammonium phosphate 25-35 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; The flyash of humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-5 part, synergy composition, synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
Special-purpose fertile using:
Base manure: application of organic fertilizers 1000-1500 kilogram before the grape cuttage/mu, use the special-purpose fertile 30-40 kilogram of II type;
Topdress: (arid biogeographic zone mid-April to 5 month at the beginning of) topdressed before grape was bloomed, and promptly used the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of I type; Young fruit expanding stage (arid biogeographic zone mid-June) topdress again, promptly use the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays the potassium primary phosphate of a 0.2-0.3% and the rare earth mixed solution of 0.1-0.2%;
Spray before adopting: spray nitrocalcite or the calcium acetate of a 1.2-1.5% before grape is plucked in 25-30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh grape.
2. according to the described special-purpose fertile preparation of claim 1 and use, it is characterized in that: the nitrogen of I type fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 2: 1: 1; The nitrogen of II type fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 2: 3.
3. according to the described special-purpose fertile preparation of claim 1 and use, it is characterized in that: the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
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