CN101693639B - Preparation method and application method of grape special fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and application method of grape special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693639B CN101693639B CN200910113438XA CN200910113438A CN101693639B CN 101693639 B CN101693639 B CN 101693639B CN 200910113438X A CN200910113438X A CN 200910113438XA CN 200910113438 A CN200910113438 A CN 200910113438A CN 101693639 B CN101693639 B CN 101693639B
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- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims description 72
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 compound potassium sulfate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013332 literature search Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002787 omasum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to preparation method and application method of a grape special fertilizer, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an I-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of urea, 20-30 parts ammonium phosphate, 15-30 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of excrement, 1-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1.0 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; preparing an II-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 7-15 parts of urea, 25-35 parts ammonium phosphate, 35-45 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of excrement, 2-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1.0 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 3-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; and blending, spraying, pelleting and drying at lower temperature to obtain the product. The application method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking an organic fertilizer and the II-type fertilizer as a base fertilizer; applying the I-type fertilizer before blossom, applying the II-type fertilizer in the young fruit development period, and meanwhile, respectively spraying monopotassium phosphate and rare earth mixed liquid once on the leaf surfaces; and spraying calcium nitrate or calcium acetate to enhance the storage resistance property before picking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grape special fertilizer, especially regulate and control vegetative period and quality and the preparation of a kind of grape special fertilizer of prolonging storage period and using.
Background technology
The literature search of relevant grape special fertilizer series discloses: 1. number be people's's " special control-release fertilizer for resin coated grape and preparation method thereof " such as 200710115274.5 ten thousand Lian Bu patent, proportioning raw materials is: 270～330 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 100～150 parts in 5% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 80～130 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping ammonium phosphate, 130～200 parts in 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, 140～200 parts of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, 0～100 part of 50～100 parts of vitriolate of tartar of urea, 0～10 part in zinc sulfate, 0～10 part of borax.2. number be people's such as 200510048645.3 Pan Yan China " a kind of not only disease-resistant but also the disease-resistant fertilizer of plant nutrition can be provided " patent, proportioning raw materials is: cupric nitrate: zinc nitrate: arasaponin=1: 5: 0.1～0.5.Can supply fruit trees such as grape, apple to use.3. number be the patent of 200410022623.5 Chen Tian fine horses " agricultural compound nutritional is fertile and preparation method thereof "; Proportioning raw materials is: ammonium molybdate 1～5%, borax 5～23%, sodium phosphate 14～28%, urea 5～11%, vitriolate of tartar or Repone K 6～12%, complex copper 5～25%, complexing zinc 5～18%, saleratus 12～24%, surplus are auxiliary material.4. number be the patent that 91101990.1 red legends bravely wait people's " combound fertilizer specially adapted for fruit trees ", proportioning raw materials is: nitrogen 5.25～12.85, ammonium-nitrogen 2.0～5.35, nitre-nitrogen 0.4～2.5, acid amides-nitrogen 2.85～5.00; Phosphorus 0.35～1.10; Potassium 0.43～1.92; Iron 0～0.085; Manganese 0～0.122; Copper 0～0.098; Zinc 0～0.088; Boron 0～2.54; Organic-carbon 0～8.5 in the nitro humus acid.Be applicable to different seeds such as the apple of planting on brown earth, cinnamon soil, light brown earth, red-yellow soil and the light meadow soil, pears, peach, grape, citrus.5. the emerging bio-fertilizer in Tieling side Ltd has developed high-effective organic bone fertilizer, through assessment of result.This fertilizer is made up of bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, soybean cake powder and humic acid, can make grape yield increasing 20%～23%.6. the multi-element durable biological organic complex fertilizer that ecological Studies are developed is used in Shenyang, through assessment of result; Be the main body with the multiple bio-active bacteria (fungi) of functional type; With fertilizer type organic matter is carrier; Cooperate inorganic nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, zinc, molybdenum, boron, iron etc. multiple in, trace element, be suitable for fruit tree tailored version, grape tailored version etc. according to the nutritional needs of crop.In sum, domestic relevant grape appears in the newspapers with fertile research, but the grape identical with this project prescription do not seen bibliographical information with fertile research.The present invention attempts to conceive grape article to Xinjiang and ties up to probe in the regulation and control process of growth and find to be more suitable for that this strain is increased production, guaranteed the quality, the new fertilizer of fresh-keeping anti-storage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: from the reality of Xinjiang grape research; What prepare is the grape special fertilizer of combination with inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element and modifying agent; In the growth of regulation and control grape strain, play the effect of optimizing quality, raising the output, also played the effect that prolongs storage period simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention is: using of grape special fertilizer, take base manure, topdress, dispose before the foliage-spray, harvesting the method for four steps, and compare with conventional grape application process, can improve the output 18-20% of Table Grape.Methodological science is reasonable, and is workable.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of preparation of grape special fertilizer and using with the parts by weight preparation, contains the component of inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; Even through the weighing mix, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature sieves, detects the qualified I of making type, the special-purpose fertilizer of II type; Special-purpose fertile use branch base manure, topdress, foliage-spray, spray four steps before adopting;
The component that its I type is fertile: inorganic foster part urea 30-40 part, ammonium phosphate 20-30 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-30 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-3 part; The flyash of synergy composition, synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
The component that its II type is fertile: inorganic foster part urea 7-15 part, ammonium phosphate 25-35 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; The flyash of humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-5 part, synergy composition, synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
Special-purpose fertile using:
Base manure: application of organic fertilizers 1000-1500 kilogram before the grape cuttage/mu, use the special-purpose fertile 30-40 kilogram of II type;
Topdress: (arid biogeographic zone mid-April to 5 month at the beginning of) topdressed before grape was bloomed, and promptly used the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of I type; Young fruit expanding stage (arid biogeographic zone mid-June) topdress again, promptly use the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays the potassium primary phosphate of a 0.2-0.3% and the rare earth mixed solution of 0.1-0.2%;
Spray before adopting: spray nitrocalcite or the calcium acetate of a 1.2-1.5% before grape is plucked in 25-30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh grape.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and using, the nitrogen that the I type is fertile: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 2: 1: 1; The nitrogen that the II type is fertile: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 2: 3.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and using, the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
The present invention special-purpose fertile mechanism of action and technique effect:
Special-purpose fertile preparation divides I type, II type.The I type is fit to the grape growth phase in early stage, helps grape after using and normally blooms, pollinates, is fertilized, bears fruit; Use the output that can increase grape at the young fruit expanding stage; The II type is fit to grape to be used when fruit color, can improve the pol of fruit, improves the quality of fruit, promotes the maturation of fruit and branch.
Special-purpose fertilizer can provide the balanced nutrients element of different times to grape, increases yield and quality.
Special-purpose fertilizer contains useful microbe bacterium and organic matter, promotes to produce in the soil cementing material of mikrobe, improves the calorific value and the temperature of soil.
Special-purpose fertilizer decomposes in soil, changes into materials such as each seed amino acid, carbohydrate, promotes the synthetic transportation and the accumulation of intravital enzymic activity of plant and material, thereby improves grape quality, increases ascorbic content and pol.
Special-purpose fertile use year after year can enhancing crop anti-adversity ability, as nutrient activation, fertility improve, the increase of trace element, drought resisting, resistivity cold-resistant, disease and pest are strengthened.
This special-purpose fertile fertilizing method is to adopt base manure, topdress, dispose four steps before the foliage-spray, harvesting, compares with conventional grape application effect, can improve the output 18-20% of Table Grape.
This special-purpose fertile performance detection result shows:
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively: 10-20%, 10-15%, 7-25%; Organic 4-10%, humic acid 1-5%; The intensity detection value of product is on average at 6-15N; PH value can carry out the improvement of saline-alkali soil at 5-7.
The reality that the present invention's design raises productivity and improves the quality from Xinjiang grape, the scientific formula of development and reasonable application process have been implemented effective regulation and control to grape strain process of growth, have produced technique effect, compare Table Grape raising the output 18-20% with conventional fertilizer; Application process is also simple, reasonable, and action row property is strong, reaches design requirements, shows technical progress.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.Embodiment is following:
I type grape special fertilizer prescription: (with the parts by weight preparation)
Inorganic foster part constitutes:
45 parts in instance one urea, 28 parts in ammonium phosphate, 27 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
50 parts in instance two urea, 25 parts in ammonium phosphate, 25 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
55 parts in instance three urea, 23 parts in ammonium phosphate, 22 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component constitutes:
80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of instance one humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of instance two humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
75 parts of the form garbage and dejections that 25 parts of instance three humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element constitutes:
35 parts in instance one ferrous sulfate, 15 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
30 parts in instance two ferrous sulfate, 20 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 25 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate;
Ferrous 40 parts of instance three sulfuric acid, 10 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent constitutes:
25 parts in instance one gypsum, 75 parts of wilkinites;
20 parts in instance two gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
30 parts in instance three gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites.
II type grape special fertilizer prescription: (with the parts by weight preparation)
Inorganic foster part constitutes:
20 parts in instance one urea, 40 parts in ammonium phosphate, 40 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
15 parts in instance two urea, 30 parts in ammonium phosphate, 55 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
15 parts in instance three urea, 25 parts in ammonium phosphate, 60 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component:
80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of instance one humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of instance two humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
75 parts of the form garbage and dejections that 25 parts of instance three humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element constitutes:
35 parts in instance one ferrous sulfate, 15 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
30 parts in instance two ferrous sulfate, 20 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 25 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate; Ferrous 40 parts of instance three sulfuric acid, 10 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent constitutes:
25 parts in instance one gypsum, 7 parts of wilkinites;
20 parts in instance two gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
30 parts in instance three gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites.
Special-purpose fertile synthetic: prescription through the weighing mix evenly, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature, sieve, detects qualified I type, the II type special use fertilizer of promptly get.
Special-purpose fertile branch four steps of using:
Base manure is used: 1000 kilograms/mu of soil application fertilizers, use special-purpose fertile 40 kilograms of II type;
Topdress and use: (arid biogeographic zone mid-April to 5 month at the beginning of) topdressed before grape was bloomed, and promptly used special-purpose fertile 18 kilograms of I type; The young fruit expanding stage of grape (arid biogeographic zone mid-June) topdresses again, promptly uses special-purpose fertile 18 kilograms of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays one time 0.3% potassium primary phosphate and 0.2% rare earth mixed solution;
Dispose before plucking: picking fruit sprays one time 1.5% nitrocalcite or calcium acetate in preceding 30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh-keeping grape.
This product is used for the test effect and the analysis in land for growing field crops:
Experimental field: exhibition little East Lake, township village is warded off in the Shanshan County
One, implements design
Experimental field 40 mu, silty loam, thickness 50cm.Grape variety is seedless white, the age of tree 10 years, seeding row spacing 1.5x4.5 rice.60 kilograms in sheep excrement, base manure 40% are executed in per 10 strains; Dressing fertilizer 30% before spending, young fruit expanding stage dressing fertilizer 30%; Its quality is urea N >=46%, the fertile P2O5 of threeflod calcium superphosphate >=46%, vitriolate of tartar K2O >=50%.
1, base manure is used: in that to dig 50cm apart from grape collar 80cm place dark, the bar ditch of wide 40cm applies the sheep excrement; Again 40% special-purpose fertile and table soil is fully applied in the ditch earthing behind the mixing.
Table 1 base manure consumption (g/10 strain)
2, topdress and use: topdress respectively with the young fruit expanding stage before grape is bloomed.Topdressing method 80cm outside the grape collar digs at the place 15cm depth ditch, after fertilizer is applied, and earthing.
Table 2 consumption (g/10 strain) that topdresses
Two, test-results and analysis
1, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape blinds fresh weight and blinds dry weight.
Table 3 different condition is handled the detection of grape obstruction of omasum fresh weight down
From last table gained: grape blinds fresh weight is to handle No. 10 sub-districts for the heaviest, to handle 3 for the lightest.Grape blinds dry weight 16 sub-districts are the heaviest, and are the lightest with blank sub-district.
2, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape pol
The pol of table 4 grape and blinds re-detection
From last table gained: No. 2 processing of grape pol are the highest, handle minimum with blank.
3, the Different Fertilization level is to the influence of grape shoot growth.
Three times each being handled grape shoot growth situation between April-May investigates.It is that three grapes are selected in every sub-district that grape young sprout day growth calculates, and every grape selects two new branches to observe, and observes MV to every sub-district three times then.Investigation result: grape shoot growth amount maximum is No. 9 sub-districts, day growth 3.6cm, and minimum is No. 8 sub-districts, day growth 2.5cm.
4, the Different Fertilization level is handled the influence of vintage to each.
Mid-August investigation has been carried out in each sub-district and surveyed product.A, grape simple grain re-computation are every sub-district total weight of selecting 20 grapes; It is that the grape simple grain heavily multiply by every string simple grain number and multiply by every sub-district grape again and always go here and there number that b, the per mu yield of every sub-district calculate.
Table 5 vintage result
From last table gained: vintage is treated to the highest with No. 6,4867.2 kilograms of per mu yields, be treated to No. 2 minimum, 2208 kilograms of per mu yields; Simple grain is heavy to handle 3 for the heaviest, with blank for the lightest.
5, to grape vitamins C, solubility total reducing sugar, titratable acid, solubility solidity thing assay.
Table 6
| Sample presentation numbering (processing) | Vitamins C mg/100g | Solubility total reducing sugar (%) | Titratable acid (%) | Solubility solidity thing (%) |
| The 1st handles II | 8.295 | 22.415 | 0.6158 | 25.5 |
| The 2nd handles II | 6.845 | 18.562 | 0.6893 | 19.5 |
| The 3rd handles II | 6.919 | 21.214 | 0.6788 | 24.0 |
| The 4th handles II | 8.730 | 21.214 | 0.5388 | 24.5 |
| The 5th handles II | 6.733 | 21.600 | 0.5948 | 22.5 |
| The 6th handles II | 8.847 | 18.857 | 0.6543 | 19.5 |
| The 7th handles II | 8.177 | 22.415 | 0.6228 | 22.5 |
| The 8th handles II | 8.044 | 23.294 | 0.6210 | 25.5 |
| The 9th handles II | 9.302 | 22.415 | 0.6473 | 24.5 |
| The 10th handles II | 8.821 | 23.294 | 0.5738 | 24.0 |
| Blank | 9.146 | 23.760 | 0.8012 | 25.5 |
| Conventional fertilizer application | 6.046 | 22.000 | 0.5178 | 24.0 |
From last table gained: grape VC content is 9 the highest to handle, and conventional fertilizer application is minimum; The grape total acid content is handled the highest with blank, conventional fertilizer application is minimum; Grape solubility total sugar content is handled the highest with blank, handle 2 minimum; The grape soluble solid for the highest, is minimum to handle 2 with blank.
Interpretation of result: base manure is used the proportioning that adopts high phosphorus, high potash fertilizer for well; Topdress to use and adopt high nitrogen; Phosphorus, potash fertilizer are mixed with amount, are suitable for the different growing stages of grape, when improving the vintage quality, improve sugar degree and VC content.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation of a grape special fertilizer and using is characterized in that: with the parts by weight preparation, contain the component of inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; Even through the weighing mix, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature sieves, detects the qualified I of making type, the special-purpose fertilizer of II type; Special-purpose fertile use branch base manure, topdress, foliage-spray, spray four steps before adopting;
The component that its I type is fertile: inorganic foster part urea 30-40 part, ammonium phosphate 20-30 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-30 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-3 part; The flyash of synergy composition, synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
The component that its II type is fertile: inorganic foster part urea 7-15 part, ammonium phosphate 25-35 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; The flyash of humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, matured waste or ight soil 1-5 part, synergy composition, synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 3-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part;
Special-purpose fertile using:
Base manure: application of organic fertilizers 1000-1500 kilogram before the grape cuttage/mu, use the special-purpose fertile 30-40 kilogram of II type;
Topdress: topdress before grape is bloomed, promptly use the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of I type; The young fruit expanding stage topdresses again, promptly uses the special-purpose fertile 13-18 kilogram of II type;
Foliage-spray: the expanding stage of grape flowering period and fruit respectively sprays the potassium primary phosphate of a 0.2-0.3% and the rare earth mixed solution of 0.1-0.2%;
Spray before adopting: spray nitrocalcite or the calcium acetate of a 1.2-1.5% before grape is plucked in 25-30 days, improve the storage tolerance of fresh grape.
2. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation of claim 1 and use, it is characterized in that: the nitrogen that the I type is fertile: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 2: 1: 1; The nitrogen that the II type is fertile: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 2: 3.
3. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation of claim 1 and use, it is characterized in that: the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
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