CN103518583B - Grape delayed cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN103518583B CN103518583B CN201310479104.0A CN201310479104A CN103518583B CN 103518583 B CN103518583 B CN 103518583B CN 201310479104 A CN201310479104 A CN 201310479104A CN 103518583 B CN103518583 B CN 103518583B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape delayed cultivation method which is characterized by including the steps of (1) measuring the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in cultivation soil and (2) determining a fertilization scheme according to a measurement result of the step (1). By means of the method, grape delayed cultivation can be carried out successfully, grapes can appear on the market later, the fruit setting rate of the grapes is high, cracking fruits are few, cold resistance and stress resistance are strong, the content of soluble solid is high, and the quality of the fruit is high. The method enriches varieties of fruits in winter, and also develops new ways for planting structure transformation, cultivation mode innovation, economic benefit improvement and farmer income improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to viticulture technical field, particularly, relate to a kind of method of grape delayed cultivation.
Background technology
Grape is due to sweet and sour taste, nutritious, very popular.Grape generally 8, listing in September, generally the latest to go on the market in mid-October.In order to extend the listing phase of grape, enriching fruit in winter, increasing economic efficiency, increasing farmers' income, the delayed cultivation carrying out grape is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the listing phase in order to extend grape, enriching fruit in winter, increasing economic efficiency, increasing farmers' income, a kind of method of grape delayed cultivation is provided.
The present inventor finds under study for action, by measuring the content of organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, according to measurement result determination fertilizer applications, can realize the delayed cultivation of grape preferably.
Therefore, to achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of method of grape delayed cultivation, described method comprises:
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured;
(2) according to the measurement result determination fertilizer applications of step (1).
Preferably, described fertilizer applications comprises point base manure and topdressing and applies fertilizer, and described base manure comprises fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, described in topdress and comprise nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, and the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre, in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-5.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: in nitrogen, and the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 9-15 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.5-8 thousand grams/acre.
Preferably, topdress and apply at twice: in flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-3 thousand grams/acre.
Preferably, described fertilizer applications comprises:
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1-1.3 % by weight, 0.05-0.07 % by weight in cultivating soil, 60-74mg/kg, 20-39mg/kg, 80-99mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1800-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3-4 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 4.7-5.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.3-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6.7-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.8-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.6-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.4-1.7 % by weight, 0.08-0.1 % by weight in cultivating soil, 75-85mg/kg, 40-60mg/kg, 100-120mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1400-1700 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 2.2-2.8 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 3.4-4.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3.2 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.8-6.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.8-3.6 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4.8-5.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.1-2.5 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.8-2.1 % by weight, 0.11-0.15 % by weight in cultivating soil, 86-100mg/kg, 61-80mg/kg, 121-140mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-1300 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-3.2 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-5.6 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-2.7 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-4.7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre.
Preferably, described method comprises: eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution that spray 0.05-0.15 % by weight before spending, and in eight Boratexes or eight potassium borates, the amount of application of eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; Fruit expanding period sprayed the sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution of 0.05-0.15 % by weight every 7-10 days, in sugar alcohol chelating calcium, the amount of application of each sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; After fruit maturation, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.15-0.25 % by weight and the aqueous solution of urea of 0.15-0.25 % by weight is sprayed every 10-15 days, in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount of application of each potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre, with ureometer, the amount of application of each aqueous solution of urea is 60-75 thousand grams/acre.
Preferably, described method comprises: during viticulture, control the carbon dioxide concentration in air is 800-1500ppm.
Preferably, described method comprises: in the budding period, and temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 7-15 DEG C; At flower in earlier stage, temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 12-15 DEG C; At the florescence, temperature controls at 27-31 DEG C daytime, controls night at 17-20 DEG C; In fruit expanding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 5-10 DEG C; After fruit maturation, temperature controls at 5-15 DEG C daytime, and night controls at 3-8 DEG C.
Preferably, described method comprises: be 60-65% in blossom-control technics relative moisture, and during all the other cultivations, control relative moisture is 60-80%.
Preferably, the kind of described grape be selected from Qiu Hong, autumn black, Italy and red milk at least one.
The method of grape delayed cultivation provided by the invention, by measuring the content of organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, according to measurement result determination fertilizer applications, successfully can carry out grape delayed cultivation, realize grape and postpone listing, and grape percentage of fertile fruit be high, dehiscent fruit is few, cold-resistant high-output stress-resistance, soluble solid content is high, fruit high-quality.The inventive method has not only enriched fruit in winter, also for transformation pattern of farming, innovation cultivation mode, increasing economic efficiency and increasing farmers' income opens new way.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of method of grape delayed cultivation, the method comprises:
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured;
(2) according to the measurement result determination fertilizer applications of step (1).
In the present invention, fertilizer applications preferably includes point base manure and topdresses and applies fertilizer, and base manure comprises fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, topdresses and comprises nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
In the present invention, base manure is base fertilizer again, namely refers to before grape of planting or fertilizer that the Grape Dormancy phase uses in cultivating soil.Topdress and namely refer to after grape of planting, the fertilizer used in grape growth process.
In the present invention, the fertilizing amount of base manure preferably includes: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-5.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: in nitrogen, and the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 9-15 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.5-8 thousand grams/acre.
In the present invention, topdress and preferably apply at twice: in flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-3 thousand grams/acre.
In the present invention, fertilizer applications preferably includes further:
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1-1.3 % by weight, 0.05-0.07 % by weight in cultivating soil, 60-74mg/kg, 20-39mg/kg, 80-99mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1800-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3-4 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 4.7-5.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.3-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6.7-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.8-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.6-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.4-1.7 % by weight, 0.08-0.1 % by weight in cultivating soil, 75-85mg/kg, 40-60mg/kg, 100-120mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1400-1700 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 2.2-2.8 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 3.4-4.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3.2 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.8-6.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.8-3.6 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4.8-5.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.1-2.5 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.8-2.1 % by weight, 0.11-0.15 % by weight in cultivating soil, 86-100mg/kg, 61-80mg/kg, 121-140mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-1300 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-3.2 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-5.6 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-2.7 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-4.7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre.
Delayed cultivation is carried out better in order to make grape, further raising grape nutrient quality, the inventive method preferably includes: eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution that spray 0.05-0.15 % by weight before spending, in eight Boratexes or eight potassium borates, the amount of application of eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; Fruit expanding period sprayed the sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution of 0.05-0.15 % by weight every 7-10 days, in sugar alcohol chelating calcium, the amount of application of each sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; After fruit maturation, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.15-0.25 % by weight and the aqueous solution of urea of 0.15-0.25 % by weight is sprayed every 10-15 days, in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount of application of each potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre, with ureometer, the amount of application of each aqueous solution of urea is 60-75 thousand grams/acre.
The method of application of topdressing is preferably foliage-spray, especially cultivates the later stage, and soil temperature is low, and root system activity is poor, and the ability absorbing nutrient is low, takes foliar nutrition to supplement, is supplied to the nutrition of grape abundance.
In the present invention, for fertilizer without particular/special requirement, the fertilizer that this area is conventional can be adopted, such as farmyard manure or organic commercial fertilizer; For nitrogenous fertilizer also without particular/special requirement, the nitrogenous fertilizer that this area is conventional can be adopted, such as urea, sulphur ammonium, carbon ammonium etc., as the nitrogenous fertilizer topdressed, be preferably urea; For phosphate fertilizer, be preferably diammonium phosphate; For potash fertilizer, be preferably potassium sulfate.
In order to make grape carry out delayed cultivation better, improve grape nutrient quality further, the inventive method preferably includes: during viticulture, control the carbon dioxide concentration in air is 800-1500ppm, is preferably 800-1200ppm.For controlling the method for the carbon dioxide concentration in air without particular/special requirement, the method that this area is conventional can be adopted, conveniently operate, preferably adopt the mode using pocket type carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer to control the concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Air.
In the present invention, the kind of grape be preferably selected from Qiu Hong, autumn black, Italy and red milk at least one.
Qiu Hong has another name called rose on Christmas, and Eurasian kind, originates in the U.S., this kind fruit grain length is oval, raw comparatively tight, the heavy 7-8g of general grain, pericarp is thin, time ripe be cerise to aubergine, pulp is firmly crisp, can thinly slice, meat is fine and smooth, crisp sweet good to eat, fresh food quality is splendid, no impurity taste, no-dehiscent fruit phenomenon, general soluble solid content can reach more than 17 % by weight; Fruit grain length and large, fruit grain firmly raw, pole storage tolerance.This kind growth potential is comparatively strong, and ripening rate is high, disease-resistant high yield, BEIJING PLAIN area rudiment in April about 10, and on May about 25 bloomed, and on September about 30 is ripe, about 170 days vegetative period.It is longer to hang the tree time after this kind maturation, and BEIJING PLAIN open country is delayed to late October and gathers, and do not occur taking off sugar, wilting and dehiscent fruit, and quality increases substantially, when reasonable cultivation management, little on the growing way impact of next year.
Autumn is black, and Eurasian kind, originates in the U.S., this kind fruit grain is closely cylindrical, raw comparatively tight, the heavy 7-8g of general grain, pericarp is thick, and fruit powder is thick, is beautiful black-and-blue time ripe, pulp is firmly crisp, can thinly slice, meat is fine and smooth, sweet and sour taste, no-dehiscent fruit phenomenon, general soluble solid content can reach more than 16 % by weight; Fruit grain firmly raw, pole storage tolerance.This kind growth potential is comparatively strong, and ripening rate is high, disease-resistant high yield, BEIJING PLAIN area rudiment in about 10 days April, and on May about 25 bloomed, and on September about 30 is ripe, about 170 days vegetative period.It is longer to hang the tree time after this kind maturation, and BEIJING PLAIN open country is delayed to late October and gathers, and does not occur taking off sugar, wilting and dehiscent fruit, when reasonable cultivation management, little on the growing way impact of next year, the strong stress resistance of this kind.
Italy, Eurasian kind, Appennin sausage, this kind fruit grain is oval, raw comparatively tight, the heavy 7-8g of general grain, pericarp is medium, time ripe be yellow green to green-yellow, pulp is hard, meat is fine and smooth, flexible, has pure strong rose scent, fragrant and sweet tasty and refreshing, general soluble solid content can reach more than 16 % by weight, and fresh food quality is splendid; Fruit grain firmly raw, pole storage tolerance.This kind growth potential is medium, more disease-resistant high yield, BEIJING PLAIN area rudiment in April about 10, and on May about 25 bloomed, and on September about 15 is ripe, about 155 days vegetative period.It is longer to hang the tree time after this kind maturation, and BEIJING PLAIN open country is delayed to late October and gathers, and do not occur taking off sugar, wilting and dehiscent fruit, and rose scent is denseer, pol is higher, when reasonable cultivation management, little on the growing way impact of next year.
Red milk, Eurasian kind, genus middle-late ripening variety, fruit ear is compact, the elongated fruit climax point of fruit grain, and the heavy 9-11g of grain, the heavy 500g-700g of fringe, meat is firmly crisp, extremely sweet, pleasant to the palate, local flavor is splendid, and every contains seed 1-2 grain, and pericarp is thin, sugar 25-29 % by weight.Blade five splits, on split dark under split shallow, median size, becomes leaf leaf back to have fine hair, more coarse.Its fruit bearing shoot rate is 95%, germination rate 90%, and natural setting ability is strong, fruit ear many raw at 3-4 sheet leaf place, base portion eye very easily forms bud simultaneously, and fruit early September goes on the market, and can be suspended to mid or late October de-ly not fall if do not pluck fruit.Fruit color also changes thereupon and pinkly becomes scarlet so that become aubergine from just ripe.
What those skilled in the art should understand that is, the present invention is intended to the content by measuring organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, according to measurement result determination fertilizer applications, realize grape delayed cultivation, therefore, for the daily cultivation management measure in viticulture process, such as temperature, humidity, the pruning of tree body, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc., without particular/special requirement, the daily management method of this area routine can be adopted, such as:
Temperature: in the budding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 7-15 DEG C; At flower in earlier stage, temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 12-15 DEG C; At the florescence, temperature controls at 27-31 DEG C daytime, controls night at 17-20 DEG C; In fruit expanding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 5-10 DEG C; After fruit maturation, temperature controls at 5-15 DEG C daytime, and night controls at 3-8 DEG C.
Lower the temperature gradually after fruit harvesting, temperature maintains minimum temperature and is not less than-5 DEG C, allows tree body naturally enter resting stage, in case fruit bearing shoot is endured cold, also meets the demand of grape to low temperature amount.
Adopt grape delayed cultivation method of the present invention, grapevine seedling need not undercarriage just can safe overwintering, reduce and bury soil and to survive the winter the many adverse effects brought.
Humidity: be 60-65% in blossom-control technics relative moisture, during all the other cultivations, control relative moisture is 60-80%.
In the present invention; for the concrete grammar of temperature, humidity regulation; the various methods that this area is conventional can be adopted; such as; the cultivation of grape can be carried out in protecting field, then at grape different growing stage, according to outside air temperature by adding sunshade net, add cascade, the modes such as straw mat, switch vent, covering film that cover regulate temperature in protecting field, humidity; this is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, does not repeat them here.As those skilled in the known, protecting field can be booth, greenhouse by solar heat etc.
Conveniently regulate and control, manage, grape delayed cultivation of the present invention preferably carries out in protecting field.
Tree body is pruned: after rudiment, when seeing titbit, carry out bud picking process, impel remaining bud robust growth.In young sprout vegetative period, carry out determining tip process, determine the density in frame face, impel the robust growth of residue branch; Before blooming, leading shoot stays the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf, and sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 1-3 sheet leaf, and energetic branch stays two fringes, and golden mean of the Confucian school branch stays 1 fringe, extracts secondary fringe, and pinch and remove fringe point, fruit bearing shoot is fixed added; Fertilization is bad, growth is less, grow the fruit grain of deformity and intensive fruit to spend rear 15-20 days to remove; Rainy season stays normal one-tenth blade one to two leaf in age to sublateral shoot, pinching repeatedly; Before fruit maturation, retain the functional leaf that one to two panels becomes leaf blade size in age; After extracing fruit dormancy, every strain stays two healthy and strong result mothers climing, stays 4-6 bud at its base portion.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: can remove Lao Pi before rudiment, treats that the bobbles phase carefully sprays 3-5 degree lime sulfur, comprises trunk and soil; Before young sprout grows to and blooms, spray broad spectrum activity medicament depending on weather condition, as high in generation, large life, lucky star, Amici reach, if early spring is overcast and rainy continuously, greenhouse humidity is comparatively large, must spray the medicament that a time is prevented and treated gray mold and Spike-stalk Brown Spot more, as phonetic mould peace, ten thousand mould spirits, large life etc.; Spray a broad spectrum activity medicament when thanking colored, notice that rotation makes with medicament; Clean fruit ear with broad-spectrum germicide immediately after fruit thinning, if blade rain, the medicament preventing and treating downy mildew must be sprayed; Fruit start painted, increase sugar time, make a call to a broad-spectrum germicide, add the insecticidal/acaricidal agent of high-efficiency low-toxicity simultaneously.Be conventionally known to one of skill in the art for used medicament and respective usage amount, do not repeat them here.
In the present invention, in order to reduce the sick worm harm of fruit growth period, alleviating the pollution of agricultural chemicals and dust, improving fruit face fineness, make fruit color even, bright in luster, pericarp is fine and smooth, to go forward side by side One-step delay fruit maturation, prevent that ultraviolet is excessively strong, fruit was painted deeply, preferably adopt fruit bagging technology.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated for following embodiment, but therefore do not limit the present invention.
In the examples below:
Content of organic matter assay method in cultivating soil: GB 9834-88;
Total nitrogen content assay method in cultivating soil: GB 7173-87;
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content assaying method in cultivating soil: LY/T 1229-1999;
Phosphorus pentoxide content assay method in cultivating soil: GB/T 23843-2009;
Potassium oxide content assay method in cultivating soil: GB/T 6609.6-2004;
Soluble solid content assay method in fruit: GB/T 10788-89.
Following embodiment is carried out in the different greenhouses on Beijing suburb different experiments ground, and cultivation management is consistent:
Temperature: in the budding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 7-15 DEG C; At flower in earlier stage, temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 12-15 DEG C; At the florescence, temperature controls at 27-31 DEG C daytime, controls night at 17-20 DEG C; In fruit expanding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 5-10 DEG C; After fruit maturation, temperature controls at 5-15 DEG C daytime, and night controls at 3-8 DEG C.
Humidity: be 60-65% in blossom-control technics relative moisture, during all the other cultivations, control relative moisture is 68-73%.
Tree body is pruned: after rudiment, when seeing titbit, carry out bud picking process; In young sprout vegetative period, carry out determining tip process; Before blooming, leading shoot stays 8 leaf pinching, and sublateral shoot stays 2 leaf pinching, and energetic branch stays two fringes, and golden mean of the Confucian school branch stays 1 fringe, extracts secondary fringe, and pinch and remove fringe point, fruit bearing shoot is fixed added; Spend and within latter 15 days, remove the fruit grain and intensive fruit that fertilization is bad, growth is less, growth is lopsided; Rainy season stays normal one-tenth blade two leaf in age to sublateral shoot, pinching repeatedly; Before fruit maturation, retain the functional leaf that two panels becomes leaf blade size in age.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: remove Lao Pi before rudiment, treats that the bobbles phase carefully sprays 4 degree of lime sulfurs, comprises trunk and soil; Before young sprout grows to and blooms, make a call to a lucky star, play ten thousand mould spirits; A generation is made a call to high when thanking colored; Fruit ear is cleaned with carbendazim immediately after fruit thinning; Fruit start painted, increase sugar time, spray a tpn.
Further, spray eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution of 0.1 % by weight before spending, in eight Boratexes or eight potassium borates, the amount of application of eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution is 65,000 grams/acre; Fruit expanding period sprayed the sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution of 0.1 % by weight every 10 days, with sugar alcohol calcium chelate, the amount of application of each sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution is 65,000 grams/acre; After fruit maturation, sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.2 % by weight and the aqueous solution of urea of 0.2 % by weight every 12 days, in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount of application of each potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 65,000 grams/acre, with ureometer, the amount of application of each aqueous solution of urea is 65,000 grams/acre.
By using pocket type carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer during cultivating, the concentration controlling carbonic acid gas is 800-1200ppm.
Fertilizer adopts local farmers' compost, and nitrogenous fertilizer adopts urea, and phosphate fertilizer adopts diammonium phosphate, and potash fertilizer adopts potassium sulfate.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustration of grape delayed cultivation method of the present invention.
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured: organic matter 1.2 % by weight, full nitrogen 0.06 % by weight, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 68mg/kg, phosphorus pentoxide 30mg/kg, potassium oxide 90mg/kg;
(2) base manure: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 2,000 thousand grams/acre, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3.5 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 5,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.5 thousand grams/acre; The grape variety of planting is that the autumn is red; Topdress: flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 7,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 4.5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.8 thousand grams/acre.
Statistical delay is plucked about 95 days, measures soluble solid content average out to 23 % by weight in fruit.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is for illustration of grape delayed cultivation method of the present invention.
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured: organic matter 1.5 % by weight, full nitrogen 0.09 % by weight, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 80mg/kg, phosphorus pentoxide 50mg/kg, potassium oxide 110mg/kg;
(2) base manure: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1,600 thousand grams/acre, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 2.6 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 4,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3,000 grams/acre; The grape variety of planting is Italy; Topdress: flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3,000 grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.3 thousand grams/acre.
Statistical delay is plucked about 90 days, measures soluble solid content average out to 22 % by weight in fruit.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is for illustration of grape delayed cultivation method of the present invention.
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured: organic matter 2 % by weight, full nitrogen 0.13 % by weight, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 90mg/kg, phosphorus pentoxide 70mg/kg, potassium oxide 130mg/kg;
(2) base manure: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1,200 thousand grams/acre, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.8 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 3,000 grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2,000 grams/acre; The grape variety of planting is red milk; Topdress: flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.7 thousand grams/acre.
Statistical delay is plucked about 100 days, measures soluble solid content average out to 24 % by weight in fruit.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, adopt the inventive method successfully can realize the delayed cultivation of grape, and grape fruit soluble solid content is more than 20 % by weight, fruit high-quality.
The inventive method has not only enriched fruit in winter, also for transformation pattern of farming, innovation cultivation mode, increasing economic efficiency and increasing farmers' income opens new way.
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (8)
1. a method for grape delayed cultivation, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) organic in cultivating soil, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide content is measured;
(2) according to the measurement result determination fertilizer applications of step (1);
Wherein, described fertilizer applications comprises point base manure and topdressing and applies fertilizer, and described base manure comprises fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, described in topdress and comprise nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer; The fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, and the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-5.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: in nitrogen, and the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 9-15 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.5-8 thousand grams/acre.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, topdresses and applies at twice: in flowering stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-3 thousand grams/acre.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, described fertilizer applications comprises:
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1-1.3 % by weight, 0.05-0.07 % by weight in cultivating soil, 60-74mg/kg, 20-39mg/kg, 80-99mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1800-2500 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 3-4 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 4.7-5.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.3-4 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 6.7-7.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 3.8-5 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.6-7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.4-1.7 % by weight, 0.08-0.1 % by weight in cultivating soil, 75-85mg/kg, 40-60mg/kg, 100-120mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1400-1700 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 2.2-2.8 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 3.4-4.5 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.6-3.2 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5.8-6.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.8-3.6 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4.8-5.5 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2.1-2.5 thousand grams/acre;
When the potassium oxide of the phosphorus pentoxide of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the full nitrogen containing the organic matter of 1.8-2.1 % by weight, 0.11-0.15 % by weight in cultivating soil, 86-100mg/kg, 61-80mg/kg, 121-140mg/kg, the fertilizing amount of base manure comprises: in organic matter, the amount of application of fertilizer is 1000-1300 thousand grams/acre, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre, and in phosphorus, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 2.5-3.2 thousand grams/acre, in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2.5 thousand grams/acre; The fertilizing amount of topdressing comprises: flowering stage, and in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 5-5.6 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 2-2.7 thousand grams/acre; Young fruit expanding stage, in nitrogen, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 4-4.7 thousand grams/acre, and in potassium, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 1.5-2 thousand grams/acre.
4. according to the method in claim 1-3 described in any one, wherein, described method comprises: eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution that spray 0.05-0.15 % by weight before spending, and in eight Boratexes or eight potassium borates, the amount of application of eight Boratexes or the eight potassium borate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; Fruit expanding period sprayed the sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution of 0.05-0.15 % by weight every 7-10 days, in sugar alcohol chelating calcium, the amount of application of each sugar alcohol chelating calcium aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre; After fruit maturation, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.15-0.25 % by weight and the aqueous solution of urea of 0.15-0.25 % by weight is sprayed every 10-15 days, in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the amount of application of each potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 60-75 thousand grams/acre, with ureometer, the amount of application of each aqueous solution of urea is 60-75 thousand grams/acre.
5. according to the method in claim 1-3 described in any one, wherein, described method comprises: during viticulture, control the carbon dioxide concentration in air is 800-1500ppm.
6. according to the method in claim 1-3 described in any one, wherein, described method comprises: in the budding period, and temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 7-15 DEG C; At flower in earlier stage, temperature controls at 25-28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 12-15 DEG C; At the florescence, temperature controls at 27-31 DEG C daytime, controls night at 17-20 DEG C; In fruit expanding period, temperature controls at 18-23 DEG C daytime, controls night at 5-10 DEG C; After fruit maturation, temperature controls at 5-15 DEG C daytime, and night controls at 3-8 DEG C.
7. according to the method in claim 1-3 described in any one, wherein, described method comprises: be 60-65% in blossom-control technics relative moisture, and during all the other cultivations, control relative moisture is 60-80%.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the kind of described grape be selected from Qiu Hong, autumn black, Italy and red milk at least one.
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