CN106717962A - A kind of onion cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of onion cultural method, at present, the problem that onion production is present is many, have impact on the normal growth development of onion, and yield is difficult to improve.The inventive method is onion in 4 meters of embanked fields, play semicircle 5 ridges, semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 centimetres of ridge, semicircle ridge diameter is exactly that row spacing is 80 centimetres, plant 9 seedling bands of onion on every semicircle ridge, 125 centimetres of semicircle ridge arc length, distance is 13 centimetres in seedling interband cambered surface, 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, difference in height between seedling band is 10 centimetres, actual plant onion is 45 row seedling bands in standard 4 meters of embanked fields, every contrast flat load in ridge increases by 3 row seedling bands, the flat mu that carries is transplanted 38432 plants, one 6, ridge seedling band, 4 meters of 30, embanked field seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fields increased 15 row seedling bands, one one plant of cave, 57649 plants of semicircle ridge culture mu plant, it is 19217 plants that mu increases strain number.

Description

A kind of onion cultural method

Technical field

Agricultural planting industry onion cultural method.

Background technology

At present, the problem that onion production is present is many, and blindly, arbitrarily fertilising phenomenon is protruded, and causes dose excessive or mistake It is few, have impact on the normal growth development of onion.The old kind of traditional onion of part green onion agriculture custom plantation low yield inferior.Part green onion agriculture To the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of onion not in time, not thoroughly.There is the light pipe phenomenon of replanting in part green onion agriculture, cause intertillage management not in place. Too early, green onion seedling is excessive for some sowings, and low temperature vernalization phenomenon easily occurs, and makes onion bolting ahead of time, and too late, rice shoot is weak for some sowings Small, fertility postpones, and bulb expanding stage shortens, and yields poorly.Plant level ridges is flat to carry conventional method, and density is small, solid space utilization rate Low, yield is difficult to improve.The inventive method be onion in 4 meters of embanked fields, play semicircle 5 ridges, semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of ridge 40 centimetres, semicircle ridge diameter is exactly that row spacing is 80 centimetres, transplanted on every semicircle ridge 9 seedling bands of onion, 125 lis of semicircle ridge arc length Rice, distance is 13 centimetres in seedling interband cambered surface, 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and the difference in height between seedling band is 10 centimetres, 4 meters of embanked field realities of standard Border plant onion is 45 row seedling bands, and every ridge contrast is put down to carry and increases by 3 row seedling bands, puts down and carries 38432 plants of mu plant, 6, a ridge seedling band, 4 meters of 30, embanked field seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fields increased 15 row seedling bands, one plant of a cave, 57649 plants of semicircle ridge culture mu plant, mu increase strain Number is 19217 plants, and it is 50% that mu increases strain number, and cultural method is planted in the band semicircle ridge culture of the row seedling of a ridge nine, make full use of field seedling band it Between difference in height, it is poor just to naturally form 20 cm heights after plant between nursery stock, makes full use of illumination and field solid space, Planting density is rationally improved, supporting management is added, onion per unit area yield is improved, break traditions cultural method, increased producer's economy and receive Enter.

The content of the invention

The inventive method be onion in 4 meters of embanked fields, play semicircle 5 ridges, semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 centimetres of ridge, half Circle ridge diameter is exactly that row spacing is 80 centimetres, transplanted on every semicircle ridge 9 seedling bands, 125 centimetres of semicircle ridge arc length, seedling interband cambered surface Upper distance is 13 centimetres, and difference in height between seedling band is 10 centimetres, and actual plant the in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard be, 45 row seedling bands, 4 meters of furrow Field increased 15 row seedling bands, and one plant of a cave, 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is transplanted 57649 plants, form 4 meters of embanked fields, 5 ridges of plant, a ridge Cultural method is planted in the band semicircle ridge culture of four row seedlings, and this cultural method is called meter embanked field of semicircle Raised-bed Planting in China, i.e., 4, semicircle ridge 5 Bar, 1 ridge plant, 9 row seedling bands, mu is kept a full stand of seedings 5.76 ten thousand plants.Referred to as 459 semicircle ridge culture methods.

Specific embodiment：

First, Fruit variety

Calusena lansium kind

Beijing Calusena lansium：Beijing Calusena lansium is Beijing local varieties.The functional leaf of strain has 9~11 pieces, and leaf is tubulose, and there is wax on blade face Powder, bottle green.Bulb crust sundown, plump scale is yellow-white, and the smaller bulbs form of plateau differs.It is oblate The longitudinal and transverse footpath ratio of person is 1：1.5~1.6, neck is relatively thin (about 2 centimetres), and single ball weighs about 100 grams.Spheroidal person compares 1 in its longitudinal and transverse footpath： 1.2, neck is relatively thick (about 3 centimetres), and single ball weighs 150~200 grams.Unicorn stem is delicate, and fiber is few, and pungent is relatively gently and slightly sweet.Bulb contains Water is less, storage tolerance.Every 666.7 square metres of products, 1500~2000 kilograms of bulb.

Flood peach：Flood Tao Shi Tianjin farmers' improved seeds.About 60 centimetres of plant height.The cross section of tubulose leaf is large semicircle Shape, blade face it is micro- wax powder, bottle green, leaf sheath (false stem) part light green color.Squama is imitated in stake spheroidal high, longitudinal and transverse footpath ratio about 1： 1, medium sized bulb transverse diameter ratio is 5 centimetres, and large-scale bulb can be more than 7 centimetres, and single ball weighs about 200 grams, and bulb crust is orange Color, plump scale is yellow-white.Bulb pungent is denseer, and fiber is few, quality better；But moisture kind more flat than water chestnut is high.Therefore Not as the flat storage tolerance of water chestnut.Every 666.7 square metres are produced 2500 kilograms or so.

Water chestnut is flat：Water chestnut Bian Shi Tianjin farmers' improved seeds.Tubulose leaf is long 40 centimetres, and the functional leaf of strain has 9~10 pieces, Green, wax powder is more.Bulb is oblate, vertical 4.5 centimetres of footpath, 7 centimetres of transverse diameter, and single ball weighs more than 100 grams.Bulb crust khaki, Meat scale is faint yellow, and moisture is few, pungent weight, storage tolerance, quality better.Yield is slightly below flood peach.

Topaz green onion：Topaz green onion is Chengde City, Hebei Province local varieties, the existing introducing and planting in the Northeast.50 centimetres of plant height, About 40 centimetres of plant development degree；There is wax powder on tubulose leaf bottle green, blade face, and individual plant has 9~11 pieces of leaf, and blade is about 30 centimetres, slightly Degree is less than 1 centimetre.Bulb is oblate, indulges 5~6 centimetres of footpath, and more than 7 centimetres of transverse diameter, bulb crust yellowish-brown, scale is faint yellow, Single bulb weighs 150~200 grams.Fine and tender taste, sweet peppery moderate, quality better.Cold-resistant, it is heat-resisting, compared with storage tolerance；Every 666.7 squares Rice can produce 1250~1750 kilograms.

Bear high mountain round onions：Bear high mountain round onions is bred as by Xiong Yue specialized agricultural schools school of Liaoning Province in 1966-nineteen eighty-two, Liaoning Province's agriculture The Cultuvar registration committee has passed through authorization.Plant strain growth is vigorous, 70~80 centimetres of plant height, 8~9 pieces of the functional leaf of strain. Tubulose leaf bottle green, there is wax powder on blade face.Ripe bulb is oblate；Vertical 4~6 centimetres of footpath, 6~8 centimetres of transverse diameter is outer to be had by orange-yellow Half keratin firecoat of gloss.5~6 layers of meat scale, outer layer is faint yellow, internal layer milky.Single bulb weighs 130~160 grams.It is suitable Ying Xing, resistance and disease resistance are strong, and with Salt And Alkali Tolerance and the characteristics of be difficult Early bolting.Every 666.7 square metres of yield is 3500 kilograms or so.

Fujian yellow onion：The kind is in existing more than the 20 years cultivation history in Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province.Nearly 60 centimetres of plant height, pipe Shape leaf is tiltedly given birth to, bottle green, and there is a wax powder on blade face, and blade is about 50 centimetres, 1.5 centimetres of cross section, and leaf sheath is about 10 centimetres, and top is shallow Green, bottom white.The keratin of bulb crust half, brown color, meat scale white, 8~8.5 centimetres of transverse diameter indulges 8~9.5 lis of footpath Rice is single heavy more than 300 grams.Flat four shape of bulb or stake spheroidal high.Cold-resistant, drought-enduring, disease resistance is also strong, but heat-resisting, resistance to overhead flooding injury It is medium.It is Mid-late ripening, short-day type kind, every 666.7 square metres can produce 3400~4500 kilograms.In addition to edible, can also take off Water is drying.

Platform agriculture selects No. 3：It is that the gardening experiment of Taiwan Province agricultural experiment institute's wind mountain torrid zone divides institute in seed selection in 1985 that platform agriculture selects No. 3 The new varieties of name.Plant is tall and big, upright, and leaf color is dark green.Bulb is oblate, outer by the keratin firecoat of deep yellow brown half.Bulb outward appearance Good, neck is thin, and qualification rate is high and quality better.Harvest within 95~120 days after precocity field planting, belong to short-day type kind.

A thousand pieces of gold：A thousand pieces of gold is that the hybridization that Taiwan Province cultivates recently is wide for kind, and plant strain growth gesture is strong and anti-riolet root rot.Bulb is flat Circle, about 8 centimetres of vertical footpath, 10.5 centimetres of transverse diameter, the big neck of ball is thin, and firecoat brown color, scale is light yellow, and single bulb is averagely weighed 300 grams or so.Storage tolerance, quality better belongs to precocious, short-day type kind, harvests within 110 days after field planting, is suitable to for export.

Wan Jin：Ten thousand gold medals are the kinds that TaiWan, China peasant company newly cultivates, and are suitable to the cultivation of Taiwan Province south.Plant is higher Greatly, uprightly, leaf color is denseer.Bulb is oblate, vertical average 9.3 centimetres of footpath, 11.2 centimetres of transverse diameter, and single bulb averagely weighs 600 grams. Consolidation, anti-purple spot, resistance to black spot.Harvest within 120~140 days after field planting, ripe in belonging to, short-day type Calusena lansium kind.

Purple (red) skin kind

Beijing purple skin：Purple skin onion is local varieties in Beijing.Plant is high more than 60 centimetres, about 45 centimetres of development degree.Strain is active 9~10 pieces of leaf of energy, bottle green has wax powder；Leaf sheath is thicker, green.Bulb is oblate, indulges 5~6 centimetres of footpath, 9 centimetres of transverse diameter with On.Bulb crust is red, meat scale light violet magenta.Single bulb weighs 250~300 grams, and scale is plump, but not consolidation, aqueous Divide more, quality is medium.Mid-late ripening.Every 666.7 square metres are produced 2500 kilograms or so, and high-yield field is up to 4000 kilograms.Physiology is stopped The dormancy phase is short, easily germination, and storage property is poor.

The red skin of stake high：The red skin onion of stake high is the seed selection from the red skin onion in Xi'an of Shaanxi Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute .Plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and tubulose leaf bottle green has wax powder.Bulb indulges 7~8 centimetres of footpath, and 9~10 centimetres of transverse diameter is ripe The keratin of bulb crust half, aubergine, meat scale white band are purple dizzy, and single bulb weighs 150~200 grams.Mid-late ripening, resistance to rich water, Tiller is few, and winter resistance is strong, but storage property is poor.General every 666.7 square metres can produce 3500~4000 kilograms.

Gansu purple skin：More than 70 centimetres of the purple skin onion plant height in Gansu, 10 pieces or so of the functional leaf of strain, dark green leaf color has Wax powder, leaf sheath (false stem) is thicker.Bulb is oblate, indulges 4~5 meters of footpath, 9~10 centimetres of transverse diameter, the keratin of firecoat half, aubergine, meat 7~9 layers of matter scale, in lavender.Single bulb weighs 250~300 grams.Pungent is dense, and washiness, quality is medium.It is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, It is rudiment morning, perishable but rest period is short.General every 666.7 square metres can produce more than 3500 kilograms.

The red skin in Nanjing：About 70 centimetres of the red skin onion plant height in Nanjing, tubulose leaf green has wax powder, leaf sheath upper green, bottom Yellow-white.Bulb is oblate, the firecoat aubergine of appearance, meat scale white band aubergine milky spot, inside there is bulbil 2~3.Squama Stem is single heavy 100~150 grams.Winter resistance is strong, and rest period is short, and storage property is poor.Every 666.7 square metres can produce 1750~2,000,000 Gram.

Jhansi Red skin：50~70 centimetres of Jhansi Red skin onion plant height, strain opens up 45 centimetres.Tubulose leaf bottle green, wax powder is few, squama Stem is oblate, indulges 5 centimetres of footpath, about 7 centimetres of transverse diameter.By half keratin aubergine firecoat outside ripe bulb, meat scale light violet magenta, Single bulb averagely weighs more than 200 grams.Pungent is denseer, and quality is crisp, and easy dehydration, storage property is poor.Every 666.7 square metres can produce 1750~2000 kilograms.

The red skin in Guangzhou：Red skin onion is Guangzhou local varieties in Guangzhou.Erect plants are strong, 50 centimetres of plant height, and leaf opens up 2S lis Rice.Tubulose leaf middle and lower part compared with-as red skin kind it is thick, transverse diameter is up to 2 centimetres；There is wax powder on bottle green, blade face.Bulb is oblate, indulges 4~5 centimetres of footpath, about 7 centimetres of transverse diameter.The keratin of crust half, aubergine；Each bulb weighs 100~150 grams.Cold resistance, disease resistance By force；But non-refractory, belongs to short-day type kind.

Fujian purple skin：Fujian purple skin onion is the area such as Foochow, Yongtai, permanently happy main breed.Plant is more upright, and plant height is about 50 centimetres.Tubulose leaf bottle green, blade face wax powder is more.Flat Wei is refined for bulb, about 5 centimetres of vertical footpath, about 8 centimetres of transverse diameter.Ripe bulb The keratin of crust (firecoat) half, aubergine；Partially white before meat scale lavender, single bulb weighs 120 grams or so.Local flavor is sweet peppery suitable In, green onion is aromatic strongly fragrant, can eat raw.Rest period is short, not storage tolerance.Every 666.7 square metres can produce 1000 kilograms.Belong to short-day type product Kind.

White skin kind：Xinjiang White skin

Xinjiang silver skin onion is Xinjiang local varieties, and Zhu Zai areas are Shihezi.Plant strain growth gesture is medium, 60 centimetres of left sides of plant height The right side, about 20 centimetres of plant development degree.Strain gives birth to functional 13~14 pieces of leaf, and tubulose leaf bottle green, blade face wax powder is medium, leaf sheath portion Divide relatively thick, up to 2 centimetres, top is green to diameter, and bottom is white.Bulb is oblate, nearly 5 centimetres of vertical footpath, about 7 lis of transverse diameter Rice, the crust white of ripe bulb, film quality, meat scale white, about 15 layers, single bulb weighs about 150 grams.Quality is tender and crisp, sweet Highly seasoned, pungent is light, and fiber is few, and quality is excellent, can both eat raw, also can prepared food, be more suitable for dewatering drying.Precocity, rest period is short, often 666.7 square metres can produce 2000 kilograms.

The white skin in Jiangsu：Jiangsu silver skin onion is Jiangsu Province's Yangzhou local varieties.Plant is more upright, 60 centimetres of plant height with On.Tubulose leaf is more elongated, blade portion bottle green, and there is wax powder on blade face, and leaf sheath top is light green color, and bottom is white.Bulb is more It is oblateness, indulges 6~7 centimetres of footpath, about 9 centimetres of transverse diameter.The ripe keratin of bulb crust half, yellow-white, meat scale white, inside have Bulbil 2~4, single bulb weighs 100~150 grams.Quality is tender and crisp, sweet and light peppery, is suitable to eat raw and dewatering drying, also can be ripe Food.Precocity, cold resistance is strong, and every 666 square metres can produce 1500~1750 kilograms.

It is white beauty competition：It is silver skin onion that beauty competition Bai Shi Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Vegetable Research Institute is introduced from the U.S., by 5 For the new lines that the present proterties of Systematic selection has been stablized.The cm of plant height 60, the functional leaf of strain has 9~10 pieces, leaf color Green, wax powder is few, leaf sheath light green color.Bulb spheroidal, sphere diameter l0 cms, crust white, film quality, meat scale twine white, Consolidation, single bulb averagely weighs more than 250 grams.Bulb quality is tender and crisp, sweet peppery agreeable to the taste, is suitable to eat and process drying raw.Its cold-resistant Property, storage property, it is difficult bolting and the adaptability to salt, alkaline earth earth increases than original seed.It is every 666.7 square metres that cell surveys product Can reach 4000 kilograms of level.

Tillered-onion and the kind of heading onion

Tillered-onion：In Fang County of Hubei Province, the cultivation of the county such as Sichuan Province Fengjie, Wushan is more, and locality is referred to as fruit green onion.Additionally, lucky Also there is cultivation in Shuan Yang counties of woods province, but do not form gardening specific breed at present.Plant grows thickly, and tillering ability is strong, and individual plant can form 7~ 9 spherical cloves.Its tubulose leaf is thinner than common onion, and blade is about 30 centimetres, and there is wax powder on bottle green, blade face.Bulb ball Shape, the keratin of crust half, aubergine；Meat scale white, with micro- purple milky spot.Quality is medium, and single bulb weighs about 150 grams.

Northeast heading onion：Northeast heading onion is called Westerner green onion, head shoot onion, Egyptian onion.In Heilongjiang Province that Shore suburbs, Jilin Province Shuan Yangxian have cultivation.Plant grows thickly, and leaf is in thin tube-like, is about 30 centimetres, and section is semicircle, green, There is wax powder on blade face.Plant tillering power is strong, but irregularly, every plant can generate multiple bulbs, and bulb is generally spindle, and crust half is removed from office Matter, yellowish-brown, 150~300 grams of single tiller bulb.On flower a kind of sedge raw aerosol index ball, have Calusena lansium and purplish red skin two types Some aerosol index bear leaflet on a kind of sedge, can be bred as bulb.Bulb storage tolerance, pungent is medium.

The red green onion of meander：The red green onion of meander is called non-irrigated green onion, Lou Zicong.It is Hequ county in Shanxi province's local varieties, cultivation history is long. Red green onion belongs to onion mutation of heading a ball, and plant grows thickly, and leaf is in fine tubulose, bottle green, has wax powder in local 5~June point Strain, bolting, on a kind of sedge angry raw clove, wherein 1~3 not leave and be in colored a kind of sedge shape, above again angry raw clove, it is colored A kind of sedge is overlapped, in floor shape, therefore also known as Lou Zicong.Drought-enduring, cold-resistant, tillering ability is strong, wide adaptability.

The red green onion in northern Shensi：Northern Shensi Hong Congshi Yan'an, Yulin Prefecture's cultivation local varieties for many years.60~78 centimetres of plant height, pipe Shape leaf bottle green, there is wax powder on medium-coarse, blade face.The flat cylindricality of bulb, long 23~31 centimetres, the keratin of crust half, russet.Working as Ground 5~June pumping spends a kind of sedge, aubergine of growing thickly above aerosol index 3~14, wherein 1~3 bulb bud is in flower a kind of sedge shape, on Face again raw aerosol index.Bulb is pungent and fragranced is dense.With tillering ability is strong, cold-resistant, the characteristic such as drought-enduring and barren-resistant, but It is extremely late-maturing.It is local to carry out nursery, the field planting of Second Year Cold Dew, Dan Congchong during harvesting in the 3rd year in First Year the beginning of autumn sowing aerosol index More than 370 grams, every 666.7 square metres can produce 1000~1500 kilograms.

The red green onion in Gansu：Red green onion is called Lou Zicong in Gansu.Cultivate peaceful in Hexi Corridor in Gansu and other arid areas, Gansu Summer border land with 80~90 centimetres of North Shaanxi plant height, bulb is long 30 centimetres, thick nearly 2 centimetres, and crust is isabelline from nursery Needed 2 years to harvesting, every 666.7 square metres can produce 2500 kilograms.

The red green onion in Tibet：The red green onion in Tibet is also Tibetan green onion, Lou Zicong.In the Lhasa of Tibet Autonomous Region, Rikaze, Nanmulin and Sa There is cultivation on the ground such as loud, high-pitched sound.60~75 centimetres of plant height, strain Cong Ye opens up 40~60 centimetres, and tubulose leaf medium-coarse, bottle green has wax Powder；Leaf sheath part is about 30 centimetres, thick 1~1. 5 centimetres, growth is not expanded, and the keratin of crust half, bronzing, internal scale are white Color.Every plant can occur tiller 5~8, and raw 4~8 pieces of tubulose leaf in each tiller.In Tibet region 6~July bolting, top Raw aerosol index 10~16, and have little Hua, but do not set seeds, also there is colored a kind of sedge to overlap in the characteristic of floor shape.The red green onion in Tibet Cold-resistant, drought-enduring, heat-resisting, adaptability is extremely strong, can be with safe overwintering.Aerosol index is gathered between 6~July of Lhasa and Shigatse District Nursery, Second Year late March to early April is colonized, and can be harvested successively in mid or late June to early November.Every 666.7 square metres 1000~1500 kilograms can be produced.

2nd, Seed Treatment

Carry out mechanically or manually selected before broadcasting, reject broken grain, scab grain, worm food grain, have blue or green blighted grain and other impurities, it is selected after Seed will reach more than two grades of breedings, purity more than 99%, cleanliness 98%, germination percentage more than 95%, and water content is not higher than 13%.It is selected Seed afterwards all carries out seed pelleting before broadcasting, seed coat agent should be rich scarce selected for local pest and disease damage and soil trace element, plants Corresponding micro- fertilizer seed dressing should be increased when trace element is not enough in clothing agent.

3rd, site preparation and fertilization

（One）, site preparation

In 4 meters of embanked fields before field planting, semicircle 5 ridges are played, semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 centimetres of ridge, and semicircle ridge diameter is exactly ridge A width of 80 centimetres, dissipate and apply kg/ mus or so of decomposed manure 8000.

(2), apply fertilizer

Rational application of fertilizers：Apply two ammoniums（N-P2O5-K2O=18-46-0）75kg/ mus+compound potassium sulfate fertilizer（N-P2O5-K2O=15-0- 30）Kg/ mus of 12kg/ mus+zinc sulfate of 75kg/ mus+calcareous fertilisers 1.5；Agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must accomplish that deep placement or layering are applied.Preventing and treating ground Lower insect, field kg/ mus of granule 1~2 of champion, mixes with chemical fertilizer base manure and applies.

（Three）, foliage top dressing

In every mu of 0.1~0.2kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50ml humic acid of 5 leaf phase to water 30kg foliage-sprays；9 every mu of acid amides of leaf phase To water 40kg foliage-sprays, foliage-spray of spending 15 days again is once for the ml+ acid dihydride potassium 0.1kg of ester 100ml+ amino acid 50.General spray Apply 3~4 effects obvious.

The effect of humic acid fertilizer

1st, fertility is strengthened（1）Soil is reduced to soluble phosphorus fixation, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, promotes the work of soil trace element Change, usual Soil Phosphorus acid calcium is difficult to be dissolved in water, and adds the hydrophosphate and dihydric phosphate formed after humic acid reaction Water is all dissolved in, can be absorbed by crops.（2）Humic acid can with some difficulty soluble salt forms exist trace element as Fe, AL, Cu, Mg, Zn form complex compound.Water is dissolved in be absorbed by crops.The chelating micro- fertile price of these micro- commercial chemistries is expensive, typically Peasant is reluctant purchase, and humic acid is moderate, deep to be welcome by peasant.

2nd, improved soil structure（1）Promote the formation of soil granular.Humic acid can promote soil granular structure to be formed, to In soil application of organic fertilizers also can improved soil structure, this is mainly and is converted at leisure by edaphon, if often applied Will accelerate this conversion process with humic acid fertilizer.（2）Be conducive to soil reclaimed water, fertilizer, the regulation of air and heat situation.Work as soil When the granule result of earth improves, the reduction of its unit weight, porosity increase possess good permeability.When humic acid fertilizer is received To microorganism action breaks when the heat that sends, especially early spring crop seedling be just unearthed when, can make low temperature improve and Play anti-cold spell in spring effect.（3）Transformation lean soil and salt-soda soil.Adhering to for a long time can fundamentally poor using humic acid fertilizer Lean soil remediation is good farmland.In south using the red soil of humic acid fertilizer improvement " sour, lean, plate, dry ", protrusion is also achieved Effect.Acid due to humic acid can be neutralized with the alkalescence in salt-soda soil, so the acid-base value of the adjustable soil of humic acid, reaches Administer saline and alkaline effect.（4）Promote the activity of edaphon.After applying humic acid fertilizer in soil, in soil The activity of microorganism has aggravation to act on, and especially soil azotobacter is significantly increased, and can significantly increase the content of nitrate, The nitrogen nutrition for enriching soil improves the nutritional condition of crop root.

The effect of carboxylic acid amide esters

Carboxylic acid amide esters（DA-6）Chlorophyll in plant body, protein, the content and photosynthetic rate of nucleic acid, raising peroxide can be improved The activity of enzyme and nitrate reductase, promotes the carbon of plant, and nitrogen metabolism strengthens the absorption of plant pair liquid manure and the accumulation of dry, Regulation internal water balance, strengthens crop, disease-resistant, the drought resisting of fruit tree, cold tolerance;Delay plant senesecence, promote early ripening of the crops, Volume increase, the quality for improving crop；So as to reach volume increase, increase matter.

4th, onion nursery

Again seed bed preparation, fertilising, reason moisture in the soil.Selection physical features is higher, irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field of fertile soil does seedbed, and seedbed is turned over After, every mu is uniformly managed moisture in the soil to plough 2-3 afterwards with the biogas residue 2000kg or high-quality barnyard manure 2000-3000kg for becoming thoroughly decomposed in small, broken bits, spreading, and moisture in the soil is wide 1-2m, 10cm high, ditch bottom width 25cm, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields and is made seed manure with urea 5kg or composite fertilizer 10kg, pour it is permeable after, mid or late August Can sowing.

Fine sowing.General every mu of seeding in nursery bed 4-5kg, after planting covers the thick thin loam of 1-1.5cm, after planting keeps soil Earth is moistened, and is watered in good time depending on soil regime, is topdressed with reference to watering, the night soil 1000- that fertilising every mu of use of quantity is become thoroughly decomposed 2000kg or urea 10-16kg, when seedling has 1-2 piece true leaves, carries out thinning weeding in time.The key technology of onion nursery：

1st, the rational application of fertilizer：Onion seed is small, and growth of seedling is slow, and chordal shaped root is shorter, and root amount is few, and rich water absorption rate is not high. Seedbed should select fertile soil loose, can keep the plot of moistening.With reference to turning over the Kilograms Per Square Meter of organic fertilizer about 10 applying and become thoroughly decomposed, 60-80 grams/m of compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer.Well mixed, leveling is steady and sure.The rational application of fertilizer, nurturing staff is the key measure of volume increase One of.Seedling stage applies the seedling of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements with Hefei, than the seedling individual plant average weight of not basal dressing And root system weight can increase by 1 times.

2nd, vola water is poured：According to vegetable grower's many years of experience, onion nursery is wet to broadcast than dry that to broadcast effect good.Bottom water fills full, depth of pouring water Degree is no less than 6cm, and to meet the need for onion emerges, pouring water halfway makes seedbed hardened, the robust growth of unfavorable full stand and onion.

3rd, proper seeding：Specific date of seeding, is different because of various regions weather conditions, and local sowing time can be determined with graphing method.I.e. With temperature as ordinate, with month as abscissa, with one curve of numeric renderings of monthly mean temperature, 15 DEG C are found out above Point, a vertical line is made by this point to abscissa, is pushed away further along 40 days with the point of intersection of abscissa, as local suitable sowing Phase.There is suitable date of seeding various regions.This is to be drawn from production practices for a long time, should observe and can not arbitrarily change.Autumn Broadcast nursery as too early in sowed, Second Year may occur Early bolting and sow too late, and seedling trophosome is too small, difficulty of surviving the winter, Adverse consequences can be brought to production, lost more than gain on the contrary.

4th, earthing appropriateness：Onion is overboard after planting, timely earthing, and native sieving, cladding thickness are mixed with the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed 0.8-1.5cm, earthing is excessively thin to be also easy to produce " band cap seedling ", though cause onion to take root shallow and dead or not dead growth it is not good for It is strong, lodging is also easy to produce, earthing is blocked up also to influence full stand.

5th, timely sunshade：Onion germination does not need light, and to oxygen also without excessive demand, onion after planting, should just be covered in time Film or lid grass, for keeping ground moistening and preventing heavy rain from washing away, conditional place should select Sunshade film.Condition does not possess can Gather materials on the spot, covered with grass.According to vegetable grower's experience, good permeability is covered with yellow wormwood artemisia, seedbed pollution is few.

6th, foliage application：Onion blade face spray phosphorus can promote root system development.Because onion absorbs and operates from soil The process of phosphorus is very slow, shows according to relevant information, and running to blade tip end from after tip of a root absorption takes around 3-4 days, blade face spray Phosphorus can uptake and transport at one or two hour.In order to be beneficial to slow seedling root of hair, before field planting 10-15 days to onion set foliage spray 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, can improve the root of hair ability after onion field planting.This is a method given a pleasure which would cost one nothing, and is worth carrying Advocate.

5th, field planting method

Onion plays semicircle 5 ridges in 4 meters of embanked fields, and semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 centimetres of ridge, and semicircle ridge diameter is exactly row spacing It is 80 centimetres, 9 seedling bands of being transplanted on every semicircle ridge, 125 centimetres of semicircle ridge arc length, distance is 13 centimetres in seedling interband cambered surface, Difference in height between seedling band is 10 centimetres, and the actual plant in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard is that 45 row seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fields increased 15 row seedlings Band, one plant of a cave, 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is transplanted 57649 plants, forms 4 meters of embanked fields, 5 ridges of plant, the row seedling of a ridge four band semicircle ridge Make plant cultural method, this cultural method is called semicircle Raised-bed Planting in China.1st, seedling is selected in classification.Root system hair is chosen during field planting Up to, robust growth, seedling of uniform size；Eliminate excessive growth seedling, downgrade seedling, sick seedling, branch seedling, the too small seedling of overgrowth.And It is classified by the height and rugosity of seedling, is generally divided into three-level：The cm of one-level height of seedling 15, thick 0.8 centimetre；Two grades of 12 lis of heights of seedling Rice, thick 0.7 cm；The cm of three-level height of seedling 10, thick 0.6 cm.An equal amount of seedling can be planted after classification Plant together, to carry out Classification Management, promote field growing consistent.

2nd, plantation density.Onion erect plants, rational close planting obvious effect of increasing production, be onion high yield key measure it One.General 15-18 centimetres of line-spacing, 10~13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, every mu can transplant 30,000 plants or so.Should be according to kind, soil, fertility The density of field planting is determined with seedling size, general early-maturing variety is preferably close, and red skin kind is preferably dilute, soil fertility difference preferably close, seedlings It is preferably dilute.To keep onion head on the premise of a certain size, maximum density is arrived in plant.

3rd, resident time.Autumn plant time grow can root regeneration after transplanting, without carrying out plant strain growth Survive the winter and be advisable.Field planting too early, plant starts growth, and seedling of surviving the winter is excessive, and Second Year is susceptible to bolting phenomenon in advance；Cross fixed late Plant, root system not yet restoration ecosystem, easily by freeze injury.Field planting in 30-40 days is advisable before the general arrival with severe cold.Luohe area is general Resident time is by the end of October to early November.

6th, chemical weed control

During onion nursery, every mu can be with 65-75 grams of 50% prometryn wettable powder to 40-60 kilograms of spraying of water.Or mu uses 33% 100 milliliters of missible oil is led in weeding, it is also possible to every mu of 150 milliliters of 48% Amex820 missible oil of use, can also every mu of 50% herbicide of use 1 it is wettable Property 150 grams of pulvis, respectively to the spraying of 50 kilograms of water.

Before onion is transplanted after the site preparation, every mu can be with 24% if so 66-72 milliliter, or every mu of non-irrigated careless spirit 80-100 of use 43% is in the least Rise, respectively to 50-60 kilograms of spraying of water.

Onion plant after the 3-4 leaf phases, every mu can be with 24% if so 66-72 milliliter, or every mu of careless 80-100 milliliters of spirit of the drought of use 43% is distinguished To 50-60 kilograms of spraying of water.

To improve the effect that onion applies herbicide, it should be noted that after planting to go out preemergence application during nursery.Will be in seedling after transplanting Weeds go out preemergence application after son is planted.Onion disabled within 2 leaf phases if so, used with caution before 3 leaves if so.When temperature is low, fine day noon It is front and rear to apply, morning or dispenser in afternoon when temperature is high.Sand should not apply prometryn.

7th, overlay film

General 7 days covering with plastic film before field planting, using laminating machine overlay film, 5 width are covered per furrow, realize full-film covering, and the embanked field ridge Also mulch film is covered with, close proximity to ground is elastic moderate, in film side embedment ditch, uses soil pressure reality.

8th, disease control

The common disease of onion has downy mildew, purple spot, wasting disease, soft rot etc., and common insect pest has Hylemyia Platura Meigen, thrips, red spider Spider, grub, mole cricket.When field management is carried out, a situation arises the various pest and disease damages of meticulous inspection, finds disease pest harm, Purchase medicine preventing and treating in time, the method for taking physics, biology, chemical prevention to be combined, it is ensured that the healthy growth of onion rice shoot reaches rich Produce the purpose of good harvest.Downy mildew：1st, symptom：Scab is in pale green, oblong.Involve the first half, plant when serious Jaundice is withered, and sick leaf is in inverted " v ".During high humidity, sick minister goes out white to the mould layer of purplish grey.Bulb softens after catching an illness, and plants Strain is downgraded, leaf curling deformity.2nd, prevent and treat：Early stage sprays 90% 3 400~500 times of liquid of second aluminum phosphate pulvis, or 75,%00 Bacterium 600 times of liquid of clear pulvis, 50% first frost copper 800~1000 times of liquid, 72.2% general makes every effort to overcome the medicaments such as 800 times of liquid of aqua, every 7~10 It 1 time, continuously prevent and treat 2~3 times.Onion gray mold 1, symptom：Just on leaf raw white ovals or subcircular spot, more by leaf Sharp development downwards, is gradually linked to be piece, crimps Folium Allii fistulosi withered.During high humidity, a large amount of grey mold are born on dead leaf.2nd, prevent and treat：Hair Sick initial stage rotation sprays 500 times of liquid of 500% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl, 50% Sukeling is also can select if necessary or 50% is flutterred Glycolylurea and 50% vinclozolin, 1000~1500 times of liquid spray effects are preferable.

9th, control of insect

1st, controlling underground pest

Main to have mole cricket, grub, cutworm, field 2kg/ mus of granule of champion mixes with chemical fertilizer base manure and applies；Also can use 5% Ah Dimension phoxim granule or 15% chlopyrifos granule, apply in ditch or spread fertilizer over the fields furrow face or spread fertilizer over the fields plant when planting seedling by 3 kilograms every mu Surrounding is prevented and treated.

2nd, ground control of insect

A, thrips：With 0.2% matrine, 1000 times of liquid, or with 3% Acetamiprid, 1500~2000 times of liquid, or 3000 times of 10% imidacloprid Liquid, or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1500~2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings.

B, Hylemyia Platura Meigen：With 0.2% matrine, 800 times of liquid, or 0.1% washing powder is added to be made suspension with 10,000,000,000/ml muscardines liquid Immersion bubble filtering is sprayable, and 60kg/ mus must spray foot, or with 1.8% AVM, 1500~2000 times of liquid, 25% d ichlorbenzuron 3 Number 1000 times of liquid of suspension emulsion, the preventing and treating of 2.5% 3000 times of decis liquid.

Tenth, harvest

Tried not during harvesting onion of damaging, rotted because of wound infection with reducing storage period.Directly allow its exocuticle after results Dry, then reprocess or store.Such as weather condition license, can directly be cut off from bottom in the ground, shakeout and dry, dried with it Overground part cauline leaf covering product, in case sunburn.As rainy or farmland is caused that field callus can not be carried out by leaching, using hot-air Forced ventilation carries out callus, and temperature remains 35~45 DEG C, and relative humidity 60%~75%, the drying layer of epidermis can make product in storage No longer dehydration during depositing.Can directly be listed after root and false stem are cut off after callus.What work was preserved, treat that onion epidermis is dried, stem Leaf is shone during to very likely thousand, and braiding is preserved or onion neck is stayed into 6~10cm blade tips, and remaining is cut, and dress basket is preserved or stacked, and is prevented Only drench with rain.To prevent storage period sprouting from sprouting, can in the maleic hydrazide of harvesting the last fortnight foliage-spray 0.25%, maleic hydrazide with 15~ 20 DEG C of warm water add 100~150g soap powder to dissolve, 667 square metres of fluid volume 50kg.

Superseded disease corruption bulb, clove etc. are rejected during pretreatment and is not inconsistent standardization and susceptible worm plant, will be standard compliant Product specification classification by size, packing and selling is used for by best product.

First-class same kind, fresh stem is complete, solid, and color and luster is normal, two-layer scale, bulb top, plateau of outside etc. Position fully dries, and trimming is good, fresh cleaning.Damaged without bulbil sprouting, peculiar smell, rotten, soil debris, pest and disease damage and machinery Wound.Harmful substance residual quantity is within relevant standard value.Quality requirements：Failure's number is no more than 5%, and eligible should be accorded with Secondary standard is closed, rotten person must not exceed 0.5%, and the undesirable number of parts by weights grade is no more than 10%.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of onion cultural method,

Onion plays semicircle 5 ridges in 4 meters of embanked fields, and semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 centimetres of ridge, and semicircle ridge diameter is exactly row spacing It is 80 centimetres, 9 seedling bands of being transplanted on every semicircle ridge, 125 centimetres of semicircle ridge arc length, distance is 13 centimetres in seedling interband cambered surface, Difference in height between seedling band is 10 centimetres, and the actual plant in 4 meters of embanked fields of standard is that 45 row seedling bands, 4 meters of embanked fields increased 15 row seedlings Band, one plant of a cave, 13 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is transplanted 57649 plants, forms 4 meters of embanked fields, 5 ridges of plant, the row seedling of a ridge four band semicircle ridge Make plant cultural method, this cultural method is called meter embanked field of semicircle Raised-bed Planting in China, i.e., 4,5, semicircle ridge, 1 ridge plant, 9 rows Seedling band, mu is kept a full stand of seedings 5.76 ten thousand plants, referred to as 459 semicircle ridge culture methods；Specific embodiment：

First, Fruit variety

Calusena lansium kind：Beijing Calusena lansium, flood peach, water chestnut is flat, topaz green onion, and No. 3, thousand are selected in bear high mountain round onions, Fujian yellow onion, platform agriculture Gold, Wan Jin；Purplish red skin kind：Beijing purple skin, the red skin of stake high, Gansu purple skin, the red skin in Nanjing, Jhansi Red skin, the red skin in Guangzhou, good fortune Build purple skin；White skin kind：Xinjiang White skin, the white skin in Jiangsu is white beauty competition；Tillered-onion and the kind of heading onion：Tillered-onion, Northeast heading onion, the red green onion of meander, the red green onion in northern Shensi, the red green onion in Gansu, the red green onion in Tibet；

2nd, Seed Treatment

Carry out mechanically or manually selected before broadcasting, reject broken grain, scab grain, worm food grain, have blue or green blighted grain and other impurities, it is selected after Seed will reach more than two grades of breedings, purity more than 99%, cleanliness 98%, germination percentage more than 85%, and water content is not higher than 13%；Sowing 25 grams of preceding use carboxylic acid amide esters, are blended into 50 DEG C of 2.5 kilograms of warm water, add onion seed, consumption to submerge seed with dilution and be after stirring evenly Preferably, soak 3-5 hours, pull out and sowed after drying, never vexed kind of vernalization；

3rd, site preparation and fertilization：Site preparation, in 4 meters of embanked fields before field planting, plays semicircle 5 ridges, and semicircle ridge radius is exactly a height of 40 lis of ridge Rice, semicircle ridge diameter is exactly that row spacing is 80 centimetres, dissipates and applies kg/ mus or so of decomposed manure 8000；Rational application of fertilizers：Apply two ammoniums, N- P2O5-K2O=18-46-0,75kg/ mu+compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O=15-0-30,75kg/ mu+calcareous fertilisers 12kg/ mus+ Kg/ mus of zinc sulfate 1.5；Agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must accomplish that deep placement or layering are applied；Preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect, field champion granule 1~2 Kg/ mus, mix with chemical fertilizer base manure and apply；Foliage top dressing, the leaf phase of onion 5, every mu of 0.1~0.2kg potassium dihydrogen phosphates+50ml is rotten Acid is grown to water 30kg foliage-sprays；The ml+ acid dihydride potassium 0.1kg of 9 every mu of leaf phase carboxylic acid amide esters 100ml+ amino acid 50 are to water 40kg leaves Face is sprayed, and foliage-spray once, is typically sprayed 3~4 times to spend 15 days again；

4th, onion nursery

The rational application of fertilizer：Onion seed is small, and growth of seedling is slow, and chordal shaped root is shorter, and root amount is few, and rich water absorption rate is not high, seedling Bed should select fertile soil loose, can keep the plot for moistening, with reference to turning over the Kilograms Per Square Meter of organic fertilizer about 10 applying and become thoroughly decomposed, nitrogen 60-80 grams/m of phosphorus composite fertilizer, is well mixed, and leveling is steady and sure, the rational application of fertilizer, nurturing staff, is the key measure of volume increase One of；Seedling stage applies the seedling of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements with Hefei, than the seedling individual plant average weight of not basal dressing And root system weight can increase by 1 times；Pour vola water：Onion nursery is wet to be broadcast better than dry effect of broadcasting, and bottom water fills full, and water irrigating depth is many In 6cm, to meet the need for onion emerges, pouring water halfway makes seedbed hardened, the robust growth of unfavorable full stand and onion；Optimum period, is broadcast Kind：Specific date of seeding, is different because of various regions weather conditions, and local sowing time can be determined with graphing method, i.e., with temperature as ordinate, with Month is abscissa, with one curve of numeric renderings of monthly mean temperature, 15 DEG C of points is found out above, by this point to abscissa Make a vertical line, pushed away further along 40 days with the point of intersection of abscissa, as local Suitable Sowing Period；There is suitable broadcasting various regions Phase, this is to be drawn from production practices for a long time, should observe and can not arbitrarily change, and autumn sowing nursery is as too early in sowed, the Early bolting may occur and sow too late within 2 years, seedling trophosome is too small, difficulty of surviving the winter, also can to production bring it is bad after Really, lose more than gain on the contrary；Earthing appropriateness：Onion is overboard after planting, timely earthing, and native sieving is mixed with the farm manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed, Cladding thickness 0.8-1.5cm, earthing is excessively thin to be also easy to produce " band cap seedling ", though it is shallow and dead or not dead raw to cause onion to take root Length is not healthy and strong, is also easy to produce lodging, and earthing is blocked up also to influence full stand；Timely sunshade：Onion germination does not need light, does not have to oxygen yet There is excessive demand, onion after planting, just answers timely overlay film or lid grass, for keeping ground moistening and preventing heavy rain from washing away, there is bar The place of part should select Sunshade film, and condition does not possess can gather materials on the spot, and be covered with grass, according to vegetable grower's experience, cover saturating with yellow wormwood artemisia Gas is good, and seedbed pollution is few；Foliage application：Before field planting 10-15 days to onion set foliage spray 0.2%-0.4% biphosphates Potassium, can improve the root of hair ability after onion field planting；

5th, chemical weed control

During onion nursery, every mu can use 33% with 65-75 grams of 50% prometryn wettable powder to 40-60 kilograms of spraying of water, or mu 100 milliliters of missible oil is led in weeding, it is also possible to every mu of 150 milliliters of 48% Amex820 missible oil of use, can also every mu of 50% herbicide of use 1 it is wettable Property 150 grams of pulvis, respectively to the spraying of 50 kilograms of water；Before onion is transplanted after the site preparation, every mu can with 24% if so 66-72 in the least Rise, or every mu of drought 80-100 milliliters of spirit of grass of use 43%, respectively to 50-60 kilograms of spraying of water；The 3-4 leaf phases after onion cultivation, every mu can use 24% if so 66-72 milliliters, or every mu of drought 80-100 milliliters of spirit of grass of use 43%, respectively to water 50-60 kilograms spray；To improve onion Using the effect of herbicide, it should be noted that after planting to go out preemergence application during nursery, weeds to be emerged after young plant is planted after transplanting Preceding administration, onion disabled within 2 leaf phases if so, used with caution before 3 leaves if so, when temperature is low, fine day is applied around noon, when temperature is high Morning or dispenser in afternoon, sand should not apply prometryn.