CN105123378A - Green planting technology for south open ground blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry of same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural plantation, and especially relates to a green planting technology for south open ground blueberries and interplanting winter strawberries of the same. In the method, line spacing of the blueberries is 2 m, a compartment of 4-4.5 m is used, strawberries are transplanted on the compartment surface of blueberries, and transplant time is middle of August to early September, line spacing is 30 cm, and row spacing is 25 cm. Time-to-market of the blueberry fresh fruit is May to September, combining with planting winter strawberries, time-to-market of the fresh fruit is October to April of the next year, combination advantages of a dual-berry (blueberry plus winter strawberry) are complementary to each other, and an all-year supply mode that 12 months have blueberries or strawberry fresh fruits is realized. Average picking price of the blueberries is 180-280 RMB for each kilogram, and average picking price of the strawberries is 60-150 RMB for each kilogram, and the picking price is 5-8 times higher than that of an ordinary market, output value per mu is increased by multiple times, and economical benefits is considerable.

Description

The green planting technology of a kind of southern open country blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates in field of agricultural cultivation, particularly the green planting technology of a kind of southern open country blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof.

Background technology

Blueberry, belongs to Ericaceae, Vaccinium plant.Originate from North America, perennial shrub small berries fruit tree, because fruit is in blue, therefore be called blueberry.Mainly be distributed in the cool sunny area of weather temperature, as the area such as Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol, Changbai mountain, Jilin, Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province, Dandong, the Shandong Jiaodong peninsula, southwest, Zhuji, zhejiang, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Tibet of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, North America and China's Mainland, be grown on height above sea level 100 meters to 3, the area of 500 meters, being more common in softwood forest, peat bog, tundra, mountain region and pasture, is also the important component part of Chinese photinia shrubbery.China is mainly in Liaoning, Heilungkiang, the areas such as Jilin, Changbai Mountain northeastward and Xing'anling mountains and the southwest one wild varieties resource with blueberry class plants such as the many wild great bilberries of self-sow (be commonly called as sincere this, all persimmons), blueberries.

Blueberry nutrient enriches, and is not only rich in conventional nutrients, but also containing very abundant anthocyan, flavonoids and polysaccharide compound, be therefore otherwise known as " fruit queen " and " king of berry ".

Blueberry pulp is fine and smooth, unique flavor, moderately sour and sweet, has again fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance.In blueberry, the conventional nutrients content of such as protein, vitamin etc. is very abundant, and mineral matter and micronutrient levels are also considerable.

Anthocyan is a kind of very important plant water-soluble pigment, belongs to the anti-aging and nutritive replenishers of pure natural, is the most effective antioxidation biology activating agent that the current mankind find.In blueberry, anthocyanidin content is very high, and anthocyan kind is also very abundant simultaneously, and research finds to contain Anthocyanins in high clump blueberries unexpectedly up to 15 kinds more than, although the content of anthocyan is not identical in different cultivars blueberry, general content is all relatively high.

In blueberry, organic acid content accounts for the over half of total acid content.In organic acid, major part is citric acid, other have ursolic acid, quininic acid and malic acid etc.Need emphatically that one what carry is ursolic acid, ursolic acid is also known as malol, and belonging to a kind of faintly acid pentacyclic triterpenoid, is the functional component of multiple natural products, has biologic activity widely, and effect is given prominence in antitumor etc. especially.

Containing multiple polyphenols in blueberry, phenolic acid is exactly a wherein important class.Phenolic acid is the one of aldehydes matter, has good trophic function and the pharmacologically active such as anti-oxidant.Phenolic acid in blueberry has more than ten to plant, and what wherein content was the highest is chlorogenic acid, and also known as caffeotannic acid, research finds that it has obvious inhibitory action to kinds cancer (lung cancer, the cancer of the esophagus etc.), and antioxidation is also very powerful simultaneously.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a kind of acid metal enzyme be extensively present in organism, it is free radical scavenger important in organism, its Main Function can exclusively remove the ultra-oxygen anion free radical produced in biological oxidation, is described as " the health care gold of 21 century ".SOD rich content in blueberry, although the SOD content slightly difference in different cultivars blueberry, is more or less the same generally.

Pectin is the general name of a class polysaccharide polymer polymer, scientific research finds, pectin can effectively to remove in human body indigested chyme and other multiple enteron aisle is poisonous wants harmful substances, contribute to regulating postprandial blood sugar and the micro-colony balance of enteron aisle simultaneously, but also well prevention and auxiliary therapeutic action are played to various modern " ciril disease ".In blueberry, pectin content enriches, and is about general apple or banana pectin content 1-3 times.

Pterostilbene, gains the name because being found in red sandalwood plant.Within 2004, scientist just isolates pterostilbene first in the berry plant such as blueberry and grape fruit.Research finds, pterostilbene has the effects such as good anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic equally.Pterostilbene is also subject to showing great attention to of people in the effect of anticancer aspect, and especially in inhibitor against colon carcinoma cells, pterostilbene shows very gratifying effect.

Blueberry is except being rich in above-mentioned multiple nutritional components, and also containing all cloudlike refined tannin alcohol, the materials such as Sodium Benzoate, just because of this, blueberry is defined as one of large healthy food of the mankind five by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation).

Containing above-mentioned abundant nutrient component in Blueberry, have prevent that cerebral nerve is aging, vision protection, cardiac stimulant, anticancer, softening blood vessel, the function such as enhancing human organism immunity, nutrient component is high.Wherein, because blueberry is rich in anthocyan, there is activation retina effect, can eyesight be strengthened, prevent eyeball tired and enjoy and gaze at.One of five large healthy fruit that Ye Shi the World Food Programme is recommended.And according to the U.S., Japan, European Section scholar research, often edible blueberry goods, also can strengthen eyesight, anti-eye strain significantly.Clinical medicine report also shows, and the anthocyan in blueberry can promote that the visual purple in retina cell regenerates, pre-myopia prevention, promotes eyesight.

Blueberry effectively can also reduce cholesterol, atherosclerosis, promotes cardiovascular health; Have and strengthen cardiac function, pre-anti-cancer and cardiopathic effect, can prevent cerebral nerve old and feeble, strengthen mental; In addition, blueberry can also be treated general cold, be had sore throat and the disease such as diarrhoea.

Blueberry is planted experimentally more late in south China area, and when building garden, disposable input is quite high, and it is dozens or even hundreds of times of general crops that mu drops into.And plantation blueberry several years ago, its plant is less, and economic flow rate is not enough, inefficiencies, and the enthusiasm of grower is hit even in impact.

Therefore, a kind of economic implantation methods of blueberry is provided to have important practical significance.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the invention provides the green planting technology of a kind of southern open country blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof.The method can gather in the crops blueberry, the winter strawberry and the spring strawberry, the land utilization rate significantly improved, output and income.

In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:

The invention provides a kind of method of blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof, with banded interval plantation blueberry and the winter strawberry, 4-4.5 railway carriage or compartment opened by rice, blueberry is prior to winter strawberry cultivating, in blueberry row interplant winter strawberry, blueberry line-spacing 2 meters, the winter strawberry band in line-spacing be 30cm, blueberry and the winter strawberry spacing be 25cm.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, blueberry interplanting the winter strawberry method in blueberry and the winter strawberry the symbiosis phase be 207 ~ 228 days.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, blueberry is perennial shrub, early and middle ten days kind transplantation of seedlings in autumn and winter in late September to February; Kind transplantation of seedlings spring in late Febuary to mid-May.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, blueberry interplanting the winter strawberry method in the winter strawberry plant in annual mid or late August to early September.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, blueberry interplanting the winter strawberry method in the winter strawberry spacing in the rows be 25cm, every nest stays seedling 1 strain, and the winter planting density of strawberry is 2666 ~ 4000 plants/acre.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, the spacing in the rows of blueberry is 100 ~ 120cm, and every nest stays seedling 1 strain, and the planting density of blueberry is 277 ~ 333 plants/acre.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, on the south blueberry, high clump kind is main, also the selectable portion high clump kind in north or lagophthalmos kind.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, base fertilizer application of organic fertilizers in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, topdresses and generally uses acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate, fertilizing amount is 25-32.5 kg/acre, P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, blueberry applies fertilizer 1 year 2 ~ 3 times fertilisings; First time topdresses after having plucked at blueberries; Second time is topdressed after autumn has set in, carries out before rudiment in early spring; High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei ditch are excuted a law or ring-type application method, and fertilization depth is 10 ~ 15 centimetres; Short clump blueberry is for spreading fertilizer over the fields.In addition, apply base fertilizer during the kind transplantation of seedlings of blueberry First Year, based on forest humus (or turfy soil), become thoroughly decomposed the fertilizers such as animal fertilizer, adds the organic matter such as sawmilling, crops straw.

In specific embodiments more of the present invention, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry, winter strawberry cultivars is beauty, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji or red peak.

Concrete, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry provided by the invention, in the green Cultural plan of blueberry:

As preferably, soil, certain kind of berries garden is selected: select the soil gradient of blueberry plantation little, no more than 10 degree; If the gradient is bigger than normal, transforming slope into terrace can be carried out.Soil pH value 4.0 ~ 5.5, optimum scope 4.3 ~ 4.8; The soil of pH value 5.5-6.5 needs to improve the soil, and adjustment soil pH value is at 4.5-5.0, and soil organic matter content is not less than 8%; Deficiency needs to enrich a large amount of organic fertilizers, makes plantation blueberry loosing soil, and ventilation is good, moistening but not ponding.The soil suggestion Bu Jian garden plantation blueberry of soil pH value more than more than 7.0.

As preferably, the garden before plantation prepares: after field is chosen, all must carry out soil melioration as last in field planting.First carry out field and remove weeds in field foreign material etc., then carry out ploughing soil, ploughing depth is advisable with 35 ~ 45 centimetres, levels land after ploughing deeply slaking.Also to improve not in full conformity with the soil required before field planting, grow in order to blueberry.Adjustment P in soil H to 4.5-5.0, every mu of applying organic manure material 1-2 ton, sawdust 8-10 side, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50 kilograms, 50 kilograms, ferrous sulfate, Cosan 75-100 kilogram (consumption of Cosan determines concrete usage amount according to the pH value of soil under the guidance of expert), and then rotary tillage is once, makes soil fertility uniformity.Open railway carriage or compartment ridging after soil melioration completes, open railway carriage or compartment ridging for 4 meters, ditch depth 30-35 centimetre, (wanting zanjon height railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 50-80 centimetre Pingba).Dig planting pit diameter 35 centimetres, dark 35-40 centimetre, cave distance (spacing in the rows), lagophthalmos 1.5 meters, southern high clump 1.2 meters, northern high clump 1.1-1.2 rice, half high clump 1.0 meters, short clump 0.6-0.8 rice.During field planting, every cave puts into turfy soil 5-8 kilogram or be rich in organic mud miscellaneous fertilizers, suitably and native country mix and stir rear plantation.The saturating normal root water of certain filling after plantation.In covering black mulch film or gardening ground cloth or the anti-weeds in field of mulch farming thing stalk and keep soil moisture.

As preferably, Fruit variety: select the kind of suitable local plantation most important.The kind of suitable planting must be determined according to the environmental condition of the weather of locality, soil condition and periphery, the places of cultural interest, market comsupton etc. under the guidance of expert.Southwest weather, ecological diversity, determine the diversity of blueberry kind plantation.The low altitude area of In Chengdu 300-600 rice is suitable for selecting the northern high clump kind of southern high clump kind, part, lagophthalmos kind; Height above sea level 700-1500 rice two upper level is suitable for selecting southern high clump kind, northern high clump kind, part lagophthalmos kind; Height above sea level 1600-2200 rice comparatively alpine region is suitable for selecting the southern high clump kind of northern high clump kind, part; Mountain area, height above sea level 2300-3200 rice plateau is suitable selects the northern high clump kind of half high clump kind, short clump kind and part.Other areas can with reference to the Fruit variety determination adapted varieties in above-mentioned area.

As preferably, blueberry spring, autumn, winter plant, high with autumn and winter planting survival rate, and plantation in spring then should early unsuitable evening.Pot seedling is except summer high temperature should not be planted, and spring, autumn, winter all can plant.Bareroot seedling will in the winter time, the plantation of complete resting stage in early spring.Vaccinium ashei is generally unreal from spending, under the guidance of expert, preferably configure best pollinated variety.After the high clump kind in south suitably configures pollinated variety, output is higher, and local flavor is better.The large multipotency self-flowering fruiting of the high clump in north, suitably configuration pollinated variety also can improve the yield and quality.

Soil management: blueberry Root Distribution is more shallow, and very thin, well developed root system.Therefore require loosing soil, penetrating gas is good.

1. to plough shallowly weeding.All can carry out shallow plowing weeding from early spring to October, keep loosing soil, field is without weeds, and the shallow plowing degree of depth is advisable with 5-10 centimetre, crosses and deeply can injure blueberry root zone.

2. winter planting's green manure.Enter blueberry after autumn and progress into resting stage, can in the ranks plant sweet potato green manure at ditch, can winter weeds be reduced, gather in the rhizosphere that green manure covers blueberry after spring, increase the soil organic matter.Realize ecological circulation.Blueberry growth is better.

3. upper soll layer covers.Upper soll layer covers blueberry and produces upper extensive use.Covering mainly contains agricultural crop straw, become thoroughly decomposed after edible fungi residue, sawdust, husk, the vinasse chaff, pine needle, Chinese medicine slag, bark etc. that become thoroughly decomposed.Increase covering to have and increase the soil organic matter, improve soil structure, adjustment and maintenance soil moisture, reduce soil pH value, control the multiple effects such as weeds.Cover 5 ~ 10 centimetres of sawdusts to blueberry soil, in 3 years, output can improve 30%, and single fruit weight increases 30-50%.

4. poultry weeding.In blueberry garden management, weeding is a very important ring, controls weeds in field and can make output increased more than 1 times.In blueberry is produced, do not advocate to use chemical herbicide.And artificial weeding costly, easily injure root system again once in a while.Except the blueberry maturing stage, can put goose and chicken and duck in a suitable place to breed in blueberry garden appropriateness, they not only can eat up the weeds in orchard, help weeding, can also eat up the insect in park, realize green organic production.Blueberry goose, blueberry chicken are again good ecological poultry products, more by the welcome of consumer, can also reduce production cost simultaneously, add orchard income, achieve many things at one stroke.

As preferably, apply fertilizers scientifically:

1. the principle that applies fertilizers scientifically is followed.The main application of organic fertilizers material of blueberry, follow based on fertilizer, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is auxiliary principle.Multiplex fertilizer, few with or without chemical fertilizer.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used is advisable with 1: 1: 1 with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer three; Tree vigo(u)r vegetative period is good to execute the ammonium fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, should not execute nitrate fertilizer; Blueberry is responsive to chlorine, does not select the chloride fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride.

2. fertilizing method and period.High clump and Vaccinium ashei can be excuted a law with ditch or ring-type application method, and the degree of depth is advisable with 10 ~ 15 centimetres; Short clump blueberry Cheng Yuanhou joins together, to spread fertilizer over the fields.Blueberry topdresses general one year 2 times fertilisings.First time topdresses and execute the 1st fertilizer after having plucked rear end at blueberries.Second time fertilizing time should be selected after autumn has set in, carries out before rudiment in early spring.Have ready conditions and drip irrigation system is installed, can the water-fertilizer integral fertilizer of normalization under expert instructs, effect can be better, and output can increase production 30-50%.

3. fertilizing amount.It is excessive that very easily to make blueberry set the body even whole strain that comes to harm to fertilize dead.Therefore, the determination of fertilizing amount is very prudent, must determine under the guidance of expert according to soil fertility and Growth status nutrition condition.Base fertilizer application of organic fertilizers.As preferably, topdress and generally use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25-32.5 kg/acre, P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.

As preferably, pour water: blueberry Root Distribution is shallow, like moistening, pour water in time very necessary.Blueberry is poured water and be should be noted that water source and water quality, selects clean water source.The general pH value of phreatic water is higher, and sodium and calcium content high, Long-Time Service can affect growth and the output of blueberry.Hydrogen sulfate ammonia and iron ammonium sulfate can be added when pouring water, adjusting about 4.0-4.5 to fill with again pH value, but should about pour water for 3 times and fill with an acid adjustment water again in interval.

As preferably, the pruning of high clump blueberry:

1. the treelet phase prunes.This phase, it was main for increasing branch amount mainly with long tree vigo(u)r.Remove bud, object expands tree crown, increases branch amount, promotes root system development.After field planting, small and weak branch is wiped out in second, third year Winter-Spring, retains shape branch, shortly sprouts the raw branch of base, to expand tree crown, but can result in right amount.Strain in 3rd year is produced and should be controlled at about 1 kilogram, based on vigorous branches result.Within 4th year, to control plant type, remove the sick branch of the old and the weak, cella branch is main.Pruning Away Branches also will do concrete trim mode according to the growth characteristics of kind.

2. tree-pruning in age is become.The bearing tree trim mode of more than 5 years, now prunes and mainly controls the height of tree and tree crown, improve illumination condition, based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch and root turion branch.Tree vigo(u)r is comparatively opened a business kind, go during sparse branching weak stay strong; Upright kind goes to center to do, and puts in a skylight, stays medium branch.The bough result optimum age of tree is life in 5 ~ 6 years, exceedes the renewal that will bounce back in time.Small and weak branch is erased bud, makes its turn to strengthen.Bearing tree flower amount is large, and cut off a part of bud, general each vigorous branches stays 2 ~ 3 buds.

3. veteran upgrades.Field planting 25-30, tree body acrial part is old and feeble, and need entirely to set renewal, namely acrial part is all sawed and removed by close proximity to ground, is again sprouted new buds by base portion.The individual strong shoot of the 4-6 that selects and remain, remaining is all removed.

As preferably, the pruning of short clump blueberry:

1. stump is pruned.Before rudiment in early spring, from plant base portion by acrial part stump, all amputate, the branch under saw is retained in orchard, can play soil and covers and improve organic effect.

2. fire-tongs.Namely all burnt by acrial part in resting stage, again sprout new buds, form bud then, Second Year is yielded positive results.Every 2 years later fire-tongs once, maintain vigorous branches result all the time.Suggestion does not generally adopt, and easily causes brushfire.

As preferably, the high clump Blueberry maturing stage is inconsistent, generally gathers and needs lasting 20 ~ 30 days, usually within every three days, plucks 1 time.The short clump Blueberry maturing stage is relatively more consistent, and mellow fruit morning also difficult drop-off, can gather in the lump after the whole maturation of fruit, available mechanical is gathered.After fruit harvesting, remove the foreign material such as deadwood, fallen leaves, stone, load container.Want artificial when fruit is eaten raw to pluck in time, for fresh-keeping, processing.

Concrete, in the method for blueberry interplanting winter strawberry provided by the invention, the winter strawberry green Cultural plan in:

As preferably, select improved seeds: for the strawberry cultivars that winter or early spring plant, resting stage should be selected more shallow, low temperature resistant and can normally bloom under cryogenic, bear fruit that ability is strong from flower, fruit is large, fruit shape is good, output is high, the kind of quality better.As: the red peak etc. of Japanese beauty, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji, the U.S..

As preferably, selection of land, whole, fertilising.Strawberry has happiness light, happiness fertilizer, is afraid of flooded characteristic.Therefore, planting-site should select that physical features is smooth, fertile soil is loose, draining is good, and has the plot of irrigation conditions.Want covering with plastic film due to during plantation strawberry, vegetative period, supplementary fertilizer was inconvenient.Therefore, should use sufficient base manure in conjunction with ploughing deeply before planting, mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 5000 kilograms, separately adds appropriate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, harrows broken leveling and does railway carriage or compartment, a general 3-4 rice railway carriage or compartment far away, railway carriage or compartment height 20-30 centimetre.

As preferably, field planting: optional strong sprout is in mid or late August field planting.The standard in strong sprout is the long 3-5 centimetre of root, and thick more than 0.8 centimetre of rhizome, has the blade that 3-5 sheet is complete, and root system more completely as well.6 row are planted, line-spacing 30-35 centimetre, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres by the above-mentioned every railway carriage or compartment of requirement doing railway carriage or compartment.Because of high temperature season at a time when field planting, so will ensure to plant to survive, key is the good depth of GPRS and sufficient moisture, reach and deeply not bury the heart, on not crab rooting be the best.Planted buried live the seedling heart, the rotten heart and dead seedling can be caused; Plant too shallow, rhizome exposes and seedling can be made to dry up because of dehydration, and affects later stage strawberry to the absorption of liquid manure, and the normal degree of depth is exactly that seedling heart base portion is mutually concordant with upper native face.After field planting, water permeable immediately, soil must keep 1-2 week moisture state.

As preferably, covering with plastic film and button canopy: covering with plastic film should carry out for about 1 month after field planting.To thoroughly remove disease leaf, Huang Ye before covering, spray 1 thiophanate methyl of 500 times.Longitudinally cover along railway carriage or compartment, 1 mouth is opened with cutter or hand in the position of every strain strawberry, is drawn out by the base of leaf of Strawberry Seedlings from opening part, note trying not to injure blade, opening is little as far as possible.When the very night, temperature was lower than 15 DEG C, started to detain canopy.

As preferably, management after planting: will water in time after field planting, finds that there is and is short of seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings in time.Execute 10 kilograms, urea 1 time with the mu that waters after surviving, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea and 0.5% can be added at ordinary times with laxative.Fruit expanding period, water in time.Otherwise, fruit can be made to diminish, aberration.(according to greenhouse cultivation, because insect pollination is affected, to take to put honeybee or auxiliary pollination when blooming to improve percentage of fertile fruit, reduce malformed fruit.Artificial pollination is patted every day with writing brush, bee pollination every canopy one case.Notice that honeybee immigration first half of the month can not go and buy Chinese medicine, within before blooming 1 week, move into.In addition, in canopy, light filling can improve the yield and quality greatly, reduces malformed fruit rate.)

As preferably, diseases and pests controlling: disease mainly contains gray mold and powdery mildew.Gray mold is mainly anti-with Sukeling 600 times spray; Powdery mildew triadimefon or the clear 600-700 of sterilizing times of liquid spray are prevented.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, and available pyrethrin pesticide is sprayed.

As preferably, as preferably, sale of gathering: strawberry will through 35-45 days from blooming to gathering, and output can reach 2000-2500kg.Sell winter and can gather when 8 is ripe, spring should start to gather in 7 maturations, just can be convenient to transport and sell.During harvesting, gently will pluck and put down gently, deposit with the good Turnover Box of support performance, large bamboo or wicker basket etc., attention is not stacked too thick, in order to avoid weigh fruit wounded.Because strawberry fruiting period is long, Several harvests in batches, accomplish not leak as far as possible and adopt.Otherwise too maturation will lose commodity.

In the blueberry of a kind of southern open country provided by the invention+winter strawberry and two certain kind of berries intercropping and interplanting method, blueberry line-spacing 2 meters, 4-4.5 rice is adopted to play railway carriage or compartment, strawberry is transplanted on face, blueberry railway carriage or compartment, transplanting time be mid or late August-early September, line-spacing 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, survive rear covering one deck black mulch film, then cost Small plastic shed with bamboo frame, then cover one deck black film.Be not less than in the blueberry garden of 8% at soil organic matter content; the strawberry local flavor of planting out is better; also the amount of application (reduction can reach 60-90%) of chemical fertilizer will significantly be reduced; to preserve the ecological environment and soil restoration soil fertility all helpful, simultaneously for China points out the agricultural industry chain pattern of capable of circulation a, sustainable development.

Set up high-end blueberry leisure and pluck Tourism Garden of Ecological, blueberry fresh fruit Time To Market is the 5-9 month, combine plantation winter strawberry simultaneously, fresh fruit Time To Market October is to April next year, the combination of two certain kind of berries (blueberry+winter strawberry) industry is had complementary advantages, and can realize the year-round supply pattern having blueberry or strawberry fresh fruit for 12 months.

At present, in big and medium-sized cities, Sichuan Province, blueberry plucks price per kilogram average out to 180-280 unit, strawberry plucks price per kilogram average out to 60-150 unit, and pluck the general high 5-8 in cost ratio open market doubly, per mu yield value becomes several times to increase, and economic benefit is very considerable.

Embodiment

The invention discloses the green planting technology of a kind of southern open country blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure, and suitable improving technique parameter realizes.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are all deemed to be included in the present invention.Method of the present invention and application are described by preferred embodiment, related personnel obviously can not depart from content of the present invention, spirit and scope methods and applications as herein described are changed or suitably change with combination, realize and apply the technology of the present invention.

Cultivation method provided by the invention is specially:

Match breeding: blueberry selection Gao Cong, lagophthalmos kind are main, wherein, Lai Gexi, Biloxi, suitable indigo plant, seashore, Ao Ni'er, peak, Mi Siti, brilliance, powder indigo plant, circle indigo plant etc., all provide perennial high quality seedling by academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan Province through work.

Date of seeding: blueberry is perennial shrub, in mid-May late September to next year carry out kind of a transplantation of seedlings, daily mean temperature 5 ~ 25 DEG C, air humidity be 0 ~ 100% time;

Winter strawberry in annual mid or late August ~ early September carry out kind of a transplantation of seedlings, daily mean temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, air humidity be 0 ~ 100% time;

Density is arranged: blueberry 277 ~ 333 plants/acre; Winter strawberry 2666 ~ 4000 plants/acre.

The rational application of fertilizer: application of organic fertilizers answered by blueberry base fertilizer, topdress and generally use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25 ~ 32.5 kgs/acre, and P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.; Winter, strawberry used sufficient base manure, and mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 5000 kilograms, separately adds appropriate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.

Timely results: blueberry late April ~ early September results; Winter strawberry late October ~ mid or late March results.Blueberry and the winter strawberry the symbiosis phase be 207 ~ 228 days.

The invention provides kind used, raw material and reagent in the green planting technology of a kind of southern open country blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof all to be buied by market.

Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further:

Embodiment 1: different interplanting mode (density) is on the impact of blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry

The present embodiment carried out in 2013 in dragon's pool village, city proper and areas just outside its gates town, Sichuan Province China province Qingbaijiang District.

Blueberry and the winter strawberry plantation specification be strip cropping, blueberry kind was Ao Ni'er, blueberry line-spacing 200cm, spacing in the rows 120 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 277 plants/acre, in kind transplantation of seedlings on October 11 in 2013; Winter strawberry cultivars is Feng Xiang, kind transplantation of seedlings on August 28.

One, test method: this test adopts randomised block design, when blueberry interplanting mode (density) is consistent, 5 kinds of different winters interplanting strawberries mode (density) are set, totally 5 process, each process repetition 3 times, other control measures are consistent.

Interplanting mode one: line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 20cm;

Interplanting mode two: line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm;

Interplanting mode three: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm;

Interplanting mode four: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 25cm;

Interplanting mode five: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.

Plot experimental design: She15Ge community altogether, each zone leader 6 meters, wide 4 meters, area 24 square metres, blueberry 10 strain (blueberry 2 row, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters) is planted in every community, and between blueberry and strawberry, spacing is 25 centimetres.

Field management method is as follows:

The green culture technique of blueberry:

(1), blueberry standardization park building

1. soil, blueberry garden is selected: select the soil gradient of blueberry plantation little, no more than 10 degree; If the gradient is bigger than normal, transforming slope into terrace can be carried out.Soil pH value 4.0 ~ 5.5, optimum scope 4.3 ~ 4.8; The soil of pH value 5.5-6.5 needs to improve the soil, and adjustment soil pH value is at 4.5-5.0, and soil organic matter content is not less than 8%; Deficiency needs to enrich a large amount of organic fertilizers, makes plantation blueberry loosing soil, and ventilation is good, moistening but not ponding.The soil suggestion Bu Jian garden plantation blueberry of soil pH value more than more than 7.0.

2. the garden before kind planting prepares: after field is chosen, all must carry out soil melioration as last in field planting.First carry out field and remove weeds in field foreign material etc., then carry out ploughing soil, ploughing depth is advisable with 35 ~ 45 centimetres, levels land after ploughing deeply slaking.Also to improve not in full conformity with the soil required before field planting, grow in order to blueberry.Adjustment P in soil H to 4.5-5.0, every mu of applying organic manure material 1-2 ton, sawdust 8-10 side, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50 kilograms, 50 kilograms, ferrous sulfate, Cosan 75-100 kilogram (consumption of Cosan determines concrete usage amount according to the pH value of soil under the guidance of expert), and then rotary tillage is once, makes soil fertility uniformity.Open railway carriage or compartment ridging after soil melioration completes, railway carriage or compartment ridging opened by 4-4.5 rice, ditch depth 30-35 centimetre, (wanting zanjon height railway carriage or compartment, ditch depth 50-80 centimetre) Pingba.Dig planting pit diameter 35 centimetres, dark 35-40 centimetre, cave distance (spacing in the rows), lagophthalmos 1.5 meters, southern high clump 1.2 meters, northern high clump 1.1-1.2 rice, half high clump 1.0 meters, short clump 0.6-0.8 rice.During field planting, every cave puts into turfy soil 5-8 kilogram or be rich in organic mud miscellaneous fertilizers, suitably and native country mix and stir rear plantation.The saturating normal root water of certain filling after plantation.In covering black mulch film or gardening ground cloth or the anti-weeds in field of mulch farming thing stalk and keep soil moisture.

3. Fruit variety: select the kind of suitable local plantation most important.The kind of suitable planting must be determined according to the environmental condition of the weather of locality, soil condition and periphery, the places of cultural interest, market comsupton etc. under the guidance of expert.Southwest weather, ecological diversity, determine the diversity of blueberry kind plantation.The low altitude area of In Chengdu 300-600 rice is suitable for selecting the northern high clump kind of southern high clump kind, part, lagophthalmos kind; Height above sea level 700-1500 rice two upper level is suitable for selecting southern high clump kind, northern high clump kind, part lagophthalmos kind; Height above sea level 1600-2200 rice comparatively alpine region is suitable for selecting the southern high clump kind of northern high clump kind, part; Mountain area, height above sea level 2300-3200 rice plateau is suitable selects the northern high clump kind of half high clump kind, short clump kind and part.Other areas can with reference to the Fruit variety determination adapted varieties in above-mentioned area.Blueberry spring, autumn, winter plant, high with autumn and winter planting survival rate, and plantation in spring then should be early unsuitable late.Pot seedling is except summer high temperature should not be planted, and spring, autumn, winter all can plant.Bareroot seedling will in the winter time, the plantation of complete resting stage in early spring.Vaccinium ashei is generally unreal from spending, under the guidance of expert, preferably configure best pollinated variety.After the high clump kind in south suitably configures pollinated variety, output is higher, and local flavor is better.The large multipotency self-flowering fruiting of the high clump in north, suitably configuration pollinated variety also can improve the yield and quality.

(2), soil rich water quality management

1. soil management: blueberry Root Distribution is more shallow, and very thin, well developed root system.Therefore require loosing soil, penetrating gas is good.

1. to plough shallowly weeding.All can carry out shallow plowing weeding from early spring to October, keep loosing soil, field is without weeds, and the shallow plowing degree of depth is advisable with 5-10 centimetre, crosses and deeply can injure blueberry root zone.

2. winter planting's green manure.Enter blueberry after autumn and progress into resting stage, can in the ranks plant sweet potato green manure at ditch, can winter weeds be reduced, gather in the rhizosphere that green manure covers blueberry after spring, increase the soil organic matter.Realize ecological circulation.Blueberry growth is better.

3. upper soll layer covers.Upper soll layer covers blueberry and produces upper extensive use.Covering mainly contains agricultural crop straw, become thoroughly decomposed after edible fungi residue, sawdust, husk, the vinasse chaff, pine needle, Chinese medicine slag, bark etc. that become thoroughly decomposed.Increase covering to have and increase the soil organic matter, improve soil structure, adjustment and maintenance soil moisture, reduce soil pH value, control the multiple effects such as weeds.Cover 5 ~ 10 centimetres of sawdusts to blueberry soil, in 3 years, output can improve 30%, and single fruit weight increases 30-50%.

4. poultry weeding.In blueberry garden management, weeding is a very important ring, controls weeds in field and can make output increased more than 1 times.In blueberry is produced, do not advocate to use chemical herbicide.And artificial weeding costly, easily injure root system again once in a while.Except the blueberry maturing stage, can put goose and chicken and duck in a suitable place to breed in blueberry garden appropriateness, they not only can eat up the weeds in orchard, help weeding, can also eat up the insect in park, realize green organic production.Blueberry goose, blueberry chicken are again good ecological poultry products, more by the welcome of consumer, can also reduce production cost simultaneously, add orchard income, achieve many things at one stroke.

2. apply fertilizers scientifically:

1. the principle that applies fertilizers scientifically is followed.The main application of organic fertilizers material of blueberry, follow based on fertilizer, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is auxiliary principle.Multiplex fertilizer, few with or without chemical fertilizer.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used is advisable with 1: 1: 1 with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer three; Tree vigo(u)r vegetative period is good to execute the ammonium fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, should not execute nitrate fertilizer; Blueberry is responsive to chlorine, does not select the chloride fertilizer such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride.

2. fertilizing method and period.High clump and Vaccinium ashei can be excuted a law with ditch or ring-type application method, and the degree of depth is advisable with 10 ~ 15 centimetres; Short clump blueberry Cheng Yuanhou joins together, to spread fertilizer over the fields.Blueberry fertilising general one year 2 times fertilisings.First time topdresses and execute the 1st fertilizer after having plucked rear end at blueberries.Second time fertilizing time should be selected after autumn has set in, carries out before rudiment in early spring.Have ready conditions and drip irrigation system is installed, can the water-fertilizer integral fertilizer of normalization under expert instructs.Effect can be better, and output can increase production 30-50%.

3. fertilizing amount.It is excessive that very easily to make blueberry set the body even whole strain that comes to harm to fertilize dead.Therefore, the determination of fertilizing amount is very prudent, must determine under the guidance of expert according to soil fertility and Growth status nutrition condition.Base fertilizer application of organic fertilizers as preferably, topdresses and generally uses acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25-32.5 kg/acre, P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.

3. pour water: blueberry Root Distribution is shallow, like moistening, pour water in time very necessary.Blueberry is poured water and be should be noted that water source and water quality, selects clean water source.The general pH value of phreatic water is higher, and sodium and calcium content high, Long-Time Service can affect growth and the output of blueberry.Hydrogen sulfate ammonia and iron ammonium sulfate can be added when pouring water, adjusting about 4.0-4.5 to fill with again pH value, but should about pour water for 3 times and fill with an acid adjustment water again in interval.

(3), pruning technique

1. the pruning of high clump blueberry:

1. the treelet phase prunes.This phase, it was main for increasing branch amount mainly with long tree vigo(u)r.Remove bud, object expands tree crown, increases branch amount, promotes root system development.After field planting, small and weak branch is wiped out in second, third year Winter-Spring, retains shape branch, shortly sprouts the raw branch of base, to expand tree crown, but can result in right amount.Strain in 3rd year is produced and should be controlled at about 1 kilogram, based on vigorous branches result.Within 4th year, to control plant type, remove the sick branch of the old and the weak, cella branch is main.Pruning Away Branches also will do concrete trim mode according to the growth characteristics of kind.

2. tree-pruning in age is become.The bearing tree trim mode of more than 5 years, now prunes and mainly controls the height of tree and tree crown, improve illumination condition, based on sparse branching, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch and root turion branch.Tree vigo(u)r is comparatively opened a business kind, go during sparse branching weak stay strong; Upright kind goes to center to do, and puts in a skylight, stays medium branch.The bough result optimum age of tree is life in 5 ~ 6 years, exceedes the renewal that will bounce back in time.Small and weak branch is erased bud, makes its turn to strengthen.Bearing tree flower amount is large, and cut off a part of bud, general each vigorous branches stays 2 ~ 3 buds.

3. veteran upgrades.Field planting 25-30, tree body acrial part is old and feeble, and need entirely to set renewal, namely acrial part is all sawed and removed by close proximity to ground, is again sprouted new buds by base portion.The individual strong shoot of the 4-6 that selects and remain, remaining is all removed.

2. the pruning of short clump of blueberry:

1. stump is pruned.Before rudiment in early spring, from plant base portion by acrial part stump, all amputate, the branch under saw is retained in orchard, can play soil and covers and improve organic effect.

2. fire-tongs.Namely all burnt by acrial part in resting stage, again sprout new buds, form bud then, Second Year is yielded positive results.Every 2 years later fire-tongs once, maintain vigorous branches result all the time.Suggestion does not generally adopt, and easily causes brushfire.

(4), gather

The high clump Blueberry maturing stage is inconsistent, generally gathers and needs lasting 20 ~ 30 days, usually within every three days, plucks 1 time.The short clump Blueberry maturing stage is relatively more consistent, and mellow fruit morning also difficult drop-off, can gather in the lump after the whole maturation of fruit, available mechanical is gathered.After fruit harvesting, remove the foreign material such as deadwood, fallen leaves, stone, load container.Want artificial when fruit is eaten raw to pluck in time, for fresh-keeping, processing.

Winter strawberry green culture technique:

(1), improved seeds are selected.For the strawberry cultivars that winter or early spring plant, resting stage should be selected more shallow, low temperature resistant and can normally bloom under cryogenic, flower is beared fruit certainly, and ability is strong, fruit is individual greatly, fruit shape is good, output is high, the kind of quality better.As: the red peak etc. of Japanese beauty, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji, the U.S..

(2), selection of land, whole, fertilising.Strawberry has happiness light, happiness fertilizer, is afraid of flooded characteristic.Therefore, planting-site should select that physical features is smooth, fertile soil is loose, draining is good, and has the plot of irrigation conditions.Want covering with plastic film due to during plantation strawberry, vegetative period, supplementary fertilizer was inconvenient.Therefore, should use sufficient base manure in conjunction with ploughing deeply before planting, mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 5000 kilograms, separately adds appropriate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, harrows broken leveling and does railway carriage or compartment, a general 3-4 rice railway carriage or compartment far away, railway carriage or compartment height 20-30 centimetre.

(3), field planting.Optional strong sprout is in mid or late August field planting.The standard in strong sprout is the long 3-5 centimetre of root, and thick more than 0.8 centimetre of rhizome, has the blade that 3-5 sheet is complete, and root system more completely as well.2 row are planted, line-spacing 20 centimetres, spacing in the rows 13 centimetres by the above-mentioned every ridge of requirement doing the ridge.Because of high temperature season at a time when field planting, so will ensure to plant to survive, key is the good depth of GPRS and sufficient moisture, reach and deeply not bury the heart, on not crab rooting be the best.Planted buried live the seedling heart, the rotten heart and dead seedling can be caused; Plant too shallow, rhizome exposes and seedling can be made to dry up because of dehydration, and affects later stage strawberry to the absorption of liquid manure, and the normal degree of depth is exactly that seedling heart base portion is mutually concordant with upper native face.After field planting, water permeable immediately, soil must keep 1-2 week moisture state.

(4), covering with plastic film and button canopy.Covering with plastic film should carry out for about 1 month after field planting.To thoroughly remove disease leaf, Huang Ye before covering, spray 1 thiophanate methyl of 500 times.Longitudinally cover along the ridge, 1 mouth is opened with cutter or hand in the position of every strain strawberry, is drawn out by the base of leaf of Strawberry Seedlings from opening part, note trying not to injure blade, opening is little as far as possible.When the very night, temperature was lower than 15 DEG C, started to detain canopy.

(5) management after, planting.To water in time after field planting, find that there is and be short of seedling, to fill the gaps with seedlings in time.Execute 10 kilograms, urea 1 time with the mu that waters after surviving, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea and 0.5% can be added at ordinary times with laxative.Fruit expanding period, water in time.Otherwise, fruit can be made to diminish, aberration.(according to greenhouse cultivation, because insect pollination is affected, to take to put honeybee or auxiliary pollination when blooming to improve percentage of fertile fruit, reduce malformed fruit.Artificial pollination is patted every day with writing brush, bee pollination every canopy one case.Notice that honeybee immigration first half of the month can not go and buy Chinese medicine, within before blooming 1 week, move into.In addition, in canopy, light filling can improve the yield and quality greatly, reduces malformed fruit rate.)

(6), diseases and pests controlling.Disease mainly contains gray mold and powdery mildew.Gray mold is mainly anti-with Sukeling 600 times spray; Powdery mildew triadimefon or the clear 600-700 of sterilizing times of liquid spray are prevented.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, and available pyrethrin pesticide is sprayed.

(7), to gather sale.Strawberry will through 35-45 days from blooming to gathering, and output can reach 2000-2500kg.Sell winter and can gather when 8 is ripe, spring should start to gather in 7 maturations, just can be convenient to transport and sell.During harvesting, gently will pluck and put down gently, deposit with the good Turnover Box of support performance, large bamboo or wicker basket etc., attention is not stacked too thick, in order to avoid weigh fruit wounded.Because strawberry fruiting period is long, Several harvests in batches, accomplish not leak as far as possible and adopt.Otherwise too maturation will lose commodity.

Two, test data and data analysis.

Statistics blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry, the results are shown in following table 1.

The different interplanting mode (density) of table 1 is on the impact (kg/acre) of blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry

* significant difference (P < 0.05) is represented; * represents that difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01);

From upper table 1 result, interplanting mode (density) is not remarkable to blueberry yield effect, has remarkable impact to winter Yield of Strawberry.Between blueberry respectively processes, volume variance is without marked change.Different interplanting mode (density) of winter strawberry has (pole) significantly impact (remarks: all make comparisons with interplanting mode one to winter Yield of Strawberry, the result obtained), interplanting mode four reaches (pole) significance level than the volume variance of interplanting mode one, two, three, five respectively.Conclusion: when blueberry interplanting mode (density) is consistent, when the winter, strawberry density was lower, its output is lower, along with density increases, winter Yield of Strawberry is corresponding increase also, and under the density of interplanting mode four, reach maximum output, after this, along with the increase of density, the winter output of strawberry declines on the contrary.Therefore, we adopt interplanting mode four to plant, and blueberry can be made to reach certain output in the treelet phase, make winter strawberry acquisition maximum output simultaneously.

Embodiment 2: Different Fertilization mode and fertilizing amount are on the impact of blueberry output

The present embodiment carried out in 2013 in dragon's pool village, city proper and areas just outside its gates town, Sichuan Province China province Qingbaijiang District.

Blueberry and the winter strawberry plantation specification be strip cropping, blueberry line-spacing 200cm; When broadcasting winter strawberry, the winter strawberry and the spacing of blueberry be 25cm, winter strawberry line-spacing 30 centimetres.Blueberry kind is Ao Ni'er, spacing in the rows 120 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 277 plants/acre, in kind transplantation of seedlings on October 11 in 2013; Winter strawberry cultivars is Feng Xiang, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 4000 plants/acre, kind transplantation of seedlings on August 28.Field management method is with embodiment 1.

One, test method: when the winter, strawberry fertilization mode was consistent, namely base manure is used sufficient, mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 3000 kilograms, separately add appropriate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, topdress 4-5 time after surviving, execute 10 kilograms, urea and a little P, K fertilizer with the mu that waters at every turn, according to circumstances carry out foliage-spray, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea and 0.5% can be added.

Test adopts randomised block design, arranges 3 kinds of different blueberry base manure mode of administration and 1 blank (not basal dressing), totally 4 process, each process repetition 3 times, other control measures unanimously, in mid or late October, 2014 basal dressing.Under blueberry base manure method of application and fertilizing amount are shown in; Topdress and generally use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25 ~ 32.5 kgs/acre, and P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.

Base manure pattern one: every mu executes the pig manure 1500 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed;

Base manure pattern two: every mu executes the pig manure 1000 kilograms that becomes thoroughly decomposed, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30 kilograms;

Base manure pattern three (traditional fertilization): execute 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate for every mu, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30 kilograms, 15 kilograms, ferrous sulfate;

Base manure pattern four: blank (CK), i.e. not basal dressing.

Plot experimental design: She12Ge community altogether, each zone leader 6 meters, wide 4 meters, area 24 square metres, blueberry 10 strain (blueberry 2 row is planted in every community, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters), strawberry 144 strain (strawberry 6 row, line-spacing 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres), between blueberry and strawberry, spacing is 25 centimetres.

Two, test data and data analysis.

Statistics blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry, the results are shown in following table 2.

Table 2 Different Fertilization amount is on the impact (kg/acre) of blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry

Different Fertilization mode	Blueberry output	Winter Yield of Strawberry
			Base manure pattern one (green)	193.9	2107.0
Base manure pattern two (nuisanceless)	197.6	2198.5
			Base manure pattern three (tradition)	158.4	2022.3
Base manure pattern four (CK)	100.8	2156.6

From upper table 2 result, when the winter, strawberry fertilization mode was consistent, the winter strawberry respectively process between volume variance without marked change.Different base manure method of application and fertilizing amount have blueberry output extremely significantly to be affected, base manure pattern one, two, three all reaches pole significance level (P < 0.01) than contrast difference, and base manure pattern one, two reaches significance level (P < 0.01) than base manure pattern three difference, but contrast difference remarkable (P > 0.01) between base manure pattern one, two.Conclusion: we adopt green fertilizer practice (base manure pattern one) and nuisanceless fertilizer practice (base manure pattern two) to plant, winter strawberry acquisition high yield can be made, make blueberry reach certain output in the treelet phase, blueberry interplanting winter strawberry pattern can also realize the maximization of ecology, economic benefit simultaneously.

Embodiment 3: Different Fertilization mode and fertilizing amount are on the impact of winter Yield of Strawberry

The present embodiment carried out in 2014 in dragon's pool village, city proper and areas just outside its gates town, Sichuan Province China province Qingbaijiang District.

Blueberry and the winter strawberry plantation specification be strip cropping, blueberry line-spacing 200cm; During plantation winter strawberry, the winter strawberry and the spacing of blueberry be 25cm, winter strawberry line-spacing 30 centimetres.Blueberry kind is Bridges tower, spacing in the rows 120 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 277 plants/acre, in kind transplantation of seedlings on October 16 in 2013; Winter strawberry cultivars is beauty, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 4000 plants/acre, kind transplantation of seedlings on August 30.Field management method is with embodiment 1.

One, test method: when blueberry fertilization mode is consistent, namely blueberry fertilization mode is 1500 kilograms, every mu, base fertilizer nest organic fertilizer material, sawdust 8-10 side, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20 kilograms, 10 kilograms, ferrous sulfate; Topdress and generally use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25 ~ 32.5 kgs/acre, and P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.

Test adopts randomised block design, 3 kinds of different winter strawberry base manure methods of application and 1 blank (not basal dressing) are set, totally 4 process, each process repetition 3 times, other control measures are consistent, with Small plastic shed Semi-forcing culture Routine Management, in August, 2014 early and middle ten days basal dressing, the last ten-days period transplant strawberry.Winter strawberry base manure method of application and fertilizing amount are topdressed 4-5 time after surviving under seeing, execute 10 kilograms, urea and a little P, K fertilizer at every turn, according to circumstances carry out foliage-spray, can add the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea and 0.5% with the mu that waters.

Base manure pattern one: every mu executes Chicken dung 2000 kilograms;

Base manure pattern two: every mu executes Chicken dung 1000 kilograms, composite fertilizer 35 kilograms;

Base manure pattern three (traditional fertilization): execute 10 kilograms, urea for every mu, 25 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium magnesium sulfate 25 kilograms;

Base manure pattern four: blank (CK), i.e. not basal dressing.

Plot experimental design: She12Ge community altogether, each zone leader 6 meters, wide 4 meters, area 24 square metres, blueberry 10 strain (blueberry 2 row is planted in every community, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters), strawberry 144 strain (strawberry 6 row, line-spacing 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres), between blueberry and strawberry, spacing is 25 centimetres.

Two, test data and data analysis.

Statistics blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry, the results are shown in following table 3.

Table 3 Different Fertilization amount is on the impact (kg/acre) of blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry

Different Fertilization mode	Blueberry output	Winter Yield of Strawberry
			Base manure pattern one (green)	261.8	1870.6
Base manure pattern two (nuisanceless)	279.4	1911.8
			Base manure pattern three (tradition)	281.1	1452.2
Base manure pattern four (CK)	265.7	867.9

From upper table 3 result, when blueberry fertilization mode is consistent, between blueberry respectively processes, volume variance is without marked change.And different base manure method of application and fertilizing amount have extremely significantly impact (P < 0.01) to winter Yield of Strawberry, between base manure pattern one, two, contrast difference is not significantly (P > 0.05), base manure pattern one, two, three all reaches pole significance level (P < 0.01) than contrast difference, and base manure pattern one, two reaches significance level (P < 0.05) than base manure pattern three difference.Conclusion: we adopt green fertilizer practice (base manure pattern one) and nuisanceless fertilizer practice (base manure pattern two) to plant, blueberry can be made to reach certain fresh pod yield in the treelet phase, make winter strawberry acquisition high yield, blueberry interplanting winter strawberry pattern can also realize the maximization of ecology, economic benefit simultaneously.

Embodiment 4: the demonstration of the banded interplanting cultivation method of blueberry-Dong strawberry provided by the invention

Test site: Sichuan Province China province Xinjin County, Jianyang City, Dayi County, Ya'an, Xichang City and Qingbaijiang District.

Control group: adopt single blueberry cultivation method, blueberry date of seeding is 8-15 day in October, 2013, and planting density is 277-333 plant/acre.

Experimental group: blueberry and the winter strawberry plantation specification be strip cropping, blueberry line-spacing 200cm; When broadcasting winter strawberry, the winter strawberry and the spacing of blueberry be 25cm, winter strawberry line-spacing 30 centimetres.Blueberry kind be Ao Ni'er, Bridges tower, than Le Xi, this ladder close etc., spacing in the rows 120 centimetres, individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 277 plants/acre, 8-15 in October, 2013 day kind transplantation of seedlings; Winter strawberry cultivars is beauty, Feng Xiang etc., spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 4000 plants/acre, 25-30 in August, 2014 day kind transplantation of seedlings.

Blueberry fertilization mode base fertilizer, to topdress; Fertilizing amount: every mu of base fertilizer organic fertilizer material 1-2 ton, sawdust 8-10 side, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30-50 kilogram, ferrous sulfate 20-50 kilogram; Topdress and generally use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate (or ferrous sulfate), fertilizing amount is 25 ~ 32.5 kgs/acre, and P, K and micro-fertile consumption should adopt fertilizing and determination method.Winter strawberry fertilization mode base fertilizer, to topdress; Fertilizing amount: use sufficient base manure, mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 3000-5000 kilogram, separately adds appropriate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, topdress 4-5 time after surviving, execute 10 kilograms, urea and a little P, K fertilizer with the mu that waters at every turn, according to circumstances carry out foliage-spray, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea and 0.5% can be added.

Field management method is with embodiment 1.

In maturing stage investigation blueberry and winter Yield of Strawberry, investigation result is in table 4, table 5.

The banded interplanting cultivation method of table 4 blueberry provided by the invention-Dong strawberry

The blueberry output (kg/ mu) of each demonstration pilot project in Sichuan

The banded interplanting cultivation method of table 5 blueberry provided by the invention-Dong strawberry

The winter Yield of Strawberry (kg/ mu) of each demonstration pilot project in Sichuan

From table 4, table 5, adopt the banded interplanting cultivation method of blueberry-Dong strawberry provided by the invention, experiment and demonstration is carried out on Sichuan Province China province Xinjin County, Jianyang City, Dayi County, Ya'an, Xichang City and Qingbaijiang District and other places, blueberry between two groups (control group and experimental group) in 6 experiment and demonstrations ground is remarkable in treelet phase fresh pod yield difference, but experimental group interplanting winter strawberry increase every year one season income.It can thus be appreciated that, blueberry interplanting winter strawberry pattern neither affects the output of blueberry treelet phase, annual can increase again one the last month of winter strawberry income, achieve the ecology of early stage blueberry garden, maximization of economic benefit, this pattern can be promoted at our province early stage blueberry garden (i.e. the non-Feng Hangqian of blueberry tree body).

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the method for a blueberry and interplanting winter strawberry thereof, it is characterized in that, with banded interval plantation blueberry and the winter strawberry, 4-4.5 railway carriage or compartment opened by rice, blueberry prior to winter strawberry cultivating, in blueberry row interplant winter strawberry, blueberry line-spacing 2 meters, winter strawberry band in line-spacing be 30cm, blueberry and the winter strawberry spacing be 25cm.

2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, blueberry and the winter strawberry the symbiosis phase be 207 ~ 228 days.

3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, blueberry is perennial shrub, early and middle ten days kind transplantation of seedlings in autumn and winter in late September to February; Kind transplantation of seedlings spring in late Febuary to mid-May.

4. the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, the winter, strawberry was in the kind transplantation of seedlings of annual mid or late August to early September.

5. the method as described in any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, the winter spacing in the rows of strawberry is 25cm, and every nest stays seedling 1 strain, and the winter planting density of strawberry is 2666 ~ 4000 plants/acre.

6. the method as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of blueberry is 100 ~ 120cm, and every nest stays seedling 1 strain, and the planting density of blueberry is 277 ~ 333 plants/acre.

7. the method as described in any one of claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, blueberry is one or more in southern high clump kind, northern high clump kind or lagophthalmos kind.

8. the method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that base fertilizer application of organic fertilizers, and topdress and use acidic fertilizier containing N as ammonium sulfate, fertilizing amount is 25 ~ 32.5 kgs/acre, and P, K and micro-fertile consumption adopt fertilizing and determination method.

9. the method as described in any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that, blueberry applies fertilizer 1 year 2 ~ 3 times fertilisings; First time topdresses after having plucked at blueberries; Second time is topdressed after autumn has set in, carries out before rudiment in early spring; High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei ditch are excuted a law or ring-type application method, and fertilization depth is 10 ~ 15 centimetres; Short clump blueberry is for spreading fertilizer over the fields.In addition, apply base fertilizer during the kind transplantation of seedlings of blueberry First Year, based on forest humus (or turfy soil), become thoroughly decomposed the fertilizers such as animal fertilizer, adds the organic matter such as sawmilling, crops straw.

10. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the winter kind of strawberry is beauty, Feng Xiang, a chapter Ji or red peak.