CN106358970A - Mountain land planting method of red grapes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mountain land planting method of red grapes and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of industrial crops. The method comprises six steps: land preparation, field planting of nursery-grown plants, young seedling culture, shed frame establishment, reshaping and clipping and fruit period management. The mountain land red grapes planted in lands with the altitude of 2000m to 2300m, the annual average temperature of 10 DEG C to 16 DEG C and the annual rainfall of 400mm to 600mm through the method have the characteristics of strong sprouting, good branch formation, vigorous growth, crispy flesh and bright color of fruits, large size with a few of seeds, capability of being stored for a long period and the like; large-scale planting of the red grapes in mountain lands and mid-level mountain lands can be realized; meanwhile, the planting method not only can be used for effectively reducing the morbidity of grape anthrachose and downy mildew of the red grapes, but can also be used for increasing the per unit yield by 300kg to 500kg; and the economic benefits are relatively large.

Description

A kind of mountain planting method of red grape

Technical field

The invention belongs to industrial crops cultivating technology field is and in particular to a kind of mountain planting method of red grape.

Background technology

1st, red grape also known as the red earth, Eurasian kind.Originate in California, USA, be that university is stood by California, USA Research worker carries out cross experiment the seventies, the grape variety cultivated.Red grape will reach wanting of high-quality product Ask, make fruit ear attractive in appearance, fruit grain is uniform in size consistent, bright in colour, it is necessary to carry out skill to fruit ear in addition to strengthening cultivation management Art is processed.Since China introduces this kind in 1987, northern area removes Heilungkiang, Jilin two outside the province, and remaining each province is all carried out Introduce a fine variety and cultivate, especially the south in northeastward area, North China and northwest China regional culture show fabulous, fruit quality Excellent, late-maturing, storage tolerance, high yield, is the high-quality and efficient kind of first-selection of Developing Grape.

2nd, red grape is the Table Grape improved seeds of currently high praise both at home and abroad.This long taper of kind fruit ear, puts down All fringes weigh 800 grams, and maximum fringe weighs 1492 grams.Fruit grain circle or oval, grain is big, and average grain weighs 13 grams, and maximum grain weighs 18 grams, really Pi Zhonghou, has bright-coloured Flos Rosae Rugosae blusher, and sarcocarp is firmly crisp, and sugar content is up to 17%, and local flavor is good, life firmly, extremely resistance to accumulating, and 10 Month early and middle ten dayses are ripe, belong to late variety.This kind treelet is on the weak side, and adult tree vigo(u)r is strong, and plant germination rate is high, becomes branch rate strong, flower Bud is formed, and second branch bearing capacity is strong.Field planting Second Year is born fruit, and enters high yield period within the 3rd year.It is adjustment grape variety structure, Extend the first-selected kind of fresh fruit supply phase.Suitable land and greenhouse production.

3rd, Binchuan County is located in adaptability ofgrowth area, and sunlight-heat reaources enrich that (annual accumution more than or equal to 10 DEG C is 6540 DEG C, sunshine time reaches 2719.5 hours), day and night temperature is big (more than 15.4 DEG C), few (the average annual rainfall 559.4 of rainfall Millimeter), relative humidity is little, frost-free period length (294 days), is particularly suitable for grape growth.Binchuan County is that red grape lists earliest Domestic base, enjoys the good reputation in " township of Chinese Grape ".Binchuan County grape -growing areas reach more than 120,000 mu, and area of bearing fruit reaches 90,000 Many mu, the wherein advantage grape product HONGTI of plantation, started in 1992 to plant, cultivation management technology is advanced, HONGTI Portugal Grape average fringe weight more than 1kg, and fruit grain is big, average grammes per square metre 18-26 gram, bright in colour gratifying, fruit powder is intact；Not dehiscent fruit, Not decayed fruit, not threshing；Thick in peel, sarcocarp is brittle, and meat is solid and crisp, delicate succulence, can chip, and specialty detection is sugary Amount more than 20%, it is tasty and refreshing to eat sense of taste sweetness raw, is free of contamination pure green fruit, can match in excellence or beauty import HONGTI completely.It is based on to obtain sky Solely thick weather, the just formal exploitation of Binchuan red grape annual late June, other regional whole listings in 2 months in advance more domestic, Sell to the big and medium-sized cities such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Shanghai, Kunming, Wuhan, Chongqing, and the country such as Singapore, Korea S, Vietnam and area are deeply Welcome by consumers in general.

4th, in recent years, it is located in the Binchuan County of dry-hot valley weather, make full use of the advantage early going public than whole nation other producing region, Greatly develop Fructus Vitis viniferae industry.2015, grape -growing areas based on HONGTI for the Binchuan County reached 18.48 ten thousand mu, total product about 470,000 Ton, the output value surpasses 3,400,000,000 yuan, and Table Grape cultivated area accounts for the whole province first, becomes the whole nation largest precocious high-quality fresh at county level Food Fructus Vitis viniferae production base, 25 grape samples are awarded a gold medal in national first precocity, facility, high-quality grapes comparation and assessment, and Fructus Vitis viniferae is Preliminarily form the general layout of regional layout, large-scale production, industrialization management, become the pillar industry that farmer richness increases income.

5th, Binchuan County land resource is wide, and contract land area on the regular payroll has 360,000 mu, and actual have 770,000 mu of arable land, and mountain region provides Source compared with horn of plenty, stands the 82.97% of the whole county soil gross area.Application area based on Fructus Vitis viniferae, Citrus for the whole county reaches 32.53 Ten thousand mu, account for the 42.25% of actual cultivated area.Binchuan is also commodity grain base county of Yunnan Province, bears the grain storage of certain scale Standby task.Greatly develop Fructus Vitis viniferae industry, take into account not grain simultaneously and must walk mountain region development strategy with striving, so it is red to cultivate mountain region Grape, promotes mountain region red grape planting technology and is particularly important.

Content of the invention

The invention aims to solving above-mentioned red grape arable land plantation the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of HONGTI The mountain planting method of Fructus Vitis viniferae, the method can increase substantially germination rate and the yield of mountain region red grape, has preferable warp Ji benefit.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of implantation methods in the mountain region of red grape, comprises the steps:

Step (1), consolidation:

Select sunny, deep fertile, the well-drained sandy loam location of soil, and select the slope that the gradient is less than 15 degree Ground, digs deep 50 centimetres of gutter, during ditching, table soil is separately singly put with subsoil.Often go before planting and be made into a ridge, 2.5 meters of row spacing, Ridge is high more than 40 centimetres, and scrapes out 50 centimetres of deep, planting holes of 80 centimeter square, and mellow soil, branch and leaf or green manure are first inserted in cave bottom, then Often spread manuer in holes into barnyard manure or 50 kilograms of compost, finally banket and mix thoroughly with fertilizer；Step (2) seedling planting:

Resident time is December to January, and before field planting, every mu applies the above decomposed manure of 5 sides, concentrates and imposes in field planting row, and Soil is carried out with ripening of deep ploughing, is first sterilized with antibacterial before transplanted seedling tree, planted with 1 meter × 1.5 meters of density, every mu of ground plants Plant 400-600 strain, and use single armed horizontal hedge frame, field planting method stays 20-25 centimetre for cutting the root system of nursery stock before seedling planting Long, only cut new wound less than the root system of 20 centimeter length, bud selection good cutting in top stays 2-3, and nursery stock uses clear water after shearing Soak 24 hours, be colonized again after 50 times of lime sulfur sterilizations of spray, before planting, first the soil at cave bottom built into a little earth bastion to centre, Then the lower end of nursery stock main root is placed on earth bastion, root system sets to surrounding, earthen backfill half is treaded with foot, irrigates and determine root Water, upper plus in right amount fertile table soil to root cervical region；Step (3) seedling fosters:

(1), young sprout management: when red grape field planting a piece of true leaf after germinateing, start bud picking, every plant retains a young sprout, Draw when young sprout grows to 25-30 centimetre high and tie up on galvanized wire, carry out first time pinching when young sprout grows to 40-50 centimetre high, pluck Select a strong summer bud sublateral shoot to make to extend the tip after the heart, extend growth upwards, the summer bud below sending stays 1 leaf pinching repeatedly, and Draw in time and bind frame, when young sprout grows to 1.5 meters high, carry out the 2nd pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, top sends grows to 4 leaves When pinching；(2), pest management: red grape is susceptible to suffer from downy mildew, white rot, anthrachose of grape.Preventing and controlling should be relied mainly on prevention.Comprehensive Close preventing and treating: spring nursery stock go out upper after, spray 5 degree lime sulfurs, kill the pathogenic bacteria that survives the winter, minimizing pathogenic bacteria radix.Young sprout grows to 20cm sprays 1--2 1000 times of thiophanate methyls up to early stage of blooming or 500 times of Mancozebs prevent and treat anthrachose of grape, leaf spot, grey mold Disease, 40% omethoate, prevents and treats green plant bug.Spend 500 times of hundred bacterium of spray in latter 5 days please prevent and treat anthrachose of grape effect preferable.Trophophase, With a medicine, mainly prevent and treat downy mildew, white rot, anthrax within typically every 10 days.Gray mold, main selection: 600 times of Lei Duo meter You, 400 times of ridomil, 500 times of Mancozebs, 1:0.5:200 times of Bordeaux mixture, 1000 times of rich rice effects are fairly obvious.Enter Rainy season, blade face, leaf dorsifixed anther were uniformly, thoughtful and careful, accomplish it should be noted that systemic fungicide is used alternatingly with protective fungicide Rob spray before rain, fill spray after rain and just can receive good effect, in addition cultivation management to be strengthened, applying organic manure and phosphorus potash fertilizer.Close Reason stays fruit, no over-loading.The ventilative thang-kng in frame face, strengthens the resistances against diseases of blade.

(3), fertilizing management:

A, field planting rich water quality management then: latter 10 days of field planting, start to impose, in the depth digging 3--4 20cm around Seedling 20cm Hole, every mu is dissolved in 200 jin of water by 12 jin of carbamide and applying.Late June, by every mu of 15 jin of carbamide, local away from Seedling 25--30cm Dig pit, apply.Mid-July, mid-August, apply quick-acting compound fertilizer or grape special fertilizer by 18,20 jin every mu twice, and according to Damage caused by a drought is watered in time.

, base manure: Fructus Vitis viniferae harvesting after in Fructus Vitis viniferae in the ranks, away from Seedling 40cm at trench digging, furrow width 60cm, deep 70cm.Every mu applies There are 5000 kilograms of fertilizers becoming thoroughly decomposed, be sufficiently mixed with soil, and add 100 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer earthing and pour immediately Water.Every mu of the best fruiting period applies 43.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 19.6 kilograms of pure phosphorus, 40.8 kilograms of pure potassium, and N P and K proportioning is 1:0.5:1, applies Fertile period be rudiment before, bloom before, fruit expanding period, fruit color phase apply for four times.Trophophase combine laxative, the beginning of July with The front carbamide spraying 4 one 5 times 0.3%, sprays 4--5 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after July.In the whole season of growth, can repeatedly spray 3000 times of extremely multiple and 500 times of Xerox gardens that fall, can be obviously promoted seedling growth, improve the resistances against diseases of nursery stock.

C, foliage fertilizer: often spray within 7-10 days once, nitrogen fertilizer application before June, after June, apply phosphorus potash fertilizer；

(4) autumn, winter management: in the first tenday period of a month in September, after stopping 46 fruitful branch twigs, the young sprout that remaining is sprouted all is erased, often Spray within individual month 600 times of 70% thiophanate methyl or 600 times of liquid controlling disease of 70% Mancozeb, spray once every month 0.3% green 1000 times of cream of crystalline substance or the 4000-6000 times of liquid pest control of 10% beta-cypermethrin EC, in the winter time late December start to repair Branch, the method for pruning, reach 0.8-1 centimetre, highly 1.4 meters with growth rugosity of side shoot then, cut and stay 80-l00 centimetre high, 0.6 centimetre Following cutting stays 20 centimetres high, and the sublateral shoot on mobile jib is all wiped out, and after beta pruning, mobile jib is set level, and ties up in away from 70 centimetres of ground On one galvanized wire；

Step (4) frame is set up: the specification of (1) cement pole: the high 2.8m of side column, middle pillar height 2.5m, post length of side 12x12cm, ground Above retain 2m, outward-dipping 30 degree and set earth anchor tension of side column；(2) arrangement in frame face: the orchard that 4 meters of line-spacing, every frame should set Vertical double pillar, intercolumniation spacing 5m, 66, every mu of column；The garden of line-spacing 3--3.5 rice, can set an organ timbering, intercolumniation 3--4m, column Should be at the inner side 30cm on Fructus Vitis viniferae ridge, post and intercolumniation answer transverse row, are easy to draw setting frame face during galvanized wire, retain 2m, side column to 30 degree of outer incline simultaneously sets earth anchor tension；(3), the arrangement of galvanized wire: every 50cm ties up one lead to First Year upwards by ground on column Silk, pulls up four roads, next year laterally draws galvanized wire in cement column top, then longitudinally every 50cm direct motion to drawing one galvanized wire, shape Become the net of 50--60cm, draw and must be noted that during galvanized wire to tighten, make whole support body form one and make a concerted effort, just can bear branch and leaf and fruit Pressure and high wind attack；Step (5) pruning:

(1) trunk is cultivated: field planting then, is cultivated a main stem from ground, grown into pinching during 70cm, when nursery stock growing way is weak, can The pinching when 50cm is high, to increase the rugosity of nursery stock, sublateral shoot within 30cm above to ground, erase from base portion, more than 30cm Pair slightly retain 3 leaf pinching, to extend climing grow to pinching again during 7 great Ye, following sublateral shoot processes ibid, mid or late August pair The whole pinching of all young sprouts, controls growth, increases degree of lignification.It is cut out according to main stem rugosity and Maturity when winter cuts, Typically require clip rugosity to reach 1cm, 0.8cm must not be less than, cut and stay 1m.3--5 bud is stayed to put down when below rugosity 0.8cm Stubble, after Second Year spring pruning mouth bud is sprouted, select and remain one healthy and strong climing make main stem, and remove the inflorescence in main stem, to reduce nutrition Consume, when the winter cuts extend the tip cut stay length should be according to clip rugosity depending on.When more than rugosity 1cm, cut and stay length 2m, lateral bine Stay one by every 25cm, and stay 2--3 bud cutting back, remaining lateral bine is all thinning out, in main stem, every meter is stayed four bearing basal shoot groups, Whole shaping task is basically completed；(2) branches and tendrils are added: stablize more than 10 DEG C in daily mean temperature, start to remove anti-dry frozen ground, Will be added for Fructus Vitis viniferae draws climing.A bent angle must be cultivated before next year after field planting is added it is simply that in main stem base portion, direct motion to ground Curve 45 degree of angles, paste on buried with direct motion during sharp winter undercarriage to a side, in order to avoid main stem fractures.(3) bud picking: bud picking is at twice Carry out.First time bud picking is being carried out at the beginning of rudiment, by the bud within above for ground 50cm, hypogenetic bud, twin shoot, the three lives Bud, can once erase.Second bud picking is carried out for 10 days about after first time, now it can be seen that the regularity of rudiment, right Improperly adventitious bud etc. is erased in time for the weak bud in rudiment evening, the no bud of growing space, position, retains two to each bearing basal shoot Bud, substantially stays 8 growing points by every meter of length of main stem, and every square metre of frame face retains 10 young sprouts.(4) dredge the tip and determine fringe: dredge The tip enters on the basis of bud picking, and mainly the layout of decision branch, Fruit branch are than the yield with Fructus Vitis viniferae.The thin tip is after lamina More than 20 skies are carried out, and now have seen that number and the size of inflorescence on young sprout.Remove overstocked branch top, small and weak spica in time, by branch Fruit ratio 3:1, unnecessary inflorescence is dredged and is gone.(5) summer shoot management: summer shoot mainly prolongs long cane pruning.The coronary dilating phase, can suitably grow and put, when Grow to pinching during 1.5--2m, to make branches and tendrils capture space as early as possible, accelerate shaping.The nutrition tip: pluck when growing into 10--12 piece leaf The heart, extends sublateral shoot later and stays 2--3 piece leaf pinching repeatedly, control growth.The result tip: because the percentage of fertile fruit of HONGTI is high, can open 10 leaf row pinching again are stayed, the sublateral shoot below fruit ear removes early, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays a piece of leaf pinching after spending.Sublateral shoot: Because HONGTI blade is less, sublateral shoot should stay 1 leaf to drip the heart, so can increase blade area, improve photosynthate, can suppress again Hibernaculum sprouts.

(6) winter tip management: during winter pruning based on short cane pruning, bearing basal shoot retains two buds of base portion and cuts, and notes The culture of meaning fruit-bearing shoot cluster and renewal, every square metre of the season of growth stays young sprout 10--12.Step (6), fruiting period management:

(1) flower and fruit management: 1) sensible load: every per mu yield controls at 1500 kilograms, and 3 fringes of fruit are stayed in every square metre of frame face, monostable Weigh 800 grams.The ratio of the result tip and the nutrition tip is 1:3, and the strong tip stays 2 fruit ears, and the golden mean of the Confucian school tip stays 1 fringe, and the weak tip does not stay fringe.2) really Fringe shaping, pinches the 1/3 of surely point before blooming.Dredge and remove fruit ear base portion 1--2 big branch, make fruit ear plentiful compact.3) dredge grain, Fruit is thanked and is spent 10 days about, dredges in time and removes the bad granule of setting.Each fruit ear retains 60 about, can make each fruit grain size Unanimously, uniform coloring.Improve the commodity value of fruit.4) HORMONE TREATMENT, thanks and spends latter 15--20 days, and the fruit ear through dredging grain is entered Row swelling agent is processed.Fruit ear can be dipped in expanding 100 times of dilution agent with medicinal liquid, each fruit grain must all medicine, typically can make fruit Grain increases 3 one 5 grams, and effect is fairly obvious.5) denuclearization is processed: in full blossom latter stage respectively using 30,50,75,100 milligrams/thousand Gram very precious, 200 mg/kg agricultural streptomycin process fruit ear, Seedless Rate is all more than 98%.Again with 50 after 10 days The very precious of mg/kg is processed 1 time, and average fruit grain quality is more than 9 grams.

(2) determine fruit bagging: spend latter 20 days about, fruit grain when reaching beans size, the fruit grain that will process through swelling agent First thiophanate methyl of 1000 times of spray, medicinal liquid do after with homemade newspaper bag, fruit ear is put, goes through sky before plucking fruit and remove really Bag, can avoid fruit ear to be endangered by disease pest, can improve commodity.

(3) harvest in time:, in batches timely collecting different according to the period of maturation.Preferably in sunny morning or post sunset in afternoon Carry out, after greasy weather, rain or burning sun heavy rain descends and should not harvest.Pinch fringe stalk with finger during harvesting, cut off with fruit thinning scissors, try not Wipe fruit powder, prevent and reduce mechanical damage.

(4) cold-proof management: cold-proof bury climing method using earthing, the time should select after the winter cuts to soil freezing advance OK, method is: the winter cut after deadwood in removing garden, fall leaves and carry out nursery stock and the sterilization of frame material with 3 degree of lime sulfurs.Press strip earthing When make soil pillow in nursery stock base portion soil, along ridge to overwhelming nursery stock, from 1 meter away from root, nursery stock is covered tightly by reality with treatment with external measures fine earth, buries Upper thickness should exceed nursery stock 20cm thickness, forbids using soil block soil burial winter protection, in order to avoid because soil block gap is ventilative, making Seedling art occur to air-dry. After completing underground layering, the ditch that in the ranks fetches earth is filled and led up, in order to avoid root system is endured cold.Finally pour an anti-freezing water in the ranks, will pour when watering and pour Thoroughly, check at any time later.And constantly bury crack and carry out earthing repairing it is ensured that nursery stock safe overwintering.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of implantation methods in the mountain region of red grape are it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

Step (1), consolidation:

Select sunny, deep fertile, the well-drained sandy loam location of soil, and select the slope that the gradient is less than 15 degree Ground, digs 50 centimetres of gutter depth, during ditching, table soil is separately singly put with subsoil, often goes and be made into a ridge before planting, 2.5 meters of row spacing, Ridge is high more than 40 centimetres, and scrapes out 50 centimetres of deep, planting holes of 80 centimeter square, and mellow soil, branch and leaf or green manure are first inserted in cave bottom, then Often spread manuer in holes into barnyard manure or 50 kilograms of compost, finally banket and mix thoroughly with fertilizer；Step (2) seedling planting:

Resident time is December to January, and before field planting, every mu applies the above decomposed manure of 5 sides, concentrates and imposes in field planting row, and Soil is carried out with ripening of deep ploughing, is first sterilized with antibacterial before transplanted seedling tree, planted with 1 meter × 1.5 meters of density, every mu of ground plants Plant 400-600 strain, and use single armed horizontal hedge frame, field planting method stays 20-25 centimetre for cutting the root system of nursery stock before seedling planting Long, only cut new wound less than the root system of 20 centimeter length, bud selection good cutting in top stays 2-3, and nursery stock uses clear water after shearing Soak 24 hours, be colonized again after 50 times of lime sulfur sterilizations of spray, before planting, first the soil at cave bottom built into a little earth bastion to centre, Then the lower end of nursery stock main root is placed on earth bastion, root system sets to surrounding, earthen backfill half is treaded with foot, irrigates and determine root Water, upper plus in right amount fertile table soil to root cervical region；Step (3) seedling fosters:

(1), young sprout management: when red grape field planting a piece of true leaf after germinateing, start bud picking, every plant retains a young sprout, Draw when young sprout grows to 25-30 centimetre high and tie up on galvanized wire, carry out first time pinching when young sprout grows to 40-50 centimetre high, pluck Select a strong summer bud sublateral shoot to make to extend the tip after the heart, extend growth upwards, the summer bud below sending stays 1 leaf pinching repeatedly, and Draw in time and bind frame, when young sprout grows to 1.5 meters high, carry out the 2nd pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, top sends grows to 4 leaves When pinching；(2), pest management: after spring nursery stock is unearthed, spray 5 degree of lime sulfurs, young sprout grows to 20cm up to opening Flower early stage sprays 1--2 1000 times of thiophanate methyls or 500 times of Mancozebs, and 40% omethoate, spends latter 5 days and sprays one time 500 Times Bravo；

(3), fertilizing management:

A, field planting rich water quality management then: latter 10 days of field planting, start to impose, in the depth digging 3--4 20cm around Seedling 20cm Hole, every mu is dissolved in 200 jin of water by 12 jin of carbamide and applying, late June, by every mu of 15 jin of carbamide, local away from Seedling 25--30cm Dig pit, apply, mid-July, mid-August, apply quick-acting compound fertilizer or grape special fertilizer by 18,20 jin every mu twice, and according to Damage caused by a drought is watered in time；

B, base manure: after Fructus Vitis viniferae harvesting in Fructus Vitis viniferae in the ranks, ditch at Seedling 40cm, furrow width 60cm, deep 70cm, every mu has applied 5000 kilograms of fertilizers becoming thoroughly decomposed, are sufficiently mixed with soil, and add 100 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer earthing and pour immediately Water, every mu of the best fruiting period applies 43.5 kilograms of purity nitrogen, 19.6 kilograms of pure phosphorus, 40.8 kilograms of pure potassium, and N P and K proportioning is 1:0.5:1, applies Fertile period be rudiment before, bloom before, fruit expanding period, fruit color phase apply for four times, trophophase combine laxative, the beginning of July with The front carbamide spraying 4 one 5 times 0.3%, sprays 4--5 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate after July, in the whole season of growth, can repeatedly spray 3000 times of extremely multiple and 500 times of Xerox gardens that fall, can be obviously promoted seedling growth, improve the resistances against diseases of nursery stock；

C, foliage fertilizer: often spray within 7-10 days once, nitrogen fertilizer application before June, after June, apply phosphorus potash fertilizer；

(4) autumn, winter management: in the first tenday period of a month in September, after stopping 46 fruitful branch twigs, the young sprout that remaining is sprouted all is erased, often Spray within individual month 600 times of 70% thiophanate methyl or 600 times of liquid controlling disease of 70% Mancozeb, spray once every month 0.3% green 1000 times of cream of crystalline substance or the 4000-6000 times of liquid pest control of 10% beta-cypermethrin EC, in the winter time late December start to repair Branch, the method for pruning, reach 0.8-1 centimetre, highly 1.4 meters with growth rugosity of side shoot then, cut and stay 80-l00 centimetre high, 0.6 centimetre Following cutting stays 20 centimetres high, and the sublateral shoot on mobile jib is all wiped out, and after beta pruning, mobile jib is set level, and ties up in away from 70 centimetres of ground On one galvanized wire；

Step (4) frame is set up: the specification of (1) cement pole: the high 2.8m of side column, middle pillar height 2.5m, post length of side 12x12cm, ground Above retain 2m, outward-dipping 30 degree and set earth anchor tension of side column；(2) arrangement in frame face: the orchard that 4 meters of line-spacing, every frame should set Vertical double pillar, intercolumniation spacing 5m, 66, every mu of column；The garden of line-spacing 3--3.5 rice, can set an organ timbering, intercolumniation 3--4m, column Should be at the inner side 30cm on Fructus Vitis viniferae ridge, post and intercolumniation answer transverse row, are easy to draw setting frame face during galvanized wire, retain 2m, side column to 30 degree of outer incline simultaneously sets earth anchor tension；(3), the arrangement of galvanized wire: every 50cm ties up one lead to First Year upwards by ground on column Silk, pulls up four roads, next year laterally draws galvanized wire in cement column top, then longitudinally every 50cm direct motion to drawing one galvanized wire, shape Become the net of 50--60cm, draw and must be noted that during galvanized wire to tighten, make whole support body form one and make a concerted effort, just can bear branch and leaf and fruit Pressure and high wind attack；Step (5) pruning:

(1) trunk is cultivated: field planting then, is cultivated a main stem from ground, grown into pinching during 70cm, when nursery stock growing way is weak, can The pinching when 50cm is high, to increase the rugosity of nursery stock, sublateral shoot within 30cm above to ground, erase from base portion, more than 30cm Pair slightly retain 3 leaf pinching, to extend climing grow to pinching again during 7 great Ye, following sublateral shoot processes ibid, mid or late August pair The whole pinching of all young sprouts, controls growth, increases degree of lignification, is cut out according to main stem rugosity and Maturity when the winter cuts, Typically require clip rugosity to reach 1cm, 0.8cm must not be less than, cut and stay 1m；3--5 bud is stayed to put down when below rugosity 0.8cm Stubble, after Second Year spring pruning mouth bud is sprouted, select and remain one healthy and strong climing make main stem, and remove the inflorescence in main stem, to reduce nutrition Consume, extend when the winter cuts the tip cut stay length should according to clip rugosity depending on, when more than rugosity 1cm, cut and stay length 2m, lateral bine Stay one by every 25cm, and stay 2--3 bud cutting back, remaining lateral bine is all thinning out, in main stem, every meter is stayed four bearing basal shoot groups, Whole shaping task is basically completed；(2) branches and tendrils are added: stablize more than 10 DEG C in daily mean temperature, start to remove anti-dry frozen ground, Will be added for Fructus Vitis viniferae draws climing, a bent angle must be cultivated before the next year after field planting is added it is simply that in main stem base portion, direct motion to ground Curve 45 degree of angles, paste on buried with direct motion during sharp winter undercarriage to a side, in order to avoid main stem fractures；(3) bud picking: bud picking is at twice Carry out, first time bud picking is being carried out at the beginning of rudiment, by the bud within above for ground 50cm, hypogenetic bud, twin shoot, the three lives Bud, can once erase；Second bud picking is carried out for 10 days about after first time, now it can be seen that the regularity of rudiment, right Improperly adventitious bud etc. is erased in time for the weak bud in rudiment evening, the no bud of growing space, position, retains two to each bearing basal shoot Bud, substantially stays 8 growing points by every meter of length of main stem, and every square metre of frame face retains 10 young sprouts；(4) dredge the tip and determine fringe: After lamina, more than 20 skies are carried out, now have seen that on young sprout inflorescence number and size, remove in time overstocked branch top, small and weak flower Fringe, by Shoot-fruit ratio 3:1, unnecessary inflorescence is dredged and is gone；(5) summer shoot management: the pinching when young sprout grows to 1.5--2m, to make branch as early as possible Climing capture space, accelerate shaping, the nutrition tip: pinching when growing into 10--12 piece leaf, extend sublateral shoot later and stay 2--3 piece leaf repeatedly Pinching, controls growth；The result tip: because the percentage of fertile fruit of HONGTI is high, 10 leaf row pinching again can be stayed in Post flowering, below fruit ear Sublateral shoot remove early, sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays a piece of leaf pinching；Sublateral shoot: because HONGTI blade is less, sublateral shoot should stay 1 leaf Drip the heart, so can increase blade area, improve photosynthate, hibernaculum can be suppressed again to sprout；

(6) winter tip management: during winter pruning based on short cane pruning, bearing basal shoot retains two buds of base portion and cuts, and notes tying The culture of Fruit branch group and renewal, every square metre of the season of growth stays young sprout 10--12；Step (6), fruiting period management:

(1) flower and fruit management: 1) sensible load: every per mu yield controls at 1500 kilograms, and 3 fringes of fruit are stayed in every square metre of frame face, monostable Weigh 800 grams, the ratio of the result tip and the nutrition tip is 1:3, and the strong tip stays 2 fruit ears, and the golden mean of the Confucian school tip stays 1 fringe, and the weak tip does not stay fringe；

2) fruit cluster shaping, pinches the 1/3 of surely point before blooming, dredge and remove fruit ear base portion 1--2 big branch；

3) dredge grain, fruit is thanked and spent 10 days about, dredges in time and removes the bad granule of setting, and each fruit ear retains 60 about；

4) HORMONE TREATMENT, thanks and spends latter 15--20 days, carries out swelling agent process to the fruit ear through dredging grain, expanding dilution agent 100 Times, dip in fruit ear with medicinal liquid, each fruit grain must all medicine, make fruit grain increase 3 one 5 grams；

5) denuclearization is processed: full blossom latter stage respectively using 30,50,75,100 mg/kg very precious, 200 milligrams/thousand Gram agricultural streptomycin process fruit ear, Seedless Rate, all more than 98%, uses the very precious process 1 of 50 mg/kg again after 10 days Secondary, average fruit grain quality is more than 9 grams；

(2) determine fruit bagging: spend latter 20 days, fruit grain, when reaching beans size, the fruit grain processing through swelling agent is first sprayed once 1000 times of thiophanate methyl, with homemade newspaper bag after medicinal liquid is dry, fruit ear is put, goes through sky and remove fruit bag, can keep away before plucking fruit Exempt from fruit ear to be endangered by disease pest, commodity can be improved；

(3) harvest in time:, in batches timely collecting different according to the period of maturation, carry out in sunny morning or post sunset in afternoon, mist My god, after rain or burning sun heavy rain descends and should not harvest, pinch fringe stalk with finger during harvesting, cut off with fruit thinning scissors, try not to wipe fruit Powder, prevents and reduces mechanical damage；

(4) cold-proof management: cold-proof bury climing method using earthing, the time should select to carry out to soil freezing after the winter cuts, side Method is: the winter cut after deadwood in removing garden, fall leaves and carry out nursery stock and the sterilization of frame material with 3 degree of lime sulfurs, during press strip earthing Nursery stock base portion soil makees soil pillow, along ridge to overwhelming nursery stock, is covered tightly in fact nursery stock with treatment with external measures fine earth from 1 meter away from root, buries thickness Degree should exceed nursery stock 20cm thickness, forbids using soil block soil burial winter protection, in order to avoid because soil block gap is ventilative, making Seedling art occur to air-dry, completing After underground layering, the ditch that in the ranks fetches earth is filled and led up, in order to avoid root system is endured cold, finally pours an anti-freezing water in the ranks, will pour when watering and irrigate, Check at any time later, bury crack in time and carry out earthing repairing it is ensured that nursery stock safe overwintering.